3647:, similarly states in Sections VI.87 through VI.90, that it is the householders who feed all those in other three stages of life, and those who seek spiritual pursuits live on, attain fulfillment because of those who accept and prosper in Gṛhastha ashrama. Manusmriti uses the concept of ashrama broadly, and in verses III.77 to III.80, declares Gṛhastha stage as noble, excellent and that "just like all beings need air to survive, so do all beings take life from the
3360:
3683:(householder). Let him pursue and obtain, by ethical ways, home, wife, and wealth, discharge to the best of his ability the duties of his life's stage. He should satisfy the soul of his ancestors with funeral cakes; the gods with oblations; guests with hospitality; the sages with holy study; the progenitors of mankind with progeny; the spirits with reverence; and all the world with words of truth.
3707:(householder), acquiring wealth by honest means, should perform sacrifices; he should always give something in charity, should perform the rites of hospitality unto all arriving at his abode, and should never use anything without giving a portion thereof to others. He should abstain from all vicious acts, should never inflict pain on any creature. It is then only that he can achieve success.
42:
3654:
In
Sections IV.1 through IV.6, Manusmriti states a Brahmana, after being twice-born and completing his studies with his teacher, should marry and live in his house. He must seek a means of living that causes no injury or least possible injury to all living beings, except in times of distress. For
3457:
stage as the most important of all stages in sociological context, as human beings in this stage not only pursue a virtuous life, they produce food and wealth that sustains people in other stages of life, as well as the offspring that continues mankind. The householder stage is also considered in
3609:
discuss all four stages of life - student, householder, retired/hermit and ascetic. However they hold Gṛhastha āśrama as the highest because, explains verse III.4.48, not only does the householder performs the duties recommended for all four asramas, they have to produce food and goods on which
3663:(अमृत, accepting gifts and charity), Mrta (मृत, begging), Pramrta (प्रमृत, agriculture, tillage) and Satyanrta (सत्यानृत, trade, commerce, money lending). The text disapproves of one means of survival for the householder - Shvavritti (श्ववृत्ति, dog-like subsistence, servitude, slavery).
3698:
The Indian Epics have extensive debates on Gṛhastha stage of life, offering a contrasting spectrum of views on its merits and nature. An illustrative recommended guidelines for conduct in householder stage of life is stated in Book 1, the Adi Parva of the
Mahabharata, as follows,
3655:
this householder stage, the text declares that the
Brahmana (graduate from Brahmacharya) should accumulate property by ethically pursuing his varna's (class) occupation. Manusmriti lists five appropriate sources of income or means for survival for the educated Brahmana -
3571:
stage after a Hindu wedding . They would build a home, raise a family, earn wealth, enjoy worldly life and give donations to needy people, poor families, orphans, etc... They also have to follow the 5 great rituals ( Pancha Maha Yajnas) as follow:
4076:
See the following
Upanishads: Brahma, Sannyasa, Aruneya, Kantha, Paramahamsa, Jabala and Ashrama; For English translations and secondary source - see Paul Deussen (1906), The Philosophy of the Upanishads, T&T Clark, Edinburgh, pages
3549:(liberation, freedom, self-realization). Gṛhastha is considered to be the most intense of all four stages, where a man or woman pursues all four goals of life, with greater emphasis on first three - Dharma, Artha and Kama. In contrast,
3625:, specify only three stages of human life – Brahmacharya, Gṛhastha and Vanaprastha. They make no mention of gender, class restrictions on these stages of life. All three stages are recommended as path to
3469:
may, if they want, skip householder and retirement stage, go straight to
Sannyasa stage of life, thereby renouncing worldly and materialistic pursuits and dedicating their lives to spiritual pursuits.
3641:
in verses 3.2 and 3.3, is the foundation of all the ashramas, and essential to the existence and continuation of society because the other three ashramas do not produce offspring.
3423:(bachelor student) life stage, and embodies a married life, with the duties of maintaining a home, raising a family, educating one's children, and leading a family-centred and a
3564:(retirement, forest dweller, still an advisor to the next generation) stage. In ancient texts, Gṛhastha stage of life is said to extend from the age of about 25 to about 50.
3412:: गृहस्थ) literally means "being in and occupied with home, family" or "householder". It refers to the second phase of an individual's life in a four age-based stages of the
3963:
Mazumdar and
Mazumdar (2005), Home in the Context of Religion, in Home and Identity in Late Life: International Perspectives (Editor: Graham D. Rowles et al.), Springer,
3458:
Indian philosophy as one where the most intense physical, procreational, emotional, occupational, social and material attachments exist in a human being's life.
4222:
3679:
When the scriptural studies appropriate to the student have been completed, and he has received blessings of his Guru, let him enter into the order of the
4210:
3992:
3980:
4234:
3800:
3592:
Atithi yajna~ Hospitality to guest, saints, sages. It is said "Guest is God." We must take good care of our guest to get good deeds in our life.
3450:
concept, something essential to completing the full development of a human being and fulfilling all the needs of the individual and society.
4030:
4282:
3521:, which identified four stages of a human life, with distinct differences based on natural human needs and drives, as well as how these
4278:
4246:
Muller translates it as dog-like menial subsistence, William Jones translates this as service for hire, Prasad translates it as slavery
4201:
Muller translates it as gleaning of corn, William Jones as lawful gleaning and gathering, Prasad translates it as proper natural work
90:
3778:
2267:
853:
4363:
4259:
2146:
4321:
4131:
4009:
3968:
3837:
3390:
3023:
3898:
3866:
4304:
4092:
English
Translation: UC Pandey, Gautama Dharma Sutra, with the Mitaksara' Sanskrit commentary of Haradatta, 1966,
2176:
1007:
3913:
L Mullatti (1995), Families in India: Beliefs and
Realities, Journal of Comparative Family Studies, 26(1): 11-25
3856:
3610:
people in other ashramas survive. The shared duties of four ashramas are - tenderness for all living creatures (
4277:
See, for example, Adi
Sankara's commentary on The Bhagavad Gita of the Mahabharata, AM Sastri (Translator), at
4087:
3886:
127:
3553:
is the stage where the individual renounces Artha and Kama, and pursues Moksha with a single minded pursuit.
3446:(renunciation). Combined with other three life stages, Hindu philosophy considers these stages as a facet of
1600:
2156:
2096:
76:
4333:
699:
4171:
4109:
3326:
3217:
1827:
3345:
3016:
2920:
1867:
1536:
1221:
533:
4288:
1862:
4265:
4189:
3322:
2968:
2086:
1822:
110:
95:
763:
4052:
3638:
3622:
2878:
2871:
2850:
2559:
2449:
2421:
2151:
1041:
828:
803:
719:
4348:
3093:
2306:
2211:
2136:
1317:
1239:
132:
100:
1279:
3775:
3383:
3292:
3222:
3058:
2687:
2456:
2116:
1017:
694:
4178:
4116:
3933:
4148:
3332:
3310:
3200:
3065:
2638:
2246:
2126:
1529:
1515:
683:
678:
3318:
3314:
3306:
3195:
2857:
2435:
2405:
2236:
2141:
2037:
1767:
1661:
8:
3602:
3416:
3350:
3243:
3079:
2610:
2472:
2216:
2106:
2091:
1997:
1937:
1902:
1802:
1382:
1294:
913:
572:
183:
85:
56:
1483:
673:
4004:
R Sharma (1986), A Socio-political Study of the Vālmīki Rāmāyaṇa, Motilal
Banarsidass,
3272:
3258:
2977:
2502:
2398:
2226:
2206:
2201:
2196:
1797:
1563:
1434:
1046:
932:
4041:. Adyar, Chennai: The Adyar Library and Research Centre: 379–406 – via Academia.
3812:
S Radhakrishnan (1922), The Hindu Dharma, International Journal of Ethics, 33(1): 1-22
4368:
4317:
4316:
J. A. B Van Buitenen (1974), The Book of the Beginning, University of Chicago Press,
4127:
4093:
4005:
3964:
3894:
3862:
3833:
3376:
3282:
3251:
3207:
2864:
2815:
2750:
2509:
2495:
2241:
2166:
1987:
1947:
1942:
1932:
1772:
1468:
1402:
997:
734:
25:
3505:
means that which "being in and occupied with home, family" or simply "householder".
1847:
1254:
541:
3158:
3120:
3100:
3051:
3000:
2899:
2694:
2680:
2631:
2574:
2121:
1777:
1696:
1447:
1367:
992:
418:
272:
169:
4126:
English Translation 2: RK Sharma (1999), Indian Society, Institutions and Change,
2536:
4055:: The Vedanta-Sutras, Pt. 2, Vol. XXXVIII, Oxford University Press, pages 324-325
3364:
3287:
3235:
3044:
2948:
2892:
2829:
2645:
2546:
2442:
2191:
2171:
2042:
1917:
1897:
1817:
1508:
1494:
1392:
1372:
1335:
927:
922:
649:
528:
492:
437:
432:
259:
3629:(inner Self, Soul). In contrast, later texts specify four stages of human life.
1056:
808:
509:
4067:(1906), The Philosophy of the Upanishads, T&T Clark, Edinburgh, pages 54-61
3277:
3086:
2934:
2585:
2479:
2428:
2231:
2057:
1977:
1927:
1912:
1877:
1832:
1729:
1501:
1362:
1244:
1193:
1178:
1158:
1122:
1051:
833:
788:
739:
497:
122:
3436:
879:
659:
590:
105:
4357:
3672:
3644:
3606:
3518:
2941:
2906:
2843:
2789:
2782:
2743:
2736:
2673:
2666:
2659:
2652:
2624:
2568:
2186:
2131:
2111:
2101:
2081:
2052:
1962:
1752:
1747:
1737:
1686:
1608:
1522:
1355:
1304:
1203:
1138:
977:
744:
198:
1922:
1681:
889:
884:
4183:
4153:
4121:
4064:
3938:
3732:
3557:
2913:
2822:
2729:
2722:
2715:
2701:
2359:
2181:
2017:
2012:
1972:
1882:
1872:
1842:
1812:
1742:
1646:
1568:
1299:
1264:
1188:
1163:
1092:
942:
793:
580:
479:
466:
461:
4097:
1117:
3737:
3561:
3530:
2984:
2708:
2601:
2531:
2344:
2298:
2259:
2161:
2002:
1992:
1857:
1721:
1711:
1580:
1575:
1478:
1377:
1269:
1259:
1229:
1198:
1107:
874:
688:
611:
603:
405:
174:
4186:, The Sacred Books of the East, Oxford University Press, pages 128-129;
4143:
3951:
3941:, Family Life and Monastic Life, Chapter 10 with page 101 in particular
3030:
2991:
2955:
2836:
2775:
2382:
2374:
2285:
2062:
1837:
1787:
1641:
1631:
1397:
1345:
1274:
1183:
1112:
1102:
1097:
869:
644:
621:
616:
345:
145:
4124:, The Sacred Books of the East, Oxford University Press, pages 214-215
3712:
3140:
3072:
3009:
2927:
2759:
2330:
2290:
2221:
2067:
2032:
1982:
1952:
1887:
1807:
1706:
1676:
1656:
1340:
1284:
1249:
1234:
1153:
1148:
1130:
456:
370:
301:
240:
937:
3769:
3742:
3727:
3550:
3442:
3420:
3409:
3212:
2768:
2594:
2551:
2518:
2369:
2364:
2337:
2047:
2027:
1957:
1907:
1782:
1671:
1587:
1558:
1553:
1422:
1412:
1309:
1289:
1213:
1208:
1173:
843:
823:
783:
749:
729:
709:
595:
471:
206:
164:
159:
33:
2275:
4031:"The concept of Pañca mahāyajña : Origin and transformation"
3656:
3626:
3145:
3135:
2885:
2806:
2798:
2615:
2541:
2526:
2323:
2022:
1967:
1701:
1651:
1621:
1616:
1488:
1463:
1350:
982:
861:
838:
813:
724:
714:
523:
487:
375:
360:
355:
291:
286:
250:
245:
232:
4156:, The Sacred Books of the East, Oxford University Press, page 89
3181:
1027:
1022:
848:
3762:
3747:
3660:
3611:
3546:
3534:
3447:
3424:
3413:
3150:
2964:
2280:
2007:
1892:
1792:
1762:
1757:
1691:
1666:
1455:
1325:
1168:
1143:
1082:
967:
962:
952:
894:
818:
778:
773:
704:
629:
564:
549:
451:
395:
380:
326:
306:
219:
214:
51:
16:
Second phase of an individual's life in the Hindu ashram system
3465:
stage of life is a recommendation, but not a requirement. Any
3752:
3615:
3538:
3514:
3167:
3037:
2802:
2314:
1852:
1716:
1626:
1473:
1427:
1407:
1087:
1072:
1012:
1002:
987:
972:
947:
798:
768:
654:
554:
385:
350:
321:
316:
311:
296:
224:
3651:
because of the food they produce and knowledge they apply".
3621:
Some chapters of the Upanishads, for example hymn 4.4.22 of
3589:
Bhuta yajna~ Service to poor, needy, handicapped and animals
3832:
RK Sharma (1999), Indian Society, Institutions and Change,
3757:
3580:
3542:
1636:
1417:
1387:
1330:
1077:
1064:
957:
559:
400:
390:
365:
331:
281:
263:
3659:(ऋत, lawful gleaning and gathering, proper natural work),
504:
41:
4291:, Book 13 of the Mahabharata, KM Ganguli (Translator)
3453:
Ancient and medieval era texts of Hinduism consider
4174:
Chapter 4, Verses 1-6, pages 114-115 (in Sanskrit);
3854:
3954:, International Journal of Ethics, 40(2): 232-245
3703:It hath been said in the oldest Upanishad that a
3576:Brahma yajna~ Study of vedas, meditation, prayers
4355:
3586:Pitr yajna~ Care of parents, aged and old people
3931:What is Hinduism? (Editors of Hinduism Today),
3887:"5. Grihastha Ashrama, Vanprastha and Sanyasa"
4188:English Translation 2: William Jones (1796),
4028:
3995:Sanskrit English Dictionary, Koeln University
3983:Sanskrit English Dictionary, Koeln University
3803:Sanskrit English Dictionary, Koeln University
3501:means "devoted to, occupied with, being in".
3384:
4264:English Translation: HH Wilson (Translator)
3891:Social and cultural history of ancient India
3884:
3893:. Concept Publishing Company. p. 68.
3861:. Northern Book Centre. pp. 110–114.
3796:
3794:
3579:Deva yajna~ Offering of clarified butter (
3391:
3377:
3560:(student) stage of life, and followed by
3525:integrated with fulfilling, joyful four
3791:
2268:Sources and classification of scripture
4356:
4305:The Mahabharata - First Book Adi Parva
4299:
4297:
4254:
4252:
4166:
4164:
4162:
4112:Chapter 6, Verses 87-90 (in Sanskrit);
4024:
4022:
4020:
4018:
3927:
3925:
3923:
3921:
3919:
3850:
3848:
3846:
3828:
3826:
3824:
3822:
3820:
3818:
890:Anupalabdi (non-perception, negation)
885:Arthāpatti (postulation, presumption)
3880:
3878:
3556:The stage "Gṛhastha" is preceded by
3545:(love, relationships, emotions) and
4294:
4249:
4176:English Translation 1: Max Muller,
4159:
3497:means "home, family, house", while
13:
4336:The Mahabharata, verse 3, page 132
4015:
3916:
3843:
3815:
14:
4380:
4342:
4268:Book III, Chapter IX, pages 93-94
4114:English Translation: Max Muller,
3875:
3858:Axiological approach to the Vedas
3541:(wealth, health, means of life),
4190:Manu Smriti - Ordinances of Manu
3688:Vishnu Purana, 3.IX.1 - 3.IX.31
3513:Gṛhastha is part of the ancient
3358:
40:
4326:
4310:
4271:
4240:
4228:
4216:
4204:
4195:
4137:
4102:
4080:
4070:
4058:
4045:
3998:
3986:
3974:
3957:
3952:The Principles of Hindu Ethics
3944:
3907:
3806:
3715:, The Mahabharata, Chapter 91
3633:Dharmasutras and Dharmasmritis
3440:(forest dweller, retired) and
128:Epic-Puranic royal genealogies
1:
3785:
3675:in Book 3 Chapter IX, states
3596:
3508:
3189:Other society-related topics:
880:Upamāṇa (comparison, analogy)
4364:Hindu philosophical concepts
4262:pages 209-211 (in Sanskrit);
4029:Sundareswaran, N.K. (2019).
3855:Sahebrao Genu Nigal (1986).
3637:Grihastha ashrama, declares
3472:
3434:is conceptually followed by
3300:Hinduism and other religions
2097:Chandrashekarendra Saraswati
7:
4192:Chapter the Fourth, page 89
3720:
3567:A man or woman entered the
3537:(piety, morality, duties),
3045:Kamba Ramayanam/Ramavataram
3017:Naalayira Divya Prabandham
745:Arishadvargas (six enemies)
689:Antaḥkaraṇa (mental organs)
684:Sūkṣma śarīra (subtle body)
10:
4385:
4334:Sambhava Parva - Adi Parva
4035:The Adyar Library Bulletin
2921:Naalayira Divya Prabandham
1601:Gurus, sants, philosophers
1537:Akshar Purushottam Darshan
725:Uparati (self-settledness)
4303:KM Ganguli (Translator),
4287:For another example, see
4237:Koeln University, Germany
4225:Koeln University, Germany
4213:Koeln University, Germany
3934:Two noble paths of Dharma
3728:The Four Ashramas of Yoga
2087:Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvati
740:Samadhana (concentration)
604:Three paths to liberation
111:Tribal religions in India
96:Historical Vedic religion
91:Indus Valley Civilisation
4053:Sacred Books of the East
3623:Brihadaranyaka Upanishad
3481:(गृहस्थ) is a composite
916:, sacrifice, and charity
4266:Vishnu Purana, Volume 3
3094:Thiruvilaiyadal Puranam
2307:Timeline of Hindu texts
2212:Siddharameshwar Maharaj
1240:Pumsavana Simantonayana
895:Śabda (word, testimony)
133:Epic-Puranic chronology
101:Dravidian folk religion
4332:MN Dutt (Translator),
3950:Alban Widgery (1930),
3718:
3691:
3461:In Indian traditions,
3059:Eighteen Greater Texts
2688:Brahma Vaivarta Purana
2117:Krishnananda Saraswati
1356:Vijayadashami-Dussehra
870:Pratyakṣa (perception)
730:Titiksha (forbearance)
3885:Manilal Bose (1998).
3701:
3677:
3175:Varna-related topics:
3066:Eighteen Lesser Texts
2639:Devi Bhagavata Purana
1530:Svabhavika Bhedabheda
1516:Achintya Bheda Abheda
1448:Philosophical schools
750:Ahamkara (attachment)
710:Vairagya (dispassion)
638:Mokṣa-related topics:
4349:Four ashrama of yoga
4088:Gautama Dharma Sutra
3307:Hinduism and Jainism
2237:Vethathiri Maharishi
2142:Nisargadatta Maharaj
705:Viveka (discernment)
80:(500/200 BCE–300 CE)
4086:Sanskrit Original:
3639:Gautama Dharmasutra
3603:Chandogya Upanishad
3365:Hinduism portal
3244:Hinduism by country
3080:Iraiyanar Akapporul
3024:Tirumurukāṟṟuppaṭai
2107:Dayananda Saraswati
2092:Bhaktivinoda Thakur
1998:Sripada Srivallabha
1938:Raghunatha Siromani
1903:Narasimha Saraswati
1803:Santadas Kathiababa
875:Anumāṇa (inference)
3485:of two root words
3477:The Sanskrit word
3259:Caribbean Shaktism
2978:Kanakadhara Stotra
2227:U. G. Krishnamurti
2207:Satyadhyana Tirtha
1798:Gangesha Upadhyaya
1456:Six Astika schools
700:Ānanda (happiness)
679:Anātman (non-self)
3401:
3400:
3252:Balinese Hinduism
2751:Markandeya Purana
1988:Satyanatha Tirtha
1943:Raghuttama Tirtha
1933:Raghavendra Swami
1773:Ramdas Kathiababa
854:Sources of dharma
720:Dama (temperance)
715:Sama (equanimity)
81:
4376:
4337:
4330:
4324:
4314:
4308:
4301:
4292:
4275:
4269:
4256:
4247:
4244:
4238:
4232:
4226:
4220:
4214:
4208:
4202:
4199:
4193:
4179:The Laws of Manu
4168:
4157:
4149:The Laws of Manu
4141:
4135:
4117:The Laws of Manu
4106:
4100:
4084:
4078:
4074:
4068:
4062:
4056:
4051:Max Muller, The
4049:
4043:
4042:
4026:
4013:
4002:
3996:
3990:
3984:
3978:
3972:
3961:
3955:
3948:
3942:
3929:
3914:
3911:
3905:
3904:
3882:
3873:
3872:
3852:
3841:
3830:
3813:
3810:
3804:
3798:
3716:
3689:
3393:
3386:
3379:
3363:
3362:
3361:
3323:and Christianity
3293:Pilgrimage sites
3223:Reform movements
3101:Vinayagar Agaval
3052:Five Great Epics
3001:Tamil literature
2900:Sushruta Samhita
2695:Bhavishya Purana
2681:Brahmanda Purana
2632:Bhagavata Purana
2560:Other scriptures
2122:Mahavatar Babaji
1697:Satyakama Jabala
1368:Ganesh Chaturthi
1222:Rites of passage
735:Shraddha (faith)
153:Major traditions
79:
44:
21:
20:
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3690:
3687:
3649:Gṛhastha Āśrama
3616:self-restraints
3599:
3529:of life called
3517:concept called
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3475:
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2893:Charaka Samhita
2872:Vaiśeṣika Sūtra
2830:Shilpa Shastras
2809:
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2646:Naradiya Purana
2618:
2613:
2588:
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2521:
2385:
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2197:Shirdi Sai Baba
2192:Sathya Sai Baba
2172:Ramana Maharshi
2076:
2043:Vadiraja Tirtha
2038:Vācaspati Miśra
1918:Srinivasacharya
1898:Narahari Tirtha
1878:Matsyendranatha
1863:Kumārila Bhaṭṭa
1828:Jagannatha Dasa
1818:Haridasa Thakur
1732:
1611:
1603:
1593:
1592:
1548:
1509:Vishishtadvaita
1458:
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1393:Makar Sankranti
1373:Vasant Panchami
1336:Maha Shivaratri
1320:
1224:
1133:
1067:
1036:
917:
908:
900:
899:
864:
758:
695:Prajña (wisdom)
691:
668:
632:
606:
575:
544:
542:Meaning of life
529:God in Hinduism
518:
482:
480:Supreme reality
457:Subtle elements
446:
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266:
235:
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77:Hindu synthesis
73:
68:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4382:
4372:
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4344:
4343:External links
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4338:
4325:
4322:978-0226846484
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4132:978-8171566655
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4079:
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4010:978-8120800786
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3971:, pages 81-103
3969:978-0826127150
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2886:Pramana Sutras
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2858:Mimamsa Sutras
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2851:Samkhya Sutras
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2450:Shvetashvatara
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2422:Brihadaranyaka
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2232:Upasni Maharaj
2229:
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2209:
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2058:Vedanta Desika
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2015:
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1978:Samarth Ramdas
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1194:Carnatic music
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1179:Bhagavata Mela
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1123:Kundalini yoga
1120:
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573:Stages of life
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534:God and gender
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483:
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467:Gross elements
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123:Itihasa-Purana
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37:
36:
30:
29:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4381:
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4365:
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4361:
4359:
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4335:
4329:
4323:
4319:
4313:
4306:
4300:
4298:
4290:
4284:
4280:
4274:
4267:
4261:
4260:Vishnu Purana
4255:
4253:
4243:
4236:
4231:
4224:
4219:
4212:
4207:
4198:
4191:
4185:
4182:, p. 128, at
4181:
4180:
4173:
4167:
4165:
4163:
4155:
4151:
4150:
4145:
4140:
4133:
4129:
4123:
4120:, p. 214, at
4119:
4118:
4111:
4105:
4099:
4095:
4089:
4083:
4073:
4066:
4061:
4054:
4048:
4040:
4036:
4032:
4025:
4023:
4021:
4019:
4011:
4007:
4001:
3994:
3989:
3982:
3977:
3970:
3966:
3960:
3953:
3947:
3940:
3937:, p. 101, at
3936:
3935:
3928:
3926:
3924:
3922:
3920:
3910:
3902:
3900:81-7022-598-1
3896:
3892:
3888:
3881:
3879:
3870:
3868:81-85119-18-X
3864:
3860:
3859:
3851:
3849:
3847:
3839:
3835:
3829:
3827:
3825:
3823:
3821:
3819:
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3780:
3777:
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3773:
3772:
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3729:
3726:
3725:
3714:
3708:
3706:
3700:
3693:
3692:
3684:
3682:
3676:
3674:
3673:Vishnu Purana
3666:
3665:
3664:
3662:
3658:
3652:
3650:
3646:
3642:
3640:
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3631:
3630:
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3544:
3540:
3536:
3532:
3528:
3524:
3520:
3519:Chaturashrama
3516:
3506:
3504:
3500:
3496:
3492:
3488:
3484:
3480:
3470:
3468:
3464:
3459:
3456:
3451:
3449:
3445:
3444:
3439:
3438:
3433:
3428:
3427:social life.
3426:
3422:
3419:. It follows
3418:
3417:asrama system
3415:
3411:
3407:
3406:
3394:
3389:
3387:
3382:
3380:
3375:
3374:
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3371:
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3349:
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3328:
3324:
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3316:
3312:
3308:
3305:
3304:
3298:
3297:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3271:
3270:
3266:Hindu culture
3264:
3263:
3260:
3257:
3256:
3253:
3250:
3249:
3245:
3241:
3240:
3237:
3232:
3231:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3218:Organisations
3216:
3214:
3211:
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3206:
3202:
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3155:
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3139:
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3134:
3133:
3130:
3127:
3126:
3122:
3118:
3117:
3111:
3110:
3103:
3102:
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3096:
3095:
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3089:
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3084:
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3081:
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3047:
3046:
3042:
3040:
3039:
3035:
3033:
3032:
3028:
3026:
3025:
3021:
3019:
3018:
3014:
3012:
3011:
3007:
3006:
3002:
2998:
2997:
2994:
2993:
2989:
2987:
2986:
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2980:
2979:
2975:
2974:
2970:
2966:
2962:
2961:
2958:
2957:
2953:
2951:
2950:
2946:
2944:
2943:
2942:Yoga Vasistha
2939:
2937:
2936:
2932:
2930:
2929:
2925:
2923:
2922:
2918:
2916:
2915:
2911:
2909:
2908:
2907:Natya Shastra
2904:
2902:
2901:
2897:
2895:
2894:
2890:
2888:
2887:
2883:
2881:
2880:
2876:
2874:
2873:
2869:
2867:
2866:
2862:
2860:
2859:
2855:
2853:
2852:
2848:
2846:
2845:
2844:Brahma Sutras
2841:
2839:
2838:
2834:
2832:
2831:
2827:
2825:
2824:
2820:
2818:
2817:
2813:
2812:
2808:
2804:
2800:
2796:
2795:
2792:
2791:
2790:Sthapatyaveda
2787:
2785:
2784:
2783:Gandharvaveda
2780:
2778:
2777:
2773:
2771:
2770:
2766:
2765:
2761:
2757:
2756:
2753:
2752:
2748:
2746:
2745:
2744:Varaha Purana
2741:
2739:
2738:
2737:Skanda Purana
2734:
2732:
2731:
2727:
2725:
2724:
2720:
2718:
2717:
2713:
2711:
2710:
2706:
2704:
2703:
2699:
2697:
2696:
2692:
2690:
2689:
2685:
2683:
2682:
2678:
2676:
2675:
2674:Brahma Purana
2671:
2669:
2668:
2667:Garuda Purana
2664:
2662:
2661:
2660:Matsya Purana
2657:
2655:
2654:
2653:Vāmana Purana
2650:
2648:
2647:
2643:
2641:
2640:
2636:
2634:
2633:
2629:
2627:
2626:
2625:Vishnu Purana
2622:
2621:
2617:
2612:
2608:
2607:
2604:
2603:
2599:
2597:
2596:
2592:
2591:
2587:
2583:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2573:
2571:
2570:
2569:Bhagavad Gita
2566:
2565:
2561:
2557:
2556:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
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2516:
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2512:
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2507:
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2500:
2498:
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2279:
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2256:
2255:
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2240:
2238:
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2225:
2223:
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2208:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2152:Radhakrishnan
2150:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2132:Narayana Guru
2130:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2112:Jaggi Vasudev
2110:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2102:Chinmayananda
2100:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2079:
2073:
2072:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2056:
2054:
2051:
2049:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1984:
1981:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1963:Ramprasad Sen
1961:
1959:
1956:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1926:
1924:
1921:
1919:
1916:
1914:
1911:
1909:
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1899:
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1879:
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1839:
1836:
1834:
1831:
1829:
1826:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1816:
1814:
1813:Gorakshanatha
1811:
1809:
1806:
1804:
1801:
1799:
1796:
1794:
1791:
1789:
1786:
1784:
1781:
1779:
1776:
1774:
1771:
1769:
1766:
1764:
1761:
1759:
1756:
1754:
1753:Allama Prabhu
1751:
1749:
1748:Akka Mahadevi
1746:
1744:
1741:
1739:
1738:Abhinavagupta
1736:
1735:
1731:
1727:
1726:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1715:
1713:
1710:
1708:
1705:
1703:
1700:
1698:
1695:
1693:
1690:
1688:
1687:Prashastapada
1685:
1683:
1680:
1678:
1675:
1673:
1670:
1668:
1665:
1663:
1660:
1658:
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1610:
1606:
1605:
1602:
1597:
1596:
1589:
1586:
1582:
1579:
1578:
1577:
1574:
1570:
1567:
1565:
1562:
1560:
1557:
1556:
1555:
1552:
1551:
1547:Other schools
1545:
1544:
1539:
1538:
1534:
1532:
1531:
1527:
1525:
1524:
1523:Shuddhadvaita
1520:
1518:
1517:
1513:
1511:
1510:
1506:
1504:
1503:
1499:
1497:
1496:
1492:
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1477:
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1472:
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1465:
1462:
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1457:
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1449:
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1433:
1429:
1426:
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1411:
1409:
1406:
1404:
1401:
1399:
1396:
1394:
1391:
1389:
1386:
1384:
1381:
1379:
1376:
1374:
1371:
1369:
1366:
1364:
1361:
1357:
1354:
1352:
1349:
1347:
1344:
1343:
1342:
1339:
1337:
1334:
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1329:
1327:
1324:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1314:
1311:
1308:
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1301:
1298:
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1278:
1276:
1273:
1271:
1268:
1266:
1263:
1261:
1258:
1256:
1253:
1251:
1248:
1246:
1243:
1241:
1238:
1236:
1233:
1231:
1228:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1218:
1215:
1212:
1210:
1207:
1205:
1204:Kalaripayattu
1202:
1200:
1197:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1187:
1185:
1182:
1180:
1177:
1175:
1172:
1170:
1167:
1165:
1162:
1160:
1157:
1155:
1152:
1150:
1147:
1145:
1142:
1140:
1139:Bharatanatyam
1137:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1127:
1124:
1121:
1119:
1116:
1114:
1111:
1109:
1106:
1104:
1101:
1099:
1096:
1094:
1091:
1089:
1086:
1084:
1081:
1079:
1076:
1074:
1071:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1061:
1058:
1055:
1053:
1050:
1048:
1045:
1043:
1040:
1039:
1033:
1032:
1029:
1026:
1024:
1021:
1019:
1018:Nritta-Nritya
1016:
1014:
1011:
1009:
1006:
1004:
1001:
999:
996:
994:
991:
989:
986:
984:
981:
979:
976:
974:
971:
969:
966:
964:
961:
959:
956:
954:
951:
949:
946:
944:
941:
939:
936:
934:
931:
929:
926:
924:
921:
920:
915:
911:
910:
904:
903:
896:
893:
891:
888:
886:
883:
881:
878:
876:
873:
871:
868:
867:
863:
859:
858:
855:
852:
850:
847:
845:
842:
840:
837:
835:
832:
830:
827:
825:
822:
820:
817:
815:
812:
810:
807:
805:
802:
800:
797:
795:
792:
790:
787:
785:
782:
780:
777:
775:
772:
770:
767:
765:
762:
761:
755:
754:
751:
748:
746:
743:
741:
738:
736:
733:
731:
728:
726:
723:
721:
718:
716:
713:
711:
708:
706:
703:
701:
698:
696:
693:
690:
687:
685:
682:
680:
677:
675:
672:
671:
665:
664:
661:
658:
656:
653:
651:
648:
646:
643:
642:
639:
636:
635:
631:
627:
626:
623:
620:
618:
615:
613:
610:
609:
605:
601:
600:
597:
594:
592:
589:
587:
584:
582:
579:
578:
574:
570:
569:
566:
563:
561:
558:
556:
553:
551:
548:
547:
543:
539:
538:
535:
532:
530:
527:
525:
522:
521:
515:
514:
511:
508:
506:
503:
499:
496:
494:
491:
490:
489:
486:
485:
481:
477:
476:
473:
470:
468:
465:
463:
460:
458:
455:
453:
450:
449:
443:
442:
439:
436:
434:
431:
430:
424:
423:
420:
415:
414:
407:
404:
402:
399:
397:
394:
392:
389:
387:
384:
382:
379:
377:
374:
372:
369:
367:
364:
362:
359:
357:
354:
352:
349:
347:
344:
343:
340:
337:
336:
333:
330:
328:
325:
323:
320:
318:
315:
313:
310:
308:
305:
303:
300:
298:
295:
293:
290:
288:
285:
283:
280:
279:
276:
274:
270:
269:
265:
261:
256:
255:
252:
249:
247:
244:
242:
239:
238:
234:
230:
229:
226:
223:
221:
218:
216:
213:
212:
208:
204:
203:
200:
195:
194:
186:
185:
180:
179:
176:
173:
171:
168:
166:
163:
161:
158:
157:
151:
150:
147:
142:
141:
134:
131:
129:
126:
124:
121:
120:
119:
118:
112:
109:
107:
104:
102:
99:
97:
94:
92:
89:
87:
84:
78:
75:
74:
72:
64:
63:
58:
55:
53:
50:
49:
48:
47:
43:
39:
38:
35:
32:
31:
27:
23:
22:
19:
4328:
4312:
4273:
4242:
4230:
4218:
4206:
4197:
4184:Google Books
4177:
4154:Google Books
4152:, p. 89, at
4147:
4139:
4122:Google Books
4115:
4104:
4082:
4072:
4065:Paul Deussen
4060:
4047:
4038:
4034:
4000:
3988:
3976:
3959:
3946:
3939:Google Books
3932:
3909:
3890:
3857:
3808:
3767:
3733:Brahmacharya
3704:
3702:
3697:
3680:
3678:
3670:
3653:
3648:
3643:
3636:
3620:
3600:
3568:
3566:
3558:Brahmacharya
3555:
3526:
3522:
3512:
3502:
3498:
3494:
3490:
3486:
3482:
3478:
3476:
3466:
3462:
3460:
3454:
3452:
3441:
3435:
3431:
3429:
3404:
3403:
3402:
3325: /
3321: /
3317: /
3313: /
3311:and Buddhism
3309: /
3273:Architecture
3236:Other topics
3174:
3157:
3129:Four varnas:
3128:
3099:
3092:
3085:
3078:
3071:
3064:
3057:
3050:
3043:
3036:
3029:
3022:
3015:
3008:
2990:
2983:
2976:
2954:
2947:
2940:
2933:
2926:
2919:
2914:Panchatantra
2912:
2905:
2898:
2891:
2884:
2877:
2870:
2865:Nyāya Sūtras
2863:
2856:
2849:
2842:
2835:
2828:
2823:Artha Śastra
2821:
2814:
2788:
2781:
2774:
2767:
2749:
2742:
2735:
2730:Kūrma Purana
2728:
2723:Linga Purana
2721:
2716:Shiva Purana
2714:
2707:
2702:Padma Purana
2700:
2693:
2686:
2679:
2672:
2665:
2658:
2651:
2644:
2637:
2630:
2623:
2600:
2593:
2578:s (Hinduism)
2575:
2567:
2508:
2501:
2494:
2488:Atharvaveda:
2487:
2478:
2471:
2464:
2455:
2448:
2441:
2434:
2427:
2420:
2413:
2404:
2397:
2390:
2352:
2343:
2336:
2329:
2322:
2202:Shraddhanand
2177:Ravi Shankar
2157:R. D. Ranade
2018:Śyāma Śastri
2013:Swaminarayan
1973:Rupa Goswami
1883:Morya Gosavi
1843:Jiva Goswami
1743:Adi Shankara
1569:Pratyabhijña
1535:
1528:
1521:
1514:
1507:
1500:
1493:
1300:Samavartanam
1280:Vidyāraṃbhaṃ
1265:Annaprashana
1189:Dandiya Raas
1164:Mohiniyattam
1057:Nididhyāsana
862:Epistemology
794:Brahmacharya
674:Ātman (self)
637:
585:
581:Brahmacharya
510:Saccidānanda
462:Panchikarana
338:
271:
262: /
258:Other major
182:
116:
115:
70:
18:
4307:Section XCI
4279:pages 83-95
3738:Vanaprastha
3562:Vanaprastha
3531:Purushartha
3467:Brahmachari
3437:Vānaprastha
3319:and Judaism
3315:and Sikhism
3283:Iconography
3208:Nationalism
3201:Persecution
2985:Shiva Stuti
2879:Yoga Sutras
2709:Agni Purana
2611:Other texts
2602:Mahabharata
2345:Atharvaveda
2242:Vivekananda
2167:Rama Tirtha
2162:Ramakrishna
2137:Nigamananda
2127:Mahesh Yogi
2003:Sripadaraja
1993:Siddheshwar
1888:Mukundarāja
1868:Madhusūdana
1858:Kanaka Dasa
1778:Chakradhara
1722:Yajnavalkya
1712:Vishvamitra
1581:Pancharatra
1479:Vaisheshika
1435:Ratha Yatra
1383:Janmashtami
1378:Rama Navami
1295:Ritushuddhi
1270:Chudakarana
1260:Nishkramana
1230:Garbhadhana
1199:Pandav Lila
1108:Bhakti yoga
993:Prāyaścitta
764:Niti śastra
612:Bhakti yoga
591:Vānaprastha
406:Vishvakarma
339:Post-Vedic:
175:Vaishnavism
117:Traditional
4358:Categories
4289:Chapter 63
4258:Original:
4172:ManuSmriti
4170:Original:
4144:Max Muller
4110:ManuSmriti
4108:Original:
4012:, page 435
3786:References
3645:Manusmriti
3597:Literature
3509:Discussion
3489:(गृह) and
3159:Varna-less
3031:Tiruppukal
2992:Vayu Stuti
2956:Panchadasi
2949:Swara yoga
2837:Kama Sutra
2776:Dhanurveda
2436:Taittiriya
2414:Yajurveda:
2406:Kaushitaki
2383:Upanishads
2375:Upanishads
2299:Scriptures
2147:Prabhupada
2063:Vidyaranya
1948:Ram Charan
1923:Prabhākara
1838:Jayatīrtha
1788:Dadu Dayal
1783:Chāngadeva
1642:Bharadwaja
1632:Ashtavakra
1398:Kumbh Mela
1346:Durga Puja
1275:Karnavedha
1255:Nāmakaraṇa
1184:Yakshagana
1113:Karma yoga
1103:Jnana yoga
1098:Hatha yoga
1035:Meditation
1008:Tirthadana
789:Aparigraha
645:Paramātman
630:Liberation
622:Karma yoga
617:Jnana yoga
346:Dattatreya
146:Traditions
71:Historical
4223:satyAnRta
4134:, page 28
4098:702663294
3840:, page 28
3713:Adi Parva
3705:Grihastha
3583:) in fire
3483:grha-stha
3473:Etymology
3333:Criticism
3327:and Islam
3288:Mythology
3141:Kshatriya
3073:Athichudi
3010:Tirumurai
2928:Tirumurai
2537:Vyākaraṇa
2473:Chandogya
2465:Samaveda:
2353:Divisions
2331:Yajurveda
2291:Ātmatuṣṭi
2247:Yogananda
2222:Trailanga
2217:Sivananda
2082:Aurobindo
2068:Vyasaraja
2033:Tyagaraja
1983:Sankardev
1953:Ramananda
1848:Jñāneśvar
1823:Harivansh
1808:Gaudapada
1768:Chaitanya
1707:Vashistha
1677:Patanjali
1657:Jamadagni
1576:Vaishnava
1564:Pashupata
1341:Navaratri
1318:Festivals
1285:Upanayana
1250:Jatakarma
1235:Pumsavana
1154:Kuchipudi
1149:Kathakali
1118:Rāja yoga
1052:Samādhāna
933:Prarthana
907:Practices
834:Svādhyāya
438:Mythology
433:Cosmology
426:Worldview
371:Kartikeya
302:Prajapati
241:Saraswati
4369:Ashramas
4235:zvavRtti
3801:gRhastha
3776:Gahattha
3770:Buddhism
3743:Sannyasa
3721:See also
3710:—
3686:—
3681:Gṛhastha
3569:Gṛhastha
3551:Sannyasa
3503:Gṛhastha
3479:grhastha
3463:Gṛhastha
3455:Gṛhastha
3443:Sannyasa
3421:celibacy
3410:Sanskrit
3405:Gṛhastha
3346:Glossary
3278:Calendar
3213:Hindutva
3136:Brahmana
2807:samhitas
2799:Shastras
2769:Ayurveda
2760:Upavedas
2595:Ramayana
2586:Itihasas
2552:Jyotisha
2519:Vedangas
2503:Mandukya
2399:Aitareya
2391:Rigveda:
2370:Aranyaka
2365:Brahmana
2338:Samaveda
2053:Valluvar
2048:Vallabha
2028:Tulsidas
1958:Ramanuja
1908:Nayanars
1893:Namadeva
1730:Medieval
1672:Kashyapa
1588:Charvaka
1559:Kapalika
1423:Puthandu
1413:Vaisakhi
1310:Antyesti
1290:Keshanta
1214:Adimurai
1209:Silambam
1174:Sattriya
1159:Manipuri
844:Mitahara
824:Santosha
784:Achourya
596:Sannyasa
586:Gṛhastha
445:Ontology
419:Concepts
207:Trimurti
170:Smartism
165:Shaktism
160:Shaivism
34:Hinduism
26:a series
24:Part of
4283:179-182
4211:pramRta
4090:page 3;
4077:374-377
3667:Puranas
3627:Brahman
3493:(स्थ).
3425:dharmic
3351:Outline
3146:Vaishya
3114:Society
2965:Stotras
2616:Puranas
2542:Nirukta
2532:Chandas
2527:Shiksha
2510:Prashna
2496:Mundaka
2360:Samhita
2324:Rigveda
2187:Samarth
2023:Tukaram
1968:Ravidas
1702:Valmiki
1652:Jaimini
1622:Angiras
1617:Agastya
1609:Ancient
1495:Advaita
1489:Vedanta
1484:Mīmāṃsā
1464:Samkhya
1351:Ramlila
1093:Sādhanā
983:Tarpana
968:Kīrtana
963:Bhajana
914:Worship
839:Shaucha
814:Akrodha
660:Saṃsāra
524:Ishvara
493:Nirguna
488:Brahman
452:Tattvas
376:Krishna
361:Hanuman
356:Ganesha
292:Chandra
287:Ashvins
251:Parvati
246:Lakshmi
233:Tridevi
199:Deities
106:Śramaṇa
86:History
67:Origins
57:History
4320:
4130:
4096:
4008:
3967:
3897:
3865:
3836:
3779:(Pali)
3763:Moksha
3748:Dharma
3612:ahimsa
3547:Moksha
3535:Dharma
3523:stages
3448:Dharma
3432:Asrama
3151:Shudra
2969:stutis
2805:, and
2803:sutras
2457:Maitri
2182:Ramdas
2075:Modern
2008:Surdas
1873:Madhva
1793:Eknath
1763:Basava
1758:Alvars
1692:Raikva
1682:Pāṇini
1667:Kapila
1662:Kanada
1647:Gotama
1554:Shaiva
1502:Dvaita
1403:Pongal
1326:Diwali
1305:Vivaha
1169:Odissi
1144:Kathak
1083:Yogini
1047:Dhyana
998:Tirtha
953:Bhakti
943:Temple
938:Śrauta
819:Arjava
779:Ahimsa
774:Niyama
757:Ethics
565:Moksha
550:Dharma
498:Saguna
396:Shakti
381:Kubera
327:Varuna
307:Pushan
220:Vishnu
215:Brahma
52:Hindus
3753:Artha
3694:Epics
3661:Amrta
3539:Artha
3527:goals
3515:Hindu
3414:Hindu
3168:Dalit
3121:Varna
3038:Kural
2576:Agama
2547:Kalpa
2443:Katha
2315:Vedas
2286:Ācāra
2281:Smṛti
2276:Śruti
2260:Texts
1853:Kabir
1717:Vyasa
1627:Aruni
1474:Nyaya
1428:Vishu
1408:Ugadi
1088:Asana
1073:Sadhu
1042:Tapas
1013:Matha
1003:Yatra
988:Vrata
973:Yajna
948:Murti
829:Tapas
804:Damah
799:Satya
769:Yamas
655:Karma
555:Artha
472:Guṇas
386:Radha
351:Durga
322:Ushas
317:Surya
312:Rudra
297:Indra
273:Vedic
264:Devis
260:Devas
225:Shiva
4318:ISBN
4281:and
4128:ISBN
4094:OCLC
4006:ISBN
3993:stha
3981:gRha
3965:ISBN
3895:ISBN
3863:ISBN
3834:ISBN
3758:Kama
3671:The
3605:and
3601:The
3581:ghee
3543:Kama
3495:Grha
3491:stha
3487:grha
3182:Jāti
2967:and
2480:Kena
2429:Isha
1637:Atri
1469:Yoga
1418:Bihu
1388:Onam
1331:Holi
1131:Arts
1078:Yogi
1065:Yoga
1028:Sevā
1023:Dāna
978:Homa
958:Japa
928:Ārtī
923:Puja
849:Dāna
809:Dayā
667:Mind
650:Maya
560:Kama
401:Sita
391:Rama
366:Kali
332:Vayu
282:Agni
184:List
3768:In
3657:Ṛta
3614:),
3499:sth
517:God
4360::
4296:^
4251:^
4161:^
4146:,
4039:83
4037:.
4033:.
4017:^
3918:^
3889:.
3877:^
3845:^
3817:^
3793:^
3533:-
2801:,
505:Om
28:on
4285:;
3903:.
3871:.
3408:(
3392:e
3385:t
3378:v
3161::
275::
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