2797:. In a shock outcome, Le Pen outperformed Jospin (by 0.7%) in the 1st round, placing second and advancing to the runoff. This resulted in the first presidential run-off since 1969 without a leftist candidate and the first ever with a candidate from the far-right. To Le Pen's advantage, the election campaign had increasingly focused on law-and-order issues, helped by media attention on a number of violent incidents. Jospin had also been weakened due to the competition between an exceptional number of leftist parties. Nevertheless, Chirac did not even have to campaign in the second round, as widespread anti-Le Pen protests from the media and public opinion culminated on
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concerning her loan requests. Since
November 2014, she insists that if a French bank agrees to give her a loan, she would break her contract with the FCBR, but she has not received any other counter-propositions. Le Pen accused the banks of collusion with the government. In April 2015, a Russian hacker group published texts and emails between Timur Prokopenko, a member of Putin's administration, and Konstantin Rykov, a former Duma deputy with ties to France, discussing Russian financial support to the National Front in exchange for its support of
410:
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it saw a drop to around 5% in some late 2000s elections. Since 2010, the party's support seems to have increased towards its former heights. The party managed to advance to the final round of the 2002 French presidential election, although it failed to attract much more support after the initial first round vote. In the late 2000s the party suffered decline in elections. Under Marine Le Pen's presidency the party has increased its vote share significantly. The
National Front came first in a national election for the first time during the
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2338:(National Front of Youth; FNJ). The rhetoric used in the campaign stressed old, far-right themes and was largely uninspiring to the electorate at the time. Otherwise, its official program at this point was relatively moderate, differing little from the mainstream right's. Le Pen sought the "total fusion" of the currents in the party, and warned against "crude activism." The FNJ were banned from the party later that year. The move towards the mainstream cost it many leading members and much of its militant base.
63:
2524:, the FN won 11% of the vote and ten seats, in a contest that was considered to have a low level of importance by the public, which played to the party's advantage. The FN, notably, made inroads in both right-wing and left-wing constituencies, and finished 2nd in a number of towns. While many Socialists had arguably exploited the party in order to divide the right, Mitterrand later conceded that he had underestimated Le Pen. By July, 17% of opinion poll respondents held a positive opinion of the FN.
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17572:
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5022:. As the party gained growing support from the economically vulnerable, it converted towards politics of social welfare and economic protectionism. This was part of its shift away from its former claim of being the "social, popular, and national right" to its claim of being "neither right nor left – French!" Increasingly, the party's program became an amalgam of free market and welfarist policies. By the 2010s, some political commentators described its economic policies as left-wing.
6110:
2054:" of the party by softening its image and trying to frame the party as being neither right nor left. She endeavoured to extract it from its far-right roots, as well as censuring controversial members like her father, who was suspended and then expelled from the party in 2015. Following her election as the leader of the party in 2011, the popularity of the FN grew. By 2015, the FN had established itself as a major political party in France. Sources traditionally label the party as
4712:
1840:
2703:. Le Pen then declared that his party would implement its "national preference" policy, with the risk of provoking the central government and being at odds with the laws of the Republic. The FN's elected representatives pursued interventionist policies with regards to the new cultural complexion of their towns by directly influencing artistic events, cinema schedules, and library holdings, as well as cutting or halting subsidies for multicultural associations. The party won
2732:
17596:
17584:
3083:, the FN received 13.02% of the vote, a little lower than the 13.07% of the 2012 elections. The party appeared to have suffered from a demobilisation of its voters from the previous vote. Nonetheless, eight deputies (six FN and two affiliated) were elected, the best number for the FN in a parliamentary election using a majoritarian electoral system since its creation. Marine Le Pen was elected to the National Assembly for the first time, while
17619:
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17500:
3215:, the party received 18.68% of the votes in the first round and won 89 seats in the second round, a significant increase from the previous total of 8 seats. The 89 seats enabled the National Rally to form a parliamentary group, for which at least 15 deputies are required, for the first time since 1986, when the national assembly was elected by proportional voting. The result made the party the 3rd largest party in the assembly and the largest
5269:. The National Front denounces anti-Russian feelings in Eastern Europe and the submission of Western Europe to "Washington's" interests in the region. Marine Le Pen is very critical against the threats of sanctions directed by the international community against Russia: "European countries should seek a solution through diplomacy rather than making threats that could lead to an escalation." She argues that the United States is leading a
2819:
2758:, favoured tactical cooperation with a weakened centre-right following the left's victory, Le Pen rejected any such "compromise." In the tenth FN national congress in 1997, Mégret stepped up his position in the party as its rising star and a potential leader following Le Pen. Le Pen however refused to designate Mégret as his successor-elect, and instead made his wife Jany the leader of the FN list for the upcoming European election.
2560:, who had joined the party after its 1984 success. The RPR won a majority with smaller, centre-right parties, and thus avoided the need to deal with the FN. Although FN was unable to exercise any real political influence, the party could project an image of political legitimacy. Several of its legislative proposals were controversial and had a socially reactionary and xenophobic character, among them attempts to restore the
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3027:. While some of these cities were in southern France (like Fréjus) which traditionally votes more for right-wing parties than the rest of the country, others were located in northern France, where Socialist Party had been strong until the 2010s. Following these elections, the National Front had, in cities of over 1,000 inhabitants, 1,546 and 459 councilors at two different levels of local government.
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5327:, but not heavy weapons that would make France a "co-belligerent" in the conflict. Similarly, Bardella has expressed support for defense equipment, ammunition and logistical assistance to Ukraine, but maintains opposition to giving long-range missiles to Ukraine or deploying French soldiers there. He is also opposed to Ukrainian NATO membership, suggesting it could escalate the war.
2517:
appearance in a monthly poll of political popularity, in which 9% of respondents held a "positive opinion" of the FN and some support for Le Pen personally. The next month, Le Pen was, for the first time, invited on a prime-time television interview programme, which he himself later deemed "the hour that changed everything".
16394:"News: Morawiecki inviting Orbán's Fidesz and Le Pen's National Rally to join Law and Justice's group in European Parliament. The common goal is "to save Europe" and "the ECR will most likely accept everyone who agrees against the dominant liberal and left-wing groups that are on course to destroy Europe," says Morawiecki"
2769:, with a vision of building bridges to the parliamentary right. Many had also been particularly influential in intellectualising the FN's policies on immigration, identity, and "national preference". Following the split, Le Pen denounced them as "extremist" and "racist". Support for the two parties was almost equal in the
3152:". Bannon advised the party members to "Let them call you racist, let them call you xenophobes, let them call you nativists. Wear it like a badge of honor. Because every day, we get stronger and they get weaker. ... History is on our side and will bring us victory." Bannon's remarks brought the members to their feet.
2597:. With his entourage, Le Pen traversed France for the entire period and, helped by Mégret, employed an American-style campaign. Le Pen's presidential campaign was highly successful; no candidates came close to rival his ability to excite audiences at rallies and boost ratings at television appearances. Using a
5447:
about the fact that some of her
European senior colleagues had formed alliances with, and visited, some Israeli settlers and groups, Marine Le Pen said: "The shared concern about radical Islam explains the relationship ... but it is possible that behind it is also the need of the visitors from Europe
5296:
said that the
Russian government considered the National Front "capable of seizing power in France and changing the course of European history in Moscow's favour." According to the French media, party leaders had frequent contact with Russian ambassador Alexander Orlov and Marine Le Pen made multiple
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centre-right. In the 2010s, the party attempted to "de-demonise" its image and changed its name to
National Rally. A 2022 Kanar survey found that 46% of French voters saw Marine Le Pen as "representing a patriotic Right attached to traditional values", although 50% saw her as "a danger to democracy".
5847:
was critical of the FN, claiming that the FN's association with "anti-Semitism and general prejudice" made it impossible for UKIP to join Le Pen's efforts for a united right-wing populist
European Parliament group despite an invitation from PVV leader Wilders. In 2017, Marine Le Pen met with and was
5464:
and always defended Israel's right to exist". She has opposed the emigration of French Jews to Israel in response to radical Islam, explaining: "The Jews of France are
Frenchmen, they're at home here, and they must stay here and not emigrate. The country is obligated to provide solutions against the
4848:
The FN has changed considerably since its foundation, pursuing the principles of modernisation and pragmatism, and adapting to the changing political climate. Its message increasingly influenced mainstream political parties, and some commentators described it as right-wing, moving closer towards the
2516:
Le Pen protested the "media boycott" against his party by sending letters to
President Mitterrand in mid-1982. Following an exchange of letters with Le Pen, Mitterrand instructed the heads of the main television channels to give equitable coverage to the FN. In January 1984, the party made its first
2447:
to national power for the first time in the Fifth
Republic; Mitterrand immediately dissolved the National Assembly and called a snap legislative election. With only three weeks to prepare its campaign, the FN fielded only a limited number of candidates and won only 0.2% of the national vote. The PFN
6420:
The
National Front was a marginal party in 1973, the first election it participated in, but the party made its breakthrough in the 1984 European Parliament election, where it won 11% of the vote and ten MEPs. Following this election, the party's support mostly ranged from around 10 to 15%, although
5355:
The party's stance on NATO has varied throughout the years. Under Jean-Marie Le Pen's leadership, the party advocated a complete withdrawal from the organization, while under Marine Le Pen's leadership, the party has softened its stance to instead advocate leaving NATO's integrated military command
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Jean-Marie Le Pen announced in September 2008 that he would retire as FN president in 2010. Le Pen's daughter Marine Le Pen and FN executive vice-president Bruno Gollnisch campaigned to succeed Le Pen, with Marine's candidacy backed by her father. On 15 January 2011, it was announced that Marine Le
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from the Russian government but a loan from a private Russian bank because no other bank would give her a loan. This loan is meant to prepare future electoral campaigns and to be repaid progressively. Marine Le Pen has publicly disclosed all the rejection letters that French banks have sent to her
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in a demonstration of 1.5 million participants across France. Chirac also refused to debate with Le Pen, and the traditional televised debate was cancelled. In the end, Chirac won the presidential run-off with an unprecedented 82.2% of the vote, with 71% of his votes—according to polls—cast simply
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Lechevalier said that most National Front politicians, and most of its leaders, held similar views as the GI. But they had to hide them from voters, she said. "We need the greatest number of people to come to our side to obtain the highest vote, in order to win,' she said. 'Then we can do what we
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Under Jordan Bardella, the RN has adopted some more pro-market policies, including lower taxes, and simplification of industrial norms. Bardella advocated an audit of public finances as a precursor to determining the 2025 budget. Bardella has sought to use these policies to court business support
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Le Pen's campaign for the presidential election unofficially began in the months following the 1986 election. To promote his statesmanship credentials, he made trips to South East Asia, the United States, and Africa. The management of the formal campaign, launched in April 1987, was entrusted to
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In France, parties have to secure support from a specific number of elected officials, from a specific number of departments, in order to be eligible to run for election. In 1976, the number of required elected officials was increased fivefold from the 1974 presidential cycle, and the number of
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in the late 1980s, some valuable FN politicians left the party. Soon, other quarrels left the party without its remaining member of the National Assembly. In November 1988, general secretary Jean-Pierre Stirbois, who, together with his wife Marie-France, had been instrumental in the FN's early
2512:
in October 1983, the FN won 17% of the vote. With the choice of defeat to the political left or dealing with the FN, the local RPR and UDF agreed to form an alliance with the FN, causing a national sensation; together, they won the second round with 55% of the vote. The events in Dreux were a
2013:
was its founder and leader until his resignation in 2011. While its influence was marginal until 1984, the party's role as a nationalist electoral force has grown considerably. It has put forward a candidate at every presidential election but one since 1974. In the 2002 presidential election,
2483:
While the French party system had been dominated by polarisation and competition between the clear-cut ideological alternatives of two political blocs in the 1970s, the two blocs had largely moved towards the centre by the mid-1980s. This led many voters to perceive the blocs as more or less
4927:(immigrants minus emigrants) of 10,000 in France per year. Since 2017, that yearly net immigration rate was around 182,000 if one takes into account only people born abroad from non-French parents, but was around 44,000 if one includes also the departures and returns of French expatriates.
2941:, opinion polls showed Marine Le Pen as a serious challenger, with a few polls even suggesting that she could win the first round of the election. In the event, Le Pen came 3rd in the first round, scoring 17.9% – the best showing ever in a presidential election for the FN at that time.
2425:, the PFN became part of an attempt to build a "Euro-Right" alliance of the continent's far-right parties, and was in the end the only one of the two that contested the election. It fielded Jean-Louis Tixier-Vignancour as its primary candidate, while Le Pen called for voter abstention.
5879:
after he compared her to Le Pen, while Le Pen criticised Meloni's illegal immigration policies. However, in early 2024, Le Pen and Meloni made overtures to one another, declining to rule out future cooperation between their parties. In July 2024, Meloni praised Le Pen's alliance with
14342:
2299:(MSI), which at the time appeared to establish a broad coalition of the Italian hard right. The FN adopted a French version of the MSI tricolour flame as its logo. ON wanted to unite the various French far-right currents, and brought together "nationals" of Le Pen's group and
13490:
Le Pen said she and Wilders differ in their approach to Islam. 'I am against the visibility of Islam in society. We have a tradition of a strict division between church and state so I think religious symbolism has no place in the street. But I have nothing against Islam per
2022:
was elected to succeed him as party leader in 2012. She temporarily stepped down in 2017 in order to concentrate on her presidential candidacy; she resumed her leadership after the election. She headed the party until 2021, when she temporarily resigned again. A year later,
2432:, both Le Pen and Pascal Gauchon of the PFN declared their intentions to run. However, an increased requirement regarding obtaining signatures of support from elected officials had been introduced for the election, which left both Le Pen and Gauchon unable to participate.
2919:
Pen had received the two-thirds vote needed to become the new leader of the FN. She embarked on a project to transform the FN into a "mainstream party" by softening its xenophobic image. Opinion polls showed the party's popularity increase under Marine Le Pen, and in the
4930:
In 2022, Marine Le Pen proposed an end to “family reunification” rights for foreigners with residency permits and the end to the right to automatic citizenship for children born in France to foreigners living there. She also supported a referendum on immigration policy.
2527:
By the early 1980s, the FN featured a mosaic of ideological tendencies and attracted figures who were previously resistant to the party. The party managed to draw supporters from the mainstream right, including some high-profile defectors from the RPR, the UDF, and the
5696:
parties. Having failed to cooperate in the European Parliament, Le Pen sought in the mid-1990s to initiate contacts with other far-right parties, including from non-EU countries. The FN drew most support in Central and Eastern Europe, and Le Pen visited the Turkish
3051:, finishing first with 24.86% of the vote and 24 of France's 74 seats. This was said to be "the first time the anti-immigrant, anti-EU party had won a nationwide election in its four-decade history." The party's success came as a "shock" in France and the EU.
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for "fighting radical Islam", stating that Egypt's "ability to separate extremist Islam from the religion sets an example to the rest of the world, including France, of how to deal with poisonous ideologies". The party has also favourably contrasted the
12591:
5432:. The leader of the party, Marine Le Pen, distanced herself for a time from the party machine in protest at her father's comments. In response to her father's remarks, Marine Le Pen referred to the Holocaust as the "abomination of abominations".
9600:
8901:
2357:." Despite being the only nationalist candidate, he failed to gain the support of the whole of the far-right, as the various groups either rallied behind other candidates or called for voter abstention. The campaign further lost ground when the
2773:, as the FN polled its lowest national score since 1984 with just 5.7%, and the MNR won 3.3%. The effects of the split, and competition from more moderate nationalists, resulted in their combined support being lower than the FN result of 1984.
14800:
13627:
4912:
After the 1999 split, the FN cultivated a more moderate image on immigration and Islam, no longer calling for the systematic repatriation of legal immigrants but still supporting the deportation of illegal, criminal or unemployed immigrants.
4876:
Marine Le Pen rescinded the party's traditional support for the death penalty with her 2017 campaign launch, instead announcing support for imprisonment "in perpetuity" for the "worst crimes" in February 2017. In 2022, she proposed to hold a
2579:
held on the same day, FN won 137 seats, and gained representation in 21 of the 22 French regional councils. The RPR depended on FN support to win presidencies in some regional councils, and the FN won vice-presidential posts in four regions.
2544:
were also accepted in the party, as Le Pen urged the need for "reconciliation", arguing that forty years after the war the only important question was whether or not "they wish to serve their country". The FN won 8.7% overall support in the
2492:) of 1983, in turn inducing them to seek out to new political alternatives. By October 1982, Le Pen supported the prospect of deals with the mainstream right, provided that the FN did not have to soften its position on "key issues." In the
3137:. However, the name change faced opposition from an already-existing party named "Rassemblement national", whose president, Igor Kurek, described it as "Gaullist and republican right": the party had previously registered its name with the
9426:
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5273:
against Russia. She sees no other solution for peace in Ukraine than to organise a kind of federation that would allow each region to have a large degree of autonomy. She thinks Ukraine should be sovereign and free as any other nation.
2750:. The result showed that the party had become established enough to compete without its leader, who had decided not to run, in order to focus on the 2002 presidential election. Although it won only one seat in the National Assembly, in
2508:, where Le Pen was elected to the local council with 11% of the vote. |Subsequent by-elections kept media attention on the party, which was for the first time able to pose as a viable component of the broader right. In a by-election in
5513:, a far-right group. In secretly taped conversations, RN leaders endorsed goals of Generation Identity and discussed plans to "remigrate" immigrants, effectively sending them back to their countries of origin, if the RN came to power.
2834:, in part in an attempt to reduce the FN's influence in regional councils. The FN won 15.1% of the vote in metropolitan France, almost the same as in 1998, but its number of councillors was almost halved due to the new system. For the
2327:, Algerian War veterans, and some monarchists, among others. Le Pen was chosen to be the first president of the party, as he was untainted with the militant public image of the ON and was a relatively moderate figure in the far-right.
12206:
9257:
Lebourg, Nicolas; Preda, Jonathan (15 May 2013). "Ordre Nouveau, fin des illusions droitières et matrice activiste du premier Front national" [New Order, end of illusions and the activist matrix of the first National Front].
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shared his views, prompting a rebuke by President Macron. Chikli later described his relations with the RN, stating it was "natural that conservative leaders will have good relations with conservative leaders all across the globe".
5202:, criticising Macron's attempts to deepen ties with Algeria. In January 2023, the National Rally was one of only four parties in the European Parliament that voted against a resolution condemning Morocco's treatment of journalist
2564:, expel foreigners who "proportionally committed more crimes than the French", restrict naturalisation, introduce a "national preference" for employment, impose taxes on the hiring of foreigners by French companies, and privatise
2722:
allowance for babies born to at least one parent of French (or EU) nationality. The measure was ruled illegal by a court, whicn also sentenced her to a suspended prison sentence, a fine, and a two-year ban from public office.
8484:
5473:
In November 2014, Marine Le Pen confirmed that the party had received a €9 million loan from the First Czech Russian Bank (FCRB) in Moscow to the National Front. Senior FN officials from the party's political bureau informed
9737:
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programme which included lower taxes, reducing state intervention, reducing the size of the public sector, privatisation, and scaling back government bureaucracy. Some scholars have characterised the FN's 1978 programme as
15787:
2349:, were shared by most of the mainstream right. Other FN issues included calls for increased French birth rates, immigration reduction (although this was downplayed), establishment of a professional army, abrogation of the
2112:
in a landslide with 31.4% of the votes. This caused Macron to announce a snap election to try to garner more support for his party, Ensemble. Later that month, an RN-led right-wing coalition topped the first round of the
2556:, the FN took advantage of the new, proportional representation system and won 9.8% of the vote and 35 seats in the National Assembly. Many of these seats were filled by a new wave of "respectable" political operatives,
15186:
15096:
9704:
5428:, but historians could discuss the number of deaths. As to the existence of gas chambers, it is up to historians to determine." Jean-Marie Le Pen was fined for these remarks, but Gollnisch was found not guilty by the
14387:
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on energy and essential products. The party has supported public services, protectionism, and economic intervention, and opposed the increase in the fuel tax in 2018, and the increase in the retirement age in 2023.
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11822:
11549:
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le mouvement lepéniste peut être à juste titre considéré comme le modèle prototypique de la « nouvelle » droite radicale populiste paneuropéenne, variante contemporaine de l'extrême droite traditionnelle
2668:. Following that success, surveys found that French public opinion was largely negative towards Islam. In a 1989 legislative by-election in Dreux, FN candidate Marie-France Stirbois, campaigning mostly on an anti-
9768:
11848:
9317:
5875:(FdI) from 2013 onwards, the relationship between the RN and FdI became strained in 2022, after Meloni publicly declined to support Le Pen's 2022 presidential bid. In 2023, Meloni complained to French President
5391:
The party advocates referendums on key issues such as the death penalty, immigration policy, and constitutional change. In 2022, Marine Le Pen stated: "I want the referendum to become a classic operating tool."
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13779:
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11264:
5058:, but has stated that climate change is "not the priority" of the party. The party is against measures to tackle climate change and protecting the environment. The National Rally has proposed abolition of the
4908:
Since its early years, the party has called for immigration to be reduced. The theme of exclusion of non-European immigrants was brought into the party in 1978 and became increasingly important in the 1980s.
2058:. However, some media outlets have started to refer to the party as "right-wing populist" or "nationalist right" instead, arguing that it has substantially moderated from its years under Jean-Marie Le Pen.
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5888:
during the 2024 French legislative election, congratulated the RN on its success in the first round of the election, and expressed preference for the right-wing alliance in the second round of the election.
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9482:
5086:
had 19.6%. Women voters in France were traditionally more attracted to mainstream conservative parties than the radical right until the 2000s. The proportion of women in the party has risen to 39% by 2017.
3296:
Based on their first round performance, the RN will receive around €15 million per year in government subsidies for the next five years: each vote in the first round was worth €1.61 per year to the party.
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16900:
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that the German occupation of France "was not particularly inhumane, even if there were a few blunders, inevitable in a country of 640,000 square kilometres (250,000 sq. mi.)" and in 1987 referred to the
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2857:, reached the runoff -where she was defeated by the Socialist incumbent. These electoral defeats partly accounted for the party's financial problems. Le Pen announced the sale of the FN headquarters in
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parties on a platform of refusing military aid to Ukraine, anti-immigration, and pro-"traditional family" values. The group, the third largest in the parliament, also includes members from the Flemish
16324:
14792:
13063:
3293:. Together, these parties secured the largest share of the vote in the first round with 33.15% of the vote. More voters who reported struggling financially voted for the RN than for any other party.
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5950:. The delegation was not sanctioned by the European Parliament, and consisted mostly of right-wing populist politicians including MEPs from Vox, AfD, the Northern League, Vlaams Belang, the British
16447:
16242:
11970:
3069:, Marine Le Pen announced that she would temporarily step down as the party's leader in an attempt to "unite voters." In the second round of voting, Le Pen was defeated 66.1% to 33.9% by her rival
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9422:
12148:
16602:
8768:
Williams, Michelle Hale (January 2011). "A new era for French far right politics? Comparing the FN under two Le Pens and The Impact of Radical Right-Wing Parties in West European Democracies".
5738:(EAF). The EAF is a pan-European sovereigntist platform founded late 2010 that is recognised by the European Parliament. The EAF has individual members linked to the Austrian Freedom Party of
2865:, and of his personal armoured car. In 2008, a French court handed Le Pen a three-month suspended sentence and a €10,000 fine for remarks he made in 2005 that contravened France's law against
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During Jean-Marie Le Pen's presidency, the party has also been active in establishing extra-parliamentary confederations. During the FN's 1997 national congress, the FN established the loose
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stated, "It's remarkable that a political party from the motherland of freedom can be funded by Putin's sphere—the largest European enemy of freedom." Marine Le Pen argued that it was not a
4841:) interpretations of the "people", they claim to defend the "average Frenchman" and "common sense", against the "betrayal of inevitably corrupt elites". The party has been also described as
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platform, returned a symbolic FN presence to the National Assembly. By the early 1990s, some mainstream politicians began also employing anti-immigration rhetoric. In the first round of the
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made public a report of Le Pen's alleged involvement in torture during his time in Algeria. In his first participation in a presidential election, Le Pen won only 0.8% of the national vote.
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Sa "mémoire" se structure autour de deux motifs: la violence de masse, et l'intégration de l'extrême droite au jeu politique avec la création par Ordre Nouveau du Front National en 1972.
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Since their entry into the European Parliament in 1979, the National Rally has promoted a message of being pro-Europe, but anti-EU. However, in 2019, the proposal that France leave the
2405:. Following the death of Duprat in a bomb attack in 1978, the revolutionary nationalists left the party, while Stirbois became Le Pen's deputy as his solidarists effectively ousted the
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14744:
12329:
11783:
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3193:, political commentators noted an increased moderation in the FN's platform that aimed to attract conservative voters, as well as a new image being promoted by the party as a force of
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and the EU was removed from the party's manifesto, which has since called for "reform from within" of the union. The party advocates that EU legislation should be initiated by the
16575:
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13756:
8972:
13357:'Immigration: Le FN précise ses objectifs chiffrés (et ça change beaucoup)' ('FN defines more precisely its numerical immigration objectives (and that makes a great difference))'
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9541:
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2117:
with a record 33.2% of the votes. On 7 July, the RN also won the popular vote (37.06%) in the second round of the snap election, but only won the third highest number of seats.
15088:
19464:
16429:
14826:
14444:
8349:
4901:
19045:
16135:
14409:
9696:
5734:, announced deeper cooperation between their parties. Pursuing her de-demonisation policy, in October 2011, Marine Le Pen, as new president of the National Front, joined the
2923:
the party won 15% of the overall vote (up from 4.5% in 2008). However, due to the French electoral system, the party only won 2 of the 2,026 seats that were up for election.
2754:, it advanced to the second round in 132 constituencies. The FN was arguably more influential at that time than it had been in 1986 with its 35 seats. While Bruno Mégret and
17:
16220:
15869:
15761:
14383:
13443:
13005:
12404:
11760:
8855:
14591:
13296:
11539:
8999:
14877:
14246:
11818:
11674:
8876:
16777:
6429:
the party advanced to the second round of the election for the second time, and doubled the percentage it received in the 2002 presidential election, earning 34%. In the
6243:
Jordan Bardella became acting president of the party after Marine Le Pen launched her presidential campaign in September 2021. He was elected president in November 2022.
19616:
17448:
9760:
2620:. In the election, the party retained its 9.8% support from the previous legislative election, but was reduced to a single seat in the National Assembly. Following some
14573:
12303:
9307:
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13884:
11993:
11254:
16810:
15343:
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3236:
was elected president of the RN on 5 November 2022, ending Marine Le Pen's period as president of the party. Le Pen remained president of RN's parliamentary group.
15280:
13413:
11724:
9474:
3301:
15433:
13907:
13205:
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5860:
initially considered forming a joint group in the next European Parliament, but ultimately once again declined. In 2024, Farage, in his capacity as the leader of
5018:. During the 1980s, Jean-Marie Le Pen complained about the rising number of "social parasites", and called for deregulation, tax cuts, and the phasing-out of the
1978:. The party advocates a "more balanced" and "independent" French foreign policy, opposing French military intervention in Africa while supporting France leaving
19666:
17012:
16982:
16952:
16922:
16892:
15919:
14555:
11458:
4939:
The National Rally has sought to restrict Islamic practice in France. In 2011, Marine Le Pen warned that wearing full face veils are "the tip of the iceberg" of
14467:
10419:
3204:, Le Pen again reached the 2nd round with 23.15% of the votes, though she was defeated by incumbent Macron, after receiving 41.45% of the votes in the run-off.
2838:, too, a new system less favourable to the FN had been introduced. The party regained some of its strength from 1999, earning 9.8% of the vote and seven seats.
17441:
15255:
14766:
14318:
13036:
9793:
8926:
5448:
to change their image in their countries ... As far as their partners in Israel are concerned, I myself don't understand the idea of continuing to develop the
18924:
13059:
12703:
11647:
16411:
16314:
15154:
12080:
11940:
8371:
5947:
3134:
14523:
13951:
13805:
13158:
12165:
2708:
2541:
15707:
15212:
14916:
12725:
12378:
368:
16238:
16117:
15044:
13390:
12512:
11962:
8415:
2810:, in which it got 11.3% of the vote. It nevertheless outpolled Mégret's MNR, which had fielded the same number of candidates but won a mere 1.1% support.
15123:
13231:
12018:
4873:. In its 2001 programme, the party linked the breakdown of law and order to immigration, deeming immigration a "mortal threat to civil peace in France."
2373:(PFN), founded by FN dissidents (largely from the ON). Their competition weakened both parties throughout the 1970s. Along with the growing influence of
16264:
12592:"Résultats des législatives 2022 : le Rassemblement national arrive troisième avec 18,68% des voix au premier tour, selon les résultats définitifs"
12123:
12049:
5115:
treaties as foundations for "a supranational entity spelling the end of France." In 2004, the party criticised the EU as "the last stage on the road to
17765:
16483:
16292:
14990:
12145:
9030:
3228:
3138:
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2765:(MNR), effectively splitting the FN in half at most levels. Many of those who joined the new MNR had joined the FN in the mid-1980s, in part from the
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18338:
16346:
16198:
15980:
15313:
8451:
2448:
was even worse off, and the election marked the effective end of competition from the party. The Socialists attained their best ever result with an
2279:
had competed in some local elections since 1970, at its second congress, in June 1972, it decided to establish a new political party to contest the
19485:
17428:
13695:
13187:
11697:
9342:
8809:
5302:
4754:
4036:
3244:
In the 2024 European parliamentary elections, the RN won the most delegates of any single party (30). On 8 July, Bardella became president of the
1882:
1164:
16099:
14343:"€40m of Russian cash will allow Marine Le Pen's Front National to take advantage of rivals' woes in upcoming regional and presidential elections"
13356:
13124:
12832:
12535:
19601:
18297:
17291:
15376:
12229:
8310:
8153:
7807:
5582:
15841:
14710:
14068:
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9401:
5824:(PVV) in November 2013, after years of the PVV rejecting collaboration with the FN. Similarly, in December 2013, the FN formed an alliance with
5517:, a RN Member of the European Parliament (MEP), said that many RN leaders held similar opinions as the GI, but sought to hide them from voters.
5029:, which it calls "economic patriotism", and it has advocated populist policies, such as tax cuts for people under 30 years old, and cuts in the
19661:
19606:
15937:
13581:
12350:
9622:
5494:
3928:
1056:
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14206:
Les responsables du Front national érigent volontiers les Émirats en contre-exemple du Qatar, accusé de financer le fondamentalisme islamiste.
14136:
5217:
and called for cooperation with Israel, the United States, Russia, Iran and Saudi Arabia to support the economic recovery of Lebanon from the
15612:
14946:
14740:
13556:
12326:
11793:
11516:
8943:
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2629:
electoral successes, died in a car accident, leaving Bruno Mégret as the unrivalled, de facto FN deputy leader. The party only got 5% in the
1106:
15641:
14665:
19596:
18413:
16684:
16465:
15901:
15809:
14365:
14282:
14095:
13332:
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2529:
2295:. In order to create a broad movement, ON sought to model the new party (as it earlier had sought to model itself) on the more established
1424:
14858:
14500:
13537:
11870:
10712:
9823:
9446:
8830:
4920:(2011) rebellions in several countries, Marine Le Pen campaigned for a halt to the migration of Tunisian and Libyan immigrants to Europe.
2334:, receiving 0.5% of the national vote, although Le Pen won 5% in his Paris constituency. In 1973, the party created a youth movement, the
18458:
16509:
15518:
12482:
11198:
9075:
7953:
7915:
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7781:
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6422:
5990:
5924:
3048:
2835:
2770:
2637:
2521:
2422:
273:
17191:
Beauzamy, Brigitte (2013). "Explaining the Rise of the Front National to Electoral Prominence: Multi-Faceted or Contradictory Models?".
16171:
15549:
13752:
11845:"2014 municipal elections: the National Front won 12 cities, elected in 1546 and 459 councilors elected in intercommunal! 31 March 2014"
9161:
8968:
2532:(CNIP). In the 1984 European elections, eleven of the 81 FN candidates came from these parties, while the party's list also included an
18574:
17423:
16714:
15855:
15666:
9533:
2200:
Espousing France's Catholic and monarchist traditions, one of the primary progenitors of the ideology generally promoted by FN was the
340:
18333:
12743:
12617:
5312:
The RN remains divided on relations with Russia, with Bardella stating that he believed Russia was a threat to French security, while
4240:
1368:
17540:
16744:
14046:
8427:
5622:
5128:
15012:
14822:
14436:
8341:
2030:
The party has seen an increase in its popularity and acceptance in French society in recent years. It has been accused of promoting
18583:
17954:
17890:
15753:
14898:
14413:
11963:"French Municipal Elections: Far-Right National Front Scores Impressive Gains, But Hopes For Real Political Power Remain A Fantasy"
8088:
8068:
8048:
8028:
6409:
3060:
2890:
2876:
the FN appeared to have re-emerged on the political scene after surprisingly winning almost 12% of the overall vote and 118 seats.
2845:, Le Pen and Mégret agreed to join forces. Le Pen came 4th in the election with 11% of the vote, and the party won no seats in the
1947:
15491:
13086:
12997:
11756:
8847:
5127:, while it returned to supporting a common European currency to rival the United States dollar. Further, it rejected the possible
2069:, the National Rally changed policies in 2019, deciding to campaign for a reform of the EU rather than leaving it and to keep the
19105:
17270:
16553:
16019:
12804:
12643:
9649:
8989:
5710:
5533:, were ordered to stand trial after they were charged with a scheme which involved paying National Rally party officials through
5218:
2927:
2358:
14881:
14158:
13518:
11670:
10069:
8872:
19656:
19646:
19636:
19631:
17758:
17730:
16774:
16654:
16624:
5897:
4772:
4008:
3819:
1136:
947:
197:
18302:
15411:
13503:
11615:
5985:. Both PiS and Fidesz had previously rejected cooperation with Le Pen in 2019. Orbán subsequently supported Le Pen during the
2676:, the FN soared to 12.7% of the overall vote, but did not win a single seat due to the nature of the electoral system. In the
19621:
18934:
17455:
17306:
17221:
17200:
17173:
17148:
17125:
17104:
16059:
13730:
11991:
11582:
11192:
10402:
9949:
9155:
9069:
8405:
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3271:
The RN success in the European elections led to the dissolution of the French lower house by Emmanuel Macron on 9 June 2024.
1824:
187:
16378:
15722:
14179:
9517:
8287:
19626:
17847:
16802:
16001:
14265:"Leader of France's Rightist Party, Marine Le Pen, in a Sharp Turn After Attack by Hamas, Voices Strong Support for Israel"
13969:
13461:
7649:
5996:
Relations with the AfD deteriorated in early 2024, following Le Pen's disagreements with the AfD members' discussions over
4747:
4158:
1875:
1286:
12263:
11071:
19651:
17875:
17775:
8120:
5935:
5909:
5453:
5120:
4456:
4123:
3749:
2616:, the FN was hurt by the return two-ballot majority voting, by the limited campaign period, and by the departure of many
1584:
1251:
877:
425:
19130:
18929:
18676:
17361:
13096:
12970:
8788:
8758:
8715:
8562:
5435:
During the 2012 presidential election, Marine Le Pen sought the support of Jewish people in France. Interviewed by the
5424:". He has repeated the latter claim several times. In 2004, Bruno Gollnisch said: "I do not question the existence of
5287:
3170:
During a 2021 debate, Marine Le Pen was called "soft" on Islam by the Minister of the Interior in Macron's government,
2173:. Throughout the late 1960s and early 1970s, the French far-right consisted mainly of small, extreme movements such as
18994:
15520:
Transnational Networks of Extreme Right Parties in East Central Europe: Stimuli and Limits of Cross-Border Cooperation
13519:"Islamophobia is the driving force of the French election – as a Muslim hijabi, neither Macron or Le Pen appeal to me"
11448:
3122:
18150:
18138:
18126:
18114:
18102:
18090:
18078:
18066:
17751:
17085:
17016:
16986:
16956:
16926:
16896:
11642:
8734:
8609:
8533:
7230:
7192:
7160:
7133:
7095:
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7024:
6992:
6426:
6199:
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6148:
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6140:
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6132:
5986:
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5678:
5662:
5562:
5320:
4829:
republic that would bypass traditional political divisions and institutions. Aiming at a unity of the political (the
4338:
3320:
alliance who were expected to win 140-160 seats. Finally, the RN won only 142 seats, ranking third in the election.
3201:
3130:
3066:
2959:
In two polls about presidential favourites, conducted in April and May 2013, Marine le Pen polled ahead of president
2938:
2842:
2802:"to block Le Pen". Following the presidential election, the main centre-right parties merged to form the broad-based
2790:
2677:
2633:, while the RPR announced it would reject any alliance with the FN, a rejections that now included the local level.
2606:
2429:
2342:
2166:
2109:
2101:
2097:
2089:
1963:
1959:
1955:
1466:
18732:
16154:"France, Meloni's compliments to Le Pen: The barriers between the alternative forces to the left have been overcome"
15586:
15245:
14770:
13028:
11637:
8918:
5388:, cosigned a letter asking President Emmanuel Macron to implement proportional representation for future elections.
5099:
to turning against it. In 2002, Jean-Marie Le Pen campaigned on pulling France out of the EU and re-introducing the
19591:
18999:
17824:
12072:
11932:
8157:
6905:
6869:
6833:
6792:
6759:
6723:
6687:
6651:
6615:
6579:
6546:
6513:
6475:
6008:
5905:
5766:
5586:
5452:. I consider it a political mistake and would like to make it clear in this context that we must have the right to
5071:
5039:
4027:
3290:
3280:
3208:
3080:
2945:
2846:
2807:
2743:
2673:
2613:
2553:
2453:
2418:
2378:
2331:
2280:
2114:
1155:
15146:
5709:
sought to distance himself from Le Pen, and later attempted to build a separate group. In 2009, the FN joined the
5633:. It was formerly known as the Europe of Nations and Freedom group, during which time it also included the Polish
5162:(along with Spain, Greece and Portugal) – although that policy was dropped in 2019. She also wants to reintroduce
18974:
18290:
13150:
5778:
5242:
4825:. National populists combine the social values of the left and the political values of the right, and advocate a
4740:
4421:
3332:
3148:, former advisor to Donald Trump before and after his 2016 election, gave what has been described as a "populist
3141:
in 2013. On 1 June, Le Pen announced that the name change was approved by party adherents with 80.81% in favour.
2976:
2707:, its fourth town, in a 1997 by-election, where similar policies were subsequently pursued. Vitrolles' new mayor
2688:
2643:
In the wake of FN's electoral success, the immigration debate, growing concerns over Islamic fundamentalism, and
2493:
1868:
1549:
460:
38:
31:
18786:
18511:
13618:"European elections 2014: Marine Le Pen's Front National victory in France is based on anguish, rage and denial"
13380:
6301:
In March 2018, the position of vice-president replaced that of General Secretary. It became a duo in June 2019:
2345:, Le Pen failed to find a mobilising theme for his campaign, since many of its platform's major issues, such as
18567:
15784:"Steve Bannon to address far-right event in France where Marine Le Pen will reveal new name for National Front"
12508:
12197:""Rassemblement national", trop proche de "Rassemblement national populaire", ancien parti collaborationniste?"
9672:"Sénatoriales : le Conseil d'État juge que l'étiquette «extrême droite» doit s'appliquer aux candidats RN"
8590:
8149:
8145:
7739:
7706:
7593:
7543:
7503:
7458:
7418:
7370:
7317:
5649:(formerly the Movement for a Europe of Nations and Freedom) since 2014, which additionally includes Slovakia's
5574:
5554:
5043:
3769:
3190:
2920:
2911:
2873:
2831:
2644:
2630:
2576:
2546:
897:
15119:
14218:
12041:
12010:
9593:"Rise of the French far right: Front National party could make sweeping gains at this month's local elections"
8894:"Rise of the French far right: Front National party could make sweeping gains at this month's local elections"
3117:(National Rally) while keeping the flame as its logo. The new name was put to a vote among all party members.
2718:, who ran in place of her husband Bruno, went further in one significant measure, introducing a special 5,000-
2704:
18726:
18420:
12104:
10706:"Entre 1986 et 1988, les députés FN voulaient rétablir la peine de mort et instaurer la préférence nationale"
8161:
7908:
6401:
6004:. In May 2024, the RN announced it would end its alliance with the AfD in the next European Parliament term.
5770:
5735:
5340:
3714:
3656:
3113:
At the conclusion of the 11 March 2018 party congress in Lille, Marine Le Pen proposed renaming the party to
2931:
2537:
2459:
The "socialist takeover" led to a radicalisation in centre-right, anti-communist, and anti-socialist voters.
842:
784:
382:
16448:"Parlement européen : le RN rompt avec ses alliés allemands de l'AfD après des déclarations sur les SS"
16282:
14980:
13926:"French elections: Why is the rejection of environmentalism a driving force behind France's far-right vote?"
13444:"'What is the headscarf doing in politics?' Muslim headscarves become issue in French presidential campaign"
9026:
4821:'s analysis, include the party in an old French tradition of "national populism" that can be traced back to
19386:
19110:
19100:
18939:
18645:
17947:
17852:
17528:
5810:
5646:
5642:
5614:
5306:
5199:
5182:
in Mali against Islamist militants in the country, because it was at the request of the Malian government.
5171:
5083:
4882:
4870:
4511:
4383:
3834:
3391:
3126:
3032:
3012:
2803:
2762:
2505:
2170:
1639:
1511:
962:
519:
215:
14301:"Israël: "Je souhaite que nous puissions nous y rendre dans les prochains temps", affirme Jordan Bardella"
8670:
8640:
Messina, Anthony (2015). "The political and policy impacts of extreme right parties in time and context".
3308:, However, 2-3 days before the second round, the RN were predicted to win around 170-220 seats. After the
19070:
17973:
12457:"Régionales en Paca : à Marseille, "les LR historiques voteront Thierry Mariani", le candidat du RN"
5429:
5373:
5361:
4518:
4333:
3799:
3689:
3619:
2601:
tone, he presented himself as the representative of the people against the "gang of four" (RPR, UDF, PS,
2038:. While her father was nicknamed the "Devil of the Republic" by mainstream media and sparked outrage for
1646:
1461:
927:
817:
747:
172:
19191:
4018:
3285:
In June 2024, the party joined with the micro-party "To the right! Friends of Eric Ciotti", forming the
1146:
19611:
18919:
18444:
17870:
14689:
7360:
6442:
6405:
6203:
6152:
5978:
5002:. This occurred within the framework of a changed international environment, from a battle between the
4947:(which covers the head but not the face) in public. Le Pen also proposed to ban the production of both
4321:
4205:
4056:
3938:
3212:
2501:
1951:
1449:
1333:
1184:
1066:
298:
17312:
16430:"Mayotte: Marine Le Pen «fâchée» contre l'AfD qui s'interroge sur l'appartenance de l'île à la France"
13643:
9372:
5257:
as a "defender of the Christian heritage of European civilisation." The National Front considers that
4108:
1236:
19080:
19060:
18954:
18739:
18622:
18560:
18487:
18395:
18315:
16037:
7275:
5713:; it left the alliance since. Along with some other European parties, the FN in 2010 visited Japan's
5634:
5578:
5566:
5238:
5226:
4442:
4413:
4378:
4286:
2602:
1967:
1570:
1541:
1506:
1414:
354:
253:
18766:
16576:"Présidentielle 2022 : Marine Le Pen cède la tête du RN à Jordan Bardella et lance sa campagne"
14233:"Vote results: Resolution on the situation of journalists in Morocco, notably the case of Omar Radi"
12199:["National Rally", too close to "National People's Rally", former collaborationist party?].
9626:
8619:
Mayer, Nonna (January 2013). "From Jean-Marie to Marine Le Pen: Electoral Change on the Far Right".
5484:
said the loans "take Moscow's attempt to influence the internal politics of the EU to a new level."
5478:
that this was the first instalment of a €40 million loan, although Marine Le Pen has disputed this.
5360:
later added that the RN would not advocate withdrawing France from the integrated command while the
4677:
4133:
3197:, i.e. the popular right, the social right. The party, nonetheless, fared badly in these elections.
1805:
1261:
19641:
18831:
18602:
17880:
17829:
17796:
17692:
17623:
17504:
16866:
15492:"Patriots for Europe becomes EU parliament's 3rd-largest group, picks Jordan Bardella as president"
14126:
13780:"Comment Marine Le Pen a abandonné le libéralisme pour un programme « social-populiste »"
13481:
7586:
7496:
5702:
5650:
5630:
5598:
5425:
5079:
4858:
4822:
4780:
4667:
4311:
3918:
3476:
3253:
3216:
2934:. In October 2013, Bruno Gollnisch and Jean-Marie Le Pen resigned from their position in the AENM.
2793:, opinion polls had predicted a run-off between incumbent President Chirac and Socialist candidate
2660:
2485:
2440:
2410:
2169:, Le Pen unsuccessfully attempted to consolidate the right-wing vote around presidential candidate
2105:
1999:
1987:
1795:
1439:
1046:
604:
261:
15608:
14852:"Economic Voting and the national Front: Towards a Subregional Understanding of the Extreme-Right"
14677:
14384:"UKRAINE. De Mélenchon à Le Pen, qu'en disent les politiques français ?- 5 mars 2014 – L'Obs"
13866:
13848:
9853:
9308:"Marine Le Pen temporarily steps down as Front National leader to concentrate on presidential bid"
4818:
4225:
3849:
1353:
977:
19311:
18019:
17963:
17940:
17588:
14609:
Lorimer, Marta (2020). "Europe as ideological resource: the case of the Rassemblement National".
14103:
8230:
The system had been designed by Mitterand's party to soften its predicted weakening in the polls.
6270:
5739:
5731:
5674:
5610:
5558:
5078:
was among the few parties to come close to meeting the law, with 49% female candidates; Jospin's
5075:
5055:
5007:
4506:
4353:
4046:
3958:
3854:
3552:
2296:
1634:
1481:
1174:
1086:
982:
680:
19444:
18944:
17409:
16692:
15634:
13328:
11819:"Un an après la présidentielle, Marine Le Pen devancerait François Hollande- 3 mai 2013 – L'Obs"
6254:
The party had five vice presidents between July 2012 and March 2018 (against three previously).
3739:
3415:
2849:. The party's 4.3% support was the lowest score since the 1981 election and only one candidate,
2184:
2081:, citing "an attachment to the European spirit", but to reserve free movement to nationals of a
867:
543:
19569:
19555:
19120:
18721:
17814:
17564:
14851:
14167:
Le Pen says she supported the intervention in Mali, because the Malians asked France to step in
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10705:
8165:
8125:
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7408:
5943:
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5514:
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4889:
4435:
4368:
4291:
3531:
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3286:
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2497:
2082:
2035:
1563:
1496:
1419:
659:
468:
446:
19276:
18959:
18361:
18201:
18035:
16501:
15531:
14899:"Far-right leader Bardella backpedals on taking France out of NATO strategic military command"
14247:"'A Historic Moment': How French Politicians Reacted to France's New Stance on Western Sahara"
11180:
9053:
6373:
6276:
4572:
3350:
2713:
2436:
2386:
2014:
Jean-Marie Le Pen advanced to the second round but finished a distant second in the runoff to
1700:
478:
19140:
18969:
18650:
17862:
17600:
17331:
Shields, James (2013). "Marine Le Pen and the 'New' FN: A Change of Style or of Substance?".
17136:
16393:
16319:
15682:"Rep. Joe Walsh continues to fan the flames of Islamophobia—and it's accomplishing his goals"
15346:[Financing of the National Front: Russian hackers unveil contacts with the Kremlin].
15049:
15017:
14472:
12351:"Steve Bannon told a French far-right party to wear the 'racist' label 'as a badge of honor'"
10392:
9141:
5920:
5893:
5840:
5759:
5743:
5638:
5405:
There has been a difference between Marine Le Pen's and her father's opinions concerning the
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had been managed by Jean-Marie Le Pen. The name had also been used by the FN previously, for
3099:
2504:(UDF) formed alliances with the FN in a number of towns. The most notable result came in the
2417:" with Le Pen being a "puppet of the Jews." The far right was marginalised altogether in the
2316:
2192:
2108:, from 7 to 89 seats. In June 2024, the party, led by its president Jordan Bardella, won the
2006:
1785:
1501:
1318:
1017:
757:
715:
696:
609:
160:
18984:
16722:
8311:"Renowned Nazi hunter in France advises Jews to choose far right over far left in elections"
5923:
in Spain. In 2024, Vox had Le Pen address its conference, despite Vox being a member of the
5864:, distanced himself from the RN, describing its economic agenda as a "disaster" for France.
5485:
4943:
of French culture. In 2021, and again in 2022, Le Pen again proposed banning the wearing of
4904:
2005 FN political poster reading: "Immigrants are going to vote... and you're abstaining?!!"
4551:
3174:. Marine Le Pen called for a "national-unity government" that would include persons such as
3030:
The international media described the results as "historic", and "impressive", although the
1679:
19376:
18909:
18681:
18169:
17919:
17117:
Politics on the Fringe: The People, Policies, and Organization of the French National Front
16056:"Meloni a "Il Corriere della Sera": "In Francia il voto della paura è stato contro Le Pen""
14036:
9106:
8707:
8671:"The French secular hypocrisy: the extreme right, the Republic and the battle for hegemony"
8249:
6349:
5852:
by Farage, who praised Le Pen and expressed support for her presidential bid. Prior to the
5191:
5186:
5026:
5011:
4565:
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3968:
3794:
3666:
3543:
3370:
3317:
3039:
2906:
2565:
2382:
1693:
1194:
1096:
922:
794:
671:
498:
19216:
16752:
13224:"Projet de lutte contre la prostitution : la morale féministe dépourvue d'efficacité"
9623:"France – Poll gives France's far-right National Front party boost ahead of regional vote"
9534:"Jean-Marie Le Pen, exclu du Front national, fera "bien évidemment" un recours en justice"
5456:– just as we are allowed to criticise any sovereign country – without it being considered
5241:. Bardella has expressed opposition to recognition of Palestinian statehood following the
4245:
3624:
3016:
2960:
2312:
1373:
752:
8:
19545:
19381:
19361:
19286:
19090:
18979:
18964:
18856:
18816:
18715:
18701:
18687:
18347:
17923:
17819:
17668:
17476:
15814:
15022:
13301:
13191:
12405:"Marine le Pen "molle": Les propos de Gérald Darmanin sèment l'embarras au sein de LaREM"
12379:"Ex-Sarkozy minister jumps conservative ship to join French far-right - Channel NewsAsia"
11729:
11544:
11511:
11259:
9367:
7979:
7643:
6318:
6065:
5928:
5666:
5618:
5581:, it chose to distance itself from the FN. From 1999 to 2001, the FN was a member of the
5550:
5538:
5510:
5344:
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5112:
5059:
4716:
4348:
4343:
4175:
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3036:
suggested that "hopes for real political power remain a fantasy" for the National Front.
3004:
2895:
2747:
2398:
2370:
2176:
2065:(National Rally), and this was confirmed by a ballot of party members. Formerly strongly
1975:
1939:
1844:
1476:
1471:
1303:
1246:
779:
685:
524:
430:
326:
278:
228:
104:
19171:
19025:
18639:
15968:
14592:"Leader of French far-right in EP stands against condemning Orbán's "peace initiatives""
13908:"Présidentielle : les principaux points du programme diplomatique de Marine Le Pen"
9110:
4558:
4406:
4200:
3043:
Demonstration against the National Front in Paris after the results of the 2014 election
2664:
was the first major test of the relations between the values of the French Republic and
2203:
1686:
1534:
1328:
19518:
19478:
19055:
18607:
17915:
17397:
17248:
16287:
15701:
15527:
14644:
14041:
13586:
13385:
12110:
10424:
9122:
8690:
8657:
8477:"French far-right leader seeks to reintroduce death penalty after Charlie Hebdo attack"
6020:
5970:
5774:
5449:
5411:
5292:
5222:
5104:
5074:, the first under the new gender parity provision in the French Constitution, Le Pen's
4924:
4662:
4610:
4586:
4490:
4428:
4086:
4076:
3998:
3874:
3789:
3784:
3639:
3634:
3365:
3211:, for which polling had indicated that FN would win only between 15 to 45 seats in the
3024:
2781:
2055:
1943:
1935:
1790:
1738:
1714:
1618:
1556:
1214:
1204:
1126:
1002:
917:
912:
767:
762:
493:
420:
409:
243:
238:
223:
19351:
19316:
19251:
19050:
18866:
18811:
18617:
18263:
18236:
17274:
16537:
15434:"French far-right leader Marine Le Pen to stand trial over alleged misuse of EU funds"
15089:"" Détail de l'histoire " : Marine le Pen en " désaccord profond " avec son père"
12808:
12704:"Le Pen, Orban and the 'Patriots for Europe': Is the EU being undermined from within?"
11757:"2012 French legislative elections: Gard's 2nd constituency (first round and run-off)"
9190:
6159:. He later served as honorary president of the party from January 2011 to August 2015
5885:
5381:
5178:, she opposed the French military involvements. However, the party supported the 2013
5042:
campaign. During this time, Bardella also rescinded the prior RN pledge to repeal the
4195:
4180:
3988:
3774:
3171:
2953:
2374:
2051:
1323:
1308:
1116:
902:
19490:
19356:
19336:
19291:
19201:
18776:
18761:
18612:
18467:
18110:
18098:
18086:
18074:
18062:
18027:
17984:
17783:
17576:
17357:
17302:
17252:
17217:
17196:
17169:
17144:
17121:
17100:
17081:
16545:
15660:
14648:
14636:
13696:"The European far right: actually right? Or left? Or something altogether different?"
13557:"Le Pen is bad, but many French Muslims like me don't want to vote for Macron either"
13209:
13092:
12272:
12115:
11188:
10398:
10061:
10053:
9945:
9151:
9126:
9065:
9054:"A new course for the French radical right? The Front National and "de-demonisation""
8754:
8730:
8711:
8694:
8661:
8605:
8586:
8558:
8529:
8401:
7685:
7322:
7041:
6997:
6480:
6282:
6114:
6073:
5934:
In 2019, RN MEPs participated in the first international delegation to visit India's
5872:
5821:
5530:
5506:
5417:
5380:
disenfranchises voters. In early 2021, Marine Le Pen, along with centrist politician
5108:
4672:
4631:
4210:
4148:
4138:
3829:
3694:
3526:
3313:
3305:
3261:
3183:
3160:
3095:
2684:
2655:
2476:
2449:
2381:", the FN gained several new groups of supporters in the late 1970s and early 1980s:
2142:
2104:, the National Rally achieved a significant increase in the number of its MPs in the
2077:
for some collectivities). In 2021, Le Pen announced that she wanted to remain in the
2010:
1971:
1800:
1759:
1338:
1276:
1266:
957:
822:
654:
128:
19499:
19246:
19009:
19004:
18821:
18756:
18493:
17791:
16662:
16632:
16239:"Marine le Pen felicita a Vox por su resultado en Andalucía antes de que se conozca"
4617:
3814:
3699:
2996:
2409:
tendency in the party leadership. A radical group split off in 1980 and founded the
1745:
942:
827:
19512:
19391:
19241:
19236:
19065:
18846:
18836:
18540:
17743:
17718:
17340:
17240:
16484:"Diaspora Affairs Minister Chikli Stands by Praise for France's Le Pen – Exclusive"
15870:"Lega, il salto di Salvini. Dai Comunisti padani all'amicizia con l'estrema destra"
14626:
14618:
13722:
12726:"Législatives : le financement politique des partis, l'autre enjeu du scrutin"
12365:
12360:
11607:
11574:
9198:
9114:
8682:
8649:
8628:
8393:
6069:
5916:
5802:
5755:
5747:
5577:
group, while the MSI left due to the Germans' arrival. As the MSI evolved into the
5421:
5377:
5179:
5167:
5116:
4624:
4363:
4276:
4220:
4215:
3859:
3779:
3709:
3704:
3164:
2866:
2700:
2043:
1752:
1491:
1404:
1348:
1343:
987:
907:
837:
832:
19326:
16055:
14622:
14198:"En quête de finances pour 2017, le FN fait les yeux doux aux Émirats arabes unis"
14180:"French far-right leader praises 'model' state Egypt for 'fighting radical Islam'"
13806:"Le Pen's opposition to pension reform, focus on public order 'pays off' in polls"
12894:
8686:
8653:
8388:
Jens Rydgren (2008). "France: The Front National, Ethnonationalism and Populism".
6049:
5901:
4170:
3607:
3054:
2350:
2243:
1298:
735:
19432:
19271:
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19206:
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19176:
19135:
19115:
19075:
18989:
18851:
18656:
18597:
18354:
18244:
18185:
17643:
17413:
17244:
17211:
17159:
17115:
17073:
17069:
16781:
14556:"French far-right party divided over Putin's non-invitation to D-Day anniversary"
14528:
14371:
14347:
13622:
13363:
12841:
12565:
12357:
12333:
12234:
12152:
11997:
9939:
9509:
9312:
8994:
8416:"'The nation state is back': Front National's Marine Le Pen rides on global mood"
8302:
8283:
8239:
if the election had used proportional representation, it would have won 64 seats.
8115:
7920:
6910:
6361:
6294:
6224:
6057:
6033:
5974:
5955:
5876:
5720:
5480:
5439:
5357:
5313:
5305:, attended an event in Donetsk marking the "independence" of the self-proclaimed
5270:
5230:
5062:, highlighting key policies it opposes such as the 2035 ban on fossil fuel cars.
5030:
4971:
4955:
meat. Le Pen says she is "against the visibility of Islam" but not Islam per se.
4809:
4792:
4788:
4481:
4472:
4449:
4271:
4230:
4165:
4113:
3948:
3884:
3844:
3809:
3734:
3724:
3507:
3377:
3316:
were predicted to win around 150-190 seats, slightly ahead of president Macron's
3233:
3156:
3084:
3070:
3008:
2980:
2979:, lists officially supported by the National Front won mayoralties in 12 cities:
2964:
2949:
2755:
2533:
2402:
2390:
2320:
2304:
2300:
2159:, including Le Pen, were part of an inner circle of returned servicemen known as
2093:
2024:
1926:
1908:
1609:
1600:
1577:
1399:
1358:
1293:
1241:
1076:
1012:
972:
937:
862:
852:
635:
505:
312:
132:
81:
19401:
19321:
14037:"A consistent opponent of immigration: Le Pen based appeal on fears about crime"
13965:
12566:"French election result: Macron defeats Le Pen and vows to unite divided France"
6186:
Marine Le Pen took over as the president of the party in 2011 and contested the
5966:
4682:
4250:
2735:
2590:
1810:
1378:
19540:
19346:
19256:
19186:
19161:
19085:
18891:
18881:
18871:
18826:
18796:
18552:
18369:
18271:
17523:
17231:
Hainsworth, Paul (2012). "The Extreme Right in France: From Pétain to Le Pen".
15883:
15344:"Financement du FN : des hackers russes dévoilent des échanges au Kremlin"
15281:"Prêt russe au FN : Marine Le Pen publie les refus des banques françaises"
15250:
14793:"Asselineau, le Pen, Dupont-Aignan, Mélenchon… quatre nuances de souverainisme"
6310:
6258:
6168:
6053:
6045:
6012:
5868:
5825:
5654:
5254:
5207:
5148:
5124:
5103:
as the country's national currency. In the early 2000s the party denounced the
5096:
4975:
4862:
4651:
4358:
4235:
4185:
3894:
3804:
3759:
3729:
3661:
3516:
3471:
3406:
2651:
2609:, Le Pen won an unprecedented 14.4% of the vote, and double the votes of 1984.
2572:
2472:
2444:
2394:
2346:
2217:
2150:
2138:
2015:
1995:
1983:
1779:
1486:
1363:
1313:
1022:
932:
887:
857:
789:
644:
599:
534:
99:
19524:
18806:
18801:
16100:"Insight: Meloni, Le Pen rift mars far right's prospects of wielding EU power"
16082:"The far-right rift between France's Marine Le Pen and Italy's Giorgia Meloni"
14981:"Jean-Marie Le Pen renvoyé devant la justice pour ses propos sur l'Occupation"
14319:"France's far-right leader 'unfavourable to recognition of Palestinian state'"
13867:"French businesses court Marine Le Pen after taking fright at left's policies"
9231:
6219:
5982:
5706:
5400:
4143:
4128:
3754:
1271:
1256:
882:
62:
19585:
19471:
19296:
19221:
18914:
18886:
18781:
18534:
18529:
18209:
18146:
18134:
18122:
18043:
17992:
17516:
17371:
16549:
16347:"À Bruxelles, Le Pen loue le "bienfaisant courage" de la Pologne face à l'UE"
15942:
15181:
14640:
12828:
12431:"Marine le Pen promet un " gouvernement d'union nationale " si elle est élue"
12276:
12119:
11902:"Far-Right Front National makes historic gains in French municipal elections"
10065:
8397:
7996:
7882:
7548:
7165:
6797:
6379:
6288:
6173:
6037:
5939:
5833:
5794:
5751:
5727:
5698:
5606:
5526:
5262:
5136:
5019:
5015:
4999:
4995:
4988:
4796:
4767:
4728:
4544:
4316:
4281:
4153:
3879:
3764:
3744:
3580:
3521:
3257:
3088:
2899:
2854:
2850:
2794:
2621:
2605:), while the central theme of his campaign was "national preference". In the
2575:
reinstated the two-round system of majority voting for the next election. In
2561:
2085:
country, excluding residents of and visitors from another Schengen country.
2078:
2019:
1991:
1856:
1672:
1444:
1409:
1281:
1007:
892:
872:
708:
649:
117:
19125:
17903:
16788:
16412:"Le Pen questions EU-level alliance with AfD, spelling trouble for ID unity"
14410:"Marine Le Pen: Ukraine s association with EU – best option| Ukrinform"
13831:"As Bardella becomes more like Macron, his party becomes more like Meloni's"
13188:"Marine Le Pen: I would hold a referendum on reinstating the death penalty."
9730:"Marine Le Pen annonce que le Front national devient Rassemblement national"
9191:"Le Front national français dans l'espace des droites radicales européennes"
6109:
5589:
group. Between the mentioned groups, the party sat among the non-affiliated
5409:
and Jews. In 2005, Jean-Marie Le Pen wrote in the far-right weekly magazine
4892:, on the grounds that it would negatively affect the safety of sex workers.
4306:
1434:
19565:
19560:
19438:
19425:
19366:
19331:
19301:
19231:
19226:
19040:
18949:
18876:
18841:
18791:
18771:
18663:
16315:"22 of 27 EU parliamentarians visiting Kashmir are from Right-wing parties"
16265:"Meloni, Orbán, Le Pen back Spanish far right in 'battle against Brussels'"
16118:"Le Pen praises Salvini's previous anti-migration efforts, tackling Meloni"
13060:"Europeans favoring right-wing populist parties are more positive on Putin"
12337:
9566:"Local elections confirm a quarter of French voters support Front National"
9343:"France's far right replaces Le Pen with Jordan Bardella – DW – 11/05/2022"
9058:
Radical Right-Wing Populist Parties in Western Europe: Into the Mainstream?
9027:"Quelle doit être la couleur du Front national sur les cartes électorales?"
7841:
7773:
5951:
5857:
5844:
5832:, which had previously eschewed cooperation with the FN when it was led by
5814:
5806:
5786:
5682:
5590:
5385:
5282:
5277:
5163:
5095:
From the 1980s to the 1990s, the party's policy shifted from favouring the
4979:
4959:
4940:
4499:
3899:
3869:
3864:
3839:
3824:
3671:
3573:
3439:
3179:
3145:
2719:
2252:
2100:, she lost to Macron in the run-off, receiving 41.45% of the votes. In the
2047:
1627:
1027:
997:
992:
967:
952:
799:
701:
567:
16020:"Nigel Farage: Marine Le Pen's economics would be 'a disaster' for France"
15576:
14219:"Le parti de Marine le Pen s'attaque à l'Algérie et fait l'éloge du Maroc"
12305:
Wear 'racist' like a badge of honour, Bannon tells French far-right summit
9202:
9097:
Forchtner, Bernhard (September 2019). "Climate change and the far right".
3719:
3446:
2571:
The party's time in the National Assembly effectively came to an end when
2369:
Following the 1974 election, the FN was obscured by the appearance of the
847:
574:
19418:
19396:
19371:
19341:
19306:
19181:
19166:
19156:
18861:
18217:
18193:
18011:
17806:
17661:
17571:
17464:
15754:"Marine Le Pen rencontre un élu américain connu pour ses propos racistes"
15285:
14131:
12671:"Bardella heads Patriots for Europe, EU Parliament's third-largest group"
12146:
Les Patriotes: How Le Pen's ex-protégé hopes to win over French far right
9794:"Après l'euro et le Frexit, nouveau revirement européen de Marine Le Pen"
6385:
6367:
6305:
6264:
6061:
6041:
5997:
5881:
5685:
and most former ID members, with Bardella ultimately chairing the group.
5658:
5626:
5570:
4984:
4917:
4800:
4784:
4689:
3614:
3500:
3432:
3427:
3401:
2858:
2406:
2354:
2134:
2066:
2039:
1817:
742:
628:
560:
555:
529:
266:
94:
17344:
16136:"Le Pen draws closer to Meloni and distances herself from Germany's AfD"
15810:"French MPs demand inquiry into Steve Bannon's links with Marine Le Pen"
15213:"Far-right Front National's Russian loan: '31 mln euros more to follow'"
14711:"Le Rassemblement national abandonne définitivement la sortie de l'euro"
14631:
14069:"Le Rassemblement national abandonne définitivement la sortie de l'euro"
13414:"Marine Le Pen revendique la « brutalité » contre l'islamisme"
12774:"French elections: Here's who voted for the different political parties"
9761:"Le Pen's Rassemblement National revises stance towards EU and the euro"
9650:"How Marine Le Pen turned respectable (and why you shouldn't be fooled)"
9143:
The Far Right and the Environment: Politics, Discourse and Communication
8632:
6015:
expressed support for Le Pen and the National Rally, and suggested that
3102:, on the grounds that the FN had "softened" its position on leaving the
2731:
19549:
18694:
17424:
Has Marine Le Pen made France's Front National respectable? RFI English
16221:"Putin's allies in the European Parliament rally around Le Pen's party"
15581:
14468:"Poutine et le FN : révélations sur les réseaux russes des Le Pen"
14283:"Marine Le Pen courts French Jews as far left refuses to condemn Hamas"
13206:"Le Pen is willing to hold death penalty referendum if she is elected."
9056:. In Akkerman, Tjitske; de Lange, Sarah L.; Rooduijn, Matthijs (eds.).
5908:
since 2021. The RN was critical of the decision to allow the Bulgarian
5798:
5693:
5234:
5194:'s opposition to Islamism with the more pro-Islamist position taken by
5003:
4878:
4826:
4779:
The party's ideology has been broadly described by scholars, including
3562:
3536:
3309:
3074:
2830:
A new electoral system of two-round voting had been introduced for the
2324:
2031:
690:
664:
182:
19506:
14232:
13125:"Who is Marine Le Pen and what are her French election 2022 policies?"
12509:"Elections régionales : En Aveyron, le RN veut séduire la droite"
8990:"France – A Guide to Europe's Right-Wing Parties and Extremist Groups"
8511:
Abridged list of reliable sources that refer to the National Rally as
5323:, Le Pen supported sending non-lethal defensive aid to Ukraine in the
4600:
3020:
2421:, although the PFN came out better off. In the first election for the
2061:
At the FN congress of 2018, Marine Le Pen proposed renaming the party
1728:
19281:
19211:
18177:
17271:"From Jean-Marie to Marine Le Pen: Electoral Change on the Far Right"
17165:
16379:"Marine Le Pen and Eric Zemmour face off in rival rallies – POLITICO"
15856:"Le Pen plans for far-right Parliament group fall foul of Bossi move"
15217:
14917:"Proportionnelle: Bayrou, Bayou, le Pen et Lagarde écrivent à Macron"
14690:"EU vote may shift power in main euro zone states, stall integration"
14524:"Marine Le Pen's Closest Advisor Comes Out of the Shadows in Donetsk"
13504:"Marine Le Pen, Islamophobia, and the polarization of French society"
13297:"Marine Le Pen planning Italy trip to condemn North African refugees"
12805:"From Jean-Marie to Marine Le Pen: Electoral Change on the Far Right"
11540:"Far-Right National Front performs well in French regional elections"
9147:
9061:
6355:
5861:
5829:
5602:
5475:
5406:
5203:
4994:
The party's economic policy shifted from the 1980s to the 1990s from
4804:
4579:
3488:
3453:
3304:, the National Rally were expected to get 230-270 seats, close to an
2914:, with regions where the National Front gained the most votes in grey
2869:. Twenty permanent employees of the FN were also dismissed in 2008.
2823:
2696:
2208:, founded at the end of the 19th century, and its descendants in the
2126:
2074:
1707:
616:
581:
18436:
17391:
16002:"Farage, Polish populists dash far-right hopes of grand EU alliance"
13091:. Princeton, New Jersey, US: Princeton University Press. p. 2.
13029:"Le Pen Family Drama Splits France's Far Right National Front Party"
12536:"Le Pen's far-right party suffers blow in French regional elections"
12166:"Marine Le Pen propose de rebaptiser le FN "Rassemblement national""
9824:"Marine Le Pen n'envisage plus de suspendre les accords de Schengen"
9697:"Marine Le Pen propose de renommer le FN " Rassemblement national ""
9447:"Jean-Marie Le Pen fined again for dismissing Holocaust as 'detail'"
9118:
8919:"Le Pen Family Drama Splits France's Far Right National Front Party"
5726:
At a conference in 2011, the two new leaders of the FN and the FPÖ,
5135:. In other issues, Le Pen opposed the invasions of Iraq, led by the
2988:
2818:
402:
18670:
17839:
17595:
17583:
17419:
Nations Presse Info, an information Website near the National Front
16803:"Jordan Bardella promu 2e vice-président du Rassemblement national"
16466:"France's Macron slams Israeli minister's backing of Marine Le Pen"
16351:
15377:"France's National Rally links to violent far-right group revealed"
15348:
14985:
13952:"French elections: Far-right's proposals go against the Green Deal"
13466:
13084:
12201:
10307:
8221:
The 1984 European election used proportional representation system.
5790:
5715:
5670:
5520:
5489:
5336:
5206:. It praised the 2024 recognition of Moroccan sovereignty over the
5144:
5140:
5131:. The FN was also one of several parties that backed France's 2005
4962:
by many. The party has connected immigration to Islamic terrorism.
4814:
4593:
3644:
3422:
3386:
3249:
3149:
2926:
At the end of 2011, the National Front withdrew from the far-right
2761:
Mégret and his faction left the FN in January 1999 and founded the
2669:
2598:
2213:
2130:
2009:
to be the legitimate political vehicle for the far-right movement.
1721:
772:
550:
514:
17137:"France: The National Front As Prototype of the New Radical Right"
12618:"France: Marine Le Pen's National Rally estimated to win 89 seats"
12264:"'Let Them Call You Racists': Bannon's Pep Talk to National Front"
12011:"Far-right National Front stuns French elite with EU 'earthquake'"
11933:"France's National Front Scores Historic Win in European Election"
9423:"Marine Le Pen National Front leader | Who is Marine Le Pen?"
6330:
The position of General Secretary was held between 1972 and 2018:
5797:. In February 2017, two more conservative Republican Congressmen,
5765:
During her 2012 visit to the United States, Marine Le Pen met two
1954:
since 2022. Its candidate was defeated in the second round in the
17932:
17618:
17535:
17511:
17499:
17418:
13885:"Bardella goes back on promise to repeal Macron's pension reform"
13263:
13261:
13088:
Political Entrepreneurs: The Rise of Challenger Parties in Europe
8555:
Political Entrepreneurs: The Rise of Challenger Parties in Europe
6001:
5689:
5461:
5443:
5258:
5152:
4900:
3495:
2992:
2984:
2798:
2414:
623:
16283:"India Finally Lets Lawmakers into Kashmir: Far-Right Europeans"
15981:"Brexit party in talks to join far-right group in EU parliament"
15177:"Europe is trying to keep Russia from influencing its elections"
12996:
Erlanger, Steven; de Freytas-Tamura, Kimiko (17 December 2016).
11784:"Anti-Euro Le Pen Party Wins First Parliament Seats in 15 Years"
11255:"French far-right leader Jean-Marie Le Pen sets retirement date"
10444:
9285:
8846:
Erlanger, Steven; de Freytas-Tamura, Kimiko (17 December 2016).
8585:. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press. pp. 91–120.
5509:
uncovered links between high-ranking National Rally figures and
5123:." It also proposed breaking all institutional ties back to the
18708:
17547:
17429:
Marine Le Pen's Protectionist Economics and Social Conservatism
17354:
The French National Front: The Extremist Challenge To Democracy
17042:
13753:"Macron-Le Pen face-off: EU supporter vs. economic nationalist"
11453:
9475:"Jean-Marie Le Pen condamné pour incitation à la haine raciale"
8944:"The ruthlessly effective rebranding of Europe's new far right"
8751:
The French National Front: The Extremist Challenge To Democracy
8452:"Depuis 2011, le FN est devenu "protectionniste au sens large""
8261:
The proportional representation was used in the 1986 elections.
6433:
the rebranded National Rally retained its spot as first party.
5962:
5436:
5298:
4970:
At the end of the 1970s, Jean-Marie Le Pen broke away from the
4952:
3312:
on 7th July, that figure was reduced to 120-170 seats, and the
3055:
Presidential and parliamentary election, rebranding (2017–2022)
3000:
2751:
2692:
2146:
2141:
and on right-wing dismay over the decision by French President
17433:
14741:"Retreating Eurosceptics now settle for 'reforms from within'"
13849:"France's far-right chief pledges to clean up public finances"
13582:"Marine Le Pen's Anti-Islam Message Gains Influence in France"
13462:"France's Marine Le Pen says she's not waging a religious war"
13258:
12849:
12327:"Steve Bannon tells French far-right 'history is on our side'"
11480:
10527:
8248:
It had won a mayorship only once before, in the small town of
6279:, in charge of elections and electoral litigations (2012–2018)
5210:
and suggested the French government should have acted sooner.
2640:, the FN held on to its ten seats, winning 11.7% of the vote.
19095:
19035:
19030:
17559:
15920:"Geert Wilders invites Nigel Farage to join anti-EU alliance"
13482:"Marine Le Pen backs European election alliance with Wilders"
12744:"Publication des candidatures et des résultats aux élections"
12483:"Le parti de Marine le Pen engrange les ralliements à droite"
12039:
10021:
8194:
8182:
6016:
5782:
5245:, on the grounds that this would be "recognising terrorism".
5195:
5100:
4948:
4944:
4538:
2665:
2509:
1666:
175:
15938:"Inevitably, Nigel Farage and Marine Le Pen are now buddies"
15902:"Le Pen's National Front fail to woo Britain's Eurosceptics"
14943:"Le Pen repeats slur that Nazi gas chambers were a 'detail'"
13984:
13538:"The French culture war over Islam shows no sign of abating"
11725:"Marion Le Pen becomes youngest French MP in modern history"
10009:
5989:. Morawiecki later expressed openness to the RN joining the
5805:, also met with Le Pen in Paris. The party also has ties to
5565:. Following the 1989 election, it teamed up with the German
2806:(UMP). The FN failed to hold on to Le Pen's support for the
2092:, receiving 33.9% of the votes in the run-off and losing to
19046:
Association for the Defence of the Memory of Marshal Pétain
17213:
The National Front in France: Ideology, Discourse and Power
17141:
The Radical Right in Western Europe: A Comparative Analysis
17097:
The National Front in France: Ideology, Discourse and Power
15013:"Bruno Gollnisch condamné pour ses propos sur l'Holocauste"
14096:"France's Le Pen wants France, Greece, Spain to ditch euro"
13366:. 20minutes.fr, 5 November 2015. Retrieved 4 December 2016.
13246:
12230:"Marine Le Pen sparks row over new name for Front National"
11377:
11143:
10924:
10876:
10360:
10295:
10283:
10271:
10203:
9997:
8583:
The radical right in Western Europe: a comparative analysis
8284:"Vive la difference – has France's Front National changed?"
8188:
6291:, in charge of local executives and supervision (2014–2018)
5401:
Opinions on the holocaust, and relations with Jewish groups
5159:
3222:
3107:
2746:, the FN polled its best-ever result with 15.3% support in
2738:
and his faction broke out from the FN to form the MNR party
2726:
2070:
1979:
16842:
16840:
16838:
16836:
16834:
16832:
16830:
16828:
14501:"France's cash-strapped far right turns to Russian lender"
14015:
14013:
14011:
13666:
13664:
13662:
13660:
13278:
13276:
12929:
12927:
11449:"Après le "Paquebot", Le Pen vend sa 605 blindée sur eBay"
11430:
11428:
11355:
11353:
11328:
11326:
11301:
11299:
11297:
11284:
11282:
11162:
11160:
11158:
11109:
11107:
11105:
11006:
11004:
11002:
10965:
10963:
10803:
10801:
10259:
9958:
8831:"France's cash-strapped far right turns to Russian lender"
8602:
The Radical Right in Western Europe A Comparative Analysis
8507:
8505:
3091:
became the youngest ever member of the French parliament.
2283:. The party was launched on 5 October 1972 under the name
17407:
FNinfos, the official website of National Front activists
15246:"Is the Kremlin financing Europe's right-wing populists?"
13996:
12998:"E.U. Faces Its Next Big Test as France's Election Looms"
12995:
11608:"France's National Front picks Marine Le Pen as new head"
11389:
11338:
11225:
11131:
11090:
10987:
10975:
10900:
10842:
10840:
10813:
10752:
10750:
10748:
10746:
10744:
10742:
10672:
10670:
10633:
10631:
10629:
10627:
10625:
10623:
10610:
10608:
10606:
10604:
10602:
10505:
10503:
10501:
10499:
10497:
10495:
10467:
10465:
10463:
10461:
10459:
10350:
10348:
10346:
10222:
10220:
10218:
10193:
10191:
10189:
10164:
10162:
9987:
9985:
8848:"E.U. Faces Its Next Big Test as France's Election Looms"
8845:
8727:
France: The Front National, Ethnonationalism and Populism
8704:
The Far Right Today and The ideology of the extreme right
8200:
5849:
5347:, and that French laws should have primacy over EU laws.
4923:
In November 2015, the party stated as its goal to have a
4888:
The party opposed the 2016 criminalisation of the use of
3121:
had already been used as the name of a French party, the
1974:, protection of French identity, and stricter control of
15577:"Austrian far-right in fresh push for EU respectability"
14159:"French Military Operations in Africa Unpopular at Home"
13902:
13900:
13898:
12155:. France 24, 18 December 2017. Retrieved 3 January 2018.
10936:
10687:
10685:
10655:
10482:
10480:
10372:
10331:
10247:
10237:
10235:
10174:
10147:
10135:
10125:
10123:
9919:
9907:
9895:
9883:
8428:"Marine Le Pen says sanctions on Russia are not working"
6376:(2010–2011; interim period during the internal campaign)
6131:
party in 1972 and contested the Presidency of France in
16825:
15842:"Le Pen and Wilders unite to form eurosceptic alliance"
15472:
15460:
15448:
15069:
14961:
14574:"Bardella: No troops or long-range missiles to Ukraine"
14008:
13676:
13657:
13273:
12971:"Victory for France's conservatives in local elections"
12951:
12939:
12924:
12912:
12105:"Why Macron Won: Luck, Skill and France's Dark History"
11575:"Marine Le Pen 'chosen to lead Frances National Front'"
11507:"La Peugeot de Le Pen à nouveau mise en vente sur ebay"
11425:
11413:
11401:
11365:
11350:
11323:
11311:
11294:
11279:
11213:
11155:
11119:
11102:
11052:
11040:
11028:
11016:
10999:
10960:
10948:
10888:
10864:
10852:
10798:
10084:
9970:
9871:
9691:
9689:
9212:
8789:"Victory for France's conservatives in local elections"
8502:
6206:
since 2017. Under her leadership the party was renamed
5534:
4865:, harsher sentencing, increased prison capacity, and a
3239:
3103:
2353:, and generally the creation of a "French and European
15120:"The National Front and the quest for the Jewish vote"
14880:. Enquete&Debat. 23 September 2014. Archived from
10912:
10837:
10825:
10786:
10774:
10739:
10727:
10667:
10620:
10599:
10587:
10575:
10492:
10456:
10343:
10215:
10186:
10159:
10108:
10096:
9982:
9854:"Left-wing surge thwarts far right in French election"
9724:
9722:
9273:
6267:, in charge of training and demonstrations (2011–2018)
5500:
1982:'s integrated command. It also supports reform of the
17406:
17193:
Right-Wing Populism in Europe: Politics and Discourse
16172:"Geert Wilders voit Marine le Pen présidente en 2017"
15969:
https://x.com/EuropeElects/status/1129133778717282309
15021:(in French). Reuters. 18 January 2007. Archived from
14878:"Marine Le Pen, entre souverainisme et identitarisme"
14437:"We should beware Russia's links with Europe's right"
13895:
13381:"Marine Le Pen, France's (Kinder, Gentler) Extremist"
10762:
10682:
10643:
10563:
10551:
10539:
10515:
10477:
10319:
10232:
10120:
10033:
9400:. Policy-network.net. 22 January 2015. Archived from
6285:, in charge of strategy and communication (2012–2017)
5557:
after the 1984 election, which also consisted of the
3065:
On 24 April 2017, a day after the first round of the
2467:
37:"Front National" redirects here. For other uses, see
17773:
17292:"France: The historic victory of the Front National"
15884:"Warfare between Eurosceptic camps: Le Pen v Farage"
15412:"France's Marine Le Pen to Face Trial Over Spending"
13688:
13027:
Meichtry, Stacy; Bisserbe, Noemie (19 August 2015).
11698:"New poll shows far right could squeeze out Sarkozy"
10394:
Political parties and the collapse of the old orders
9686:
9510:"France National Front: Jean-Marie Le Pen suspended"
8917:
Meichtry, Stacy; Bisserbe, Noemie (19 August 2015).
8810:"New poll shows far right could squeeze out Sarkozy"
6202:
from 2004 to 2017 and has served as a deputy of the
5465:
development of radical Islam in problematic areas".
5316:suggested it was not a threat to France or Europe.
3248:, originally founded by Viktor Orbán with the Czech
2397:(1984) and his Catholic fundamentalists, as well as
2125:
The party's ideological roots can be traced to both
17262:
Nationalistes et Conservateurs en France, 1885–1902
12973:. Deutsche Welle. AP, AFP, Reuters. 30 March 2015.
11671:"Far-right's Marine Le Pen leads in shock new poll"
9719:
8873:"Far-right's Marine Le Pen leads in shock new poll"
8791:. Deutsche Welle. AP, AFP, Reuters. 30 March 2015.
8574:
Nationalistes et Conservateurs en France, 1885–1902
5367:
5155:in 1990, and subsequently considered him a friend.
5133:
rejection of the Treaty for a European Constitution
3047:The National Front received 4,712,461 votes in the
2323:'s Justice and Liberty movement; as well as former
19617:Member parties of the Identity and Democracy Party
17161:The Extreme Right in France: From Pétain to Le Pen
15550:"Japanese and European far right gathers in Tokyo"
15045:"Bruno Gollnisch blanchi par la Cour de cassation"
12262:
12103:
9568:. openeurope.org.uk. 23 March 2015. Archived from
8969:"Japanese and European far right gathers in Tokyo"
8553:Hobolt, Sara; De Vries, Catherine (16 June 2020).
2970:
2073:as the main currency of France (together with the
17195:. London/New York: Bloomsbury. pp. 177–190.
16685:"Marie-Christine Arnautu: Functions in the party"
16595:"F. Philippot becomes a vice president of the FN"
13151:"Marine Le Pen's plan to make France great again"
13148:
9398:"The French National Front: On its way to power?"
5793:, whom Le Pen complimented for his stance on the
5553:. The first group it helped co-establish was the
4817:. Jean-Yves Camus and Nicolas Lebourg, following
2462:
19583:
18582:
17297:. In De Sio L.; Emanuele V.; Maggini N. (eds.).
15706:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
13723:"French National Front: Far right or hard left?"
13026:
12301:
11759:(in French). Minister of the Interior (France).
8916:
8333:
5692:group, which consisted of a variety of European
5521:Alleged payment of party officials with EU funds
5460:. After all, the National Front has always been
2977:municipal elections held on 23 and 30 March 2014
2884:
2687:(and thus the mayorship) in three cities in the
2513:monumental turning point in the rise of the FN.
2479:, leader of the National Front from 1972 to 2011
2269:Logo of the National Front between 1972 and 2007
17135:Kitschelt, Herbert; McGann, Anthony J. (1997).
17134:
16391:
15275:
15273:
13267:
12042:"The National Front's victory: France in shock"
10533:
10450:
10027:
9099:Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change
8599:
8580:
6400:As of February 2023, the National Rally has 88
6198:French presidential elections. She served as a
5237:policies over time, particularly following the
1986:(EU) and its related organisations as well as
19667:Political parties of the French Fifth Republic
15996:
15994:
14823:"Ce que Marine le Pen propose pour la défense"
13644:"What does France's National Front stand for?"
13615:
13085:Catherine E. De Vries; Sara B. Hobolt (2020).
12073:"France Shaken by National Front 'Earthquake'"
11813:
11811:
11178:
9590:
8552:
8177:Other customary colours include the following:
5948:revoke the special status of Jammu and Kashmir
5892:In addition, the party has had relations with
5549:The FN has been part of several groups in the
4297:National Centre of Independents & Peasants
3929:Memoirs Illustrating the History of Jacobinism
3229:National Rally–The Republicans alliance crisis
2776:
2303:'s Party of French Unity; "nationalists" from
2005:The party was founded in 1972, created by the
1425:National Centre of Independents & Peasants
1057:Memoirs Illustrating the History of Jacobinism
18568:
18452:
17948:
17759:
17449:
17043:"Résultats de l'élection présidentielle 2017"
16715:"Jean-François Jalkh: Functions in the party"
15723:"Marine Le Pen's awkward day on Capitol Hill"
14336:
14334:
14332:
14093:
12040:Charlemagne European politics (26 May 2014).
9232:"22 MESURES POUR 2022 (22 measures for 2022)"
9025:Garnier, Christophe-Cécil (7 December 2015).
6425:, when it gained 24% of the vote. During the
6151:. He served several terms as a deputy of the
5781:, who is known for his strong stance against
4748:
3979:An Essay on the Inequality of the Human Races
3182:on the left, such as former economy minister
3135:its parliamentary group between 1986 and 1988
2879:
2680:, votes for Le Pen rose to 15% of the total.
2624:comments made by Le Pen and the FN newspaper
2364:
1876:
1107:An Essay on the Inequality of the Human Races
18414:Movement for a Europe of Nations and Freedom
17068:
15688:. Archived from the original on 11 June 2017
15336:
15314:"Marine Le Pen justifie le prêt russe du FN"
15270:
15206:
15204:
14412:. Ukrinform.ua. 26 June 2013. Archived from
13990:
13720:
12855:
12823:
12736:
12719:
12717:
11871:"The French Right Scores a Historic Victory"
10301:
10277:
9256:
8941:
8600:McGann, Anthony; Kitschelt, Herbert (1997).
8581:Kitschelt, Herbert; McGann, Anthony (1995).
8542:
8387:
8006:
7183:
7151:
7086:
7059:
7015:
5561:(MSI), its early inspiration, and the Greek
5420:as "a point of detail of the history of the
4687:
4516:
4497:
4488:
4479:
4470:
4454:
4440:
4426:
4404:
3605:
3578:
3541:
3505:
3486:
3437:
3413:
3375:
3274:
2910:Results by region at the first round of the
2785:Logo for Le Pen's 2002 presidential campaign
2583:
2530:National Centre of Independents and Peasants
2201:
2190:
2182:
2174:
2160:
2154:
2145:to abandon his promise of holding on to the
1815:
1644:
1625:
1616:
1607:
1598:
1582:
1568:
1554:
1532:
733:
706:
669:
633:
614:
565:
541:
503:
18925:Fédération d'action nationale et européenne
17143:. University of Michigan. pp. 91–120.
16745:"Florian Philippot: Functions in the party"
15991:
15005:
11808:
8524:Azéma, Jean-Pierre; Winock, Michel (1994).
8523:
5991:European Conservatives and Reformists Group
5927:; after the election, Vox joined the RN in
5925:European Conservatives and Reformists Group
5468:
5454:criticise the policy of the State of Israel
5158:Marine Le Pen advocated France leaving the
4857:In 2002, Jean-Marie Le Pen campaigned on a
2540:- although in unwinnable positions. Former
18575:
18561:
18459:
18445:
17955:
17941:
17766:
17752:
17456:
17442:
17396:
17230:
14945:. France 24. 27 March 2009. Archived from
14678:"European elections 2019 – as it happened"
14329:
13536:Esposti, Emanuelle Degli; Chaplin, Chris.
13535:
6395:
6000:and the AfD questioning French control of
5915:Since 2018, the RN has had relations with
5848:interviewed for the British radio station
5585:. In 2007, it was part of the short-lived
5544:
5372:The National Rally has advocated for full
5253:Marine Le Pen described Russian President
5054:Le Pen does not plan to withdraw from the
5025:Under Marine Le Pen, the RN has supported
4755:
4741:
2484:indistinguishable, particularly after the
1883:
1869:
408:
18:Front national pour l'unité française
17299:The European Parliament Elections of 2014
15237:
15201:
14630:
14515:
14492:
14459:
14428:
14386:. Tempsreel.nouvelobs.com. 5 March 2014.
14340:
14030:
14028:
13438:
13436:
13434:
13020:
12989:
12714:
12644:"The makeover of France's National Rally"
12254:
11638:"Résultats des élections Cantonales 2011"
11185:The concise Oxford dictionary of politics
11179:McLean, Iain; McMillan, Alistair (2009).
9139:
9096:
8891:
8342:"The rise and rise of France's far right"
8281:
6273:, in charge of social affairs (2011–2018)
3139:National Institute of Industrial Property
2233:
17190:
17013:"Résultat des élections Régionales 2021"
16983:"Résultat des élections Régionales 2015"
16953:"Résultat des élections Régionales 2010"
16923:"Résultat des élections Régionales 2004"
16893:"Résultat des élections Régionales 1998"
15751:
15574:
15118:Boitiaux, Charlotte (14 December 2011).
15117:
14118:
13579:
13554:
13516:
13411:
13374:
13372:
12963:
12723:
12668:
12533:
12260:
12227:
12194:
12101:
12070:
11930:
11716:
11602:
11600:
11569:
11567:
11248:
11246:
11244:
11242:
11240:
9758:
9260:Studia Historica. Historia Contemporánea
8767:
7028:
5785:, which Domenic Powell argues, rises to
5356:structure, which France joined in 2009.
5290:were a "pro-Russian bloc." In 2014, the
4934:
4899:
4766:
3223:Jordan Bardella's leadership (from 2022)
3061:2017 Marine Le Pen presidential campaign
3038:
2905:
2894:
2891:2012 Marine Le Pen presidential campaign
2817:
2780:
2730:
2727:Turmoil and split of the MNR (1997–2002)
2471:
19106:National Council of European Resistance
17351:
17330:
17157:
17113:
16861:
16859:
16857:
16855:
16846:
16535:
15720:
15547:
15478:
15466:
15454:
15075:
14967:
14608:
14465:
14434:
14094:Georgiopoulos, George (20 March 2011).
14019:
14002:
13682:
13670:
13294:
13282:
13252:
12957:
12945:
12933:
12918:
12797:
11821:. Tempsreel.nouvelobs.com. 3 May 2013.
11781:
11434:
11419:
11407:
11395:
11383:
11371:
11359:
11344:
11332:
11317:
11305:
11288:
11231:
11219:
11166:
11149:
11137:
11125:
11113:
11096:
11058:
11046:
11034:
11022:
11010:
10993:
10981:
10969:
10954:
10942:
10930:
10918:
10906:
10894:
10882:
10870:
10858:
10846:
10831:
10819:
10807:
10792:
10780:
10768:
10756:
10733:
10691:
10676:
10661:
10649:
10637:
10614:
10593:
10581:
10569:
10557:
10545:
10521:
10509:
10486:
10471:
10420:"The Many Lives of François Mitterrand"
10378:
10366:
10354:
10337:
10325:
10313:
10289:
10265:
10253:
10241:
10226:
10209:
10197:
10180:
10168:
10153:
10141:
10129:
10114:
10102:
10090:
10051:
10039:
10015:
10003:
9991:
9976:
9964:
9944:. University of Michigan. p. 193.
9925:
9913:
9901:
9889:
9647:
9302:
9300:
9291:
9279:
9024:
8966:
8748:
8743:
8724:
8639:
8547:
8392:. Link.springer.com. pp. 166–180.
8372:"Le RN affirmé avoir 100,000 adhérents"
5711:Alliance of European National Movements
5525:In December 2023, 28 people, including
2928:Alliance of European National Movements
2330:The National Front fared poorly in the
2088:Le Pen reached the second round of the
445: The RN is considered part of the
14:
19602:Anti-Islam political parties in Europe
19584:
17376:Histoire de l'extrême droite en France
17370:
17209:
17094:
16605:from the original on 26 September 2013
16531:
16529:
16527:
15679:
15665:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
15409:
15311:
15210:
15144:
14864:from the original on 24 September 2015
14666:"European far right hails Brexit vote"
14498:
14025:
13803:
13777:
13630:from the original on 25 September 2015
13431:
13378:
13182:
13180:
13178:
13176:
13122:
13118:
13116:
13114:
13057:
12834:Histoire de l'extrême droite en France
11899:
11722:
11668:
11537:
11504:
11252:
11201:from the original on 27 September 2021
9877:
9648:Vinocur, Nicholas (12 February 2024).
9603:from the original on 25 September 2015
9218:
9188:
9164:from the original on 27 September 2021
9078:from the original on 26 September 2021
9051:
8904:from the original on 25 September 2015
8870:
8828:
8668:
8526:Histoire de l'extrême droite en France
8474:
8462:from the original on 27 September 2015
8308:
8282:Gatehouse, Gabriel (5 December 2015).
7637:
6325:
5867:Though the FN had close contacts with
5789:and three-time presidential candidate
5705:(FPÖ) refused to join the efforts, as
5623:Conservative People's Party of Estonia
5185:Le Pen has praised Egyptian President
4773:Department for Protection and Security
4417:(formerly known as: Club de l'Horloge)
2902:, National Front president (2011–2022)
2813:
1545:(formerly known as: Club de l'Horloge)
198:Department for Protection and Security
19662:Political parties established in 1972
19607:Far-right political parties in France
18935:French and European Nationalist Party
18556:
18466:
18440:
17936:
17747:
17437:
17289:
17268:
16873:from the original on 24 February 2017
16775:Marine Le Pen rempile à la tête du FN
16655:"Louis Aliot: Functions in the party"
16625:"Alain Jamet: Functions in the party"
16295:from the original on 24 December 2019
16038:"Nigel Farage turns on Marine Le Pen"
15752:Levenson, Claire (14 February 2017).
15615:from the original on 10 November 2017
15556:from the original on 15 February 2011
15516:
15387:from the original on 2 September 2019
15258:from the original on 16 February 2015
15243:
15126:from the original on 30 December 2011
14829:from the original on 13 November 2013
14511:from the original on 29 January 2015.
14499:Dodman, Benjamin (23 November 2014).
14480:from the original on 29 November 2014
14466:Jauvert, Vincent (27 November 2014).
14390:from the original on 17 December 2014
14034:
13972:from the original on 12 February 2003
13506:. The ILR School, Cornell University.
13369:
13149:Vinocur, Nicholas (4 February 2017).
12802:
12688:"Bardella se récupère à Strasbourg".
12283:from the original on 15 February 2021
11695:
11597:
11564:
11446:
11237:
11172:
11078:from the original on 28 December 2014
10715:from the original on 12 December 2016
10703:
10417:
10390:
9834:from the original on 19 February 2021
9804:from the original on 21 February 2021
9788:
9786:
9771:from the original on 25 February 2021
9669:
9505:Jean-Marie suspension and expulsion:
9485:from the original on 25 February 2021
9337:
9335:
9320:from the original on 6 September 2017
9002:from the original on 27 February 2016
8975:from the original on 15 February 2011
8841:from the original on 29 January 2015.
8829:Dodman, Benjamin (23 November 2014).
8807:
8701:
8618:
8339:
5817:, and addressed an RN event in 2018.
5248:
5233:. The party has shifted towards more
4974:heritage of Poujadism and espoused a
4697:Social thinking of Arthur de Gobineau
3155:In January 2019, ex-Sarkozy minister
2847:legislative election of the same year
2413:, dismissing the FN as becoming "too
2289:Front national pour l'unité française
2216:group that supports the claim of the
2050:, Marine Le Pen pursued a policy of "
1925:
1907:
1825:Social thinking of Arthur de Gobineau
369:Presidencies of Departmental Councils
188:Rassemblement national de la jeunesse
17735:Foundation of Identity and Democracy
17259:
17023:from the original on 7 November 2021
16993:from the original on 7 November 2021
16933:from the original on 7 November 2021
16903:from the original on 29 October 2021
16852:
16359:from the original on 25 October 2021
16196:
15589:from the original on 7 November 2021
15548:Tourret, Nathalie (14 August 2010).
15530:. pp. 11–13, 24. Archived from
15374:
15225:from the original on 14 January 2016
15157:from the original on 11 January 2011
15057:from the original on 7 November 2021
14721:from the original on 20 January 2020
14521:
14447:from the original on 1 December 2016
14341:Lichfield, John (27 November 2014).
14124:
14075:from the original on 20 January 2020
13412:Johannès, Franck (30 January 2021).
13329:"Net migration – France | Data"
13161:from the original on 5 February 2017
12242:from the original on 15 October 2018
12209:from the original on 15 October 2018
12008:
11973:from the original on 13 January 2015
9544:from the original on 8 December 2015
9429:from the original on 23 January 2015
9420:
9297:
8967:Tourret, Nathalie (14 August 2010).
8571:
7650:Elections to the European Parliament
7269:
6436:
5981:leader and Slovenian Prime Minister
5965:leader and Hungarian Prime Minister
5301:. In May 2015, one of her advisers,
5166:and has campaigned against allowing
3240:2024 European parliamentary election
3167:(LR) and joined the National Rally.
2948:, the National Front won two seats:
19597:Anti-immigration politics in France
17876:Union of Democrats and Independents
16813:from the original on 31 August 2019
16800:
16592:
16556:from the original on 31 August 2019
16538:"Organigramme du Front National FN"
16524:
16392:Law and Justice (7 February 2024).
16327:from the original on 2 January 2020
15721:Keating, Joshua (3 November 2011).
15244:Pabst, Sabrina (29 November 2014).
15211:Turchi, Marine (27 November 2014).
13698:. Theconversation.com. 3 May 2012.
13594:from the original on 4 October 2016
13580:Nossiter, Adam (17 November 2015).
13393:from the original on 6 January 2017
13173:
13111:
13066:from the original on 4 January 2019
12669:Malingre, Virginie (10 July 2024).
12385:from the original on 9 January 2019
12083:from the original on 23 August 2014
11505:Sulzer, Alexandre (30 April 2008).
11267:from the original on 3 January 2011
11253:Samuel, Henry (11 September 2008).
10072:from the original on 31 August 2019
9937:
8987:
8144:The party was formerly part of the
8121:The Radical Right in Western Europe
6415:
5645:. The RN has also been part of the
5505:A 2019 undercover investigation by
5501:Links with banned neo-fascist group
5213:Le Pen supports the restoration of
5119:", likening it to a "puppet of the
4457:Union Nationale Inter-universitaire
3013:the 7th arrondissement of Marseille
2264:Logo of the Italian Social Movement
1585:Union Nationale Inter-universitaire
24:
19131:Sovereignty, Identity and Freedoms
18930:Federation of Nationalist Students
18677:French National-Collectivist Party
17962:
17184:
16963:from the original on 20 March 2012
16245:from the original on 4 August 2020
16178:from the original on 18 April 2020
15950:from the original on 15 March 2017
15790:from the original on 14 April 2020
15764:from the original on 29 April 2017
15680:Powell, Domenic (14 August 2012).
15324:from the original on 26 March 2015
15293:from the original on 17 March 2015
15189:from the original on 13 April 2017
14747:from the original on 23 April 2021
13702:from the original on 28 March 2019
13309:from the original on 11 March 2011
13039:from the original on 4 August 2020
12875:from the original on 7 August 2016
12437:from the original on 16 March 2021
12302:McNicholl, Tracy (11 March 2018),
12195:Herreros, Romain (11 March 2018).
11704:from the original on 27 April 2011
11677:from the original on 10 March 2011
11618:from the original on 24 April 2019
11585:from the original on 16 March 2011
11552:from the original on 18 March 2010
11187:. Oxford University. p. 356.
10432:from the original on 23 March 2017
10054:"Chronologie du Front National FN"
9783:
9759:Barbière, Cécile (16 April 2019).
9707:from the original on 11 March 2018
9670:Cohen, Dinah (22 September 2023).
9641:
9457:from the original on 23 March 2021
9421:Craw, Victoria (23 January 2015).
9360:
9332:
8929:from the original on 4 August 2020
8879:from the original on 10 March 2011
8816:from the original on 27 April 2011
6261:, first vice president (2011–2014)
6249:
6019:leader and Israeli Prime Minister
5898:IMRO – Bulgarian National Movement
5746:, and other movements such as the
5669:group with Fidesz, Vox, the Czech
4028:"The Future of the Intelligentsia"
3125:, led by the radical-right lawyer
2826:for Le Pen's 2007 presidential bid
2549:, netting over 30% in some areas.
2468:Electoral breakthrough (1982–1988)
2162:Le cercle national des combattants
1156:"The Future of the Intelligentsia"
25:
19678:
18512:Mémoires : fils de la nation
17610:Other parliamentary group members
17383:
16512:from the original on 16 June 2019
15733:from the original on 27 July 2014
15356:from the original on 4 April 2015
15312:Mestre, Abel (23 November 2014).
14993:from the original on 20 July 2006
14611:Journal of European Public Policy
14435:Harding, Luke (8 December 2014).
14139:from the original on 30 July 2011
14125:Rohr, Mathieu von (7 July 2011).
13759:from the original on 10 July 2021
13733:from the original on 5 April 2015
13555:Khan-Ruf, Safya (22 April 2022).
13517:Belgacem, Assia (22 April 2022).
13379:Shorto, Russell (29 April 2011).
13008:from the original on 2 March 2017
12977:from the original on 1 March 2017
12895:"Parties and Elections in Europe"
12754:from the original on 30 June 2024
12546:from the original on 28 June 2021
12411:from the original on 4 April 2021
12176:from the original on 7 March 2019
12052:from the original on 2 April 2015
12021:from the original on 11 June 2019
11912:from the original on 2 April 2015
11881:from the original on 7 April 2014
11825:from the original on 2 April 2015
11763:from the original on 12 July 2012
11737:from the original on 22 June 2018
11650:from the original on 14 July 2011
9520:from the original on 20 July 2018
9033:from the original on 14 June 2018
8858:from the original on 2 March 2017
8795:from the original on 1 March 2017
8290:from the original on 17 July 2018
6200:Member of the European Parliament
6157:Member of the European Parliament
5987:2022 French presidential election
5961:In October 2021, Le Pen met with
5854:2019 European Parliament election
5663:2024 European Parliament election
5641:and a former member of Romania's
5497:, though this has not coalesced.
5330:
5321:2022 French presidential election
5198:. The party has advocated closer
5090:
4958:The National Rally is considered
4339:French Agrarian and Peasant Party
3202:2022 French presidential election
3159:and former conservative lawmaker
3087:was re-elected. FN's 23-year-old
3081:following parliamentary elections
3049:2014 European Parliament election
2443:(PS), a results that brought the
1970:, advocating significant cuts to
1467:French Agrarian and Peasant Party
341:Presidencies of Regional Councils
19000:Revolutionary Nationalist Groups
17617:
17594:
17582:
17570:
17558:
17546:
17534:
17522:
17510:
17498:
17301:. Rome: CISE. pp. 181–188.
17264:(in French). Les Indes Savantes.
17233:Modern & Contemporary France
17035:
17005:
16975:
16945:
16915:
16885:
16794:
16767:
16737:
16707:
16677:
16647:
16617:
16586:
16580:ici, par France Bleu et France 3
16568:
16494:
16476:
16458:
16440:
16422:
16404:
16385:
16371:
16339:
16307:
16275:
16257:
16231:
16213:
16190:
16164:
16146:
16128:
16110:
16092:
16074:
16062:from the original on 24 May 2019
16048:
16030:
16012:
15973:
15962:
15930:
15912:
15894:
15876:
15862:
15848:
15834:
15822:from the original on 4 June 2020
15802:
15776:
15745:
15714:
15673:
15647:from the original on 21 May 2019
15627:
15601:
15568:
15541:
15510:
15484:
15426:
15410:Kostov, Nick (8 December 2023).
15403:
15368:
15305:
15169:
15138:
15111:
15099:from the original on 19 May 2021
15081:
15037:
14973:
14935:
14909:
14891:
14841:
14815:
14803:from the original on 19 May 2021
14785:
14759:
14733:
14703:
14655:
14602:
14584:
14566:
14548:
14536:from the original on 16 May 2015
14402:
14376:
14359:
14311:
14293:
14275:
14257:
14239:
14225:
14211:
14190:
14172:
14151:
14087:
14061:
14049:from the original on 18 May 2013
13958:
13944:
13918:
13877:
13859:
13841:
13823:
13804:Brunet, Romain (29 March 2023).
13797:
13771:
13745:
13714:
13606:
13573:
13567:
13548:
13529:
13510:
13496:
13474:
13454:
13405:
13347:
13335:from the original on 19 May 2021
13321:
13288:
13216:
13198:
13142:
13105:
13078:
13058:Taylor, Kyle (24 January 2017).
13051:
12887:
12861:
12788:
12766:
12696:
12681:
12662:
12636:
12610:
12584:
12558:
12527:
12515:from the original on 19 May 2021
12501:
12489:from the original on 19 May 2021
12475:
12463:from the original on 19 May 2021
12449:
12423:
12397:
12371:
12343:
12319:
12295:
12261:Nossiter, Adam (10 March 2018).
12221:
12188:
12158:
12138:
12095:
12064:
12033:
12002:
11985:
11955:
11943:from the original on 29 May 2014
11924:
11893:
11863:
11837:
11782:Fouquet, Helene (17 June 2012).
11775:
11749:
11689:
11662:
11630:
11531:
11498:
11473:
11461:from the original on 22 May 2011
11440:
11064:
9740:from the original on 1 June 2018
9481:. lemonde.fr. 24 February 2005.
9189:Ivaldi, Gilles (18 April 2016).
8954:from the original on 8 July 2020
8892:Lichfield, John (1 March 2015).
8604:. University of Michigan Press.
8487:from the original on 7 July 2015
8352:from the original on 8 July 2024
8321:from the original on 3 July 2024
8255:
8242:
8233:
8158:Identity, Tradition, Sovereignty
7989:
7972:
7971:
7939:
7938:
7901:
7900:
7868:
7867:
7833:
7832:
7800:
7799:
7765:
7764:
7731:
7625:
7624:
7580:
7579:
7535:
7534:
7490:
7489:
7450:
7449:
7402:
7401:
7353:
7255:
7241:
7217:
7204:
7203:
7177:
7176:
7145:
7144:
7121:
7120:
7107:
7106:
7079:
7053:
7052:
7009:
7008:
6936:
6935:
6895:
6894:
6859:
6858:
6823:
6822:
6783:
6749:
6748:
6713:
6712:
6677:
6676:
6641:
6640:
6605:
6604:
6570:
6537:
6504:
6218:
6167:
6108:
6009:2024 French legislative election
5719:("right-wing") movement and the
5665:, the National Rally joined the
5587:Identity, Tradition, Sovereignty
5395:
5368:Electoral reform and referendums
5040:2024 French legislative election
4852:
4722:
4710:
3349:
3291:2024 French legislative election
3281:2024 French legislative election
3209:2022 French legislative election
2251:
2242:
2115:snap French legislative election
1850:
1838:
477:
61:
18995:Rassemblement National Français
17463:
16582:(in French). 12 September 2021.
15575:Phillips, Leigh (9 June 2011).
15145:Primor, Adar (7 January 2011).
14923:from the original on 1 May 2021
13204:Samuel, Henry (15 April 2022).
13186:Samuel, Henry (14 April 2022).
13123:Samuel, Henry (24 April 2022).
12724:Barbarit, Simon (3 July 2024).
12349:Ganley, Elaine (10 March 2018)
12228:Willsher, Kim (12 March 2018).
12126:from the original on 9 May 2017
12071:Meichtry, Stacy (26 May 2014).
11931:Meichtry, Stacy (25 May 2014).
11900:Samuel, Henry (23 March 2014).
11696:Bamat, Joseph (23 April 2011).
11538:Samuel, Henry (15 March 2010).
11447:Riché, Pascal (29 April 2008).
10697:
10418:Birch, Jonah (19 August 2015).
10411:
10384:
10045:
9931:
9846:
9830:(in French). 12 February 2020.
9816:
9752:
9615:
9591:John Lichfield (1 March 2015).
9584:
9558:
9499:
9387:
9250:
9224:
9182:
9176:
9133:
9090:
9045:
8808:Bamat, Joseph (23 April 2011).
8475:Taylor, Adam (8 January 2015).
8224:
8215:
8205:
8171:
8154:Technical Group of Independents
6947:
6129:National Front for French Unity
6032:The executive bureau features:
5597:group, which also includes the
5583:Technical Group of Independents
5537:funds which were earmarked for
5243:2023 Hamas-led attack on Israel
4422:Initiative and Liberty Movement
3123:Rassemblement National Français
2971:Electoral successes (2012–2017)
2285:National Front for French Unity
1550:Initiative and Liberty Movement
32:National Rally (disambiguation)
18421:Europe of Nations and Freedom
16869:. European Election Database.
15147:"The daughter as de-demonizer"
14767:"L'OTAN vue par Marine le Pen"
14035:James, Barry (23 April 2002).
13966:"Le Pen and his feminine side"
13778:Conesa, Elsa (18 April 2022).
13616:John Lichfield (26 May 2014).
13295:Squires, Nick (8 March 2011).
13230:. 7 April 2016. Archived from
12871:. Lefigaro.fr. 13 April 2015.
12534:Willsher, Kim (27 June 2021).
12325:Willsher, Kim (10 March 2018)
11723:Samuel, Henry (17 June 2012).
10704:Fabre, Clarisse (4 May 2002).
9941:Political parties of the world
9800:(in French). 29 January 2021.
9625:. France24.com. Archived from
9052:Ivaldi, Gilles (18 May 2016).
9018:
8729:. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
8702:Mudde, Cas (25 October 2019).
8557:. Princeton University Press.
8441:
8378:
8364:
8309:Corbet, Sylvie (3 July 2024).
8275:
8138:
7732:
7354:
7256:
7242:
7218:
7080:
6784:
6571:
6538:
6505:
6337:Dominique Chaboche (1973–1976)
6233:Acting since 13 September 2021
6127:Jean-Marie Le Pen founded the
5912:to join the ID Party in 2024.
5044:2023 French pension reform law
4895:
3191:2021 French regional elections
2912:2015 French regional elections
2463:Jean-Marie Le Pen's leadership
2359:Revolutionary Communist League
2228:
2027:was elected as her successor.
1948:parliamentary opposition party
1938:political party, described as
449:and does not oppose democracy.
13:
1:
19657:National conservative parties
19647:Eurosceptic parties in France
19637:1972 establishments in France
19632:Right-wing populism in France
19457:Active publications and media
18727:Revolutionary Social Movement
16867:"France: Elections 1990–2010"
15517:Mareš, Miroslav (July 2006).
14623:10.1080/13501763.2020.1754885
12102:Nossiter, Adam (7 May 2017).
8687:10.1080/0031322X.2015.1069063
8654:10.1080/01419870.2015.1016071
8390:Twenty-First Century Populism
8268:
8162:Europe of Nations and Freedom
6340:Victor Barthélémy (1976–1978)
6079:
6064:(deputy regional councilor),
6027:
5820:The FN allied with the Dutch
5771:U.S. House of Representatives
5754:(Belgian Flanders), Germany (
5736:European Alliance for Freedom
5495:Russia's annexation of Crimea
5376:in France, claiming that the
5129:accession of Turkey to the EU
3131:presidential campaign in 1965
2930:and joined the more moderate
2885:Revival of the FN (2011–2012)
2336:Front national de la jeunesse
2120:
2110:European Parliament elections
1909:[ʁasɑ̃bləmɑ̃nɑsjɔnal]
19622:Right-wing parties in France
19111:National Republican Movement
18646:Antisemitic League of France
18584:Far-right politics in France
17245:10.1080/09639489.2012.691290
17080:. Harvard University Press.
17078:Far-Right Politics in Europe
14522:Vaux, Pierre (14 May 2015).
13721:Henry Astier (16 May 2014).
12899:www.parties-and-elections.eu
11967:International Business Times
11669:Frosch, Jon (7 March 2011).
10391:White, John Kenneth (1998).
10316:, pp. 179–180, 185–187.
9140:Forchtner, Bernhard (2020).
8871:Frosch, Jon (7 March 2011).
8340:Kirby, Paul (30 June 2024).
5811:White House Chief Strategist
5647:Identity and Democracy Party
5615:Freedom and Direct Democracy
4883:capital punishment in France
4384:Union for a Popular Movement
3144:During that party congress,
3127:Jean-Louis Tixier-Vignancour
3033:International Business Times
2932:European Alliance of Freedom
2804:Union for a Popular Movement
2763:National Republican Movement
2506:20th arrondissement of Paris
2171:Jean-Louis Tixier-Vignancour
2137:movement founded in 1953 by
2102:2022 parliamentary elections
1512:Union for a Popular Movement
437:
7:
19627:Right-wing populist parties
19071:Equality and Reconciliation
18733:Service d'ordre légionnaire
17776:political parties in France
17352:Simmons, Harvey G. (1996).
17114:DeClair, Edward G. (1999).
16751:(in French). Archived from
16721:(in French). Archived from
16691:(in French). Archived from
16661:(in French). Archived from
16631:(in French). Archived from
15609:"Marine Le Pen en Autriche"
15398:want when we are in power.'
15352:(in French). 3 April 2015.
15053:(in French). 24 June 2009.
14989:(in French). 13 July 2006.
13268:Kitschelt & McGann 1997
10534:Kitschelt & McGann 1997
10451:Kitschelt & McGann 1997
10028:Kitschelt & McGann 1997
8988:Van, Sonia (29 July 2011).
8749:Simmons, Harvey G. (1996).
8109:
7631:Leftist Union + Ecologists
6204:National Assembly of France
6153:National Assembly of France
5374:proportional representation
5362:Russian invasion of Ukraine
5261:has been subjugated by the
5065:
3323:
3178:, former LR officials, and
2777:Presidential run-off (2002)
2423:European Parliament in 1979
1966:presidential elections. It
1946:. It is the single largest
1920:from 1972 to 2018 (French:
10:
19683:
19652:French nationalist parties
18975:Organisation Armée Secrète
18920:European Rally for Liberty
17061:
15436:. Reuters. 8 December 2023
13213:. Retrieved 17 April 2022.
13195:. Retrieved 17 April 2022.
12692:. 10 July 2024. p. 2.
12009:John, Mark (25 May 2014).
11646:(in French). 26 May 2011.
7361:Union for French Democracy
6427:2017 presidential election
5979:Slovenian Democratic Party
5938:following the decision by
5657:, which was later renamed
5286:that the National Front's
5072:2002 legislative elections
5049:
4965:
4925:net legal immigration rate
4322:VIA, the Way of the People
4057:The Tears of the White Man
3939:The Genius of Christianity
3278:
3226:
3058:
2939:2012 presidential election
2888:
2880:Marine Le Pen's leadership
2843:2007 presidential election
2822:National advertisement in
2808:2002 legislative elections
2791:2002 presidential election
2744:1997 legislative elections
2678:1995 presidential election
2674:1993 legislative elections
2614:1988 legislative elections
2607:1988 presidential election
2554:1986 legislative elections
2502:Union for French Democracy
2430:1981 presidential election
2419:1978 legislative elections
2379:revolutionary nationalists
2365:FN–PFN rivalry (1973–1981)
2343:1974 presidential election
2332:1973 legislative elections
2281:1973 legislative elections
2223:
2167:1965 presidential election
2090:2017 presidential election
1450:VIA, the Way of the People
1185:The Tears of the White Man
1067:The Genius of Christianity
114:Parliamentary party leader
36:
29:
19533:
19456:
19410:
19149:
19018:
18900:
18749:
18631:
18590:
18522:
18503:
18488:Blue, White and Red Rally
18474:
18405:
18396:Rassemblement bleu Marine
18387:
18380:
18317:Rassemblement bleu Marine
18314:
18282:
18255:
18228:
18161:
18054:
18003:
17972:
17912:
17889:
17861:
17838:
17805:
17782:
17728:
17702:
17678:
17652:
17636:
17609:
17490:
17483:
17473:
16201:. Srpskanarodnapartija.rs
16197:Име* (12 November 2021).
12598:(in French). 12 June 2022
11481:"Encyclopedia Britannica"
11181:"National Front (France)"
9294:, pp. 46, 56 and 71.
8942:Polakow-Suransky, Sasha.
8669:Mondon, Aurelien (2015).
8642:Ethnic and Racial Studies
8007:Congress of New Caledonia
7995:Run in a joint list with
7919:
7839:
7684:
7547:
7495:
7412:
7407:
7321:
7164:
7040:
6966:
6963:
6960:
6957:
6954:
6796:
6479:
6391:Steeve Briois (2017–2018)
6346:Pierre Gérard (1980–1981)
6343:Alain Renault (1978–1980)
6315:Steeve Briois (2018–2022)
6242:
6217:
6214:
6185:
6166:
6163:
6126:
6107:
6104:
5637:, a former member of the
5635:Congress of the New Right
5307:Donetsk People's Republic
5227:Israel-Palestine conflict
4443:Nouvelle Action Royaliste
3275:2024 legislative election
3189:In the months before the
2946:2012 legislative election
2584:Consolidation (1988–1997)
2454:1981 legislative election
1571:Nouvelle Action Royaliste
416:
400:
395:
381:
367:
353:
339:
325:
311:
297:
286:
274:European Parliament group
272:
260:
254:Rassemblement bleu Marine
249:
237:
214:
203:
193:
181:
166:
156:
138:
124:
113:
87:
77:
69:
60:
48:
19411:Ideologies and movements
17797:New Anticapitalist Party
17693:Von der Leyen Commission
17017:Minister of the Interior
16987:Minister of the Interior
16957:Minister of the Interior
16927:Minister of the Interior
16897:Minister of the Interior
16199:"Српска народна партија"
15526:. Brno, Czech Republic:
14351:. London. Archived from
13991:Camus & Lebourg 2017
12856:Camus & Lebourg 2017
12824:Camus & Lebourg 2017
12794:Scholarly descriptions:
12748:Ministère de l'Intérieur
12332:15 February 2021 at the
11643:French Interior Ministry
10302:Camus & Lebourg 2017
10278:Camus & Lebourg 2017
8543:Camus & Lebourg 2017
8398:10.1057/9780230592100_11
8317:. The Associated Press.
8131:
6334:Alain Robert (1972–1973)
5969:, Polish Prime Minister
5828:, the new leader of the
5703:Freedom Party of Austria
5599:Freedom Party of Austria
5563:National Political Union
5469:Czecho-Russian bank loan
5219:Lebanese economic crisis
5200:France–Morocco relations
5172:2010–2011 Ivorian crisis
4519:Service d'Action Civique
4019:Enquête sur la monarchie
3919:Considerations on France
3477:Catholic social teaching
3331:This article is part of
3266:Lega per Salvini Premier
3217:parliamentary opposition
2689:1995 municipal elections
2494:1983 municipal elections
2435:The election was won by
2411:French Nationalist Party
1988:economic interventionism
1647:Service d'Action Civique
1147:Enquête sur la monarchie
1047:Considerations on France
605:Catholic social teaching
459:This article is part of
383:Departmental Councillors
53:
19592:National Rally (France)
18940:Front Algérie Française
18055:Presidential candidates
18020:Marie-Christine Arnautu
17705:at the European Council
17260:Joly, Bertrand (2008).
17158:Shields, James (2007).
16773:AFP (30 November 2014)
14857:. Politics.as.nyu.edu.
13062:. Pew Research Center.
13033:The Wall Street Journal
12776:. Euronews. 2 July 2024
12077:The Wall Street Journal
11937:The Wall Street Journal
9938:Day, Alan John (2002).
9417:Devil of the Republic:
9373:Encyclopædia Britannica
8923:The Wall Street Journal
8572:Joly, Bertrand (2008).
6431:2019 European elections
6423:2014 European elections
6396:Elected representatives
6271:Marie-Christine Arnautu
5740:Heinz-Christian Strache
5732:Heinz-Christian Strache
5611:Alternative for Germany
5559:Italian Social Movement
5545:International relations
5350:
5221:. The party supports a
5056:Paris Climate Agreement
4771:Members of the party's
4717:Conservatism portal
4507:Independent Republicans
4354:Independent Republicans
4047:Violence and the Sacred
3959:St Petersburg Dialogues
3098:left the FN and formed
2921:2011 cantonal elections
2874:2010 regional elections
2836:2004 European elections
2832:2004 regional elections
2638:1989 European elections
2631:1988 cantonal elections
2547:1985 cantonal elections
2522:1984 European elections
2500:(RPR) and the centrist
2297:Italian Social Movement
1845:Conservatism portal
1635:Independent Republicans
1482:Independent Republicans
1175:Violence and the Sacred
1087:St Petersburg Dialogues
239:Political position
170:114 bis rue Michel-Ange
19570:Algiers putsch of 1961
19556:6 February 1934 crisis
19121:Rassemblement National
19061:Carrefour de l'Horloge
18722:National Popular Rally
18237:Marion Maréchal-Le Pen
17815:French Communist Party
17679:European Commissioners
17210:Davies, Peter (1999).
17095:Davies, Peter (2012).
16749:Rassemblement National
16719:Rassemblement National
16689:Rassemblement National
16659:Rassemblement National
16629:Rassemblement National
16536:De Boissieu, Laurent.
16506:Rassemblement National
12151:9 January 2018 at the
11996:14 August 2015 at the
11789:Bloomberg Businessweek
11074:. Archives.lesoir.be.
10052:De Boissieu, Laurent.
9236:Rassemblement National
8725:Rydgren, Jens (2008).
8212:departments threefold.
8166:Identity and Democracy
8126:Radical right (Europe)
7409:Rally for the Republic
7303:Regional presidencies
6060:(regional councilor),
5944:Bharatiya Janata Party
5906:Serbian People's Party
5595:Identity and Democracy
5515:Christelle Lechevalier
5215:France-Syria relations
5082:had 36%, and Chirac's
4905:
4890:prostitution in France
4869:on re-introducing the
4776:
4688:
4517:
4498:
4489:
4480:
4471:
4455:
4441:
4427:
4414:Carrefour de l'Horloge
4405:
4369:Rally for the Republic
4292:Future with Confidence
3606:
3579:
3542:
3506:
3487:
3438:
3414:
3376:
3342:Conservatism in France
3287:union of the far-right
3119:Rassemblement national
3115:Rassemblement national
3044:
2915:
2903:
2827:
2786:
2771:1999 European election
2739:
2577:the regional elections
2498:Rally for the Republic
2490:tournant de la rigueur
2480:
2315:'s and Alain Robert's
2234:Foundation (1972–1973)
2220:to the French throne.
2210:Restauration Nationale
2202:
2191:
2183:
2175:
2161:
2155:
2083:European Economic Area
2063:Rassemblement National
1927:[fʁɔ̃nɑsjɔnal]
1921:
1901:Rassemblement national
1900:
1816:
1645:
1626:
1617:
1608:
1599:
1583:
1569:
1555:
1542:Carrefour de l'Horloge
1533:
1497:Rally for the Republic
1420:Future with Confidence
734:
707:
670:
634:
615:
566:
542:
504:
470:Conservatism in France
144:; 51 years ago
54:Rassemblement National
27:French political party
18651:Breton National Party
17475:Parliamentary group:
17333:Parliamentary Affairs
17290:Russo, Luana (2014).
17269:Mayer, Nonna (2013).
17045:. Elections.bfmtv.com
16320:The Telegraph (India)
15414:. Wall Street Journal
15050:Le Nouvel Observateur
14473:Le Nouvel Observateur
13488:. 14 September 2013.
13362:29 April 2017 at the
12840:6 August 2020 at the
12803:Mayer, Nonna (2013).
12356:4 August 2020 at the
10018:, pp. 31, 36–37.
9203:10.3917/pouv.157.0115
8708:John Wiley & Sons
8675:Patterns of Prejudice
8621:Parliamentary Affairs
8576:. Les Indes Savantes.
8528:. Éditions du Seuil.
5894:Krasimir Karakachanov
5841:UK Independence Party
5760:Slovak National Party
5744:UK Independence Party
5639:UK Independence Party
5631:Danish People's Party
5593:. It was part of the
5384:and green politician
5267:Revolution of Dignity
5239:2023 Israel–Hamas war
5176:2011 Libyan civil war
4935:Islam and immigration
4903:
4885:if she were elected.
4843:national conservative
4819:Pierre-André Taguieff
4770:
4678:Immigrant criminality
4658:Clerical philosophers
4374:Republican Federation
4037:The Reign of Quantity
3715:Blanc de Saint-Bonnet
3630:Thermidorian Reaction
3588:Traditional authority
3392:Political Catholicism
3176:Nicolas Dupont-Aignan
3067:presidential election
3042:
2909:
2898:
2821:
2784:
2734:
2475:
1806:Immigrant criminality
1786:Clerical philosophers
1502:Republican Federation
1165:The Reign of Quantity
843:Blanc de Saint-Bonnet
758:Thermidorian Reaction
716:Traditional authority
520:Political Catholicism
403:rassemblementnational
19445:Révolution nationale
18945:Groupe Union Défense
18910:Charles Martel Group
18740:Solidarité Française
18682:French Popular Party
18170:Jean-Pierre Stirbois
17920:Miscellaneous centre
16801:AFP (16 June 2019).
16593:AFP (12 July 2012).
16174:. 29 November 2014.
16124:. 18 September 2023.
16088:. 23 September 2022.
15025:on 30 September 2007
14355:on 11 February 2015.
11519:on 27 September 2011
10397:. SUNY. p. 38.
10369:, pp. 182, 198.
10292:, pp. 181, 184.
10212:, pp. 177, 185.
10006:, pp. 159, 169.
9029:(in French). Slate.
8422:. 18 September 2016.
8250:Saint-Gilles-du-Gard
6410:National Rally group
6350:Jean-Pierre Stirbois
5773:associated with the
5192:United Arab Emirates
5187:Abdel Fattah El-Sisi
5027:economic nationalism
4668:French–German enmity
4067:The Tyranny of Guilt
3969:Democracy in America
3667:Second French Empire
3416:Révolution nationale
2566:Agence France-Presse
2488:' "austerity turn" (
2383:Jean-Pierre Stirbois
2319:; the anti-Gaullist
2185:Groupe Union Défense
1796:French–German enmity
1195:The Tyranny of Guilt
1097:Democracy in America
795:Second French Empire
544:Révolution nationale
355:Regional Councillors
262:European affiliation
250:National affiliation
30:For other uses, see
19546:Franco-Prussian War
19292:Le Pen (Jean-Marie)
19101:League of the South
19091:Generation Identity
18980:Party of New Forces
18960:Nouvelle Résistance
18716:Mouvement Franciste
18702:Ligue des Patriotes
18688:Jeunesses Patriotes
18362:Paul-Marie Coûteaux
18348:Miscellaneous right
18283:Leadership election
18229:Chamber of Deputies
18202:Jean-François Jalkh
18162:General Secretaries
18036:Jean-François Jalkh
17924:Miscellaneous right
17853:Democratic Movement
17820:La France Insoumise
17703:Heads of government
17669:European Parliament
17653:European Parliament
17477:Patriots for Europe
17120:. Duke University.
16755:on 11 November 2013
16725:on 11 November 2013
16665:on 10 November 2013
16635:on 11 November 2013
16355:. 22 October 2021.
16323:. 28 October 2019.
16291:. 29 October 2019.
16241:. 2 December 2018.
15926:. 13 November 2013.
15872:. 15 December 2013.
15844:. 13 November 2013.
15289:. 8 December 2014.
14949:on 3 September 2013
14919:. 4 February 2021.
14743:. 6 November 2019.
14717:. 16 January 2019.
14370:6 July 2015 at the
14204:. 25 October 2016.
14186:. 15 December 2020.
14071:. 16 January 2019.
13255:, pp. 177–185.
11730:The Daily Telegraph
11614:. 16 January 2011.
11581:. 15 January 2011.
11386:, pp. 291–293.
11152:, pp. 277–279.
10933:, pp. 247–249.
10885:, pp. 235–237.
9967:, pp. 163–164.
9572:on 19 November 2015
9404:on 15 February 2018
9111:2019WIRCC..10E.604F
8481:The Washington Post
7653:
7644:European Parliament
7638:European Parliament
7278:
7030:did not participate
6445:
6374:Jean-François Jalkh
6326:General Secretaries
6277:Jean-François Jalkh
6011:, Israeli minister
5993:in February 2024.
5929:Patriots for Europe
5667:Patriots for Europe
5619:Dutch Freedom Party
5551:European Parliament
5539:European Parliament
5511:Generation Identity
5426:concentration camps
5345:European Commission
5325:Russo-Ukrainian War
5139:, both in the 1991
5060:European Green Deal
4573:La Nation française
4349:Movement for France
4344:French Social Party
4159:Political positions
4149:Le Pen (Jean-Marie)
3770:Fustel de Coulanges
3657:Bourbon Restoration
3652:Second White Terror
3397:Christian democracy
3246:Patriots for Europe
3195:la droite populaire
3106:and abandoning the
2814:Decline (2003–2010)
2748:metropolitan France
2496:, the centre-right
2437:François Mitterrand
2399:Jean-Yves Le Gallou
2371:Party of New Forces
1976:illegal immigration
1968:opposes immigration
1940:right-wing populist
1701:La Nation française
1477:Movement for France
1472:French Social Party
1287:Political positions
1277:Le Pen (Jean-Marie)
898:Fustel de Coulanges
785:Bourbon Restoration
780:Second White Terror
525:Christian democracy
327:European Parliament
279:Patriots for Europe
229:Right-wing populism
142:5 October 1972
120:(National Assembly)
19465:Boulevard Voltaire
18985:Phalange Française
17916:Miscellaneous left
17412:7 May 2017 at the
17356:. Westview Press.
17318:on 27 October 2014
16780:9 May 2015 at the
16695:on 14 October 2014
16418:. 26 January 2024.
16381:. 5 February 2022.
16288:The New York Times
16142:. 2 February 2024.
15611:. Front National.
15537:on 18 August 2011.
15528:Masaryk University
14307:. 5 November 2023.
14289:. 22 October 2023.
14251:Morocco World News
14235:. 19 January 2023.
14221:. 17 October 2023.
14042:The New York Times
13587:The New York Times
13386:The New York Times
13002:The New York Times
12690:Le Canard Enchaîné
12269:The New York Times
12144:Louise Nordstorm,
12111:The New York Times
10268:, p. 180–184.
9540:. 20 August 2015.
9442:Holocaust denial:
8852:The New York Times
8753:. Westview Press.
7642:
7274:
6441:
6408:as members of the
6404:. They sit in the
6048:(vice-president),
6044:(vice-president),
6040:(vice-president),
6021:Benjamin Netanyahu
5971:Mateusz Morawiecki
5775:Tea Party movement
5701:. The significant
5653:and the Bulgarian
5643:Conservative Party
5486:Reinhard Bütikofer
5430:Court of Cassation
5293:Nouvel Observateur
5249:Russia and Ukraine
5223:two-state solution
5170:. During both the
4906:
4837:) and social (the
4777:
4663:European New Right
4587:Le Figaro Magazine
4552:Famille chrétienne
4429:La Manif pour tous
4077:The French Suicide
3690:Barbey d'Aurevilly
3640:Companions of Jehu
3635:First White Terror
3482:Counter-revolution
3366:French nationalism
3264:, and the Italian
3045:
3025:Camaret-sur-Aigues
2916:
2904:
2828:
2787:
2740:
2661:affaire du foulard
2656:Ayatollah Khomeini
2481:
1791:European New Right
1715:Le Figaro Magazine
1680:Famille chrétienne
1557:La Manif pour tous
1205:The French Suicide
818:Barbey d'Aurevilly
768:Companions of Jehu
763:First White Terror
610:Counter-revolution
494:French nationalism
421:Politics of France
224:French nationalism
19612:Jean-Marie Le Pen
19579:
19578:
19387:Tixier-Vignancour
18955:L'Œuvre Française
18832:Drieu La Rochelle
18550:
18549:
18468:Jean-Marie Le Pen
18434:
18433:
18430:
18429:
18028:Florian Philippot
17985:Jean-Marie Le Pen
17930:
17929:
17741:
17740:
17632:
17631:
17345:10.1093/pa/gss076
17308:978-88-98012-15-2
17223:978-0-415-15866-4
17202:978-1-78093-343-6
17175:978-0-415-37200-8
17150:978-0-472-08441-8
17127:978-0-8223-2139-2
17106:978-1-134-72530-4
16502:"Bureau Exécutif"
16490:. 7 October 2024.
15946:. 14 March 2017.
15375:Harrison, David.
15185:. 12 April 2017.
14799:. 14 March 2017.
14271:. 8 October 2023.
14005:, pp. 282 f.
13755:. 23 April 2017.
13234:on 28 August 2017
13210:Irish Independent
12869:"Jean-Yves Camus"
12858:, pp. 12–13.
12650:. 16 October 2022
12433:. 12 March 2021.
12172:. 11 March 2018.
11969:. 31 March 2014.
11877:. 31 March 2014.
11398:, pp. 292 f.
11347:, pp. 288 f.
11234:, pp. 280 f.
11194:978-0-19-920516-5
11140:, pp. 271 f.
11099:, pp. 264 f.
10996:, pp. 262 f.
10984:, pp. 260 f.
10909:, pp. 236 f.
10822:, pp. 223 f.
10664:, pp. 64–66.
10453:, pp. 95–98.
10404:978-0-7914-4067-4
10156:, pp. 174 f.
10144:, pp. 173 f.
9951:978-0-9536278-7-5
9928:, pp. 13–17.
9916:, pp. 27–31.
9904:, pp. 25–27.
9892:, pp. 21–24.
9880:, pp. 31–35.
9703:. 11 March 2018.
9393:Softening image:
9221:, pp. 46–55.
9157:978-1-351-10402-9
9071:978-1-317-41978-5
8633:10.1093/pa/gss071
8458:. 21 April 2014.
8407:978-1-349-28476-4
8152:(1989–1994), the
8148:(1984–1989), the
8107:
8106:
7985:
7984:
7686:Jean-Marie Le Pen
7635:
7634:
7323:Jean-Marie Le Pen
7276:Regional councils
7270:Regional councils
7267:
7266:
7042:Jean-Marie Le Pen
6998:Jean-Marie Le Pen
6945:
6944:
6481:Jean-Marie Le Pen
6443:National Assembly
6437:National Assembly
6406:National Assembly
6283:Florian Philippot
6247:
6246:
6234:
6115:Jean-Marie Le Pen
6074:Jean-Paul Garraud
6056:(spokesperson),
5977:(PiS) party, and
5936:Jammu and Kashmir
5873:Brothers of Italy
5822:Party for Freedom
5758:), and Slovakia (
5673:, the Portuguese
5613:(AfD), the Czech
5579:National Alliance
5418:Nazi gas chambers
5341:Council of the EU
5229:and welcomed the
5010:, to one between
4765:
4764:
4729:France portal
4673:French Revolution
4632:Valeurs actuelles
4134:de La Tour du Pin
3999:What Is a Nation?
3625:War in the Vendée
3314:New Popular Front
3306:absolute majority
3252:and the Austrian
3213:National Assembly
3184:Arnaud Montebourg
3161:Jean-Paul Garraud
3096:Florian Philippot
3017:Villers-Cotterêts
2961:François Hollande
2685:absolute majority
2593:, one of the new
2477:Jean-Marie Le Pen
2450:absolute majority
2313:François Brigneau
2143:Charles de Gaulle
2133:, small business
2106:National Assembly
2011:Jean-Marie Le Pen
1972:legal immigration
1952:National Assembly
1893:
1892:
1857:France portal
1801:French Revolution
1760:Valeurs actuelles
1262:de La Tour du Pin
1127:What Is a Nation?
753:War in the Vendée
454:
453:
426:Political parties
299:National Assembly
210:100,000 (claimed)
129:Jean-Marie Le Pen
16:(Redirected from
19674:
19513:Radio Courtoisie
19494:
19150:Post-1945 people
19081:The Nationalists
19066:Debout la France
19026:Action Française
18903:post-1945 groups
18640:Action Française
18577:
18570:
18563:
18554:
18553:
18543:(wife 1960–1987)
18541:Pierrette Le Pen
18461:
18454:
18447:
18438:
18437:
18423:
18416:
18398:
18385:
18384:
18373:
18365:
18357:
18350:
18343:
18342:
18329:
18318:
18307:
18306:
18293:
18275:
18267:
18248:
18240:
18221:
18213:
18205:
18197:
18189:
18181:
18173:
18154:
18142:
18130:
18118:
18106:
18094:
18082:
18070:
18047:
18039:
18031:
18023:
18015:
17996:
17988:
17976:
17966:
17957:
17950:
17943:
17934:
17933:
17768:
17761:
17754:
17745:
17744:
17719:European Council
17655:Group Presidents
17622:
17621:
17599:
17598:
17587:
17586:
17575:
17574:
17563:
17562:
17551:
17550:
17539:
17538:
17527:
17526:
17515:
17514:
17503:
17502:
17488:
17487:
17467:
17458:
17451:
17444:
17435:
17434:
17403:
17400:
17395:
17394:
17392:Official website
17379:
17367:
17348:
17327:
17325:
17323:
17317:
17311:. Archived from
17296:
17286:
17284:
17282:
17273:. Archived from
17265:
17256:
17227:
17206:
17179:
17154:
17131:
17110:
17091:
17074:Lebourg, Nicolas
17070:Camus, Jean-Yves
17055:
17054:
17052:
17050:
17039:
17033:
17032:
17030:
17028:
17009:
17003:
17002:
17000:
16998:
16979:
16973:
16972:
16970:
16968:
16949:
16943:
16942:
16940:
16938:
16919:
16913:
16912:
16910:
16908:
16889:
16883:
16882:
16880:
16878:
16863:
16850:
16844:
16823:
16822:
16820:
16818:
16798:
16792:
16786:
16771:
16765:
16764:
16762:
16760:
16741:
16735:
16734:
16732:
16730:
16711:
16705:
16704:
16702:
16700:
16681:
16675:
16674:
16672:
16670:
16651:
16645:
16644:
16642:
16640:
16621:
16615:
16614:
16612:
16610:
16590:
16584:
16583:
16572:
16566:
16565:
16563:
16561:
16542:France Politique
16533:
16522:
16521:
16519:
16517:
16498:
16492:
16491:
16480:
16474:
16473:
16462:
16456:
16455:
16444:
16438:
16437:
16436:. 20 April 2024.
16426:
16420:
16419:
16408:
16402:
16401:
16389:
16383:
16382:
16375:
16369:
16368:
16366:
16364:
16343:
16337:
16336:
16334:
16332:
16311:
16305:
16304:
16302:
16300:
16279:
16273:
16272:
16261:
16255:
16254:
16252:
16250:
16235:
16229:
16228:
16217:
16211:
16210:
16208:
16206:
16194:
16188:
16187:
16185:
16183:
16168:
16162:
16161:
16150:
16144:
16143:
16132:
16126:
16125:
16114:
16108:
16107:
16096:
16090:
16089:
16078:
16072:
16071:
16069:
16067:
16052:
16046:
16045:
16034:
16028:
16027:
16016:
16010:
16009:
15998:
15989:
15988:
15977:
15971:
15966:
15960:
15959:
15957:
15955:
15934:
15928:
15927:
15916:
15910:
15909:
15908:. 19 April 2014.
15898:
15892:
15891:
15880:
15874:
15873:
15866:
15860:
15859:
15852:
15846:
15845:
15838:
15832:
15831:
15829:
15827:
15806:
15800:
15799:
15797:
15795:
15786:. 9 March 2018.
15780:
15774:
15773:
15771:
15769:
15749:
15743:
15742:
15740:
15738:
15718:
15712:
15711:
15705:
15697:
15695:
15693:
15677:
15671:
15670:
15664:
15656:
15654:
15652:
15646:
15639:
15631:
15625:
15624:
15622:
15620:
15605:
15599:
15598:
15596:
15594:
15572:
15566:
15565:
15563:
15561:
15545:
15539:
15538:
15536:
15525:
15514:
15508:
15507:
15505:
15503:
15488:
15482:
15476:
15470:
15464:
15458:
15452:
15446:
15445:
15443:
15441:
15430:
15424:
15423:
15421:
15419:
15407:
15401:
15400:
15394:
15392:
15372:
15366:
15365:
15363:
15361:
15340:
15334:
15333:
15331:
15329:
15309:
15303:
15302:
15300:
15298:
15277:
15268:
15267:
15265:
15263:
15241:
15235:
15234:
15232:
15230:
15208:
15199:
15198:
15196:
15194:
15173:
15167:
15166:
15164:
15162:
15142:
15136:
15135:
15133:
15131:
15115:
15109:
15108:
15106:
15104:
15095:. 3 April 2015.
15085:
15079:
15073:
15067:
15066:
15064:
15062:
15041:
15035:
15034:
15032:
15030:
15009:
15003:
15002:
15000:
14998:
14977:
14971:
14965:
14959:
14958:
14956:
14954:
14939:
14933:
14932:
14930:
14928:
14913:
14907:
14906:
14895:
14889:
14885:
14884:on 7 March 2016.
14873:
14871:
14869:
14863:
14856:
14845:
14839:
14838:
14836:
14834:
14819:
14813:
14812:
14810:
14808:
14789:
14783:
14782:
14780:
14778:
14769:. Archived from
14763:
14757:
14756:
14754:
14752:
14737:
14731:
14730:
14728:
14726:
14707:
14701:
14697:
14685:
14673:
14659:
14653:
14652:
14634:
14617:(9): 1388–1405.
14606:
14600:
14599:
14588:
14582:
14581:
14570:
14564:
14563:
14552:
14546:
14545:
14543:
14541:
14519:
14513:
14512:
14496:
14490:
14489:
14487:
14485:
14463:
14457:
14456:
14454:
14452:
14432:
14426:
14425:
14423:
14421:
14406:
14400:
14399:
14397:
14395:
14380:
14374:
14363:
14357:
14356:
14338:
14327:
14326:
14315:
14309:
14308:
14297:
14291:
14290:
14279:
14273:
14272:
14261:
14255:
14254:
14243:
14237:
14236:
14229:
14223:
14222:
14215:
14209:
14208:
14194:
14188:
14187:
14176:
14170:
14169:
14163:Voice of America
14155:
14149:
14148:
14146:
14144:
14122:
14116:
14115:
14113:
14111:
14106:on 24 March 2011
14102:. Archived from
14091:
14085:
14084:
14082:
14080:
14065:
14059:
14058:
14056:
14054:
14032:
14023:
14017:
14006:
14000:
13994:
13988:
13982:
13981:
13979:
13977:
13962:
13956:
13955:
13948:
13942:
13941:
13939:
13937:
13922:
13916:
13915:
13914:. 14 April 2022.
13904:
13893:
13892:
13881:
13875:
13874:
13863:
13857:
13856:
13845:
13839:
13838:
13827:
13821:
13820:
13818:
13816:
13801:
13795:
13794:
13792:
13790:
13775:
13769:
13768:
13766:
13764:
13749:
13743:
13742:
13740:
13738:
13718:
13712:
13711:
13709:
13707:
13692:
13686:
13680:
13674:
13668:
13655:
13651:
13639:
13637:
13635:
13610:
13604:
13603:
13601:
13599:
13577:
13571:
13565:
13564:
13552:
13546:
13545:
13533:
13527:
13526:
13514:
13508:
13507:
13500:
13494:
13493:
13478:
13472:
13471:
13458:
13452:
13451:
13450:. 15 April 2022.
13440:
13429:
13428:
13426:
13424:
13409:
13403:
13402:
13400:
13398:
13376:
13367:
13355:
13351:
13345:
13344:
13342:
13340:
13325:
13319:
13318:
13316:
13314:
13292:
13286:
13280:
13271:
13265:
13256:
13250:
13244:
13243:
13241:
13239:
13220:
13214:
13202:
13196:
13184:
13171:
13170:
13168:
13166:
13146:
13140:
13139:
13137:
13135:
13120:
13109:
13103:
13102:
13082:
13076:
13075:
13073:
13071:
13055:
13049:
13048:
13046:
13044:
13024:
13018:
13017:
13015:
13013:
12993:
12987:
12986:
12984:
12982:
12967:
12961:
12955:
12949:
12943:
12937:
12931:
12922:
12916:
12910:
12909:
12907:
12905:
12891:
12885:
12884:
12882:
12880:
12865:
12859:
12853:
12847:
12820:
12818:
12816:
12807:. Archived from
12792:
12786:
12785:
12783:
12781:
12770:
12764:
12763:
12761:
12759:
12740:
12734:
12733:
12721:
12712:
12711:
12700:
12694:
12693:
12685:
12679:
12678:
12666:
12660:
12659:
12657:
12655:
12640:
12634:
12633:
12631:
12629:
12614:
12608:
12607:
12605:
12603:
12588:
12582:
12581:
12579:
12577:
12562:
12556:
12555:
12553:
12551:
12531:
12525:
12524:
12522:
12520:
12505:
12499:
12498:
12496:
12494:
12479:
12473:
12472:
12470:
12468:
12453:
12447:
12446:
12444:
12442:
12427:
12421:
12420:
12418:
12416:
12401:
12395:
12394:
12392:
12390:
12375:
12369:
12366:Business Insider
12361:Associated Press
12347:
12341:
12323:
12317:
12316:
12315:
12313:
12299:
12293:
12292:
12290:
12288:
12266:
12258:
12252:
12251:
12249:
12247:
12225:
12219:
12218:
12216:
12214:
12192:
12186:
12185:
12183:
12181:
12162:
12156:
12142:
12136:
12135:
12133:
12131:
12107:
12099:
12093:
12092:
12090:
12088:
12068:
12062:
12061:
12059:
12057:
12037:
12031:
12030:
12028:
12026:
12006:
12000:
11989:
11983:
11982:
11980:
11978:
11959:
11953:
11952:
11950:
11948:
11928:
11922:
11921:
11919:
11917:
11897:
11891:
11890:
11888:
11886:
11867:
11861:
11860:
11858:
11856:
11847:. Archived from
11841:
11835:
11834:
11832:
11830:
11815:
11806:
11805:
11803:
11801:
11792:. Archived from
11779:
11773:
11772:
11770:
11768:
11753:
11747:
11746:
11744:
11742:
11720:
11714:
11713:
11711:
11709:
11693:
11687:
11686:
11684:
11682:
11666:
11660:
11659:
11657:
11655:
11634:
11628:
11627:
11625:
11623:
11604:
11595:
11594:
11592:
11590:
11571:
11562:
11561:
11559:
11557:
11535:
11529:
11528:
11526:
11524:
11515:. Archived from
11502:
11496:
11495:
11493:
11491:
11477:
11471:
11470:
11468:
11466:
11444:
11438:
11432:
11423:
11417:
11411:
11405:
11399:
11393:
11387:
11381:
11375:
11369:
11363:
11357:
11348:
11342:
11336:
11330:
11321:
11315:
11309:
11303:
11292:
11286:
11277:
11276:
11274:
11272:
11250:
11235:
11229:
11223:
11217:
11211:
11210:
11208:
11206:
11176:
11170:
11164:
11153:
11147:
11141:
11135:
11129:
11123:
11117:
11111:
11100:
11094:
11088:
11087:
11085:
11083:
11068:
11062:
11056:
11050:
11044:
11038:
11032:
11026:
11020:
11014:
11008:
10997:
10991:
10985:
10979:
10973:
10967:
10958:
10952:
10946:
10945:, pp. 94 f.
10940:
10934:
10928:
10922:
10916:
10910:
10904:
10898:
10892:
10886:
10880:
10874:
10868:
10862:
10856:
10850:
10844:
10835:
10829:
10823:
10817:
10811:
10805:
10796:
10790:
10784:
10778:
10772:
10766:
10760:
10754:
10737:
10731:
10725:
10724:
10722:
10720:
10710:
10701:
10695:
10689:
10680:
10674:
10665:
10659:
10653:
10647:
10641:
10635:
10618:
10612:
10597:
10591:
10585:
10579:
10573:
10567:
10561:
10555:
10549:
10543:
10537:
10531:
10525:
10519:
10513:
10507:
10490:
10484:
10475:
10469:
10454:
10448:
10442:
10441:
10439:
10437:
10415:
10409:
10408:
10388:
10382:
10381:, p. 182 f.
10376:
10370:
10364:
10358:
10352:
10341:
10340:, p. 181 f.
10335:
10329:
10323:
10317:
10311:
10305:
10299:
10293:
10287:
10281:
10275:
10269:
10263:
10257:
10256:, p. 178 f.
10251:
10245:
10239:
10230:
10224:
10213:
10207:
10201:
10195:
10184:
10183:, p. 176 f.
10178:
10172:
10166:
10157:
10151:
10145:
10139:
10133:
10127:
10118:
10112:
10106:
10100:
10094:
10093:, pp. 38 f.
10088:
10082:
10081:
10079:
10077:
10058:France Politique
10049:
10043:
10037:
10031:
10025:
10019:
10013:
10007:
10001:
9995:
9989:
9980:
9979:, pp. 36 f.
9974:
9968:
9962:
9956:
9955:
9935:
9929:
9923:
9917:
9911:
9905:
9899:
9893:
9887:
9881:
9875:
9869:
9868:
9866:
9864:
9850:
9844:
9843:
9841:
9839:
9820:
9814:
9813:
9811:
9809:
9790:
9781:
9780:
9778:
9776:
9756:
9750:
9749:
9747:
9745:
9726:
9717:
9716:
9714:
9712:
9693:
9684:
9679:
9664:
9662:
9660:
9645:
9639:
9638:
9636:
9634:
9619:
9613:
9612:
9610:
9608:
9588:
9582:
9581:
9579:
9577:
9562:
9556:
9553:
9551:
9549:
9529:
9527:
9525:
9503:
9497:
9494:
9492:
9490:
9466:
9464:
9462:
9453:. 6 April 2016.
9438:
9436:
9434:
9413:
9411:
9409:
9391:
9385:
9384:
9382:
9380:
9368:"National Rally"
9364:
9358:
9357:
9355:
9353:
9339:
9330:
9329:
9327:
9325:
9304:
9295:
9289:
9283:
9277:
9271:
9270:
9254:
9248:
9247:
9245:
9243:
9228:
9222:
9216:
9210:
9209:
9197:(157): 115–126.
9186:
9180:
9174:
9173:
9171:
9169:
9137:
9131:
9130:
9094:
9088:
9087:
9085:
9083:
9049:
9043:
9042:
9040:
9038:
9022:
9016:
9011:
9009:
9007:
8984:
8982:
8980:
8963:
8961:
8959:
8938:
8936:
8934:
8913:
8911:
8909:
8888:
8886:
8884:
8867:
8865:
8863:
8842:
8825:
8823:
8821:
8804:
8802:
8800:
8777:
8764:
8740:
8721:
8698:
8665:
8648:(8): 1355–1361.
8636:
8615:
8596:
8577:
8568:
8539:
8509:
8500:
8496:
8494:
8492:
8471:
8469:
8467:
8445:
8439:
8435:
8423:
8411:
8382:
8376:
8375:
8368:
8362:
8361:
8359:
8357:
8337:
8331:
8330:
8328:
8326:
8306:
8300:
8299:
8297:
8295:
8279:
8262:
8259:
8253:
8246:
8240:
8237:
8231:
8228:
8222:
8219:
8213:
8209:
8203:
8199:
8193:
8187:
8181:
8175:
8169:
8164:(2015–2019) and
8142:
8102:
8082:
8062:
8042:
8011:
8010:
8000:
7993:
7975:
7974:
7967:
7942:
7941:
7934:
7904:
7903:
7896:
7871:
7870:
7863:
7836:
7835:
7828:
7803:
7802:
7795:
7768:
7767:
7760:
7735:
7734:
7727:
7699:
7654:
7641:
7628:
7627:
7620:
7613:
7583:
7582:
7575:
7568:
7538:
7537:
7530:
7523:
7493:
7492:
7485:
7478:
7453:
7452:
7445:
7438:
7405:
7404:
7397:
7390:
7357:
7356:
7349:
7342:
7294:2nd round votes
7288:1st round votes
7279:
7273:
7259:
7258:
7245:
7244:
7221:
7220:
7207:
7206:
7180:
7179:
7148:
7147:
7124:
7123:
7110:
7109:
7083:
7082:
7056:
7055:
7012:
7011:
6952:
6951:
6939:
6938:
6930:
6898:
6897:
6889:
6862:
6861:
6853:
6826:
6825:
6817:
6787:
6786:
6779:
6752:
6751:
6743:
6716:
6715:
6707:
6680:
6679:
6671:
6644:
6643:
6635:
6608:
6607:
6599:
6574:
6573:
6566:
6541:
6540:
6533:
6508:
6507:
6500:
6461:2nd round votes
6455:1st round votes
6446:
6440:
6416:Election results
6232:
6222:
6181:5 November 2022
6178:15 January 2011
6171:
6122:15 January 2011
6112:
6100:
6095:
6084:
6083:
6070:Philippe Olivier
5917:Santiago Abascal
5813:under President
5809:, who served as
5803:Dana Rohrabacher
5748:Sweden Democrats
5569:and the Belgian
5422:Second World War
5378:two-round system
5343:rather than the
5180:Operation Serval
5168:dual citizenship
5117:world government
4757:
4750:
4743:
4727:
4726:
4725:
4715:
4714:
4713:
4693:
4625:Radio Courtoisie
4606:
4522:
4503:
4494:
4485:
4476:
4460:
4446:
4432:
4418:
4410:
4407:Action Française
4379:Resistance Party
4364:Rally for France
4287:The Nationalists
4277:Debout la France
4124:de Chateaubriand
4092:
4082:
4072:
4062:
4052:
4042:
4032:
4024:
4014:
4004:
3994:
3989:The Ancient City
3984:
3974:
3964:
3954:
3944:
3934:
3924:
3750:de Chateaubriand
3611:
3584:
3569:Social hierarchy
3547:
3511:
3492:
3443:
3419:
3381:
3353:
3343:
3328:
3327:
3165:Les Republicains
2867:Holocaust denial
2717:
2709:Catherine Mégret
2385:(1977) and his "
2255:
2246:
2207:
2204:Action Française
2196:
2188:
2180:
2164:
2158:
2096:. Again in the
2044:Holocaust denial
1998:for breaches of
1929:
1916:), known as the
1911:
1906:
1885:
1878:
1871:
1855:
1854:
1853:
1843:
1842:
1841:
1821:
1753:Radio Courtoisie
1734:
1650:
1631:
1622:
1613:
1604:
1588:
1574:
1560:
1546:
1538:
1535:Action Française
1507:Resistance Party
1492:Rally for France
1415:The Nationalists
1405:Debout la France
1252:de Chateaubriand
1220:
1210:
1200:
1190:
1180:
1170:
1160:
1152:
1142:
1132:
1122:
1117:The Ancient City
1112:
1102:
1092:
1082:
1072:
1062:
1052:
878:de Chateaubriand
739:
712:
697:Social hierarchy
675:
639:
620:
571:
547:
509:
481:
471:
456:
455:
440:
412:
407:
404:
390:
376:
362:
348:
334:
320:
306:
292:
207:
157:Preceded by
152:
150:
145:
65:
46:
45:
21:
19682:
19681:
19677:
19676:
19675:
19673:
19672:
19671:
19642:Euronat members
19582:
19581:
19580:
19575:
19529:
19488:
19452:
19433:Nouvelle Droite
19406:
19297:Le Pen (Marine)
19145:
19136:Terre et Peuple
19116:Party of France
19076:Europe-Jeunesse
19051:Cité catholique
19014:
18990:Radical Network
18902:
18896:
18750:Pre-1945 people
18745:
18657:Camelots du Roi
18632:Pre-1945 groups
18627:
18586:
18581:
18551:
18546:
18518:
18499:
18470:
18465:
18435:
18426:
18419:
18412:
18401:
18394:
18376:
18368:
18360:
18355:Gilbert Collard
18353:
18346:
18336:
18332:
18325:
18316:
18310:
18300:
18296:
18289:
18278:
18270:
18264:Stéphane Ravier
18262:
18251:
18245:Gilbert Collard
18243:
18235:
18224:
18216:
18208:
18200:
18192:
18186:Bruno Gollnisch
18184:
18176:
18168:
18157:
18145:
18133:
18121:
18109:
18097:
18085:
18073:
18061:
18050:
18042:
18034:
18026:
18018:
18010:
18004:Vice-Presidents
17999:
17991:
17983:
17974:
17968:
17964:
17961:
17931:
17926:
17908:
17885:
17881:The Republicans
17857:
17834:
17830:Socialist Party
17801:
17778:
17772:
17742:
17737:
17724:
17704:
17698:
17674:
17654:
17648:
17644:Gerolf Annemans
17637:Party President
17628:
17616:
17605:
17593:
17581:
17569:
17557:
17545:
17533:
17521:
17509:
17497:
17479:
17469:
17465:
17462:
17414:Wayback Machine
17401:
17390:
17389:
17386:
17364:
17321:
17319:
17315:
17309:
17294:
17280:
17278:
17277:on 26 June 2015
17224:
17203:
17187:
17185:Further reading
17182:
17176:
17151:
17128:
17107:
17088:
17064:
17059:
17058:
17048:
17046:
17041:
17040:
17036:
17026:
17024:
17011:
17010:
17006:
16996:
16994:
16981:
16980:
16976:
16966:
16964:
16951:
16950:
16946:
16936:
16934:
16921:
16920:
16916:
16906:
16904:
16891:
16890:
16886:
16876:
16874:
16865:
16864:
16853:
16845:
16826:
16816:
16814:
16799:
16795:
16784:
16782:Wayback Machine
16772:
16768:
16758:
16756:
16743:
16742:
16738:
16728:
16726:
16713:
16712:
16708:
16698:
16696:
16683:
16682:
16678:
16668:
16666:
16653:
16652:
16648:
16638:
16636:
16623:
16622:
16618:
16608:
16606:
16591:
16587:
16574:
16573:
16569:
16559:
16557:
16534:
16525:
16515:
16513:
16500:
16499:
16495:
16482:
16481:
16477:
16472:. 10 July 2024.
16464:
16463:
16459:
16446:
16445:
16441:
16428:
16427:
16423:
16410:
16409:
16405:
16390:
16386:
16377:
16376:
16372:
16362:
16360:
16345:
16344:
16340:
16330:
16328:
16313:
16312:
16308:
16298:
16296:
16281:
16280:
16276:
16263:
16262:
16258:
16248:
16246:
16237:
16236:
16232:
16227:. 1 March 2024.
16219:
16218:
16214:
16204:
16202:
16195:
16191:
16181:
16179:
16170:
16169:
16165:
16152:
16151:
16147:
16134:
16133:
16129:
16116:
16115:
16111:
16106:. 1 April 2024.
16098:
16097:
16093:
16080:
16079:
16075:
16065:
16063:
16054:
16053:
16049:
16036:
16035:
16031:
16018:
16017:
16013:
16000:
15999:
15992:
15979:
15978:
15974:
15967:
15963:
15953:
15951:
15936:
15935:
15931:
15918:
15917:
15913:
15900:
15899:
15895:
15882:
15881:
15877:
15868:
15867:
15863:
15858:. 28 July 2004.
15854:
15853:
15849:
15840:
15839:
15835:
15825:
15823:
15818:. 12 May 2019.
15808:
15807:
15803:
15793:
15791:
15782:
15781:
15777:
15767:
15765:
15750:
15746:
15736:
15734:
15719:
15715:
15699:
15698:
15691:
15689:
15678:
15674:
15658:
15657:
15650:
15648:
15644:
15637:
15635:"Archived copy"
15633:
15632:
15628:
15618:
15616:
15607:
15606:
15602:
15592:
15590:
15573:
15569:
15559:
15557:
15546:
15542:
15534:
15523:
15515:
15511:
15501:
15499:
15496:Politico Europe
15490:
15489:
15485:
15477:
15473:
15465:
15461:
15453:
15449:
15439:
15437:
15432:
15431:
15427:
15417:
15415:
15408:
15404:
15390:
15388:
15373:
15369:
15359:
15357:
15342:
15341:
15337:
15327:
15325:
15310:
15306:
15296:
15294:
15279:
15278:
15271:
15261:
15259:
15242:
15238:
15228:
15226:
15209:
15202:
15192:
15190:
15175:
15174:
15170:
15160:
15158:
15143:
15139:
15129:
15127:
15116:
15112:
15102:
15100:
15087:
15086:
15082:
15074:
15070:
15060:
15058:
15043:
15042:
15038:
15028:
15026:
15011:
15010:
15006:
14996:
14994:
14979:
14978:
14974:
14966:
14962:
14952:
14950:
14941:
14940:
14936:
14926:
14924:
14915:
14914:
14910:
14905:. 19 June 2024.
14897:
14896:
14892:
14888:
14876:
14867:
14865:
14861:
14854:
14850:
14846:
14842:
14832:
14830:
14821:
14820:
14816:
14806:
14804:
14791:
14790:
14786:
14776:
14774:
14765:
14764:
14760:
14750:
14748:
14739:
14738:
14734:
14724:
14722:
14709:
14708:
14704:
14700:
14688:
14682:Financial Times
14676:
14672:. 24 June 2016.
14664:
14660:
14656:
14607:
14603:
14598:. 17 July 2024.
14590:
14589:
14585:
14580:. 19 June 2024.
14572:
14571:
14567:
14554:
14553:
14549:
14539:
14537:
14529:The Daily Beast
14520:
14516:
14497:
14493:
14483:
14481:
14464:
14460:
14450:
14448:
14433:
14429:
14419:
14417:
14416:on 8 March 2014
14408:
14407:
14403:
14393:
14391:
14382:
14381:
14377:
14372:Wayback Machine
14364:
14360:
14348:The Independent
14339:
14330:
14325:. 24 June 2024.
14323:Middle East Eye
14317:
14316:
14312:
14299:
14298:
14294:
14281:
14280:
14276:
14263:
14262:
14258:
14253:. 31 July 2024.
14245:
14244:
14240:
14231:
14230:
14226:
14217:
14216:
14212:
14196:
14195:
14191:
14178:
14177:
14173:
14157:
14156:
14152:
14142:
14140:
14123:
14119:
14109:
14107:
14092:
14088:
14078:
14076:
14067:
14066:
14062:
14052:
14050:
14033:
14026:
14018:
14009:
14001:
13997:
13989:
13985:
13975:
13973:
13968:. 28 May 2002.
13964:
13963:
13959:
13954:. 26 June 2024.
13950:
13949:
13945:
13935:
13933:
13924:
13923:
13919:
13906:
13905:
13896:
13891:. 12 June 2024.
13883:
13882:
13878:
13873:. 18 June 2024.
13871:Financial Times
13865:
13864:
13860:
13855:. 24 June 2024.
13853:Financial Times
13847:
13846:
13842:
13837:. 27 June 2024.
13829:
13828:
13824:
13814:
13812:
13802:
13798:
13788:
13786:
13776:
13772:
13762:
13760:
13751:
13750:
13746:
13736:
13734:
13719:
13715:
13705:
13703:
13694:
13693:
13689:
13681:
13677:
13669:
13658:
13654:
13642:
13633:
13631:
13623:The Independent
13611:
13607:
13597:
13595:
13578:
13574:
13568:
13553:
13549:
13534:
13530:
13523:The Independent
13515:
13511:
13502:
13501:
13497:
13480:
13479:
13475:
13470:. 5 March 2017.
13460:
13459:
13455:
13442:
13441:
13432:
13422:
13420:
13410:
13406:
13396:
13394:
13377:
13370:
13364:Wayback Machine
13353:
13352:
13348:
13338:
13336:
13327:
13326:
13322:
13312:
13310:
13293:
13289:
13281:
13274:
13266:
13259:
13251:
13247:
13237:
13235:
13222:
13221:
13217:
13203:
13199:
13185:
13174:
13164:
13162:
13155:Politico Europe
13147:
13143:
13133:
13131:
13121:
13112:
13106:
13099:
13083:
13079:
13069:
13067:
13056:
13052:
13042:
13040:
13025:
13021:
13011:
13009:
12994:
12990:
12980:
12978:
12969:
12968:
12964:
12956:
12952:
12944:
12940:
12932:
12925:
12917:
12913:
12903:
12901:
12893:
12892:
12888:
12878:
12876:
12867:
12866:
12862:
12854:
12850:
12842:Wayback Machine
12814:
12812:
12811:on 26 June 2015
12793:
12789:
12779:
12777:
12772:
12771:
12767:
12757:
12755:
12742:
12741:
12737:
12722:
12715:
12702:
12701:
12697:
12687:
12686:
12682:
12667:
12663:
12653:
12651:
12642:
12641:
12637:
12627:
12625:
12616:
12615:
12611:
12601:
12599:
12590:
12589:
12585:
12575:
12573:
12572:. 24 April 2022
12564:
12563:
12559:
12549:
12547:
12532:
12528:
12518:
12516:
12507:
12506:
12502:
12492:
12490:
12485:. 11 May 2021.
12481:
12480:
12476:
12466:
12464:
12459:. 16 May 2021.
12455:
12454:
12450:
12440:
12438:
12429:
12428:
12424:
12414:
12412:
12403:
12402:
12398:
12388:
12386:
12377:
12376:
12372:
12358:Wayback Machine
12348:
12344:
12334:Wayback Machine
12324:
12320:
12311:
12309:
12300:
12296:
12286:
12284:
12259:
12255:
12245:
12243:
12235:theguardian.com
12226:
12222:
12212:
12210:
12193:
12189:
12179:
12177:
12164:
12163:
12159:
12153:Wayback Machine
12143:
12139:
12129:
12127:
12100:
12096:
12086:
12084:
12069:
12065:
12055:
12053:
12038:
12034:
12024:
12022:
12007:
12003:
11998:Wayback Machine
11990:
11986:
11976:
11974:
11961:
11960:
11956:
11946:
11944:
11929:
11925:
11915:
11913:
11898:
11894:
11884:
11882:
11869:
11868:
11864:
11854:
11852:
11843:
11842:
11838:
11828:
11826:
11817:
11816:
11809:
11799:
11797:
11796:on 21 June 2012
11780:
11776:
11766:
11764:
11755:
11754:
11750:
11740:
11738:
11721:
11717:
11707:
11705:
11694:
11690:
11680:
11678:
11667:
11663:
11653:
11651:
11636:
11635:
11631:
11621:
11619:
11606:
11605:
11598:
11588:
11586:
11573:
11572:
11565:
11555:
11553:
11536:
11532:
11522:
11520:
11503:
11499:
11489:
11487:
11479:
11478:
11474:
11464:
11462:
11445:
11441:
11433:
11426:
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11414:
11406:
11402:
11394:
11390:
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11378:
11370:
11366:
11358:
11351:
11343:
11339:
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11295:
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11144:
11136:
11132:
11124:
11120:
11112:
11103:
11095:
11091:
11081:
11079:
11070:
11069:
11065:
11057:
11053:
11045:
11041:
11033:
11029:
11021:
11017:
11009:
11000:
10992:
10988:
10980:
10976:
10968:
10961:
10953:
10949:
10941:
10937:
10929:
10925:
10917:
10913:
10905:
10901:
10893:
10889:
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9774:
9772:
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9743:
9741:
9736:. 1 June 2018.
9728:
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9710:
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9695:
9694:
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9658:
9656:
9646:
9642:
9632:
9630:
9629:on 13 June 2018
9621:
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9597:The Independent
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9425:. News.com.au.
9416:
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9378:
9376:
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9313:The Independent
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9134:
9119:10.1002/wcc.604
9095:
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9081:
9079:
9072:
9064:. p. 225.
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9019:
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9003:
8978:
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8957:
8955:
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8907:
8905:
8898:The Independent
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8210:
8206:
8197:
8191:
8185:
8179:
8178:
8176:
8172:
8143:
8139:
8134:
8116:Neo-nationalism
8112:
8103:
8100:
8083:
8080:
8063:
8060:
8043:
8040:
8009:
8004:
8003:
7994:
7990:
7968:
7965:
7935:
7932:
7921:Jordan Bardella
7897:
7894:
7864:
7861:
7829:
7826:
7796:
7793:
7761:
7758:
7728:
7725:
7700:
7697:
7646:
7640:
7621:
7618:
7614:
7611:
7587:The Republicans
7576:
7573:
7569:
7566:
7531:
7528:
7524:
7521:
7497:Socialist Party
7486:
7483:
7479:
7476:
7446:
7443:
7439:
7436:
7398:
7395:
7391:
7388:
7350:
7347:
7343:
7340:
7272:
6950:
6941:
6931:
6928:
6911:Jordan Bardella
6900:
6890:
6887:
6864:
6854:
6851:
6828:
6818:
6815:
6780:
6777:
6754:
6744:
6741:
6718:
6708:
6705:
6682:
6672:
6669:
6646:
6636:
6633:
6610:
6600:
6597:
6567:
6564:
6534:
6531:
6501:
6498:
6439:
6418:
6398:
6362:Bruno Gollnisch
6328:
6295:Jordan Bardella
6252:
6250:Vice Presidents
6230:
6229:5 November 2022
6225:Jordan Bardella
6223:
6172:
6119:5 October 1972
6113:
6098:
6093:
6082:
6058:Gilles Pennelle
6034:Jordan Bardella
6030:
5975:Law and Justice
5956:Law and Justice
5954:, and Poland's
5886:Marion Maréchal
5877:Emmanuel Macron
5769:members of the
5721:Yasukuni Shrine
5679:Voice of Reason
5603:Northern League
5547:
5529:and her father
5523:
5503:
5481:The Independent
5471:
5440:daily newspaper
5403:
5398:
5382:François Bayrou
5370:
5358:Jordan Bardella
5353:
5333:
5314:Thierry Mariani
5251:
5231:Abraham Accords
5164:customs borders
5121:New World Order
5093:
5068:
5052:
5031:value-added tax
4972:anti-capitalist
4968:
4937:
4898:
4855:
4833:), ethnic (the
4810:Nouvelle Droite
4793:Nicolas Lebourg
4789:Jean-Yves Camus
4761:
4723:
4721:
4711:
4709:
4702:
4701:
4646:
4638:
4637:
4604:
4534:
4526:
4525:
4482:Cercle Proudhon
4473:Camelots du Roi
4450:Student Cockade
4416:
4397:
4389:
4388:
4312:The Republicans
4272:Alliance Royale
4264:
4256:
4255:
4154:Le Pen (Marine)
4104:
4096:
4095:
4090:
4080:
4070:
4060:
4050:
4040:
4030:
4022:
4012:
4002:
3992:
3982:
3972:
3962:
3952:
3942:
3932:
3922:
3913:
3905:
3904:
3685:
3677:
3676:
3662:Ultra-royalists
3601:
3593:
3592:
3508:Noblesse oblige
3467:
3459:
3458:
3378:Nouvelle Droite
3361:
3341:
3326:
3283:
3277:
3242:
3234:Jordan Bardella
3231:
3225:
3172:Gérald Darmanin
3157:Thierry Mariani
3085:Gilbert Collard
3071:Emmanuel Macron
3063:
3057:
3009:Mantes-la-Ville
2973:
2965:Nicolas Sarkozy
2954:Marion Maréchal
2950:Gilbert Collard
2893:
2887:
2882:
2816:
2779:
2767:Nouvelle Droite
2756:Bruno Gollnisch
2729:
2711:
2603:Communist Party
2586:
2470:
2465:
2441:Socialist Party
2403:Nouvelle Droite
2401:(1985) and the
2391:Bruno Gollnisch
2375:François Duprat
2367:
2321:Georges Bidault
2305:Pierre Bousquet
2301:Roger Holeindre
2273:
2272:
2271:
2270:
2265:
2258:
2257:
2256:
2248:
2247:
2236:
2231:
2226:
2189:(GUD), and the
2123:
2094:Emmanuel Macron
2052:de-demonisation
2025:Jordan Bardella
2018:. His daughter
1934:), is a French
1904:
1889:
1851:
1849:
1839:
1837:
1830:
1829:
1774:
1766:
1765:
1732:
1662:
1654:
1653:
1610:Cercle Proudhon
1601:Camelots du Roi
1578:Student Cockade
1544:
1525:
1517:
1516:
1440:The Republicans
1400:Alliance Royale
1392:
1384:
1383:
1282:Le Pen (Marine)
1232:
1224:
1223:
1218:
1208:
1198:
1188:
1178:
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1140:
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1120:
1110:
1100:
1090:
1080:
1070:
1060:
1050:
1041:
1033:
1032:
813:
805:
804:
790:Ultra-royalists
729:
721:
720:
636:Noblesse oblige
595:
587:
586:
506:Nouvelle Droite
489:
469:
450:
436:
435:
401:
391:
388:
377:
374:
363:
360:
349:
346:
335:
332:
321:
318:
307:
304:
290:
281:
233:
205:
171:
148:
146:
143:
133:Pierre Bousquet
109:
88:Vice Presidents
82:Jordan Bardella
56:
55:
52:
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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19594:
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19576:
19574:
19573:
19563:
19558:
19553:
19543:
19541:Dreyfus affair
19537:
19535:
19534:Notable events
19531:
19530:
19528:
19527:
19522:
19515:
19510:
19503:
19500:Nouvelle École
19496:
19486:National-Hebdo
19482:
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19086:French Renewal
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19022:
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19010:Unité Radicale
19007:
19005:Troisième Voie
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18819:
18814:
18809:
18804:
18799:
18794:
18789:
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18779:
18774:
18769:
18767:Benoist-Méchin
18764:
18759:
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18516:
18507:
18505:
18501:
18500:
18498:
18497:
18494:Comités Jeanne
18491:
18485:
18482:National Front
18478:
18476:
18472:
18471:
18464:
18463:
18456:
18449:
18441:
18432:
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18409:
18407:
18403:
18402:
18400:
18399:
18391:
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18382:
18378:
18377:
18375:
18374:
18370:Jacques Peyrat
18366:
18358:
18351:
18344:
18330:
18327:National Front
18322:
18320:
18312:
18311:
18309:
18308:
18294:
18291:Tours Congress
18286:
18284:
18280:
18279:
18277:
18276:
18272:David Rachline
18268:
18259:
18257:
18253:
18252:
18250:
18249:
18241:
18232:
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18226:
18225:
18223:
18222:
18214:
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18159:
18158:
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18095:
18083:
18071:
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18048:
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18024:
18016:
18007:
18005:
18001:
18000:
17998:
17997:
17989:
17980:
17978:
17970:
17969:
17965:National Rally
17960:
17959:
17952:
17945:
17937:
17928:
17927:
17913:
17910:
17909:
17907:
17906:
17901:
17899:National Rally
17895:
17893:
17887:
17886:
17884:
17883:
17878:
17873:
17867:
17865:
17859:
17858:
17856:
17855:
17850:
17844:
17842:
17836:
17835:
17833:
17832:
17827:
17825:The Ecologists
17822:
17817:
17811:
17809:
17803:
17802:
17800:
17799:
17794:
17792:Lutte Ouvrière
17788:
17786:
17780:
17779:
17771:
17770:
17763:
17756:
17748:
17739:
17738:
17731:Eurofoundation
17729:
17726:
17725:
17723:
17722:
17714:
17708:
17706:
17700:
17699:
17697:
17696:
17688:
17682:
17680:
17676:
17675:
17673:
17672:
17664:
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17656:
17650:
17649:
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17646:
17640:
17638:
17634:
17633:
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17627:
17626:
17613:
17611:
17607:
17606:
17604:
17603:
17591:
17579:
17567:
17555:
17543:
17531:
17519:
17507:
17494:
17492:
17491:Member parties
17485:
17481:
17480:
17474:
17471:
17470:
17461:
17460:
17453:
17446:
17438:
17432:
17431:
17426:
17421:
17416:
17404:
17385:
17384:External links
17382:
17381:
17380:
17372:Winock, Michel
17368:
17363:978-0813389790
17362:
17349:
17339:(1): 179–196.
17328:
17307:
17287:
17266:
17257:
17228:
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17181:
17180:
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17063:
17060:
17057:
17056:
17034:
17004:
16974:
16944:
16914:
16884:
16851:
16849:, p. 319.
16824:
16793:
16766:
16736:
16706:
16676:
16646:
16616:
16585:
16567:
16523:
16493:
16488:The Media Line
16475:
16457:
16454:. 21 May 2024.
16439:
16421:
16403:
16384:
16370:
16338:
16306:
16274:
16271:. 20 May 2024.
16256:
16230:
16212:
16189:
16163:
16160:. 1 July 2024.
16145:
16127:
16109:
16091:
16073:
16058:. 8 May 2017.
16047:
16044:. 1 July 2024.
16029:
16026:. 1 July 2024.
16011:
15990:
15987:. 29 May 2019.
15972:
15961:
15929:
15911:
15893:
15890:. 13 May 2014.
15875:
15861:
15847:
15833:
15801:
15775:
15744:
15727:Foreign Policy
15713:
15672:
15626:
15600:
15567:
15540:
15509:
15483:
15481:, p. 194.
15471:
15469:, p. 193.
15459:
15457:, p. 198.
15447:
15425:
15402:
15367:
15335:
15304:
15269:
15251:Deutsche Welle
15236:
15200:
15168:
15137:
15110:
15080:
15078:, p. 317.
15068:
15036:
15004:
14972:
14970:, p. 308.
14960:
14934:
14908:
14890:
14887:
14886:
14874:
14847:
14840:
14814:
14784:
14773:on 19 May 2021
14758:
14732:
14702:
14699:
14698:
14696:. 24 May 2019.
14686:
14684:. 27 May 2019.
14674:
14661:
14654:
14601:
14583:
14565:
14562:. 6 June 2024.
14547:
14514:
14491:
14458:
14427:
14401:
14375:
14358:
14328:
14310:
14292:
14274:
14256:
14238:
14224:
14210:
14189:
14171:
14150:
14117:
14086:
14060:
14024:
14022:, p. 299.
14007:
13995:
13993:, p. 202.
13983:
13957:
13943:
13932:. 20 June 2024
13917:
13894:
13876:
13858:
13840:
13822:
13796:
13770:
13744:
13713:
13687:
13685:, p. 274.
13675:
13673:, p. 272.
13656:
13653:
13652:
13650:. 28 May 2014.
13640:
13612:
13605:
13572:
13566:
13547:
13528:
13509:
13495:
13473:
13453:
13430:
13404:
13368:
13346:
13320:
13287:
13285:, p. 315.
13272:
13257:
13245:
13228:Front National
13215:
13197:
13172:
13141:
13110:
13104:
13098:978-0691194752
13097:
13077:
13050:
13019:
12988:
12962:
12960:, p. 313.
12950:
12948:, p. 312.
12938:
12936:, p. 115.
12923:
12921:, p. 309.
12911:
12886:
12860:
12848:
12846:
12845:
12829:Winock, Michel
12826:
12821:
12800:
12787:
12765:
12735:
12713:
12710:. 9 July 2024.
12695:
12680:
12661:
12635:
12624:. 19 June 2022
12609:
12583:
12557:
12526:
12500:
12474:
12448:
12422:
12396:
12370:
12342:
12318:
12294:
12253:
12220:
12187:
12157:
12137:
12094:
12063:
12032:
12001:
11984:
11954:
11923:
11892:
11875:The New Yorker
11862:
11851:on 8 July 2014
11836:
11807:
11774:
11748:
11715:
11688:
11661:
11629:
11596:
11563:
11530:
11497:
11472:
11439:
11437:, p. 300.
11424:
11422:, p. 298.
11412:
11410:, p. 297.
11400:
11388:
11376:
11374:, p. 291.
11364:
11362:, p. 289.
11349:
11337:
11335:, p. 284.
11322:
11320:, p. 283.
11310:
11308:, p. 282.
11293:
11291:, p. 281.
11278:
11236:
11224:
11222:, p. 280.
11212:
11193:
11171:
11169:, p. 279.
11154:
11142:
11130:
11128:, p. 276.
11118:
11116:, p. 275.
11101:
11089:
11063:
11061:, p. 103.
11051:
11049:, p. 104.
11039:
11037:, p. 264.
11027:
11025:, p. 101.
11015:
11013:, p. 263.
10998:
10986:
10974:
10972:, p. 261.
10959:
10957:, p. 252.
10947:
10935:
10923:
10911:
10899:
10897:, p. 237.
10887:
10875:
10873:, p. 234.
10863:
10861:, p. 233.
10851:
10836:
10834:, pp. 89.
10824:
10812:
10810:, p. 227.
10797:
10785:
10783:, p. 224.
10773:
10761:
10759:, p. 219.
10738:
10736:, p. 217.
10726:
10696:
10681:
10679:, p. 216.
10666:
10654:
10652:, pp. 66.
10642:
10640:, p. 209.
10619:
10617:, p. 197.
10598:
10596:, p. 230.
10586:
10584:, p. 194.
10574:
10562:
10550:
10538:
10536:, p. 100.
10526:
10514:
10512:, p. 196.
10491:
10476:
10474:, p. 195.
10455:
10443:
10410:
10403:
10383:
10371:
10359:
10357:, p. 182.
10342:
10330:
10318:
10306:
10304:, p. 106.
10294:
10282:
10280:, p. 121.
10270:
10258:
10246:
10231:
10229:, p. 177.
10214:
10202:
10200:, p. 183.
10185:
10173:
10171:, p. 175.
10158:
10146:
10134:
10119:
10117:, p. 171.
10107:
10105:, p. 170.
10095:
10083:
10044:
10032:
10020:
10008:
9996:
9994:, p. 169.
9981:
9969:
9957:
9950:
9930:
9918:
9906:
9894:
9882:
9870:
9845:
9815:
9782:
9751:
9718:
9685:
9683:
9682:
9681:
9680:
9640:
9614:
9583:
9557:
9555:
9554:
9530:
9516:. 4 May 2015.
9498:
9496:
9495:
9470:Islamophobia:
9468:
9467:
9440:
9439:
9415:
9414:
9386:
9359:
9331:
9296:
9284:
9282:, p. 229.
9272:
9249:
9223:
9211:
9181:
9175:
9156:
9132:
9089:
9070:
9044:
9017:
9015:
9014:
9013:
9012:
8985:
8964:
8939:
8914:
8889:
8868:
8843:
8826:
8805:
8780:
8779:
8778:
8770:Análise Social
8765:
8760:978-0813389790
8759:
8746:
8741:
8735:
8722:
8717:978-1509536856
8716:
8699:
8681:(4): 392–413.
8666:
8637:
8627:(1): 160–178.
8616:
8610:
8597:
8591:
8578:
8569:
8564:978-0691194752
8563:
8550:
8545:
8540:
8534:
8501:
8498:
8497:
8472:
8447:
8440:
8437:
8436:
8424:
8412:
8406:
8384:
8377:
8374:. 1 July 2024.
8363:
8332:
8301:
8273:
8272:
8270:
8267:
8264:
8263:
8254:
8241:
8232:
8223:
8214:
8204:
8170:
8150:European Right
8146:European Right
8136:
8135:
8133:
8130:
8129:
8128:
8123:
8118:
8111:
8108:
8105:
8104:
8099:
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8079:
8077:
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8071:
8065:
8064:
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8054:
8051:
8045:
8044:
8039:
8037:
8034:
8031:
8025:
8024:
8021:
8018:
8015:
8008:
8005:
8002:
8001:
7987:
7986:
7983:
7982:
7977:
7969:
7964:
7962:
7959:
7956:
7950:
7949:
7944:
7936:
7931:
7929:
7926:
7923:
7918:
7912:
7911:
7906:
7898:
7893:
7891:
7888:
7885:
7880:
7874:
7873:
7865:
7860:
7858:
7855:
7852:
7846:
7845:
7838:
7830:
7825:
7823:
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7817:
7811:
7810:
7805:
7797:
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7770:
7762:
7757:
7755:
7752:
7749:
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7709:
7704:
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7696:
7694:
7691:
7688:
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7677:
7676:
7673:
7670:
7667:
7664:
7661:
7658:
7639:
7636:
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7632:
7629:
7622:
7617:
7615:
7610:
7608:
7605:
7602:
7599:
7596:
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7584:
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7572:
7570:
7565:
7563:
7560:
7557:
7554:
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7546:
7540:
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7527:
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7512:
7509:
7506:
7500:
7499:
7494:
7487:
7482:
7480:
7475:
7473:
7470:
7467:
7464:
7461:
7455:
7454:
7447:
7442:
7440:
7435:
7433:
7430:
7427:
7424:
7421:
7415:
7414:
7411:
7406:
7399:
7394:
7392:
7387:
7385:
7382:
7379:
7376:
7373:
7367:
7366:
7363:
7358:
7351:
7346:
7344:
7339:
7337:
7334:
7331:
7328:
7325:
7320:
7314:
7313:
7310:
7309:Winning party
7307:
7304:
7301:
7298:
7295:
7292:
7289:
7286:
7283:
7271:
7268:
7265:
7264:
7261:
7253:
7250:
7247:
7239:
7236:
7233:
7227:
7226:
7223:
7215:
7212:
7209:
7201:
7198:
7195:
7189:
7188:
7185:
7182:
7174:
7171:
7168:
7163:
7157:
7156:
7153:
7150:
7142:
7139:
7136:
7130:
7129:
7126:
7118:
7115:
7112:
7104:
7101:
7098:
7092:
7091:
7088:
7085:
7077:
7074:
7071:
7065:
7064:
7061:
7058:
7050:
7047:
7044:
7039:
7033:
7032:
7027:
7021:
7020:
7017:
7014:
7006:
7003:
7000:
6995:
6989:
6988:
6985:
6982:
6979:
6976:
6973:
6969:
6968:
6965:
6962:
6959:
6956:
6955:Election year
6949:
6946:
6943:
6942:
6934:
6932:
6927:
6925:
6922:
6919:
6916:
6913:
6908:
6902:
6901:
6893:
6891:
6886:
6884:
6881:
6878:
6875:
6872:
6866:
6865:
6857:
6855:
6850:
6848:
6845:
6842:
6839:
6836:
6830:
6829:
6821:
6819:
6814:
6812:
6809:
6806:
6803:
6800:
6795:
6789:
6788:
6781:
6776:
6774:
6771:
6768:
6765:
6762:
6756:
6755:
6747:
6745:
6740:
6738:
6735:
6732:
6729:
6726:
6720:
6719:
6711:
6709:
6704:
6702:
6699:
6696:
6693:
6690:
6684:
6683:
6675:
6673:
6668:
6666:
6663:
6660:
6657:
6654:
6648:
6647:
6639:
6637:
6632:
6630:
6627:
6624:
6621:
6618:
6612:
6611:
6603:
6601:
6596:
6594:
6591:
6588:
6585:
6582:
6576:
6575:
6568:
6563:
6561:
6558:
6555:
6552:
6549:
6543:
6542:
6535:
6530:
6528:
6525:
6522:
6519:
6516:
6510:
6509:
6502:
6497:
6495:
6492:
6489:
6486:
6483:
6478:
6472:
6471:
6468:
6465:
6462:
6459:
6456:
6453:
6450:
6449:Election year
6438:
6435:
6417:
6414:
6397:
6394:
6393:
6392:
6389:
6383:
6377:
6371:
6365:
6359:
6353:
6347:
6344:
6341:
6338:
6335:
6327:
6324:
6323:
6322:
6321:(2022-present)
6319:Hélène Laporte
6316:
6313:
6311:David Rachline
6308:
6299:
6298:
6292:
6286:
6280:
6274:
6268:
6262:
6251:
6248:
6245:
6244:
6240:
6239:
6236:
6227:
6216:
6212:
6211:
6208:National Rally
6183:
6182:
6179:
6176:
6165:
6161:
6160:
6124:
6123:
6120:
6117:
6106:
6102:
6101:
6096:
6091:
6088:
6081:
6078:
6066:Hélène Laporte
6054:Julien Sanchez
6046:David Rachline
6029:
6026:
6013:Amichai Chikli
5946:government to
5869:Giorgia Meloni
5826:Matteo Salvini
5655:Volya Movement
5575:European Right
5555:European Right
5546:
5543:
5522:
5519:
5502:
5499:
5470:
5467:
5402:
5399:
5397:
5394:
5369:
5366:
5352:
5349:
5332:
5331:European Union
5329:
5303:Emmanuel Leroy
5265:, through the
5255:Vladimir Putin
5250:
5247:
5208:Western Sahara
5149:Saddam Hussein
5125:Treaty of Rome
5097:European Union
5092:
5091:Foreign policy
5089:
5076:National Front
5067:
5064:
5051:
5048:
4976:market liberal
4967:
4964:
4936:
4933:
4916:Following the
4897:
4894:
4863:zero tolerance
4854:
4851:
4763:
4762:
4760:
4759:
4752:
4745:
4737:
4734:
4733:
4732:
4731:
4719:
4704:
4703:
4700:
4699:
4694:
4685:
4680:
4675:
4670:
4665:
4660:
4655:
4652:Archeofuturism
4647:
4645:Related topics
4644:
4643:
4640:
4639:
4636:
4635:
4628:
4621:
4618:Nouvelle École
4614:
4607:
4597:
4590:
4583:
4576:
4569:
4562:
4555:
4548:
4541:
4535:
4532:
4531:
4528:
4527:
4524:
4523:
4514:
4509:
4504:
4495:
4486:
4477:
4462:
4461:
4452:
4447:
4438:
4436:March for Life
4433:
4424:
4419:
4411:
4398:
4395:
4394:
4391:
4390:
4387:
4386:
4381:
4376:
4371:
4366:
4361:
4359:Party of Order
4356:
4351:
4346:
4341:
4336:
4325:
4324:
4319:
4314:
4309:
4304:
4302:National Rally
4299:
4294:
4289:
4284:
4279:
4274:
4265:
4262:
4261:
4258:
4257:
4254:
4253:
4248:
4243:
4238:
4233:
4228:
4223:
4218:
4213:
4208:
4203:
4198:
4193:
4188:
4183:
4178:
4173:
4168:
4163:
4162:
4161:
4151:
4146:
4141:
4136:
4131:
4126:
4121:
4116:
4111:
4105:
4102:
4101:
4098:
4097:
4094:
4093:
4083:
4073:
4063:
4053:
4043:
4033:
4025:
4015:
4005:
3995:
3985:
3975:
3965:
3955:
3945:
3935:
3925:
3914:
3911:
3910:
3907:
3906:
3903:
3902:
3897:
3892:
3890:de Tocqueville
3887:
3882:
3877:
3872:
3867:
3862:
3857:
3852:
3847:
3842:
3837:
3832:
3827:
3822:
3817:
3812:
3807:
3802:
3797:
3792:
3787:
3782:
3777:
3772:
3767:
3762:
3757:
3752:
3747:
3742:
3737:
3732:
3727:
3722:
3717:
3712:
3707:
3702:
3697:
3692:
3686:
3683:
3682:
3679:
3678:
3675:
3674:
3669:
3664:
3659:
3654:
3649:
3648:
3647:
3642:
3632:
3627:
3622:
3617:
3612:
3602:
3599:
3598:
3595:
3594:
3591:
3590:
3585:
3576:
3571:
3565:
3560:
3555:
3550:
3549:
3548:
3534:
3529:
3527:French culture
3524:
3519:
3517:Ethnopluralism
3514:
3513:
3512:
3503:
3493:
3484:
3479:
3474:
3472:Anti-communism
3468:
3465:
3464:
3461:
3460:
3457:
3456:
3451:
3450:
3449:
3444:
3435:
3430:
3420:
3411:
3410:
3409:
3407:Ultramontanism
3404:
3399:
3389:
3384:
3383:
3382:
3373:
3362:
3359:
3358:
3355:
3354:
3346:
3345:
3337:
3336:
3325:
3322:
3279:Main article:
3276:
3273:
3241:
3238:
3227:Main article:
3224:
3221:
3180:souverainistes
3094:In late 2017,
3059:Main article:
3056:
3053:
2997:Hénin-Beaumont
2972:
2969:
2889:Main article:
2886:
2883:
2881:
2878:
2815:
2812:
2778:
2775:
2728:
2725:
2683:The FN won an
2652:Salman Rushdie
2626:National Hebdo
2585:
2582:
2573:Jacques Chirac
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2445:political left
2395:Bernard Antony
2366:
2363:
2347:anti-communism
2293:Front National
2260:
2259:
2250:
2249:
2241:
2240:
2239:
2238:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2218:Count of Paris
2165:). During the
2151:French Algeria
2139:Pierre Poujade
2122:
2119:
2016:Jacques Chirac
1996:zero tolerance
1984:European Union
1922:Front national
1918:National Front
1897:National Rally
1891:
1890:
1888:
1887:
1880:
1873:
1865:
1862:
1861:
1860:
1859:
1847:
1832:
1831:
1828:
1827:
1822:
1813:
1808:
1803:
1798:
1793:
1788:
1783:
1780:Archeofuturism
1775:
1773:Related topics
1772:
1771:
1768:
1767:
1764:
1763:
1756:
1749:
1746:Nouvelle École
1742:
1735:
1725:
1718:
1711:
1704:
1697:
1690:
1683:
1676:
1669:
1663:
1660:
1659:
1656:
1655:
1652:
1651:
1642:
1637:
1632:
1623:
1614:
1605:
1590:
1589:
1580:
1575:
1566:
1564:March for Life
1561:
1552:
1547:
1539:
1526:
1523:
1522:
1519:
1518:
1515:
1514:
1509:
1504:
1499:
1494:
1489:
1487:Party of Order
1484:
1479:
1474:
1469:
1464:
1453:
1452:
1447:
1442:
1437:
1432:
1430:National Rally
1427:
1422:
1417:
1412:
1407:
1402:
1393:
1390:
1389:
1386:
1385:
1382:
1381:
1376:
1371:
1366:
1361:
1356:
1351:
1346:
1341:
1336:
1331:
1326:
1321:
1316:
1311:
1306:
1301:
1296:
1291:
1290:
1289:
1279:
1274:
1269:
1264:
1259:
1254:
1249:
1244:
1239:
1233:
1230:
1229:
1226:
1225:
1222:
1221:
1211:
1201:
1191:
1181:
1171:
1161:
1153:
1143:
1133:
1123:
1113:
1103:
1093:
1083:
1073:
1063:
1053:
1042:
1039:
1038:
1035:
1034:
1031:
1030:
1025:
1020:
1018:de Tocqueville
1015:
1010:
1005:
1000:
995:
990:
985:
980:
975:
970:
965:
960:
955:
950:
945:
940:
935:
930:
925:
920:
915:
910:
905:
900:
895:
890:
885:
880:
875:
870:
865:
860:
855:
850:
845:
840:
835:
830:
825:
820:
814:
811:
810:
807:
806:
803:
802:
797:
792:
787:
782:
777:
776:
775:
770:
760:
755:
750:
745:
740:
730:
727:
726:
723:
722:
719:
718:
713:
704:
699:
693:
688:
683:
678:
677:
676:
662:
657:
655:French culture
652:
647:
645:Ethnopluralism
642:
641:
640:
631:
621:
612:
607:
602:
600:Anti-communism
596:
593:
592:
589:
588:
585:
584:
579:
578:
577:
572:
563:
558:
548:
539:
538:
537:
535:Ultramontanism
532:
527:
517:
512:
511:
510:
501:
490:
487:
486:
483:
482:
474:
473:
465:
464:
452:
451:
434:
433:
428:
423:
417:
414:
413:
398:
397:
393:
392:
387:
385:
379:
378:
373:
371:
365:
364:
359:
357:
351:
350:
345:
343:
337:
336:
331:
329:
323:
322:
317:
315:
309:
308:
303:
301:
295:
294:
288:
284:
283:
276:
270:
269:
264:
258:
257:
251:
247:
246:
241:
235:
234:
232:
231:
226:
220:
218:
212:
211:
208:
201:
200:
195:
191:
190:
185:
179:
178:
168:
164:
163:
158:
154:
153:
140:
136:
135:
126:
122:
121:
115:
111:
110:
108:
107:
105:Hélène Laporte
102:
100:David Rachline
97:
91:
89:
85:
84:
79:
75:
74:
71:
67:
66:
58:
57:
51:National Rally
50:
49:
39:National Front
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
19679:
19668:
19665:
19663:
19660:
19658:
19655:
19653:
19650:
19648:
19645:
19643:
19640:
19638:
19635:
19633:
19630:
19628:
19625:
19623:
19620:
19618:
19615:
19613:
19610:
19608:
19605:
19603:
19600:
19598:
19595:
19593:
19590:
19589:
19587:
19571:
19567:
19564:
19562:
19559:
19557:
19554:
19551:
19547:
19544:
19542:
19539:
19538:
19536:
19532:
19526:
19523:
19521:
19520:
19516:
19514:
19511:
19509:
19508:
19504:
19502:
19501:
19497:
19495:
19492:
19487:
19483:
19481:
19480:
19476:
19474:
19473:
19469:
19467:
19466:
19462:
19461:
19459:
19455:
19447:
19446:
19442:
19441:
19440:
19437:
19435:
19434:
19430:
19428:
19427:
19423:
19421:
19420:
19416:
19415:
19413:
19409:
19403:
19400:
19398:
19395:
19393:
19390:
19388:
19385:
19383:
19380:
19378:
19375:
19373:
19370:
19368:
19365:
19363:
19360:
19358:
19355:
19353:
19350:
19348:
19345:
19343:
19340:
19338:
19335:
19333:
19330:
19328:
19325:
19323:
19320:
19318:
19315:
19313:
19310:
19308:
19305:
19303:
19300:
19298:
19295:
19293:
19290:
19288:
19285:
19283:
19280:
19278:
19275:
19273:
19270:
19268:
19265:
19263:
19260:
19258:
19255:
19253:
19250:
19248:
19245:
19243:
19240:
19238:
19235:
19233:
19230:
19228:
19225:
19223:
19220:
19218:
19215:
19213:
19210:
19208:
19205:
19203:
19200:
19198:
19195:
19193:
19190:
19188:
19185:
19183:
19180:
19178:
19175:
19173:
19170:
19168:
19165:
19163:
19160:
19158:
19155:
19154:
19152:
19148:
19142:
19139:
19137:
19134:
19132:
19129:
19127:
19124:
19122:
19119:
19117:
19114:
19112:
19109:
19107:
19104:
19102:
19099:
19097:
19094:
19092:
19089:
19087:
19084:
19082:
19079:
19077:
19074:
19072:
19069:
19067:
19064:
19062:
19059:
19057:
19054:
19052:
19049:
19047:
19044:
19042:
19039:
19037:
19034:
19032:
19029:
19027:
19024:
19023:
19021:
19019:Active groups
19017:
19011:
19008:
19006:
19003:
19001:
18998:
18996:
18993:
18991:
18988:
18986:
18983:
18981:
18978:
18976:
18973:
18971:
18970:Ordre Nouveau
18968:
18966:
18963:
18961:
18958:
18956:
18953:
18951:
18948:
18946:
18943:
18941:
18938:
18936:
18933:
18931:
18928:
18926:
18923:
18921:
18918:
18916:
18915:Europe-Action
18913:
18911:
18908:
18907:
18905:
18899:
18893:
18890:
18888:
18885:
18883:
18880:
18878:
18875:
18873:
18870:
18868:
18865:
18863:
18860:
18858:
18855:
18853:
18850:
18848:
18845:
18843:
18840:
18838:
18835:
18833:
18830:
18828:
18825:
18823:
18820:
18818:
18815:
18813:
18810:
18808:
18805:
18803:
18800:
18798:
18795:
18793:
18790:
18788:
18785:
18783:
18780:
18778:
18775:
18773:
18770:
18768:
18765:
18763:
18760:
18758:
18755:
18754:
18752:
18748:
18742:
18741:
18737:
18735:
18734:
18730:
18728:
18725:
18723:
18720:
18718:
18717:
18713:
18711:
18710:
18706:
18704:
18703:
18699:
18697:
18696:
18692:
18690:
18689:
18685:
18683:
18680:
18678:
18675:
18673:
18672:
18668:
18666:
18665:
18661:
18659:
18658:
18654:
18652:
18649:
18647:
18644:
18642:
18641:
18637:
18636:
18634:
18630:
18624:
18621:
18619:
18616:
18614:
18611:
18609:
18606:
18604:
18601:
18599:
18596:
18595:
18593:
18589:
18585:
18578:
18573:
18571:
18566:
18564:
18559:
18558:
18555:
18542:
18539:
18536:
18535:Marine Le Pen
18533:
18531:
18530:Le Pen family
18528:
18527:
18525:
18521:
18514:
18513:
18509:
18508:
18506:
18502:
18495:
18492:
18489:
18486:
18483:
18480:
18479:
18477:
18475:Organisations
18473:
18469:
18462:
18457:
18455:
18450:
18448:
18443:
18442:
18439:
18422:
18418:
18415:
18411:
18410:
18408:
18404:
18397:
18393:
18392:
18390:
18386:
18383:
18379:
18371:
18367:
18363:
18359:
18356:
18352:
18349:
18345:
18340:
18335:
18331:
18328:
18324:
18323:
18321:
18319:
18313:
18304:
18299:
18298:Lyon Congress
18295:
18292:
18288:
18287:
18285:
18281:
18273:
18269:
18265:
18261:
18260:
18258:
18254:
18246:
18242:
18238:
18234:
18233:
18231:
18227:
18219:
18215:
18211:
18210:Steeve Briois
18207:
18203:
18199:
18195:
18191:
18187:
18183:
18179:
18175:
18171:
18167:
18166:
18164:
18160:
18152:
18148:
18144:
18140:
18136:
18132:
18128:
18124:
18120:
18116:
18112:
18108:
18104:
18100:
18096:
18092:
18088:
18084:
18080:
18076:
18072:
18068:
18064:
18060:
18059:
18057:
18053:
18045:
18044:Steeve Briois
18041:
18037:
18033:
18029:
18025:
18021:
18017:
18013:
18009:
18008:
18006:
18002:
17994:
17993:Marine Le Pen
17990:
17986:
17982:
17981:
17979:
17977:
17971:
17967:
17958:
17953:
17951:
17946:
17944:
17939:
17938:
17935:
17925:
17921:
17917:
17911:
17905:
17902:
17900:
17897:
17896:
17894:
17892:
17888:
17882:
17879:
17877:
17874:
17872:
17869:
17868:
17866:
17864:
17860:
17854:
17851:
17849:
17846:
17845:
17843:
17841:
17837:
17831:
17828:
17826:
17823:
17821:
17818:
17816:
17813:
17812:
17810:
17808:
17804:
17798:
17795:
17793:
17790:
17789:
17787:
17785:
17781:
17777:
17769:
17764:
17762:
17757:
17755:
17750:
17749:
17746:
17736:
17732:
17727:
17721:
17720:
17715:
17713:
17710:
17709:
17707:
17701:
17695:
17694:
17689:
17687:
17684:
17683:
17681:
17677:
17671:
17670:
17665:
17663:
17660:
17659:
17657:
17651:
17645:
17642:
17641:
17639:
17635:
17625:
17620:
17615:
17614:
17612:
17608:
17602:
17597:
17592:
17590:
17585:
17580:
17578:
17573:
17568:
17566:
17561:
17556:
17554:
17549:
17544:
17542:
17537:
17532:
17530:
17525:
17520:
17518:
17513:
17508:
17506:
17501:
17496:
17495:
17493:
17489:
17486:
17482:
17478:
17472:
17468:
17459:
17454:
17452:
17447:
17445:
17440:
17439:
17436:
17430:
17427:
17425:
17422:
17420:
17417:
17415:
17411:
17408:
17405:
17399:
17393:
17388:
17387:
17377:
17373:
17369:
17365:
17359:
17355:
17350:
17346:
17342:
17338:
17334:
17329:
17314:
17310:
17304:
17300:
17293:
17288:
17276:
17272:
17267:
17263:
17258:
17254:
17250:
17246:
17242:
17238:
17234:
17229:
17225:
17219:
17216:. Routledge.
17215:
17214:
17208:
17204:
17198:
17194:
17189:
17188:
17177:
17171:
17167:
17163:
17162:
17156:
17152:
17146:
17142:
17138:
17133:
17129:
17123:
17119:
17118:
17112:
17108:
17102:
17099:. Routledge.
17098:
17093:
17089:
17087:9780674971530
17083:
17079:
17075:
17071:
17067:
17066:
17044:
17038:
17022:
17018:
17015:(in French).
17014:
17008:
16992:
16988:
16985:(in French).
16984:
16978:
16962:
16958:
16955:(in French).
16954:
16948:
16932:
16928:
16925:(in French).
16924:
16918:
16902:
16898:
16895:(in French).
16894:
16888:
16872:
16868:
16862:
16860:
16858:
16856:
16848:
16843:
16841:
16839:
16837:
16835:
16833:
16831:
16829:
16812:
16808:
16804:
16797:
16791:
16790:
16783:
16779:
16776:
16770:
16754:
16750:
16746:
16740:
16724:
16720:
16716:
16710:
16694:
16690:
16686:
16680:
16664:
16660:
16656:
16650:
16634:
16630:
16626:
16620:
16604:
16601:(in French).
16600:
16596:
16589:
16581:
16577:
16571:
16555:
16551:
16547:
16543:
16539:
16532:
16530:
16528:
16511:
16507:
16503:
16497:
16489:
16485:
16479:
16471:
16467:
16461:
16453:
16449:
16443:
16435:
16431:
16425:
16417:
16413:
16407:
16399:
16395:
16388:
16380:
16374:
16358:
16354:
16353:
16348:
16342:
16326:
16322:
16321:
16316:
16310:
16294:
16290:
16289:
16284:
16278:
16270:
16266:
16260:
16244:
16240:
16234:
16226:
16222:
16216:
16200:
16193:
16177:
16173:
16167:
16159:
16155:
16149:
16141:
16137:
16131:
16123:
16119:
16113:
16105:
16101:
16095:
16087:
16083:
16077:
16061:
16057:
16051:
16043:
16042:The Spectator
16039:
16033:
16025:
16021:
16015:
16008:. 5 May 2019.
16007:
16003:
15997:
15995:
15986:
15982:
15976:
15970:
15965:
15949:
15945:
15944:
15943:New Statesman
15939:
15933:
15925:
15924:The Telegraph
15921:
15915:
15907:
15903:
15897:
15889:
15885:
15879:
15871:
15865:
15857:
15851:
15843:
15837:
15821:
15817:
15816:
15815:The Telegraph
15811:
15805:
15789:
15785:
15779:
15763:
15760:(in French).
15759:
15755:
15748:
15732:
15728:
15724:
15717:
15709:
15703:
15687:
15683:
15676:
15668:
15662:
15643:
15636:
15630:
15614:
15610:
15604:
15588:
15584:
15583:
15578:
15571:
15555:
15552:. France 24.
15551:
15544:
15533:
15529:
15522:
15521:
15513:
15498:. 8 July 2024
15497:
15493:
15487:
15480:
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15468:
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15429:
15413:
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15399:
15386:
15382:
15378:
15371:
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15351:
15350:
15345:
15339:
15323:
15319:
15315:
15308:
15292:
15288:
15287:
15282:
15276:
15274:
15257:
15253:
15252:
15247:
15240:
15224:
15220:
15219:
15214:
15207:
15205:
15188:
15184:
15183:
15182:The Economist
15178:
15172:
15156:
15152:
15148:
15141:
15125:
15122:. France 24.
15121:
15114:
15098:
15094:
15090:
15084:
15077:
15072:
15056:
15052:
15051:
15046:
15040:
15024:
15020:
15019:
15014:
15008:
14992:
14988:
14987:
14982:
14976:
14969:
14964:
14948:
14944:
14938:
14922:
14918:
14912:
14904:
14900:
14894:
14883:
14879:
14875:
14860:
14853:
14849:
14848:
14844:
14828:
14824:
14818:
14802:
14798:
14794:
14788:
14772:
14768:
14762:
14746:
14742:
14736:
14720:
14716:
14712:
14706:
14695:
14691:
14687:
14683:
14679:
14675:
14671:
14667:
14663:
14662:
14658:
14650:
14646:
14642:
14638:
14633:
14628:
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14620:
14616:
14612:
14605:
14597:
14593:
14587:
14579:
14575:
14569:
14561:
14557:
14551:
14535:
14531:
14530:
14525:
14518:
14510:
14506:
14502:
14495:
14479:
14475:
14474:
14469:
14462:
14446:
14442:
14438:
14431:
14415:
14411:
14405:
14389:
14385:
14379:
14373:
14369:
14366:
14362:
14354:
14350:
14349:
14344:
14337:
14335:
14333:
14324:
14320:
14314:
14306:
14302:
14296:
14288:
14284:
14278:
14270:
14266:
14260:
14252:
14248:
14242:
14234:
14228:
14220:
14214:
14207:
14203:
14199:
14193:
14185:
14181:
14175:
14168:
14164:
14160:
14154:
14138:
14134:
14133:
14128:
14127:"Madame Rage"
14121:
14105:
14101:
14097:
14090:
14074:
14070:
14064:
14048:
14044:
14043:
14038:
14031:
14029:
14021:
14016:
14014:
14012:
14004:
13999:
13992:
13987:
13971:
13967:
13961:
13953:
13947:
13931:
13927:
13921:
13913:
13909:
13903:
13901:
13899:
13890:
13886:
13880:
13872:
13868:
13862:
13854:
13850:
13844:
13836:
13832:
13826:
13811:
13807:
13800:
13785:
13781:
13774:
13758:
13754:
13748:
13732:
13728:
13724:
13717:
13701:
13697:
13691:
13684:
13679:
13672:
13667:
13665:
13663:
13661:
13649:
13645:
13641:
13629:
13625:
13624:
13619:
13614:
13613:
13609:
13593:
13589:
13588:
13583:
13576:
13570:
13562:
13558:
13551:
13543:
13539:
13532:
13524:
13520:
13513:
13505:
13499:
13492:
13487:
13483:
13477:
13469:
13468:
13463:
13457:
13449:
13445:
13439:
13437:
13435:
13419:
13415:
13408:
13392:
13388:
13387:
13382:
13375:
13373:
13365:
13361:
13358:
13350:
13334:
13330:
13324:
13308:
13304:
13303:
13302:The Telegraph
13298:
13291:
13284:
13279:
13277:
13270:, p. 95.
13269:
13264:
13262:
13254:
13249:
13233:
13229:
13225:
13219:
13212:
13211:
13207:
13201:
13194:
13193:
13192:The Telegraph
13189:
13183:
13181:
13179:
13177:
13160:
13156:
13152:
13145:
13130:
13129:The Telegraph
13126:
13119:
13117:
13115:
13108:
13100:
13094:
13090:
13089:
13081:
13065:
13061:
13054:
13038:
13034:
13030:
13023:
13007:
13003:
12999:
12992:
12976:
12972:
12966:
12959:
12954:
12947:
12942:
12935:
12930:
12928:
12920:
12915:
12900:
12896:
12890:
12874:
12870:
12864:
12857:
12852:
12843:
12839:
12836:
12835:
12830:
12827:
12825:
12822:
12810:
12806:
12801:
12799:
12796:
12795:
12791:
12775:
12769:
12753:
12749:
12745:
12739:
12731:
12727:
12720:
12718:
12709:
12705:
12699:
12691:
12684:
12676:
12672:
12665:
12649:
12645:
12639:
12623:
12619:
12613:
12597:
12593:
12587:
12571:
12567:
12561:
12545:
12541:
12537:
12530:
12514:
12510:
12504:
12488:
12484:
12478:
12462:
12458:
12452:
12436:
12432:
12426:
12410:
12406:
12400:
12384:
12380:
12374:
12368:
12367:
12362:
12359:
12355:
12352:
12346:
12340:
12339:
12335:
12331:
12328:
12322:
12307:
12306:
12298:
12282:
12278:
12274:
12270:
12265:
12257:
12241:
12237:
12236:
12231:
12224:
12208:
12205:(in French).
12204:
12203:
12198:
12191:
12175:
12171:
12167:
12161:
12154:
12150:
12147:
12141:
12125:
12121:
12117:
12113:
12112:
12106:
12098:
12082:
12078:
12074:
12067:
12051:
12047:
12046:The Economist
12043:
12036:
12020:
12016:
12012:
12005:
11999:
11995:
11992:
11988:
11972:
11968:
11964:
11958:
11942:
11938:
11934:
11927:
11911:
11907:
11906:The Telegraph
11903:
11896:
11880:
11876:
11872:
11866:
11850:
11846:
11840:
11824:
11820:
11814:
11812:
11795:
11791:
11790:
11785:
11778:
11762:
11758:
11752:
11736:
11732:
11731:
11726:
11719:
11703:
11700:. France 24.
11699:
11692:
11676:
11673:. France 24.
11672:
11665:
11649:
11645:
11644:
11639:
11633:
11617:
11613:
11609:
11603:
11601:
11584:
11580:
11576:
11570:
11568:
11551:
11547:
11546:
11545:The Telegraph
11541:
11534:
11518:
11514:
11513:
11508:
11501:
11486:
11482:
11476:
11460:
11457:(in French).
11456:
11455:
11450:
11443:
11436:
11431:
11429:
11421:
11416:
11409:
11404:
11397:
11392:
11385:
11380:
11373:
11368:
11361:
11356:
11354:
11346:
11341:
11334:
11329:
11327:
11319:
11314:
11307:
11302:
11300:
11298:
11290:
11285:
11283:
11266:
11262:
11261:
11260:The Telegraph
11256:
11249:
11247:
11245:
11243:
11241:
11233:
11228:
11221:
11216:
11200:
11196:
11190:
11186:
11182:
11175:
11168:
11163:
11161:
11159:
11151:
11146:
11139:
11134:
11127:
11122:
11115:
11110:
11108:
11106:
11098:
11093:
11077:
11073:
11067:
11060:
11055:
11048:
11043:
11036:
11031:
11024:
11019:
11012:
11007:
11005:
11003:
10995:
10990:
10983:
10978:
10971:
10966:
10964:
10956:
10951:
10944:
10939:
10932:
10927:
10921:, p. 93.
10920:
10915:
10908:
10903:
10896:
10891:
10884:
10879:
10872:
10867:
10860:
10855:
10849:, p. 90.
10848:
10843:
10841:
10833:
10828:
10821:
10816:
10809:
10804:
10802:
10795:, p. 70.
10794:
10789:
10782:
10777:
10771:, p. 68.
10770:
10765:
10758:
10753:
10751:
10749:
10747:
10745:
10743:
10735:
10730:
10714:
10707:
10700:
10694:, p. 80.
10693:
10688:
10686:
10678:
10673:
10671:
10663:
10658:
10651:
10646:
10639:
10634:
10632:
10630:
10628:
10626:
10624:
10616:
10611:
10609:
10607:
10605:
10603:
10595:
10590:
10583:
10578:
10572:, p. 63.
10571:
10566:
10560:, p. 62.
10559:
10554:
10548:, p. 76.
10547:
10542:
10535:
10530:
10524:, p. 61.
10523:
10518:
10511:
10506:
10504:
10502:
10500:
10498:
10496:
10489:, p. 60.
10488:
10483:
10481:
10473:
10468:
10466:
10464:
10462:
10460:
10452:
10447:
10431:
10427:
10426:
10421:
10414:
10406:
10400:
10396:
10395:
10387:
10380:
10375:
10368:
10363:
10356:
10351:
10349:
10347:
10339:
10334:
10328:, p. 43.
10327:
10322:
10315:
10310:
10303:
10298:
10291:
10286:
10279:
10274:
10267:
10262:
10255:
10250:
10244:, p. 41.
10243:
10238:
10236:
10228:
10223:
10221:
10219:
10211:
10206:
10199:
10194:
10192:
10190:
10182:
10177:
10170:
10165:
10163:
10155:
10150:
10143:
10138:
10132:, p. 39.
10131:
10126:
10124:
10116:
10111:
10104:
10099:
10092:
10087:
10071:
10067:
10063:
10059:
10055:
10048:
10042:, p. 13.
10041:
10036:
10030:, p. 94.
10029:
10024:
10017:
10012:
10005:
10000:
9993:
9988:
9986:
9978:
9973:
9966:
9961:
9953:
9947:
9943:
9942:
9934:
9927:
9922:
9915:
9910:
9903:
9898:
9891:
9886:
9879:
9874:
9859:
9855:
9849:
9833:
9829:
9825:
9819:
9803:
9799:
9795:
9789:
9787:
9770:
9766:
9762:
9755:
9739:
9735:
9731:
9725:
9723:
9706:
9702:
9698:
9692:
9690:
9677:
9673:
9668:
9667:
9666:
9665:
9655:
9651:
9644:
9628:
9624:
9618:
9602:
9598:
9594:
9587:
9571:
9567:
9561:
9543:
9539:
9535:
9531:
9519:
9515:
9511:
9507:
9506:
9502:
9484:
9480:
9476:
9472:
9471:
9456:
9452:
9448:
9444:
9443:
9428:
9424:
9419:
9418:
9403:
9399:
9395:
9394:
9390:
9375:
9374:
9369:
9363:
9348:
9344:
9338:
9336:
9319:
9315:
9314:
9309:
9303:
9301:
9293:
9288:
9281:
9276:
9269:
9265:
9261:
9253:
9237:
9233:
9227:
9220:
9215:
9208:
9204:
9200:
9196:
9192:
9185:
9179:
9163:
9159:
9153:
9149:
9145:
9144:
9136:
9128:
9124:
9120:
9116:
9112:
9108:
9104:
9100:
9093:
9077:
9073:
9067:
9063:
9059:
9055:
9048:
9032:
9028:
9021:
9001:
8997:
8996:
8991:
8986:
8974:
8971:. France 24.
8970:
8965:
8953:
8949:
8945:
8940:
8928:
8924:
8920:
8915:
8903:
8899:
8895:
8890:
8878:
8875:. France 24.
8874:
8869:
8857:
8853:
8849:
8844:
8840:
8836:
8832:
8827:
8815:
8812:. France 24.
8811:
8806:
8794:
8790:
8786:
8785:
8784:
8781:
8776:(1): 679–695.
8775:
8771:
8766:
8762:
8756:
8752:
8747:
8745:
8742:
8738:
8736:9781349284764
8732:
8728:
8723:
8719:
8713:
8709:
8705:
8700:
8696:
8692:
8688:
8684:
8680:
8676:
8672:
8667:
8663:
8659:
8655:
8651:
8647:
8643:
8638:
8634:
8630:
8626:
8622:
8617:
8613:
8611:9780472084418
8607:
8603:
8598:
8594:
8588:
8584:
8579:
8575:
8570:
8566:
8560:
8556:
8551:
8549:
8546:
8544:
8541:
8537:
8535:9782020232005
8531:
8527:
8522:
8521:
8520:
8517:
8516:
8514:
8508:
8506:
8486:
8482:
8478:
8473:
8461:
8457:
8453:
8449:
8448:
8444:
8433:
8432:The Economist
8429:
8425:
8421:
8417:
8413:
8409:
8403:
8399:
8395:
8391:
8386:
8385:
8381:
8373:
8367:
8351:
8347:
8343:
8336:
8320:
8316:
8312:
8305:
8289:
8285:
8278:
8274:
8258:
8251:
8245:
8236:
8227:
8218:
8208:
8202:
8196:
8190:
8184:
8174:
8167:
8163:
8159:
8156:(1999–2001),
8155:
8151:
8147:
8141:
8137:
8127:
8124:
8122:
8119:
8117:
8114:
8113:
8098:
8095:
8092:
8090:
8087:
8086:
8078:
8075:
8072:
8070:
8067:
8066:
8058:
8055:
8052:
8050:
8047:
8046:
8038:
8035:
8032:
8030:
8027:
8026:
8022:
8019:
8016:
8013:
8012:
7998:
7992:
7988:
7981:
7978:
7970:
7963:
7960:
7957:
7955:
7952:
7951:
7948:
7945:
7937:
7930:
7927:
7924:
7922:
7917:
7914:
7913:
7910:
7907:
7899:
7892:
7889:
7886:
7884:
7883:Marine Le Pen
7881:
7879:
7876:
7875:
7866:
7859:
7856:
7853:
7851:
7848:
7847:
7844:
7843:
7831:
7824:
7821:
7818:
7816:
7813:
7812:
7809:
7806:
7798:
7791:
7788:
7785:
7783:
7780:
7779:
7776:
7775:
7771:
7763:
7756:
7753:
7750:
7748:
7745:
7744:
7741:
7738:
7730:
7723:
7720:
7717:
7715:
7712:
7711:
7708:
7705:
7702:
7695:
7692:
7689:
7687:
7682:
7679:
7678:
7674:
7671:
7668:
7665:
7662:
7659:
7656:
7655:
7652:
7651:
7645:
7630:
7623:
7616:
7609:
7606:
7603:
7600:
7597:
7595:
7592:
7591:
7588:
7585:
7578:
7571:
7564:
7561:
7558:
7555:
7552:
7550:
7549:Marine Le Pen
7545:
7542:
7541:
7533:
7526:
7519:
7516:
7513:
7510:
7507:
7505:
7502:
7501:
7498:
7488:
7481:
7474:
7471:
7468:
7465:
7462:
7460:
7457:
7456:
7448:
7441:
7434:
7431:
7428:
7425:
7422:
7420:
7417:
7416:
7410:
7400:
7393:
7386:
7383:
7380:
7377:
7374:
7372:
7369:
7368:
7364:
7362:
7359:
7352:
7345:
7338:
7335:
7332:
7329:
7326:
7324:
7319:
7316:
7315:
7311:
7308:
7305:
7302:
7299:
7296:
7293:
7290:
7287:
7284:
7281:
7280:
7277:
7262:
7254:
7251:
7248:
7240:
7237:
7234:
7232:
7229:
7228:
7224:
7216:
7213:
7210:
7202:
7199:
7196:
7194:
7191:
7190:
7186:
7175:
7172:
7169:
7167:
7166:Marine Le Pen
7162:
7159:
7158:
7154:
7143:
7140:
7137:
7135:
7132:
7131:
7127:
7119:
7116:
7113:
7105:
7102:
7099:
7097:
7094:
7093:
7089:
7078:
7075:
7072:
7070:
7067:
7066:
7062:
7051:
7048:
7045:
7043:
7038:
7035:
7034:
7031:
7026:
7023:
7022:
7018:
7007:
7004:
7001:
6999:
6996:
6994:
6991:
6990:
6986:
6983:
6980:
6977:
6974:
6971:
6970:
6964:Second round
6953:
6933:
6926:
6923:
6920:
6917:
6914:
6912:
6909:
6907:
6904:
6903:
6892:
6885:
6882:
6879:
6876:
6873:
6871:
6868:
6867:
6856:
6849:
6846:
6843:
6840:
6837:
6835:
6832:
6831:
6820:
6813:
6810:
6807:
6804:
6801:
6799:
6798:Marine Le Pen
6794:
6791:
6790:
6782:
6775:
6772:
6769:
6766:
6763:
6761:
6758:
6757:
6746:
6739:
6736:
6733:
6730:
6727:
6725:
6722:
6721:
6710:
6703:
6700:
6697:
6694:
6691:
6689:
6686:
6685:
6674:
6667:
6664:
6661:
6658:
6655:
6653:
6650:
6649:
6638:
6631:
6628:
6625:
6622:
6619:
6617:
6614:
6613:
6602:
6595:
6592:
6589:
6586:
6583:
6581:
6578:
6577:
6569:
6562:
6559:
6556:
6553:
6550:
6548:
6545:
6544:
6536:
6529:
6526:
6523:
6520:
6517:
6515:
6512:
6511:
6503:
6496:
6493:
6490:
6487:
6484:
6482:
6477:
6474:
6473:
6469:
6466:
6463:
6460:
6457:
6454:
6451:
6448:
6447:
6444:
6434:
6432:
6428:
6424:
6413:
6411:
6407:
6403:
6390:
6387:
6384:
6381:
6380:Steeve Briois
6378:
6375:
6372:
6369:
6366:
6363:
6360:
6357:
6354:
6351:
6348:
6345:
6342:
6339:
6336:
6333:
6332:
6331:
6320:
6317:
6314:
6312:
6309:
6307:
6304:
6303:
6302:
6297:, (2019–2022)
6296:
6293:
6290:
6289:Steeve Briois
6287:
6284:
6281:
6278:
6275:
6272:
6269:
6266:
6263:
6260:
6257:
6256:
6255:
6241:
6237:
6235:
6228:
6226:
6221:
6213:
6209:
6205:
6201:
6197:
6193:
6189:
6184:
6180:
6177:
6175:
6174:Marine Le Pen
6170:
6162:
6158:
6154:
6150:
6146:
6142:
6138:
6134:
6130:
6125:
6121:
6118:
6116:
6111:
6103:
6097:
6092:
6089:
6086:
6085:
6077:
6075:
6071:
6067:
6063:
6059:
6055:
6052:(treasurer),
6051:
6050:Kévin Pfeffer
6047:
6043:
6039:
6038:Steeve Briois
6036:(president),
6035:
6025:
6022:
6018:
6014:
6010:
6005:
6003:
5999:
5994:
5992:
5988:
5984:
5980:
5976:
5972:
5968:
5964:
5959:
5957:
5953:
5949:
5945:
5941:
5940:Narendra Modi
5937:
5932:
5930:
5926:
5922:
5918:
5913:
5911:
5907:
5903:
5902:Nenad Popović
5899:
5895:
5890:
5887:
5883:
5878:
5874:
5870:
5865:
5863:
5859:
5855:
5851:
5846:
5842:
5837:
5835:
5834:Umberto Bossi
5831:
5827:
5823:
5818:
5816:
5812:
5808:
5804:
5800:
5796:
5795:gold standard
5792:
5788:
5784:
5780:
5776:
5772:
5768:
5763:
5761:
5757:
5756:Bürger in Wut
5753:
5752:Vlaams Belang
5749:
5745:
5741:
5737:
5733:
5729:
5728:Marine Le Pen
5724:
5722:
5718:
5717:
5712:
5708:
5704:
5700:
5699:Welfare Party
5695:
5691:
5686:
5684:
5680:
5676:
5672:
5668:
5664:
5660:
5656:
5652:
5651:We Are Family
5648:
5644:
5640:
5636:
5632:
5628:
5624:
5620:
5616:
5612:
5608:
5607:Vlaams Belang
5604:
5600:
5596:
5592:
5588:
5584:
5580:
5576:
5572:
5568:
5564:
5560:
5556:
5552:
5542:
5540:
5536:
5532:
5528:
5527:Marine Le Pen
5518:
5516:
5512:
5508:
5498:
5496:
5491:
5487:
5483:
5482:
5477:
5466:
5463:
5459:
5458:anti-Semitism
5455:
5451:
5446:
5445:
5441:
5438:
5433:
5431:
5427:
5423:
5419:
5414:
5413:
5408:
5396:Controversies
5393:
5389:
5387:
5383:
5379:
5375:
5365:
5364:was ongoing.
5363:
5359:
5348:
5346:
5342:
5338:
5328:
5326:
5322:
5317:
5315:
5310:
5308:
5304:
5300:
5295:
5294:
5289:
5285:
5284:
5279:
5275:
5272:
5268:
5264:
5263:United States
5260:
5256:
5246:
5244:
5240:
5236:
5232:
5228:
5224:
5220:
5216:
5211:
5209:
5205:
5201:
5197:
5193:
5188:
5183:
5181:
5177:
5173:
5169:
5165:
5161:
5156:
5154:
5150:
5147:. He visited
5146:
5143:and the 2003
5142:
5138:
5137:United States
5134:
5130:
5126:
5122:
5118:
5114:
5110:
5106:
5102:
5098:
5088:
5085:
5081:
5077:
5073:
5063:
5061:
5057:
5047:
5045:
5041:
5035:
5032:
5028:
5023:
5021:
5020:welfare state
5017:
5016:globalisation
5013:
5009:
5005:
5001:
5000:protectionism
4997:
4996:neoliberalism
4992:
4990:
4986:
4981:
4977:
4973:
4963:
4961:
4956:
4954:
4950:
4946:
4942:
4932:
4928:
4926:
4921:
4919:
4914:
4910:
4902:
4893:
4891:
4886:
4884:
4880:
4874:
4872:
4871:death penalty
4868:
4864:
4860:
4859:law-and-order
4853:Law and order
4850:
4846:
4844:
4840:
4839:working class
4836:
4832:
4828:
4824:
4820:
4816:
4812:
4811:
4806:
4802:
4798:
4797:Michel Winock
4794:
4790:
4786:
4782:
4781:James Shields
4774:
4769:
4758:
4753:
4751:
4746:
4744:
4739:
4738:
4736:
4735:
4730:
4720:
4718:
4708:
4707:
4706:
4705:
4698:
4695:
4692:
4691:
4686:
4684:
4681:
4679:
4676:
4674:
4671:
4669:
4666:
4664:
4661:
4659:
4656:
4654:
4653:
4649:
4648:
4642:
4641:
4634:
4633:
4629:
4627:
4626:
4622:
4620:
4619:
4615:
4613:
4612:
4608:
4603:
4602:
4598:
4596:
4595:
4591:
4589:
4588:
4584:
4582:
4581:
4577:
4575:
4574:
4570:
4568:
4567:
4563:
4561:
4560:
4559:L'Écho du Sud
4556:
4554:
4553:
4549:
4547:
4546:
4542:
4540:
4537:
4536:
4530:
4529:
4521:
4520:
4515:
4513:
4510:
4508:
4505:
4502:
4501:
4496:
4493:
4492:
4487:
4484:
4483:
4478:
4475:
4474:
4469:
4468:
4467:
4466:
4459:
4458:
4453:
4451:
4448:
4445:
4444:
4439:
4437:
4434:
4431:
4430:
4425:
4423:
4420:
4415:
4412:
4409:
4408:
4403:
4402:
4401:
4396:Organisations
4393:
4392:
4385:
4382:
4380:
4377:
4375:
4372:
4370:
4367:
4365:
4362:
4360:
4357:
4355:
4352:
4350:
4347:
4345:
4342:
4340:
4337:
4335:
4332:
4331:
4330:
4329:
4323:
4320:
4318:
4317:Soyons libres
4315:
4313:
4310:
4308:
4305:
4303:
4300:
4298:
4295:
4293:
4290:
4288:
4285:
4283:
4282:French Future
4280:
4278:
4275:
4273:
4270:
4269:
4268:
4260:
4259:
4252:
4249:
4247:
4244:
4242:
4239:
4237:
4234:
4232:
4229:
4227:
4224:
4222:
4219:
4217:
4214:
4212:
4209:
4207:
4204:
4202:
4199:
4197:
4194:
4192:
4189:
4187:
4184:
4182:
4179:
4177:
4174:
4172:
4169:
4167:
4164:
4160:
4157:
4156:
4155:
4152:
4150:
4147:
4145:
4142:
4140:
4137:
4135:
4132:
4130:
4127:
4125:
4122:
4120:
4117:
4115:
4112:
4110:
4107:
4106:
4100:
4099:
4089:
4088:
4084:
4079:
4078:
4074:
4069:
4068:
4064:
4059:
4058:
4054:
4049:
4048:
4044:
4039:
4038:
4034:
4029:
4026:
4021:
4020:
4016:
4011:
4010:
4006:
4000:
3996:
3991:
3990:
3986:
3981:
3980:
3976:
3971:
3970:
3966:
3961:
3960:
3956:
3951:
3950:
3946:
3941:
3940:
3936:
3931:
3930:
3926:
3921:
3920:
3916:
3915:
3909:
3908:
3901:
3898:
3896:
3893:
3891:
3888:
3886:
3883:
3881:
3878:
3876:
3873:
3871:
3868:
3866:
3863:
3861:
3858:
3856:
3853:
3851:
3848:
3846:
3843:
3841:
3838:
3836:
3833:
3831:
3828:
3826:
3823:
3821:
3818:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3808:
3806:
3803:
3801:
3800:de La Mennais
3798:
3796:
3793:
3791:
3788:
3786:
3783:
3781:
3778:
3776:
3773:
3771:
3768:
3766:
3763:
3761:
3758:
3756:
3753:
3751:
3748:
3746:
3743:
3741:
3738:
3736:
3733:
3731:
3728:
3726:
3723:
3721:
3718:
3716:
3713:
3711:
3708:
3706:
3703:
3701:
3698:
3696:
3693:
3691:
3688:
3687:
3684:Intellectuals
3681:
3680:
3673:
3670:
3668:
3665:
3663:
3660:
3658:
3655:
3653:
3650:
3646:
3643:
3641:
3638:
3637:
3636:
3633:
3631:
3628:
3626:
3623:
3621:
3618:
3616:
3613:
3610:
3609:
3608:Ancien Régime
3604:
3603:
3597:
3596:
3589:
3586:
3583:
3582:
3581:Souverainisme
3577:
3575:
3572:
3570:
3566:
3564:
3561:
3559:
3556:
3554:
3551:
3546:
3545:
3540:
3539:
3538:
3535:
3533:
3530:
3528:
3525:
3523:
3522:Family values
3520:
3518:
3515:
3510:
3509:
3504:
3502:
3499:
3498:
3497:
3494:
3491:
3490:
3485:
3483:
3480:
3478:
3475:
3473:
3470:
3469:
3463:
3462:
3455:
3452:
3448:
3445:
3442:
3441:
3436:
3434:
3431:
3429:
3426:
3425:
3424:
3421:
3418:
3417:
3412:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3395:
3394:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3385:
3380:
3379:
3374:
3372:
3369:
3368:
3367:
3364:
3363:
3357:
3356:
3352:
3348:
3347:
3344:
3339:
3338:
3334:
3330:
3329:
3321:
3319:
3315:
3311:
3307:
3303:
3302:opinion polls
3300:According to
3298:
3294:
3292:
3288:
3282:
3272:
3269:
3267:
3263:
3259:
3258:Vlaams Belang
3255:
3251:
3247:
3237:
3235:
3230:
3220:
3218:
3214:
3210:
3205:
3203:
3198:
3196:
3192:
3187:
3185:
3181:
3177:
3173:
3168:
3166:
3162:
3158:
3153:
3151:
3147:
3142:
3140:
3136:
3132:
3128:
3124:
3120:
3116:
3111:
3109:
3105:
3101:
3097:
3092:
3090:
3089:Ludovic Pajot
3086:
3082:
3077:
3076:
3072:
3068:
3062:
3052:
3050:
3041:
3037:
3035:
3034:
3028:
3026:
3022:
3018:
3014:
3010:
3006:
3002:
2998:
2994:
2990:
2986:
2982:
2978:
2968:
2966:
2962:
2957:
2955:
2951:
2947:
2942:
2940:
2935:
2933:
2929:
2924:
2922:
2913:
2908:
2901:
2900:Marine Le Pen
2897:
2892:
2877:
2875:
2870:
2868:
2864:
2860:
2856:
2855:Pas de Calais
2852:
2851:Marine Le Pen
2848:
2844:
2839:
2837:
2833:
2825:
2820:
2811:
2809:
2805:
2800:
2796:
2795:Lionel Jospin
2792:
2783:
2774:
2772:
2768:
2764:
2759:
2757:
2753:
2749:
2745:
2737:
2733:
2724:
2721:
2715:
2710:
2706:
2702:
2698:
2694:
2690:
2686:
2681:
2679:
2675:
2671:
2667:
2663:
2662:
2657:
2653:
2649:
2648:
2641:
2639:
2634:
2632:
2627:
2623:
2619:
2615:
2610:
2608:
2604:
2600:
2596:
2592:
2581:
2578:
2574:
2569:
2567:
2563:
2562:death penalty
2559:
2555:
2550:
2548:
2543:
2542:collaborators
2539:
2535:
2531:
2525:
2523:
2518:
2514:
2511:
2507:
2503:
2499:
2495:
2491:
2487:
2478:
2474:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2451:
2446:
2442:
2438:
2433:
2431:
2426:
2424:
2420:
2416:
2412:
2408:
2404:
2400:
2396:
2392:
2388:
2384:
2380:
2376:
2372:
2362:
2360:
2356:
2352:
2351:Évian Accords
2348:
2344:
2339:
2337:
2333:
2328:
2326:
2322:
2318:
2317:Ordre Nouveau
2314:
2310:
2306:
2302:
2298:
2294:
2290:
2286:
2282:
2278:
2277:Ordre Nouveau
2268:
2263:
2254:
2245:
2221:
2219:
2215:
2211:
2206:
2205:
2198:
2195:
2194:
2193:Ordre Nouveau
2187:
2186:
2179:
2178:
2172:
2168:
2163:
2157:
2152:
2148:
2144:
2140:
2136:
2132:
2128:
2118:
2116:
2111:
2107:
2103:
2099:
2098:2022 election
2095:
2091:
2086:
2084:
2080:
2079:Schengen Area
2076:
2072:
2068:
2064:
2059:
2057:
2053:
2049:
2045:
2041:
2037:
2033:
2028:
2026:
2021:
2020:Marine Le Pen
2017:
2012:
2008:
2007:Ordre Nouveau
2003:
2001:
2000:law and order
1997:
1993:
1992:protectionism
1989:
1985:
1981:
1977:
1973:
1969:
1965:
1961:
1957:
1953:
1949:
1945:
1941:
1937:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1919:
1915:
1910:
1902:
1898:
1886:
1881:
1879:
1874:
1872:
1867:
1866:
1864:
1863:
1858:
1848:
1846:
1836:
1835:
1834:
1833:
1826:
1823:
1820:
1819:
1814:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1804:
1802:
1799:
1797:
1794:
1792:
1789:
1787:
1784:
1782:
1781:
1777:
1776:
1770:
1769:
1762:
1761:
1757:
1755:
1754:
1750:
1748:
1747:
1743:
1741:
1740:
1736:
1731:
1730:
1726:
1724:
1723:
1719:
1717:
1716:
1712:
1710:
1709:
1705:
1703:
1702:
1698:
1696:
1695:
1691:
1689:
1688:
1687:L'Écho du Sud
1684:
1682:
1681:
1677:
1675:
1674:
1670:
1668:
1665:
1664:
1658:
1657:
1649:
1648:
1643:
1641:
1638:
1636:
1633:
1630:
1629:
1624:
1621:
1620:
1615:
1612:
1611:
1606:
1603:
1602:
1597:
1596:
1595:
1594:
1587:
1586:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1573:
1572:
1567:
1565:
1562:
1559:
1558:
1553:
1551:
1548:
1543:
1540:
1537:
1536:
1531:
1530:
1529:
1524:Organisations
1521:
1520:
1513:
1510:
1508:
1505:
1503:
1500:
1498:
1495:
1493:
1490:
1488:
1485:
1483:
1480:
1478:
1475:
1473:
1470:
1468:
1465:
1463:
1460:
1459:
1458:
1457:
1451:
1448:
1446:
1445:Soyons libres
1443:
1441:
1438:
1436:
1433:
1431:
1428:
1426:
1423:
1421:
1418:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1410:French Future
1408:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1398:
1397:
1396:
1388:
1387:
1380:
1377:
1375:
1372:
1370:
1367:
1365:
1362:
1360:
1357:
1355:
1352:
1350:
1347:
1345:
1342:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1312:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1302:
1300:
1297:
1295:
1292:
1288:
1285:
1284:
1283:
1280:
1278:
1275:
1273:
1270:
1268:
1265:
1263:
1260:
1258:
1255:
1253:
1250:
1248:
1245:
1243:
1240:
1238:
1235:
1234:
1228:
1227:
1217:
1216:
1212:
1207:
1206:
1202:
1197:
1196:
1192:
1187:
1186:
1182:
1177:
1176:
1172:
1167:
1166:
1162:
1157:
1154:
1149:
1148:
1144:
1139:
1138:
1134:
1128:
1124:
1119:
1118:
1114:
1109:
1108:
1104:
1099:
1098:
1094:
1089:
1088:
1084:
1079:
1078:
1074:
1069:
1068:
1064:
1059:
1058:
1054:
1049:
1048:
1044:
1043:
1037:
1036:
1029:
1026:
1024:
1021:
1019:
1016:
1014:
1011:
1009:
1006:
1004:
1001:
999:
996:
994:
991:
989:
986:
984:
981:
979:
976:
974:
971:
969:
966:
964:
961:
959:
956:
954:
951:
949:
946:
944:
941:
939:
936:
934:
931:
929:
928:de La Mennais
926:
924:
921:
919:
916:
914:
911:
909:
906:
904:
901:
899:
896:
894:
891:
889:
886:
884:
881:
879:
876:
874:
871:
869:
866:
864:
861:
859:
856:
854:
851:
849:
846:
844:
841:
839:
836:
834:
831:
829:
826:
824:
821:
819:
816:
815:
812:Intellectuals
809:
808:
801:
798:
796:
793:
791:
788:
786:
783:
781:
778:
774:
771:
769:
766:
765:
764:
761:
759:
756:
754:
751:
749:
746:
744:
741:
738:
737:
736:Ancien Régime
732:
731:
725:
724:
717:
714:
711:
710:
709:Souverainisme
705:
703:
700:
698:
694:
692:
689:
687:
684:
682:
679:
674:
673:
668:
667:
666:
663:
661:
658:
656:
653:
651:
650:Family values
648:
646:
643:
638:
637:
632:
630:
627:
626:
625:
622:
619:
618:
613:
611:
608:
606:
603:
601:
598:
597:
591:
590:
583:
580:
576:
573:
570:
569:
564:
562:
559:
557:
554:
553:
552:
549:
546:
545:
540:
536:
533:
531:
528:
526:
523:
522:
521:
518:
516:
513:
508:
507:
502:
500:
497:
496:
495:
492:
491:
485:
484:
480:
476:
475:
472:
467:
466:
462:
458:
457:
448:
447:radical right
444:
439:
432:
429:
427:
424:
422:
419:
418:
415:
411:
406:
399:
394:
386:
384:
380:
372:
370:
366:
358:
356:
352:
344:
342:
338:
330:
328:
324:
316:
314:
310:
302:
300:
296:
289:
285:
280:
277:
275:
271:
268:
265:
263:
259:
255:
252:
248:
245:
242:
240:
236:
230:
227:
225:
222:
221:
219:
217:
213:
209:
202:
199:
196:
194:Security wing
192:
189:
186:
184:
180:
177:
174:
169:
165:
162:
161:Ordre Nouveau
159:
155:
141:
137:
134:
130:
127:
123:
119:
118:Marine Le Pen
116:
112:
106:
103:
101:
98:
96:
93:
92:
90:
86:
83:
80:
76:
72:
68:
64:
59:
47:
44:
40:
33:
19:
19566:Algerian War
19561:Vichy France
19517:
19505:
19498:
19484:
19477:
19470:
19463:
19443:
19431:
19426:Maurrassisme
19424:
19417:
19141:The Patriots
19041:Alsace First
18950:Jeune Nation
18738:
18731:
18714:
18707:
18700:
18693:
18686:
18669:
18664:Croix-de-Feu
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12934:DeClair 1999
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12877:. Retrieved
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12813:. Retrieved
12809:the original
12798:Shields 2007
12790:
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12768:
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12747:
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12732:(in French).
12730:Public Sénat
12729:
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9828:20minutes.fr
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9765:euractiv.com
9764:
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9675:
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8286:. BBC News.
8277:
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8217:
8207:
8173:
8168:(2019–2024).
8140:
7991:
7840:
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7029:
6961:First round
6948:Presidential
6419:
6399:
6329:
6300:
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6231:
6207:
6128:
6031:
6006:
5995:
5967:Viktor Orbán
5960:
5952:Brexit Party
5933:
5914:
5900:in 2014 and
5891:
5866:
5858:Brexit Party
5845:Nigel Farage
5838:
5819:
5815:Donald Trump
5807:Steve Bannon
5787:Islamophobia
5764:
5725:
5714:
5687:
5683:Latvia First
5677:, the Greek
5661:. After the
5591:Non-Inscrits
5548:
5541:assistants.
5524:
5504:
5479:
5472:
5442:
5434:
5410:
5404:
5390:
5386:Julien Bayou
5371:
5354:
5334:
5318:
5311:
5291:
5283:The Guardian
5281:
5278:Luke Harding
5276:
5271:new Cold War
5252:
5212:
5184:
5157:
5094:
5069:
5053:
5036:
5024:
4993:
4980:anti-statist
4969:
4960:Islamophobic
4957:
4941:Islamisation
4938:
4929:
4922:
4915:
4911:
4907:
4887:
4875:
4861:platform of
4856:
4847:
4838:
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4623:
4616:
4609:
4599:
4592:
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4550:
4543:
4500:Croix-de-Feu
4464:
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4399:
4327:
4326:
4301:
4266:
4226:de La Rocque
4085:
4075:
4065:
4055:
4045:
4035:
4017:
4007:
3987:
3977:
3967:
3957:
3947:
3937:
3927:
3917:
3672:Vichy France
3574:Social order
3553:Metapolitics
3544:Restauration
3440:Maurrassisme
3299:
3295:
3284:
3270:
3260:, the Dutch
3243:
3232:
3206:
3199:
3194:
3188:
3169:
3154:
3146:Steve Bannon
3143:
3118:
3114:
3112:
3100:The Patriots
3093:
3078:
3064:
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2871:
2862:
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2829:
2788:
2766:
2760:
2741:
2736:Bruno Mégret
2682:
2659:
2646:
2642:
2635:
2625:
2622:anti-Semitic
2617:
2612:In the snap
2611:
2594:
2591:Bruno Mégret
2587:
2570:
2557:
2551:
2526:
2520:In the June
2519:
2515:
2489:
2482:
2458:
2434:
2427:
2368:
2340:
2335:
2329:
2311:movement or
2308:
2292:
2288:
2284:
2276:
2274:
2266:
2261:
2209:
2199:
2124:
2087:
2062:
2060:
2048:Islamophobia
2042:, including
2036:antisemitism
2029:
2004:
1931:
1917:
1913:
1896:
1894:
1778:
1758:
1751:
1744:
1737:
1727:
1720:
1713:
1706:
1699:
1692:
1685:
1678:
1671:
1628:Croix-de-Feu
1592:
1591:
1527:
1455:
1454:
1429:
1394:
1354:de La Rocque
1213:
1203:
1193:
1183:
1173:
1163:
1145:
1135:
1115:
1105:
1095:
1085:
1075:
1065:
1055:
1045:
800:Vichy France
702:Social order
681:Metapolitics
672:Restauration
568:Maurrassisme
442:
438:
282:(since 2024)
167:Headquarters
70:Abbreviation
43:
19525:TV-Libertés
19489: [
19419:Boulangisme
19312:Malliarakis
18608:de Gobineau
18484:(1972–2015)
18364:(2012-2014)
18337: [
18301: [
18239:(2012-2017)
18218:Nicolas Bay
18212:(2011-2014)
18204:(2010-2011)
18196:(2005-2010)
18194:Louis Aliot
18188:(1995-2005)
18180:(1988-1995)
18172:(1981-1988)
18012:Louis Aliot
17995:(2011–2017)
17987:(1972–2011)
17848:Renaissance
17662:Marco Zanni
17466:Patriots.eu
17402:(in French)
17049:27 February
17027:6 September
16997:19 November
16967:19 November
16937:19 November
16907:19 November
16877:6 September
16785:(in French)
16759:11 November
16729:11 November
16699:11 November
16669:11 November
16639:11 November
16609:11 November
16205:27 February
15619:27 February
15440:10 December
15418:10 December
15391:6 September
15286:Le Parisien
15130:31 December
14797:Le Monde.fr
14715:lefigaro.fr
14451:12 December
14132:Der Spiegel
13930:Le Monde.fr
13397:19 February
13354:(in French)
13070:28 February
13043:28 February
13012:28 February
12981:28 February
12308:, France 24
10709:(In French)
9878:Davies 2012
9838:11 February
9808:11 February
9798:Le HuffPost
9775:11 February
9659:12 February
9479:Le Monde.fr
9451:theguardian
9324:5 September
9266:: 205–230.
9219:Davies 2012
9105:(5): e604.
9006:23 February
8933:28 February
8862:28 February
8799:28 February
7961:31.50 (#1)
7928:23.34 (#1)
7890:24.86 (#1)
7754:10.52 (#5)
7721:11.73 (#3)
7693:10.95 (#4)
7612:252 / 1,926
7567:358 / 1,722
7522:118 / 1,749
7477:156 / 1,880
7437:275 / 1,880
7389:239 / 1,880
7341:137 / 1,880
7249:13,288,686
7211:10,638,475
6921:10,110,079
6915:10,647,914
6388:(2014–2017)
6386:Nicolas Bay
6382:(2011–2014)
6370:(2005–2010)
6368:Louis Aliot
6364:(1995–2005)
6358:(1988–1995)
6352:(1981–1988)
6306:Louis Aliot
6265:Louis Aliot
6259:Alain Jamet
6062:Edwige Diaz
6042:Louis Aliot
6007:During the
5998:remigration
5983:Janez Janša
5882:Eric Ciotti
5856:, Farage's
5707:Jörg Haider
5659:Patriots.eu
5627:Finns Party
5571:Vlaams Blok
5567:Republicans
5450:settlements
5319:During the
5038:during the
5012:nationalism
4918:Arab Spring
4896:Immigration
4827:referendary
4801:nationalist
4785:Nonna Mayer
4690:Sinistrisme
4683:Remigration
4241:de Vaublanc
4211:de Polignac
4119:Cathelineau
4103:Politicians
3795:de Jouvenel
3790:Houellebecq
3785:de Gobineau
3615:Monarchiens
3532:Imperialism
3501:Meritocracy
3428:Bonapartism
3402:Integralism
3079:During the
2963:but behind
2863:Le Paquebot
2859:Saint-Cloud
2712: [
2658:, the 1989
2407:neo-fascist
2387:solidarists
2355:renaissance
2229:Early years
2135:tax protest
2067:Eurosceptic
2040:hate speech
1944:nationalist
1818:Sinistrisme
1811:Remigration
1369:de Vaublanc
1339:de Polignac
1247:Cathelineau
1231:Politicians
923:de Jouvenel
918:Houellebecq
913:de Gobineau
743:Monarchiens
660:Imperialism
629:Meritocracy
556:Bonapartism
530:Integralism
361:242 / 1,758
267:Patriots.eu
256:(2012–2017)
204:Membership
95:Louis Aliot
19586:Categories
19550:Revanchism
19362:Saint-Loup
19262:Fredriksen
19242:de Lesquen
19237:de Benoist
19126:Reconquête
18777:Brasillach
18695:La Cagoule
18623:de Lapouge
18613:de Maistre
18591:Precursors
18537:(daughter)
17975:Presidents
17914:See also:
17904:Reconquête
17322:27 October
17239:(3): 392.
16789:Libération
16470:Al Jazeera
16452:Liberation
16363:25 October
16331:23 January
16299:23 January
16249:23 January
16182:23 January
16066:23 January
15826:23 January
15794:23 January
15582:EUobserver
15381:Al Jazeera
15262:31 January
15229:31 January
15029:18 January
14953:3 November
14833:7 November
14484:31 January
13737:9 December
13626:. London.
13542:Al Jazeera
13486:Dutch News
13165:7 February
12904:5 November
12596:Franceinfo
12389:10 January
12246:15 October
12213:15 October
12170:La Dépêche
11908:. London.
11733:. London.
11512:20 Minutes
11485:Britannica
11072:"Archives"
9858:www.ft.com
9599:. London.
9548:9 December
9352:5 November
8900:. London.
8592:0472106635
8456:Liberation
8269:References
7958:7,765,936
7925:5,286,939
7887:4,712,461
7857:6.34 (#6)
7854:1,091,691
7822:9.81 (#4)
7819:1,684,792
7789:5.70 (#8)
7786:1,005,113
7751:2,050,086
7718:2,129,668
7690:2,210,334
7604:2,908,253
7598:2,743,497
7559:6,820,147
7553:6,018,672
7514:1,943,307
7508:2,223,800
7469:3,200,194
7463:3,564,064
7423:3,270,118
7375:3,396,141
7327:2,654,390
7235:8,133,828
7197:7,678,491
7170:6,421,426
7138:3,834,530
7114:5,525,032
7100:4,804,713
7073:4,570,838
7046:4,375,894
6958:Candidate
6880:3,589,465
6874:4,248,626
6844:1,590,858
6838:2,990,454
6802:3,528,373
6764:1,116,136
6728:2,873,390
6698:1,435,186
6692:3,791,063
6662:1,168,143
6656:3,155,702
6620:2,359,528
6584:2,703,442
6238:Incumbent
6094:Term start
6090:President
6080:Presidents
6028:Leadership
5799:Steve King
5767:Republican
5694:right-wing
5629:, and the
5601:, Italian
5531:Jean Marie
5507:Al Jazeera
5235:pro-Israel
5109:Maastricht
5080:Socialists
5004:Free World
4879:referendum
4867:referendum
4823:Boulangism
4334:Feuillants
4307:Reconquête
4246:de Villèle
4221:Retailleau
4087:Submission
3912:Literature
3875:de Rivarol
3860:Peyrefitte
3855:d'Ornellas
3830:de Maistre
3740:Brunetière
3710:de Benoist
3563:Patriotism
3537:Monarchism
3466:Principles
3433:Legitimism
3360:Ideologies
3310:exit polls
3075:En Marche!
2486:Socialists
2325:Poujadists
2156:frontistes
2121:Background
2032:xenophobia
1905:pronounced
1462:Feuillants
1435:Reconquête
1374:de Villèle
1349:Retailleau
1215:Submission
1040:Literature
1003:de Rivarol
988:Peyrefitte
983:d'Ornellas
958:de Maistre
868:Brunetière
838:de Benoist
691:Patriotism
665:Monarchism
594:Principles
561:Legitimism
488:Ideologies
389:26 / 4,108
183:Youth wing
149:1972-10-05
19439:Pétainism
19357:Reynouard
19337:Philippot
19287:Le Gallou
19272:Holeindre
19267:Gollnisch
19187:Benedetti
18817:Déroulède
18762:Bainville
18603:Boulanger
18178:Carl Lang
17891:Far-right
17253:145348163
17166:Routledge
16817:31 August
16807:Le Figaro
16599:Le Figaro
16560:31 August
16550:1765-2898
16516:31 August
16434:Le Figaro
16158:Nova.news
16006:France 24
15702:cite news
15218:Mediapart
15161:7 January
15018:L'Express
14649:219020617
14641:1350-1763
14596:Ukrinform
14202:Le Figaro
13810:France 24
13648:France 24
13634:25 August
13238:28 August
12708:France 24
12622:France 24
12312:11 August
12277:0362-4331
12120:0362-4331
11548:. Paris.
11263:. Paris.
10076:31 August
10066:1765-2898
9676:Le Figaro
9538:L'Express
9379:10 August
9148:Routledge
9127:202196807
9062:Routledge
8695:146600042
8662:143522149
8519:Academic:
8513:far-right
8014:Election
7675:EP Group
7657:Election
7648:See also
7282:Election
6929:142 / 577
6356:Carl Lang
6210:in 2018.
5973:from the
5862:Reform UK
5839:In 2014,
5830:Lega Nord
5779:Joe Walsh
5573:in a new
5476:Mediapart
5462:Zionistic
5407:Holocaust
5297:trips to
5280:wrote in
5204:Omar Radi
5113:Amsterdam
5008:Communism
4985:Reaganite
4805:far-right
4605:(Defunct)
4580:Le Figaro
4139:de Gaulle
4114:de Bonald
4009:The Crowd
3850:d'Orcival
3725:de Bonald
3695:Bainville
3645:Muscadins
3620:Feuillant
3489:Dirigisme
3454:Sarkozysm
3447:Orléanism
3005:Le Pontet
2981:Beaucaire
2824:Marseille
2705:Vitrolles
2697:Marignane
2377:and his "
2127:Poujadism
2075:CFP franc
2056:far-right
1936:far-right
1899:(French:
1733:(Defunct)
1708:Le Figaro
1267:de Gaulle
1242:de Bonald
1137:The Crowd
978:d'Orcival
853:de Bonald
823:Bainville
773:Muscadins
748:Feuillant
617:Dirigisme
582:Sarkozysm
575:Orléanism
431:Elections
305:126 / 577
293:Navy blue
244:Far-right
78:President
19472:Éléments
19377:Stirbois
19347:Rachline
19317:Maréchal
19217:Brigneau
19207:Bousquet
19177:Bardella
19172:Bardèche
18965:Occident
18892:Vaugeois
18847:Maulnier
18822:Dorgères
18812:Deloncle
18787:Clémenti
18671:Faisceau
18406:European
18388:National
18147:M Le Pen
18135:M Le Pen
18123:M Le Pen
18111:J Le Pen
18099:J Le Pen
18087:J Le Pen
18075:J Le Pen
18063:J Le Pen
17871:Horizons
17784:Far-left
17410:Archived
17374:(1993).
17281:31 March
17076:(2017).
17021:Archived
16991:Archived
16961:Archived
16931:Archived
16901:Archived
16871:Archived
16811:Archived
16778:Archived
16603:Archived
16554:Archived
16510:Archived
16416:Euractiv
16357:Archived
16352:TV5Monde
16325:Archived
16293:Archived
16269:Euractiv
16243:Archived
16225:Le Monde
16176:Archived
16140:Le Monde
16122:Euractiv
16086:Le Monde
16060:Archived
15954:15 March
15948:Archived
15906:France24
15888:BBC News
15820:Archived
15788:Archived
15768:24 April
15762:Archived
15737:31 March
15731:Archived
15661:cite web
15651:24 April
15642:Archived
15613:Archived
15593:3 August
15587:Archived
15554:Archived
15385:Archived
15354:Archived
15349:Le Monde
15328:31 March
15322:Archived
15318:Le Monde
15297:31 March
15291:Archived
15256:Archived
15223:Archived
15193:14 April
15187:Archived
15155:Archived
15124:Archived
15097:Archived
15093:Le Monde
15055:Archived
14991:Archived
14986:Le Monde
14921:Archived
14868:31 March
14859:Archived
14827:Archived
14801:Archived
14751:23 April
14745:Archived
14719:Archived
14578:Politico
14560:Euractiv
14534:Archived
14509:Archived
14505:France24
14478:Archived
14445:Archived
14420:31 March
14394:31 March
14388:Archived
14368:Archived
14287:Politico
14143:1 August
14137:Archived
14110:1 August
14073:Archived
14053:2 August
14047:Archived
13970:Archived
13912:Euractiv
13889:Le Monde
13835:Le Monde
13784:Le Monde
13757:Archived
13731:Archived
13727:BBC News
13706:31 March
13700:Archived
13628:Archived
13592:Archived
13467:CBS News
13448:PBS News
13418:Le Monde
13391:Archived
13360:Archived
13333:Archived
13313:1 August
13307:Archived
13305:. Rome.
13159:Archived
13064:Archived
13037:Archived
13006:Archived
12975:Archived
12873:Archived
12838:Archived
12831:(dir.),
12815:31 March
12752:Archived
12675:Le Monde
12648:POLITICO
12570:BBC News
12544:Archived
12513:Archived
12487:Archived
12461:Archived
12435:Archived
12409:Archived
12383:Archived
12354:Archived
12330:Archived
12287:30 March
12281:Archived
12240:Archived
12207:Archived
12202:HuffPost
12180:11 March
12174:Archived
12149:Archived
12124:Archived
12087:31 March
12081:Archived
12056:31 March
12050:Archived
12025:31 March
12019:Archived
11994:Archived
11977:31 March
11971:Archived
11947:31 March
11941:Archived
11916:31 March
11910:Archived
11885:31 March
11879:Archived
11829:31 March
11823:Archived
11761:Archived
11735:Archived
11702:Archived
11675:Archived
11648:Archived
11622:15 April
11616:Archived
11612:BBC News
11589:15 April
11583:Archived
11579:BBC News
11556:15 April
11550:Archived
11459:Archived
11271:15 April
11265:Archived
11199:Archived
11082:31 March
11076:Archived
10713:Archived
10436:22 March
10430:Archived
10070:Archived
9832:Archived
9802:Archived
9769:Archived
9738:Archived
9734:Le Monde
9711:11 March
9705:Archived
9701:Le Monde
9654:POLITICO
9633:31 March
9607:31 March
9601:Archived
9542:Archived
9518:Archived
9514:BBC News
9483:Archived
9455:Archived
9433:31 March
9427:Archived
9408:31 March
9318:Archived
9195:Pouvoirs
9162:Archived
9076:Archived
9031:Archived
9000:Archived
8973:Archived
8952:Archived
8927:Archived
8908:31 March
8902:Archived
8877:Archived
8856:Archived
8839:Archived
8835:France24
8814:Archived
8793:Archived
8491:31 March
8485:Archived
8466:9 August
8460:Archived
8350:Archived
8346:BBC News
8319:Archived
8288:Archived
8252:in 1989.
8160:(2007),
8110:See also
7002:190,921
6888:89 / 577
6808:842,684
6734:393,205
6598:35 / 573
6485:108,616
6099:Term end
5791:Ron Paul
5716:Issuikai
5671:ANO 2011
5490:donation
5337:Eurozone
5174:and the
5145:Iraq War
5141:Gulf War
5105:Schengen
5066:Feminism
4815:populist
4594:Le Point
4566:La Croix
4545:Éléments
4512:Hussards
4216:Pompidou
4201:Poincaré
4191:Pécresse
4181:Maréchal
4176:MacMahon
3949:The Pope
3895:Veuillot
3815:Lemaître
3810:Lefebvre
3735:Bruckner
3558:Nativism
3423:Royalism
3387:Gaullism
3371:Integral
3333:a series
3324:Ideology
3318:Ensemble
3150:pep talk
2937:For the
2841:For the
2789:For the
2670:Islamism
2650:against
2618:notables
2599:populist
2595:notables
2558:notables
2552:For the
2428:For the
2393:(1983),
2309:Militant
2214:monarchy
2212:, a pro-
2177:Occident
2153:, (many
2131:populist
1722:Le Point
1694:La Croix
1673:Éléments
1640:Hussards
1344:Pompidou
1329:Poincaré
1319:Pécresse
1309:Maréchal
1304:MacMahon
1077:The Pope
1023:Veuillot
943:Lemaître
938:Lefebvre
863:Bruckner
686:Nativism
551:Royalism
515:Gaullism
499:Integral
461:a series
216:Ideology
125:Founders
19519:Rivarol
19507:Présent
19402:Zemmour
19332:Messiha
19202:Bouchet
19197:Bompard
19056:Civitas
18901:Defunct
18882:Rebatet
18872:Plateau
18857:Maxence
18852:Maurras
18797:Darnard
18772:Bonnard
18618:Drumont
18496:(2016–)
18490:(2015–)
18274:(2014-)
18266:(2014-)
18247:(2012-)
18220:(2014-)
18046:(2014-)
18038:(2012-)
18030:(2012-)
18022:(2011-)
18014:(2011-)
17484:Parties
17062:Sources
16398:Twitter
16104:Reuters
15692:17 July
15360:4 April
15151:Haaretz
14927:6 April
14694:Reuters
14100:Reuters
13976:24 July
13936:30 June
13815:27 June
13789:27 June
13598:17 July
13423:26 June
13134:26 June
12758:30 June
12654:14 June
12628:19 June
12602:14 June
12576:14 June
12550:28 June
12441:6 April
12415:6 April
12015:Reuters
11855:4 April
11800:30 June
11767:30 June
11741:30 June
11490:14 June
10425:Jacobin
9576:17 June
9524:21 June
9242:26 June
9107:Bibcode
8958:30 June
8348:. BBC.
8315:AP News
8294:21 June
7966:30 / 81
7933:23 / 79
7895:24 / 74
7759:11 / 87
7726:10 / 81
7698:10 / 81
7660:Leader
7285:Leader
6967:Result
6852:8 / 577
6816:2 / 577
6778:0 / 577
6770:17,107
6742:0 / 577
6706:1 / 577
6670:0 / 577
6634:1 / 577
6565:0 / 491
6551:44,414
6532:0 / 491
6518:82,743
6499:0 / 491
6452:Leader
6002:Mayotte
5958:party.
5910:Revival
5843:leader
5690:Euronat
5444:Haaretz
5437:Israeli
5412:Rivarol
5259:Ukraine
5225:to the
5153:Baghdad
5070:In the
5050:Climate
4987:before
4966:Economy
4601:Présent
4491:Civitas
4465:Defunct
4328:Defunct
4263:Parties
4251:Zemmour
4236:Schuman
4231:Sarkozy
4206:Poisson
4186:Messmer
4171:Malraux
4166:Maurras
4109:Bellamy
3845:Maurras
3825:Madiran
3820:Le Play
3775:Dumézil
3730:Boutang
3705:Barruel
3600:History
3496:Elitism
3289:in the
3219:group.
3207:In the
3200:In the
3163:, left
3021:Béziers
2993:Hayange
2985:Cogolin
2975:In the
2944:In the
2872:In the
2799:May Day
2742:In the
2636:In the
2452:in the
2439:of the
2415:Zionist
2341:In the
2224:History
1950:in the
1729:Présent
1619:Civitas
1593:Defunct
1456:Defunct
1391:Parties
1379:Zemmour
1364:Schuman
1359:Sarkozy
1334:Poisson
1314:Messmer
1299:Malraux
1294:Maurras
1237:Bellamy
973:Maurras
953:Madiran
948:Le Play
903:Dumézil
858:Boutang
833:Barruel
728:History
624:Elitism
396:Website
375:0 / 101
333:30 / 81
319:3 / 348
287:Colours
147: (
139:Founded
19479:Minute
19392:Venner
19382:Susini
19352:Ravier
19327:Ménard
19322:Mégret
19307:Maribe
19252:Duprat
19232:Coston
19222:Briois
19162:Antony
18887:Vallat
18867:Pétain
18862:Ousset
18837:Guénon
18827:Doriot
18802:Daudet
18792:Coston
18782:Bucard
18757:Barrès
18709:Milice
18598:Bonald
18523:Family
18515:(2018)
18372:(2012)
18256:Senate
17840:Centre
17589:CHEGA!
17360:
17305:
17251:
17220:
17199:
17172:
17147:
17124:
17103:
17084:
16548:
16024:UnHerd
15502:8 July
15103:19 May
15061:5 July
14997:5 July
14807:19 May
14777:6 July
14647:
14639:
14540:15 May
14305:BFM TV
13763:5 July
13339:19 May
13095:
12879:5 July
12844:(1993)
12780:3 July
12519:19 May
12493:19 May
12467:19 May
12275:
12118:
11708:26 May
11681:26 May
11654:5 July
11523:5 July
11465:5 July
11454:Rue 89
11205:6 July
11191:
10401:
10064:
9948:
9863:8 July
9744:1 June
9347:dw.com
9238:. 2022
9168:6 July
9154:
9125:
9082:6 July
9068:
8883:26 May
8820:26 May
8757:
8733:
8714:
8693:
8660:
8608:
8589:
8561:
8532:
8404:
8356:8 July
8325:8 July
8198:
8192:
8186:
8180:
8101:0 / 54
8096:2.46%
8093:2,707
8081:0 / 54
8076:2.57%
8073:2,706
8061:0 / 54
8056:2.68%
8053:2,591
8041:4 / 54
8036:6.85%
8033:6,135
8023:Seats
8017:Votes
7862:3 / 74
7827:7 / 78
7794:5 / 87
7669:Seats
7663:Votes
7619:0 / 18
7607:19.1%
7601:18.7%
7574:0 / 18
7562:27.1%
7556:27.7%
7529:0 / 26
7511:11.4%
7484:0 / 26
7472:12.4%
7466:14.7%
7444:0 / 26
7426:15.3%
7396:0 / 26
7378:13.9%
7348:0 / 26
7300:Seats
7252:41.45
7238:23.15
7214:33.90
7200:21.30
7173:17.90
7141:10.44
7117:17.70
7103:16.86
7076:15.00
7049:14.39
6981:Votes
6972:Votes
6924:37.1%
6918:33.2%
6883:17.3%
6877:18.7%
6841:13.2%
6805:13.6%
6731:11.1%
6695:14.9%
6659:12.7%
6467:Seats
6155:and a
6072:, and
5963:Fidesz
5742:, the
5625:, the
5621:, the
5617:, the
5609:, the
5299:Moscow
5111:, and
4989:Reagan
4953:kosher
4835:ethnos
4813:) and
4775:, 2007
4611:Minute
4400:Active
4267:Active
4196:Pétain
4129:Ciotti
4091:(2015)
4081:(2014)
4071:(2006)
4061:(1983)
4051:(1972)
4041:(1945)
4031:(1905)
4023:(1900)
4013:(1895)
4003:(1882)
3993:(1864)
3983:(1855)
3973:(1835)
3963:(1821)
3953:(1819)
3943:(1802)
3933:(1797)
3923:(1796)
3840:Massis
3805:Le Bon
3780:Guénon
3765:Freund
3755:Daudet
3745:Carrel
3700:Barrès
3567:
3129:. His
3001:Le Luc
2989:Fréjus
2752:Toulon
2701:Orange
2699:, and
2693:Toulon
2536:and a
2291:), or
2275:While
2267:Right:
2197:(ON).
2147:colony
1994:, and
1739:Minute
1528:Active
1395:Active
1324:Pétain
1257:Ciotti
1219:(2015)
1209:(2014)
1199:(2006)
1189:(1983)
1179:(1972)
1169:(1945)
1159:(1905)
1151:(1900)
1141:(1895)
1131:(1882)
1121:(1864)
1111:(1855)
1101:(1835)
1091:(1821)
1081:(1819)
1071:(1802)
1061:(1797)
1051:(1796)
968:Massis
933:Le Bon
908:Guénon
893:Freund
883:Daudet
873:Carrel
828:Barrès
695:
441:
347:0 / 17
313:Senate
291:
206:(2024)
19493:]
19372:Soral
19367:Sidos
19277:Jalkh
19227:Camus
19192:Binet
19167:Ayoub
19157:Aliot
19096:GRECE
19036:AGRIF
19031:Adsav
18842:Laval
18504:Books
18341:]
18305:]
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