203:, looked at the experience of fish farming in jurisdictions around the world. The results were described in a "Containing disaster: global lessons on salmon aquaculture" (1997). The report looked at four countries with the longest experience with salmon farming: Norway, Scotland, Ireland, and Chile. In Norway, over a period of thirty years, salmon farming was largely unregulated and farms were densely stocked and sited close one another. They were often located in bays and fjords with little flushing action from the tide. As a result, diseases and parasites previously unknown began occurring in Norway's wild fish population. Along with disease came a decline in wild fish populations.
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company to protect some of
Clayoquot Sound's intact valleys. The agreement was not legally binding, and called for the environment groups to support the continued cutting of Clayoquot's ancient rainforests outside of the intact valleys. For this reason, FOCS did not sign the MOU. In 2006, Friends of Clayoquot Sound joined the coalition that signed the 1999 MOU. This coalition was formalized in 2010 as the Clayoquot Sound Conservation Alliance (CSCA). As part of the CSCA, FOCS works to achieve permanent legal protection for Clayoquot's intact valleys, while securing conservation financing to assist local First Nations to develop a conservation economy.
66:. The small group of activists then set their sights on protecting Clayoquot Sound's ancient temperate rainforest as a globally rare ecosystem (as recognized by the UNESCO). Pursuing both environmental and culture change goals, FOCS advocated for a transition to an environmentally friendly economy and society. In 1984 FOCS and
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are located along
Clayoquot Sound's coastline. These industrial salmon feedlots are housed in open net-pens suspended in the water along the inlets. Hence their wastes and chemicals are dumped directly into the water, and diseases and parasites can be passed to wild salmon. Friends of Clayoquot Sound
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natural heritage. Currently, FOCS and the other
Clayoquot Sound Conservation Alliance groups are working with First Nations towards a new conservation model in Clayoquot Sound: permanent protection of intact forest areas, coupled with financing for sustainable economic alternatives for First Nations.
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In a report released in April 1998, FOCS documented an outbreak of infectious salmon anemia (ISA) in New
Brunswick resulting in closure of twenty-five per cent of the industry and a net loss of $ 30 Million. The report concluded that while "some salmon farming problems seem unsolvable, others can be
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gold mine. The mining company would use massive excavation (mountain-top removal) to extract the low-grade ore (0.4% copper) from
Catface. Friends of Clayoquot Sound opposes mining in Clayoquot because it is inherently unsustainable and causes long-lasting environmental damage. FOCS is working with
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In
October, 2012, FOCS stated in a press release that the fish farms in Clayoquot Sound are within the UNESCO biosphere reserve and along the shores of a tribal park on Meares Island. "We are concerned this could spread disease, sea lice and pathogens to wild fish," said the release. A letter of
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In 1997, Friends of
Clayoquot Sound started a "fish farm campaign," aimed at reforming the open- net-cage salmon feedlot cultivation that occurs in the inlets of Clayoquot Sound. Two years later, FOCS helped negotiate a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) between environmental groups and a logging
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Friends of
Clayoquot Sound works to protect all of Clayoquot's ancient temperate rainforest, beginning with the intact areas that are unfragmented by logging. Magnificent 1,000-year-old trees should not be turned into pulp and boards but need to be protected as part of Canada's and the world's
140:. Friends of Clayoquot Sound recognises aboriginal rights and title. When other efforts fail to protect the environment from irreparable damage, Friends of Clayoquot Sound believes in peaceful direct action to mobilize people around a critical issue and create urgency for governments to act.
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From the beginning, public education campaigns, from local to international, have been a key tool of
Friends of Clayoquot Sound. By disseminating information about environmental issues facing Clayoquot, FOCS creates awareness and engages people to take action to protect the area. In a broader
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objection was sent to
Premier Christy Clark. The letter was signed by Tla-o-qui-aht and environmental groups Friends of Clayoquot Sound, Living Oceans Society, David Suzuki Foundation, Georgia Strait Alliance, Wilderness Committee, T. Buck Suzuki Foundation and Greenpeace.
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valley. In 1993, in response to British Columbia's decision to allow logging in most of Clayoquot Sound's ancient forests, FOCS organized the largest peaceful civil disobedience protest in Canadian history, in collaboration with other environmental groups such as
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in Canada to prevent logging on Meares Island. The logging company held the rights to clear cut 90% of the island at this time. As a result, Meares Island was declared a Tribal Park by Tla-o-qui-aht First Nations and the island remains unlogged to this day .
99:. Over 12,000 people attended the "Clayoquot Summer" blockade, and 856 were arrested and charged. A Peace Camp in the "Black Hole" clear-cut, and daily blockades and arrests on a logging road near
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opposes the environmentally dangerous practice of open net-pen fish farming and advocates turning aquaculture into a sustainable practice by farming fish in closed containment systems on land.
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Sierra Legal Defence Fund (1997) "Containing disaster: global lessons on salmon aquaculture." Prepared for Greenpeace, Friends of Clayoquot Sound and the David Suzuki Foundation, Vancouver.
103:(Kennedy River Bridge) took place during the so-called "war in the woods". The blockade brought Clayoquot Sound and the issue of temperate rainforest destruction to world attention.
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perspective, Friends of Clayoquot Sound advocates for a bottom-to-top change of social and economic patterns, and promotes sustainable living, locally and globally.
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Friends of Clayoquot Sound (FOCS) was established in Tofino in 1979, focusing on the logging activity on nearby
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There are currently two mining projects at exploration stage in Clayoquot Sound: an open-pit copper mine on
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local communities to stop these projects and to have Clayoquot Sound legislated as a mine-free area.
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Clayoquot Sound's area is composed of First Nations’ traditional territories that belong to the
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Our attitude is one of openness, friendliness and respect toward all beings we encounter.
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Friends of Clayoquot Sound then led blockades in 1988 and 1992, respectively, stopping an
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A Political Space: Reading the Local through Clayoquot Sound, Montreal and Kingston
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We will not damage any property and will discourage others from doing so.
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385:"Nightmare in New Brunswick: A Salmon Farming Disease Lesson for BC."
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372:"Proceedings of the Standing Committee on Fisheries and Oceans."
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We will use no violence, verbal or physical, toward any being.
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Friends of Clayoquot Sound's Peaceful Direct Action Code:
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Friends of Clayoquot Sound, "Peaceful Direct Action" tab,
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Clayoquot Sound fish farm approval sparks lawsuit threat
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Environmental organizations based in British Columbia
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We will strive for an atmosphere of calm and dignity.
350:Overview of logging in Clayoquot Sound: 2000-2009
324:Friends of Clayoquot Sound, "First Nations" tab,
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352:, for the Clayoquot Biosphere Trust, April 2010.
303:, Gabriola Island: New Society Publishers, 1994.
23:non-profit environmental organization, based in
301:Clayoquot Mass Trials: Defending the Rainforest
195:The Friends of Clayoquot Sound, along with
163:We will not bring or use alcohol or drugs."
383:Friends of Clayoquot Sound (April, 1998).
370:Parliament of Canada (February 22, 2000).
278:, McGill-Queen's University Press, 2003.
255:Friends of Clayoquot Sound, "About us",
287:See Meares island Tribal Park website,
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396:Lavoie, Judith, (October 18, 2012).
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420:Clayoquot Sound region
374:Retrieved: 2013-08-06.
348:Maryjka Mychajlowycz,
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