Door - Knowledge

677: 831: 877: 964: 1132: 1075: 1327: 1231: 1197: 987: 919: 1154: 1010: 1113: 1349: 1250: 1212: 854: 811: 1269: 3024:...It is essential that children's fingers be protected from being crushed or otherwise injured in the hinge space of a swinging door or gate. There are simple devices available to attach to the hinge side, ensuring that this type of injury does not occur. As the door closes, the hand is pushed out of the opening, away from harm. In addition, young children are vulnerable to injury when they fall against the other (hinged) side of doors and gates, striking projected hinges. Piano hinges are not recommended to alleviate this problem as they tend to sag over time with heavy use. Instead, an inexpensive device fitting over hinges is available on the market and should be used to ensure safety... 1368: 2949: 1029: 1177: 2742:

common panel height of 1985 mm (normativ height 2010 mm) at panel widths of 610 mm, 735 mm, 860 mm, 985 mm, 1110 mm, plus a larger door panel size of 1110 mm x 2110 mm. The newer DIN 18101/2014 drops the definition of just five standard door sizes in favor of a basic raster running along 125 mm increments where the height and width are independent. Panel width may be in the range 485 mm to 1360 mmm, and the height may be in the range of 1610 mm to 2735 mm. The most common interior door is 860 mm × 1,985 mm (33.9 in × 78.1 in).

1285: 1304: 1098: 1388: 895: 2933: 2005: 374: 942: 2481:– including solid wood doors – are a top choice for many homeowners, largely because of the aesthetic qualities of wood. Many wood doors are custom-made, but they have several downsides: their price, their maintenance requirements (regular painting and staining) and their limited insulating value (R-5 to R-6, not including the effects of the glass elements of the doors). Wood doors often have an overhang requirement to maintain a warranty. An overhang is a roof, porch area or awning that helps to protect the door and its finish from 1404: 2913: 1056: 563: 2882: 2639: 2456: 5126: 1941: 2147: 4042: 2155: 54: 2346:(or with some master carpenters), the manufacture or installer bevels the leading edge (the first edge to meet the jamb as the door closes) so that the door fits tight without binding. Specifying an incorrect hand or swing can make the door bind, not close properly, or leak. Fixing this error is expensive or time-consuming. In North America, many doors now come with factory-installed hinges, pre-hung on the jamb and sills. 151: 4080: 2163: 1644:, but may also be used as units between rooms. Bi-fold doors are essentially now doors that let the outside in. They open in concert; where the panels fold up against one another and are pushed together when opened. The main door panel (often known as the traffic door) is accompanied by a stack of panels that fold very neatly against one another when opened fully, which almost look like room dividers. 358: 2751: 2545: 1689: 2192:– Horizontal boards at the top, bottom, and optionally in the middle of a door that join the two stiles and split the door into two or more rows of panels. The "top rail" and "bottom rail" are named for their positions. The bottom rail is also known as "kick rail". A middle rail at the height of the bolt is known as the "lock rail", other middle rails are commonly known as "cross rails". 2139: 452: 645:(1425–1452), are of great beauty. In the north door (1402–1424), Ghiberti adopted the same scheme of design for the paneling and figure subjects as Andrea Pisano, but in the east door, the rectangular panels are all filled, with bas-reliefs that illustrate Scripture subjects and innumerable figures. These may the gates of Paradise of which 830: 1604:, its construction involved pressing and steaming wood chips into boards. Flush doors are most commonly employed in the interior of a dwelling, although slightly more substantial versions are occasionally used as exterior doors, especially within hotels and other buildings containing many independent dwellings. 2733:

Standard DIN doors are defined in DIN 18101 (published 1955–07, 1985–01, 2014–08). Door sizes are also given in the construction standard for wooden door panels (DIN 68706–1). The DIN commission created the harmonized European standard DIN EN 14351-1 for exterior doors and DIN EN 14351-2 for interior

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Garage doors are generally 84" (7 feet; 2134 mm) or 96" (8 feet; 2438 mm) wide for a single-car opening. Two car garage doors (sometimes called double car doors) are a single door 192" (16 feet; 4877 mm). Because of size and weight these doors are usually sectional. That

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A standard US residential (exterior) door size is 36 in × 80 in (910 mm × 2,030 mm). Interior doors for wheelchair access must also have a minimum width of 36 in (910 mm). Residential interior doors, as well as the doors of many small stores, offices, and other

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cathedrals, by Bonano of Pisa. In all these cases the hanging stile had pivots at the top and bottom. The exact period when the builder moved to the hinge is unknown, but the change apparently brought about another method of strengthening and decorating doors—wrought-iron bands of various designs. As

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tombs, which show them as single or double doors, each of a single piece of wood. People may have believed these were doors to the afterlife, and some include designs of the afterlife. In Egypt, where the climate is intensely dry, doors were not framed against warping, but in other countries required

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The door may be able to move in various ways (at angles away from the doorway/portal, by sliding on a plane parallel to the frame, by folding in angles on a parallel plane, or by spinning along an axis at the center of the frame) to allow or prevent ingress or egress. In most cases, a door's interior

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Door guards (hinge guards, anti-finger trapping devices, or finger guards) help prevent finger trapping accidents, as doors pose a risk to children, especially when closing. Door guards protect fingers in door hinges by covering the hinge-side gap of an open door, typically with a piece of rubber or

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While facing the door from the outside or less secure side, if the hinge is on the right side of the door, the door is "right handed"; or if the hinge is on the left, it is "left handed". If the door swings toward you, it is "reverse swing"; or if the door swings away from you, it is "normal swing".

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periods, and sometimes with architectural features such as columns and entablatures with pediment and niches, the doorway being in plain masonry. While in Italy the tendency was to give scale by increasing the number of panels, in France the contrary seems to have been the rule; and one of the great

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in Syria where timber is scarce, the doors were made of stone, and one measuring 1.63 by 0.79 m (64 by 31 in) is in the British Museum; the band on the meeting stile shows that it was one of the leaves of a double door. At Kuffeir near Bostra in Syria, Burckhardt found stone doors, 2.74 to

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The DIN 18101 standard has a normative size (Nennmaß) slightly larger than the panel size (Türblatt) as the standard derives the panel sizes from the normative size being different single door vs double door and molded vs unmolded doors. DIN 18101/1985 defines interior single molded doors to have a

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Standard door sizes in the US run along 2" increments. Customary sizes have a height of 78 or 80 in (2,000 or 2,000 mm) and a width of 18, 24, 26, 28, 30 or 36 in (460, 610, 660, 710, 760 or 910 mm). Most residential passage (room to room)

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or other types of warnings on the glass surface make it more visible and help prevent injury. In the UK, Regulation 14 of the Workplace (Health and Safety Regulations) 1992 requires that builders mark windows and glass doors to make them conspicuous. Australian Standards: AS1288 and AS2208 require

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flap, or it may be an actual door hinged on the top that the pet can push through. Pet doors may be mounted in a sliding glass door as a new (permanent or temporary) panel. Pet doors may be unidirectional, only allowing pets to exit. Additionally, pet doors may be electronic, only allowing animals

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Sliding glass doors are common in many houses, particularly as an entrance to the backyard. Such doors are also popular for use for the entrances to commercial structures, although they are not counted as fire exit doors. The door that moves is called the "active leaf", while the door that remains

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High-speed doors are made to handle a high number of openings, generally more than 200,000 a year. They must be built with heavy-duty parts and counterbalance systems for speed enhancement and emergency opening function. The door curtain was originally made of PVC, but was later also developed in

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is a door unit that has two or more sections. The doors can slide in either direction along one axis on parallel overhead tracks, sliding past each other. They are most commonly used in closets to provide access one side of the closet at a time. Doors in a bypass unit overlap slightly when viewed

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Doors can be hinged so that the axis of rotation is not in the plane of the door to reduce the space required on the side to which the door opens. This requires a mechanism so that the axis of rotation is on the side other than that in which the door opens. This is sometimes the case in trains or

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Ledges and braces – Ledges extend horizontally across the door which the boards are affixed to. The ledges hold the planks together. When diagonally they are called braces which prevent the door from skewing. On some doors, especially antique ones, the ledges are replaced with iron bars that are

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In addition to activation sensors, automatically opening doors are generally fitted with safety sensors. These are usually an infrared curtain or beam, but can be a pressure mat fitted on the swing side of the door. The safety sensor prevents the door from colliding with an object by stopping or

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are derived from the French design called the casement door. It is a door with lites where all or some panels would be in a casement door. A French door traditionally has a moulded panel at the bottom of the door. It is called a French window when used in a pair as double-leaved doors with large

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doors, usually consisting of a transparent material on a stainless steel frame, are used in pharmaceutical industries to allow passage between work areas while admitting minimal contaminants. The powerful high-speed doors have a smooth surface structure and no protruding edges, allowing minimal

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decoration of figures. The wood doors would seem to have been about 7.62 cm (3.00 in) thick, but the hanging stile was over 360 millimetres (14 in) diameter. Other sheathings of various sizes in bronze show this was a universal method adopted to protect the wood pivots. In the

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In North America, the Door and Access Systems Manufacturing Association (DASMA) defines high-performance doors as non-residential powered doors characterized by rolling, folding, sliding or swinging action, that are either high-cycle (minimum 100 cycles/day) or high-speed (minimum 20 inches

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Impact-resistant doors have rounded stile edges to dissipate energy and minimize edge chipping, scratching and denting. The formed edges are often made of an engineered material. Impact-resistant doors excel in high traffic areas such as hospitals, schools, hotels and coastal areas.

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or stable door consists of two halves. The top half operates independently from the bottom half. A variant exists in which opening the top part separately is possible, but because the lower part has a lip on the inside, closing the top part, while leaving the lower part open, is

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Panels – Large, wider boards used to fill the space between the stiles, rails, and mullions. The panels typically fit into grooves in the other pieces, and help to keep the door rigid. Panels may be flat, or in raised panel designs. Can be glued in or stay as a floating

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has several wings or leaves, generally four, radiating from a central shaft, forming compartments that rotate about a vertical axis. A revolving door allows people to pass in both directions without colliding, and forms an airlock maintaining a seal between inside and

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by which people outside announce their presence. Apart from providing access into and out of a space, doors may have the secondary functions of ensuring privacy by preventing unwanted attention from outsiders, of separating areas with different functions, of allowing

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There are various levels of door protection. Anti-finger trapping devices in front may leave the rear hinge pin side of doors unprotected. Full door protection uses front and rear anti-finger trapping devices and ensures the hinge side of a door is fully isolated. A

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resembles a French window (with lites), but is more secure because only one door is operable. The hinge of the operating door is next to the adjacent fixed door and the latch is located at the wall opening jamb rather than between the two doors or with the use of an

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bolt may let the head and foot of each door be secured in one movement. The slender window joinery maximizes light into the room and minimizes the visual impact of the doorway joinery when considered externally. The doors of a French window often open outward onto a

2397:. If the hinges are on the left, it is a DIN Left door (DIN links, DIN gauche), if the hinges are on the right, it is a DIN Right door (DIN rechts, DIN droite). The DIN Right and DIN Left marking are also used to categorize matching installation material such as 2186:– Vertical boards that run the full height of a door and compose its right and left edges. The hinges are mounted to the fixed side (known as the "hanging stile"), and the handle, lock, bolt or latch are mounted on the swinging side (known as the "latch stile"). 1859:(508 mm)/second), and two out of three of the following: made-to-order for exact size and custom features, able to withstand equipment impact (break-away if accidentally hit by vehicle), or able to sustain heavy use with minimal maintenance. 2624:

Door weatherstripping is particularly important for energy efficiency. German-made passive house doors use multiple weatherstrips, including magnetic strips, to meet higher standards. These weatherstrips reduce energy losses due to air leakage.

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Today, the exterior doors of most large (especially public) buildings open outward, while interior doors such as doors to individual rooms, offices, suites, etc. open inward, as do many exterior doors of houses, particularly in North America.

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is a single leaf door that can be solid or with glass, and is usually filled with high density foam. In the United Kingdom, composite doors are commonly certified to BS PAS 23/24 and be compliant with Secured by Design, an official UK police

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with sufficient velocity to eject unsecured occupants, cargo, and other items, and drastic pressure differences between compartments may cause aircraft floors or other interior partitions to fail. These concerns are typically mitigated with

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or convection door is an internal floor-to-ceiling (full height) door, consisting of a standard door leaf and an upper leaf in place of the usual header wall. The leaves may or may not be separated by a transom. The doors enable effective

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is split into four or five horizontal sections so that they can be raised more easily and do not require a lot of additional space above the door when opening and closing. Single piece double garage doors are common in some older homes.

2198:– Smaller optional vertical boards that run between two rails, and split the door into two or more columns of panels, the term is used sometimes for verticals in doors, but more often (UK and Australia) it refers to verticals in windows. 656:

were of two kinds: those externally cased with sheets of bronze or iron, cut in decorative patterns, and incised or inlaid, with bosses in relief; and those of wood-framed with interlaced square and diamond designs. The latter design is

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The types of accidents vary from relatively minor cases where doors cause damage to other objects, such as walls, to serious cases resulting in human injury, particularly to fingers, hands, and feet. A closing door can exert up to 40

1153: 1822:, instead of hinges, is supported on a bearing some distance away from the edge, so that there is more or less of a gap on the pivot side as well as the opening side. In some cases the pivot is central, creating two equal openings. 963: 3119:

pose the risk of unintentional collision if a person is unaware there is a door, or thinks it is open when it is not. This risk is greater with sliding glass doors because they often have large single panes that are hard to see.

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are three magnificently carved doors; those by Jean Goujon have figures in niches on each side, and others in a group of great beauty in the center. The other doors, probably about forty to fifty years later, are enriched with

2339:, or handing, are determined while standing on the outside or less secure side of the door while facing the door (i.e., standing on the side requiring a key to open, going from outside to inside, or from public to private). 696:

In the Renaissance period, Italian doors are quite simple, their architects trusting more to the doorways for effect; but in France and Germany the contrary is the case, the doors being elaborately carved, especially in the

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Inward-hinged doors can also escalate an accident by preventing people from escaping the building: people inside the building may press against the doors, and thus prevent the doors from opening. Related accidents include:

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rule" applies, and a refrigerator door is not opened from the inside. If the hinges are on the right then it is a right hand (or right hung) door. (Australian Standards for Installation of Timber Doorsets, AS 1909–1984 pg

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is a pedestrian door built into a much larger door allowing access without requiring the opening of the larger door. Examples might be found on the ceremonial door of a cathedral or in a large vehicle door in a garage or

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insulation core – a critical factor in a building's overall comfort and efficiency. Steel doors mostly in default comes along with frame and lock system, which is a high cost efficiency factor compared to wooden doors.

1131: 434:). These doors or gates were hung in two leaves, each about 2.54 m (100 in) wide and 8.2 m (27 ft) high; they were encased with bronze bands or strips, 25.4 cm (10.0 in) high, covered with 3214:, which open inward. They are secured into their door frames by the difference in air pressure. Most cabin doors and emergency exits are of this type, but cargo doors typically open outward to maximise interior space. 2301:

Stave-core – Consists of wooden slats stacked upon one another in a manner similar to a board & batten door (though the slats are usually thinner) or the wooden-block hollow-core (except that the space is entirely

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fixed over a light timber frame, the hollow parts of which are often filled with a cardboard core material. Skins can also be made out of hardboards, the first of which was invented by William H Mason in 1924. Called

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a rule, three bands with ornamental work constitute the hinges, with rings outside the hanging stiles that fit on vertical tenons set into the masonry or wooden frame. There is an early example of the 12th century in

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which favors doors which open inward to rooms (from the perspective of a common area such as a corridor, the door opens outward). In cases where this is infeasible, it may be possible to avoid an accident by placing

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often called board and batten doors are made from multiple vertical boards fixed together by two or more horizontal timbers called ledges (or battens) and sometimes kept square by additional diagonal timbers called

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are a pair of plywood swinging doors often found in Australian public houses. These doors are generally red or brown in color and bear a resemblance to the more formal doors found in other British Colonies' public

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is a very fast door some with opening speeds of up to 4 m/s, mainly used in the industrial sector where the speed of a door has an effect on production logistics, temperature and pressure control. High-speed

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Buildings often have special purpose doors that automatically close to prevent the spread of fire and smoke. Fire doors that are improperly installed or tampered with can increase risk during a fire. Sometimes,

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consists of a frame around one or more transparent or translucent panels (called lights or lites) that may be installed singly, in matching pairs, or even as series. A matching pair of these doors is called a

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are simple devices that prevent a door from contacting and possibly damaging another object (typically a wall). They may either absorb the force of a moving door, or hold the door against unintended motion.

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Standing outside the house (or on the less secure side), the hinges are on the left, knob on right, on opening the door it swings toward you (i.e. the door swings open toward the outside, or "outswing")

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Door furniture or hardware refers to any of the items that are attached to a door or a drawer to enhance its functionality or appearance. This includes items such as hinges, handles, door stops, etc.

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Standing outside the house (i.e. on the less secure side), the hinges are on the right, knob on left, opening the door by pulling the door toward you (i.e. open swings to the outside, or "outswing")

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small spaces such as closets, dressing rooms, half-baths, storage rooms, cellars, etc. often are accessed through doors smaller than passage doors in one or both dimensions but similar in design.

853: 1523:(as do some casement window pairs), thus allowing a wider unobstructed opening. The frame typically requires a weather strip at floor level and where the doors meet to prevent water ingress. An 1249: 1211: 1028: 1981:

or roller door is an up-and-over door made of narrow horizontal slats that rolls up and down by sliding along vertical tracks; it is typically found in entertainment centres and cabinets.

1074: 2874:(also called door mat) – a mat placed typically in front of or behind a door of a home. This practice originated so that mud and dirt would be less prevalent on floors inside a building. 1735:, patented in 1880 by the Dutch-American engineer Lorenz Bommer, swings both ways. They are often used in areas where many people are likely to pass through, such as restaurant kitchens. 3913: 3372: 1561:

in 1929 by Gwendolyn and Powel Crosley, that provided the desired circulation of air with an added degree of privacy in that it is impossible to see through the fins in any direction.

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light commercial buildings, are often somewhat smaller than the doors of larger commercial buildings, public buildings, and grand homes. Older buildings often have smaller doors.

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In public buildings, exterior doors open to the outside to comply with applicable fire codes. In a fire, a door that opens inward could cause a crush of people who cannot open it.

1303: 2932: 1545:) which permit open ventilation while preserving privacy and preventing the passage of light to the interior. Being relatively weak structures, they are most commonly used for 2989:. Such accidents take place in various forms, and in a number of locations; ranging from car doors to garage doors. Accidents vary in severity and frequency. According to the 1705:

along one side to allow the door to pivot away from the doorway in one direction, but not the other. The axis of rotation is usually vertical. In some cases, such as hinged

1230: 1141: 918: 1991:) on the vertical edge(s) where they meet. Fire-rating can be achieved with an applied edge-guard or astragal molding on the meeting stile, in accordance with the American 1795:. This type of door is used in tight spaces where privacy is also required. The door slab is mounted to roller and a track at the top of the door and slides inside a wall. 1675:, this was a common element in a tomb, the false door representing a gate to the afterlife. They can also be found in the funerary architecture of the desert tribes (e.g., 1268: 986: 2342:

It is important to get the hand and swing correct on exterior doors, as the transom is usually sloped and sealed to resist water entry, and properly drain. In some custom

552:. The bronze doors on the Aachen Cathedral in Germany date back to about 800 AD. Bronze baptistery doors at the Cathedral of Florence were completed in 1423 by Ghiberti. 2881: 1196: 894: 318:, is known as the hanging stile, the other as the middle or meeting stile. The horizontal cross pieces are the top rail, bottom rail, and middle or intermediate rails. 3956: 2251:

This type consists of a solid timber frame, filled on one face, face with tongue and groove boards. Quite often used externally with the boards on the weather face.

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used to completely fill the space within the door. Solid-core flush doors (especially foam-core ones) are commonly used as exterior doors because they provide more

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A jib door is a concealed door, whose surface reflects the moldings and finishes of the wall. These were used in historic English houses, mainly as servants' doors.

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is a unit that has several sections, folding in pairs. Wood is the most common material, and doors may also be metal or glass. Bifolds are most commonly made for

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Lock block – A solid block of wood mounted within a hollow-core flush door near the bolt to provide a solid and stable location for mounting the door's hardware.

2293:, extruded polystyrene foam, or thin wooden slats. Can also be built with staggered wooden blocks. Hollow-core molded doors are commonly used as interior doors. 1176: 3927: 494:, in Rome, are important examples of Roman metal work of the best period; they are in two leaves, each with two panels, and are framed in bronze. Those of the 3991: 740:

is in some respects the finest in France; the upper panels are carved in high relief with figure subjects and canopies over them. The doors of the church at

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has the same structure as that of flush door. The only difference is that the surface material is a moulded skin made of MDF. Skins can also be made out of

3789: 3831: 2125:, is a door leading from a building built on the water, such as a canal, to the water itself where, for example, one may enter or exit a private boat or 1367: 3853: 498:

are similar in design, with narrow horizontal panels in addition, at the top, bottom and middle. Two other bronze doors of the Roman period are in the

1348: 3183:: collision with an abruptly opened vehicle door. Because cyclists often ride near parked cars alongside the road, they are particularly vulnerable. 1284: 2563: 2363:

Standing outside (or on the less secure side, or on the public side of the door), the hinges are on the left and the door opens in (away from you).

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are powered open and closed either by electricity, spring, or both. There are several methods by which an automatically opening door is activated:

517:(r. 604–618), who had one installed for his royal library. Gates powered by water featured in illustrations of the automatons of the Arab inventor 2401:(referenced in DIN 107). The European Standard DIN EN 12519 "Windows and pedestrian doors. Terminology" includes these definitions of orientation. 1847:

aluminium and acrylic glass sections. High-speed refrigeration and cold-room doors with excellent insulation values have also been introduced for

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Architectural doors have numerous general and specialized uses. Doors are generally used to separate interior spaces (closets, rooms, etc.) for

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are a pair of lightweight swing doors often found in public bars, and especially associated with the American west. Saloon doors, also known as

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plastic that wraps from the door frame to the door. Other door safety products eject the fingers from the push side of the door as it closes.

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at their center, but their overall energy efficiency is reduced because of the presence of glass and reinforcing elements, or because of poor

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There is also handle-side door protection, which prevents the door from slamming shut on the frame, which can cause injury to fingers/hands.

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has no visible trim or operable components. It blends with the adjacent wall in all finishes, to appear as part of the wall—a disguised door.

1097: 732:, and in the upper panels a double range of niches with figures about 2 ft (0.61 m). high with canopies over them, all carved in 941: 3528: 2912: 2084:

or dog door) is an opening in a door to allow pets to enter and exit without the main door's being opened. It may be simply covered by a

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and drying rooms, where security is of less importance than good ventilation, although a very similar structure is commonly used to form

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at the Kennedy Space Center contains the four largest doors. The Vehicle Assembly Building was originally built for the assembly of the

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standard applies: DIN 107 "Building construction; identification of right and left side" (first 1922–05, current 1974–04) defines that

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construction. EN 12519 is describing the terms which are officially used in European Member States. The main parts are listed below:

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Penbegul, Necmettin; Atar, Murat; Kendirci, Muammer; Bozkurt, Yasar; Hatipoglu, Namık Kemal; Verit, Ayhan; Kadıoglu, Ates (2014).

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or legs – The vertical posts that form the sides of a door frame, where the hinges are mounted, and with which the bolt interacts.

3233: 4054: 3162:, which open the door in response to anyone pressing against the bar from the inside in the event of a fire or other emergency. 2850:– a thin slat built inside the frame to prevent a door from swinging through when closed, an act which might break the hinges. 1456:

or other animal while the bottom half remains closed to keep the animal inside. This style of door has been adapted for homes.

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or otherwise movable barrier that allows ingress (entry) into and egress (exit) from an enclosure. The created opening in the

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Whenever a door is opened outward, there is a risk that it could strike another person. In many cases this can be avoided by

2060:. This term is often used specifically for French windows, double French doors (with lites instead of panels), in place of a 1427:, which consists of a single rigid panel that fills the doorway. There are many variations on this basic design, such as the 1259: 637:, which are all in bronze—including the door frames. The modeling of the figures, birds and foliage of the south doorway, by 634: 2221:

Planks – Boards wider than 9" that extend the full height of the door, and are placed side by side filling the door's width.

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has special single-action hinges that allow it to open either outward or inward, and is usually sprung to keep it closed.

2844:(for exterior doors) – A horizontal plate below the door that bridges the crack between the interior floor and the sill. 1584:

to withstand attack. These may also be fitted with wooden outer panels to resemble standard internal and external doors.

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The act of pushing or pulling the door triggers the open and close cycle. These are also known as power-assisted doors.

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vehicles and was then used to support Space Shuttle operations. Each of the four doors are 139 meters (456 feet) high.

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or beam which shines invisible light onto sensors; if someone or something blocks the beam the door is triggered open.

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Also known as ledges and braced, board and batten doors are an older design consisting primarily of vertical slats:

118: 3850:"Why do the entry doors to most homes open inward, while in most public buildings, the entry doors open outward?" 3017: 2460: 2369:

Standing outside (or on the less secure side), the hinges are on the right and the door opens in (away from you).

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cabin or cargo hold could pose risk if they open during flight, causing decompression. Air may rush out of the

1519:. When a pair of French doors is used as a French window, the application does not generally include a central 75: 3835: 1932:

slowing its motion. A mechanism in modern automatic doors ensures that the door can open in a power failure.

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is constructed to allow access to a structure as well as to provide protection from the force of explosions.

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of a temple with double doors, each leaf with five panels. Among existing examples, the bronze doors in the

97: 5023: 3682: 2343: 867: 548:(9th century), of similar manufacture, were probably brought from Constantinople, as also some of those in 499: 265:

to a door can signify a change in status from outsider to insider. Doors and doorways frequently appear in

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Core material: Material within the door used simply to fill space, provide rigidity and reduce druminess.

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Vehicle doors present an increased risk of trapping hands or fingers due to the proximity of occupants.

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flow of heat). This is far less than the R-40 walls or the R-50 ceilings of super-insulated buildings –

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It is often useful to have doors which slide along tracks, often for space or aesthetic considerations.

744:(1575) are carved with figures in niches subdivided by classic pilasters superimposed. In St. Maclou at 3239: 3192: 2955: 1183: 1019: 951: 905: 859: 840: 836: 821: 231: 1924:

is operated manually, perhaps after security checks. This can be a push button switch or a swipe card.

577:

Of the 11th and 12th centuries there are numerous examples of bronze doors, the earliest being one at

349:

were used. Two doors over 5,000 years old have been found by archaeologists near Zürich, Switzerland.

104: 4696: 3429: 3258: 2464: 2323: 1596: 1387: 1336: 1137: 760: 4007:

Johnson, Marilyn (2013). "Cyclists and open vehicle doors: Crash characteristics and risk factors".

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The most ancient doors were made of timber, such as those referred to in the Biblical depiction of

3757:

The Elements of a Home: Curious Histories behind Everyday Household Objects, from Pillows to Forks

2774:

at the bottom. When a door has more than one movable section, one of the sections may be called a

2032:

reasons. Doors are also used to secure passages into a building from the exterior, for reasons of

669:, are fine examples in good preservation. A somewhat similar decorative class of door is found in 198:. Doors are generally made of a material suited to the door's task. They are commonly attached by 5156: 4419: 2990: 1290: 1144: 969: 798: 544:, of the eighth and ninth century, are wrought in bronze, and the west doors of the cathedral of 307: 86: 64: 5040: 4084: 3056: 2904: 1728:

glass panels in each door leaf, and in which the doors may swing out (typically) as well as in.

924: 555: 529: 214: 3755: 3517: 3013:. Thus organisations may be at risk when car doors or doors within buildings are unprotected. 4976: 4780: 4755: 4321: 4215: 3337: 1672: 549: 71: 39: 3391: 1034: 710:, which is in two leaves, is entirely carried out as if consisting of one great panel only. 5045: 4821: 4551: 4404: 3202: 3062: 3034: 3009:. Because of the number of accidents taking place, there has been a surge in the number of 2857: 2614: 2607: 2595: 2290: 1084: 1015: 947: 901: 783: 729: 310:

set in grooves in the stiles and rails. The stiles were the vertical boards, one of which,

3981:

Home Safety Guidelines for Architects & Builders, NBS GCR 78-156, BOSTI, December 1978

3452:"Primitive robotic procedures: Automotions for medical liquids in 12th century Asia minor" 2939: 1657:

that slides open and sometimes has a screen (a removable metal mesh that covers the door).

1374: 1240: 8: 5018: 4826: 3285: 3068: 2508: 1452:

is divided in half horizontally. Traditionally the top half opens so a worker can feed a

1392: 1332: 996: 992: 885: 882: 726: 698: 627: 514: 506: 451: 322: 3716: 3496: 2208:

Light – a piece of glass used in place of a panel, essentially giving the door a window.

4951: 4806: 4664: 4465: 4105: 3217:

A number of aircraft accidents have involved outward-opening door failures, including:

2923: 2610:. Typical doors are not thick enough to provide very high levels of energy efficiency. 2599: 2504: 2472: 2314: 2061: 1911:

A remote sensor (e.g. based on infrared or radio waves) can be triggered by a portable

1649: 1294: 737: 702: 513:. The first foot-sensor-activated automatic door was made in China during the reign of 2712:

Most pre-fabricated doors are 1 3/8" thick (for interior doors) or 1 3/4" (exterior).

782:

or projecting moldings, sometimes richly carved, around them; in the 18th century the

630:

at Paris is a beautiful example, but many others exist throughout France and England.

4843: 4750: 4556: 3761: 3473: 3433: 3301: 3151:

personnel coming to fight the fire and rescue occupants, etc. Fire fighters must use

3148: 2758:

When framed in wood for snug fitting of a door, the doorway consists of two vertical

2286: 2259:

Flushing of a door means the door is flush with the face of the wall on either side.

2004: 928: 778:

and dates from 1050. In England in the 17th century the door panels were raised with

775: 623: 311: 183: 2428:

New exterior doors are largely defined by the type of materials they are made from:

1403: 509:

created the earliest known automatic door in the first century AD during the era of

482:, in the last case the leaves were hinged and folded back. In the tomb of Theron at 444:

3.048 m (8.99 to 10.00 ft) high, being the entrance doors of the town. In

5096: 4868: 4583: 4336: 4018: 3463: 3332: 3050: 2900: 2841: 2801:– A horizontal beam above a door that supports the wall above it. (Also known as a 2618: 689: 642: 598: 586: 570: 486:

there is a single four-panel door carved in stone. In the Blundell collection is a

462:, from the first century AD, similar with Neoclassical doors from the 19th century 111: 4838: 4579: 4546: 4532: 4446: 4346: 4227: 3290: 3102: 2468: 2272: 2189: 2176: 1987:, a term chiefly used in Britain, are double doors with a lip or overlap (i.e. a 1884: 1833: 1516: 1477: 1167: 1118: 1038: 791: 722: 610: 585:

in Poland. Of others in South Italy and Sicily, the following are the finest: in

301: 1435:, which have two adjacent independent panels hinged on each side of the doorway. 1354: 373: 5151: 5130: 4988: 4848: 4669: 4537: 4485: 4451: 4439: 4434: 4305: 4300: 4022: 4009: 3875: 3279: 3152: 2969: 2888: 2779: 2306: 2282: 1965: 1961: 1957: 1912: 1868: 1810: 1550: 1460: 1236: 764: 725:(1503). In the lower panels there are figures 3 ft (0.91 m). high in 541: 536:(6th century) are covered with plates of bronze, cut out in patterns. Those of 495: 467: 431: 346: 4090: 2657: 2559: 1956:

doors are often used in garages. Instead of hinges, it has a mechanism, often

329:(I Kings vi. 31–35), which were carved and overlaid with gold. The doors that 5145: 4858: 4775: 4715: 4627: 4598: 4270: 4232: 4186: 4098: 4058: 4048: 3972:

USA General Services Administration Child Care Center Design Guide, June 1998

3274: 2993:

in the United States, around 300,000 door-related injuries occur every year.

2603: 2516: 2122: 1901: 1852: 1537: 1313: 718: 707: 638: 618: 582: 562: 290: 4067:. Vol. 8 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 419–420. 3552: 3468: 3451: 2491:

are another major type of residential front doors; most of them come with a

2201:

Muntin – Optional vertical members that divide the door into smaller panels.

1480:. Saloon doors that only extend from knee-level to chest-level are known as 1476:

that close the door regardless of which direction it opens by incorporating

1103: 5008: 4878: 4765: 4760: 4730: 4710: 4603: 4574: 4570: 4566: 4542: 4494: 4489: 4384: 4244: 3477: 3413:

Science and Civilization in China: Volume 4, Part 2, Mechanical Engineering

3327: 3322: 3295: 3171: 3116: 3039: 2896: 2791: 2702:

doors are 30 in × 80 in (760 mm × 2,030 mm).

2531:

benefit from the materials they are made from, from a thermal perspective.

2492: 2410: 2398: 1977: 1887:– e.g., a floor mat which reacts to the pressure of someone standing on it. 1880:

detects traffic is approaching. Sensors for automatic doors are generally:

1848: 1752: 1524: 1163: 795: 685: 646: 566: 537: 479: 475: 471: 455: 398:

at the top and bottom of the hanging stile, which worked in sockets in the

338: 333:

mentions appear to have been cased in silver or brass. Besides olive wood,

1532:, balcony, porch, or terrace and they may provide an entrance to a garden. 5101: 5086: 4898: 4735: 4651: 4642: 4622: 4593: 4527: 4198: 4191: 4176: 4161: 4156: 4146: 4133: 3141: 2835: 2783: 2523:(including steel doors with a thick core of polyurethane or other foam), 2512: 2482: 2455: 2275:– As above, but usually smaller. They form the outside edges of the door. 2017: 1791: 1706: 1628: 1309: 1159: 973: 863: 750: 714: 681: 510: 238:

so that interiors may be more effectively heated or cooled, of dampening

217:

mechanisms to ensure that only some people can open them (such as with a

435: 5111: 5081: 5013: 4903: 4816: 4785: 4770: 4720: 4689: 4356: 4341: 4171: 4151: 4141: 3996:. Illinois, USA: National Transportation Safety Board. 1972. p. 2. 3803: 3253: 2892: 2853: 2831: 2824: 2820: 2735: 2437: 2126: 2045: 2009: 1915:, or is installed inside a vehicle. These are popular for garage doors. 1766: 1577: 1444: 1088: 602: 578: 487: 483: 403: 380: 342: 334: 326: 266: 262: 250: 218: 2938:

Pair of door knobs in the Galerie dorée de la Banque de France of the

2734:

doors (published 2006–07, 2010–08), which define requirements for the

2146: 1940: 1162:

door with lock, late 19th or early 20th century, wood with iron, from

4918: 4863: 4801: 4705: 4607: 4517: 4460: 4399: 4372: 4331: 4203: 3644: 3358: 3306: 3268: 3263: 3211: 3159: 3134: 3125:

that glass doors be made of laminated, tempered, or toughened glass.

2861: 2661: 2395:

doors are categorized from the side where the door hinges can be seen

1992: 1839: 1581: 1221: 1042: 909: 779: 533: 518: 295: 235: 32: 2154: 1653:, sometimes called an Arcadia door or patio door, is a door made of 1467: 1065: 53: 5076: 5071: 5030: 4993: 4983: 4893: 4700: 4679: 4656: 4632: 4617: 4507: 4363: 4351: 4265: 4220: 3832:"Upgrade Your Home With Contemporary Flush Doors - Melissa Goodman" 3702: 3206: 3198: 3084: 3002: 2986: 2847: 2787: 2554:

provides insufficient context for those unfamiliar with the subject

2445: 2094: 2081: 2076: 2029: 1891: 1760: 1713:

airplanes, such as for the door to the toilet, which opens inward.

1612: 1601: 1546: 1529: 1187: 1000: 768: 673:, where the edges of the stiles and rails are beveled and notched. 614: 525: 419: 278: 274: 270: 222: 207: 202:, but can move by other means, such as slides or counterbalancing. 187: 179: 4047:

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the

2225:

often built into the hinges as extensions of the door-side plates.

4932: 4922: 4913: 4908: 4740: 4725: 4684: 4674: 4512: 4470: 4394: 4326: 4295: 4277: 4249: 4181: 3317: 3180: 3121: 3010: 2598:

close to 10 (the R-value measures how well a barrier resists the

2322:

Skin – The front and back faces of the door are covered with HDF/

2195: 2099: 2033: 2021: 1894: 1688: 1671:

is a wall decoration with the appearance of a window. In ancient

1592: 1558: 1520: 1080: 1046: 955: 844: 666: 662: 606: 594: 459: 445: 427: 411: 195: 3674: 2138: 581:, Germany (1015). The Hildesheim design affected the concept of 5055: 4927: 4612: 4588: 4561: 4522: 4456: 4414: 4377: 4367: 4290: 4283: 4239: 4166: 4079: 2798: 2107: 2085: 2057: 2025: 1988: 1921: 1877: 1641: 1542: 1412: 1358: 1317: 932: 741: 733: 670: 590: 545: 440: 415: 407: 399: 395: 258: 254: 2175:

Panel doors, also called stile and rail doors, are built with

2162: 1786:

from the front so they do not have a visible gap when closed.

4998: 4966: 4956: 4936: 4811: 4745: 4502: 4429: 4424: 4208: 4125: 3407: 3405: 3311: 3006: 2919: 2750: 2449: 2433: 2268: 2183: 2103: 1905: 1702: 1676: 1654: 1473: 1453: 787: 745: 653: 364: 357: 330: 315: 239: 227: 199: 163: 3147:

An additional fire risk is that doors may prevent access to

3105:

of the door determines the appropriate level of protection.

1964:, so it can lift and rest horizontally above the opening. A 474:

doors were either single doors, double doors, triple doors,

5106: 5091: 5050: 5003: 4971: 4941: 4888: 4409: 4389: 4121: 3493:"Find out how useful copper is to design and architecture!" 3449: 2808: 2496: 2441: 2429: 2310: 977: 756: 658: 423: 384: 243: 191: 167: 3402: 2834:

below the door that supports the door frame. Similar to a

2998: 2871: 1576:

is one which is made from strong steel, often for use on

150: 3806:'s books, and in some are important plot devices, as in 2738:

and provide standard sizes by examples in the appendix.

1541:

has fixed or movable wooden fins (often called slats or

1419:

There are many kinds of doors, with different purposes.

753:, landscapes, figures and elaborate interlaced borders. 3675:"Front Doors, Garage Doors Insights from The Door Zone" 289:

The earliest recorded doors appear in the paintings of

206:

matches its exterior side. But in other cases (e.g., a

178:. A door's essential and primary purpose is to provide 3928:"DIN 18101 Maßnorm für Türen grundlegend überarbeitet" 3426:

Science in Medieval Islam: An Illustrated Introduction

1709:, the axis may be horizontal, above the door opening. 609:(1179), by Barisano of Trani, who also made doors for 3731:"Patio Doors vs Garden Doors: What's The Difference?" 2754:

A diagram illustrating the components of a panel door

3782:"Doors in Venice: among water, art and architecture" 2150:

Joint between midrail, lockrail and a gunstock stile

3597:"What does 'certificated' to PAS 24 actually mean?" 3271:, a method for providing electric cabling to a door 78:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 3946:"Protecting Children's Fingers from Door Injuries" 2534: 2039:Doors also are applied in more specialized cases: 1789:Doors which slide inside a wall cavity are called 3379:on November 8, 2010 – via The Boston Globe. 2782:for a discussion of attachments to doors such as 1220:door of a mausoleum in the Forest Home Cemetery ( 839:door carved on the Hercules sarcophagus from the 298:(iv. 6.) was done with stiles (sea/si) and rails 5143: 633:In Italy, celebrated doors include those of the 230:to pass into and out of a space, of controlling 186:, it is a panel that fits into the doorway of a 4120: 3373:"Swiss archaeologists find 5,000-year-old door" 3357:See, for example the doorkeeping duties of the 3282:, a type of elaborate door (or window) surround 3155:techniques in these situations to gain access. 665:, which were made by Saracenic workmen for the 182:by controlling access to the doorway (portal). 2133: 2064:. The term also may refer to what is known as 221:). Doors may have devices such as knockers or 27:Movable barrier that allows ingress and egress 4106: 2646:The examples and perspective in this article 2098:is a door that is oriented horizontally in a 3144:mechanisms ensure fire doors remain closed. 1553:. Double louvred doors were introduced into 448:many stone doors are referred to by Dennis. 2594:But there are very few door models with an 774:The oldest door in England can be found in 626:. In France, the metalwork of the doors of 4113: 4099: 3456:Archivio Italiano di Urologia e Andrologia 3396:Swiss National Museum - Swiss history blog 31:"Doors" redirects here. For the band, see 3802:Water doors make frequent appearances in 3580: 3490:Architecture, European Copper Institute; 3467: 3390:Willigen, Samuel van (January 17, 2019). 2830:Sill (for exterior doors) – A horizontal 2827:– formed by the lintel and the two jambs. 2684:Learn how and when to remove this message 2582:Learn how and when to remove this message 1399:, 1425–1452, gilded bronze, height: 5.2 m 1278:Classicist door on Rue La Bruyère (Paris) 210:) the two sides are radically different. 138:Learn how and when to remove this message 3753: 3389: 3179:Bicyclists cycling on public roads risk 2864:if the door is arched. Sometimes called 2749: 2454: 2305:Solid-core – Can consist of low-density 2161: 2153: 2145: 2137: 2056:is any door that opens to a backyard or 2003: 1939: 1687: 1402: 1386: 675: 569:wall painting of an ornate door, in the 561: 450: 406:, the latter in some hard stone such as 149: 4006: 3585:. London: Thomas Kelly. pp. 97–98. 3370: 2459:A neoclassical wooden iron door in the 2089:with a special electronic tag to enter. 820:tomb door, circa 2150 –1981 BC, in the 524:Copper and its alloys were integral in 14: 5144: 4052: 3714: 3583:The New and Improved Practical Builder 3518:"Vehicle Assembly Building Fact Sheet" 2985:relates to prevention of door-related 2860:that outlines a door frame, called an 2621:and the way the door is manufactured. 2229: 1843:particle retention and easy cleaning. 1106:door on Rue Monsieur-le-Prince (Paris) 972:door of the Saint Nicholas' Church in 661:in origin. The doors of the palace at 430:were sheathed with bronze (now in the 4094: 4033: 3158:Doors in public buildings often have 2564:providing more context for the reader 1799:fixed is called the "inactive leaf". 1125:, on Rue des Francs-Bourgeois (Paris) 635:Battistero di San Giovanni (Florence) 3625:. Police Crime Prevention Initiative 3028: 2632: 2538: 2237: 1591:is a completely smooth door, having 1382: 1140:painted double-leaf door, 1790s, by 76:adding citations to reliable sources 47: 3553:"Abbey oak door 'Britain's oldest'" 3371:Jordans, Frank (October 20, 2010). 2963: 2887:Front door of a house with typical 2503:Most modern exterior walls provide 2463:, the former main residence of the 2166:A hollow door with one face removed 641:(1330), and of the east doorway by 24: 3298:, a tool for adjusting door hinges 2330: 2281:Hollow-core – Often consists of a 2212: 573:(Italy), from the first century AD 306:, the enclosed panels filled with 25: 5168: 4072: 3020:, discussing child care centres: 2423: 2246: 1692:The main types of door mechanisms 1341:National Museum of Art of Romania 1316:(France), with a big transparent 717:doors in France are those of the 294:framed doors—which, according to 5125: 5124: 4078: 4040: 3962:from the original on 2012-03-24. 3916:from the original on 2015-02-19. 3792:from the original on 2018-01-03. 3655:from the original on 30 May 2016 3607:from the original on 2014-01-25. 3359:Gentleman Usher of the Black Rod 2947: 2931: 2911: 2880: 2696: 2637: 2543: 2511:, which can be indicated by the 1515:, as it resembles a door-height 1366: 1347: 1325: 1302: 1283: 1267: 1260:Școala Centrală National College 1248: 1229: 1210: 1195: 1175: 1152: 1130: 1111: 1096: 1073: 1054: 1027: 1008: 985: 962: 940: 917: 893: 875: 852: 829: 809: 492:church of SS. Cosmas and Damiano 372: 356: 242:, and of blocking the spread of 52: 4053:Spiers, Richard Phené (1911). " 4000: 3984: 3975: 3966: 3938: 3920: 3910:"Türblattgrößen nach DIN 18101" 3902: 3893: 3882:from the original on 2015-03-04 3867: 3856:from the original on 2017-09-20 3842: 3824: 3796: 3774: 3754:Azzarito, Amy (17 March 2020). 3747: 3723: 3708: 3696: 3685:from the original on 2017-05-07 3667: 3637: 3611: 3589: 3574: 3563:from the original on 2006-06-20 3534:from the original on 2016-10-11 3018:General Services Administration 2535:Insulation and weatherstripping 2142:Parts of a panel or glazed door 1999: 1904:which uses low-power microwave 1205:door on Rue Malebranche (Paris) 528:architecture. The doors of the 418:, dating from 2000 BC, were in 281:import as a portent of change. 63:needs additional citations for 3715:Greene, Lori (June 27, 2016). 3545: 3510: 3484: 3443: 3418: 3383: 3364: 3351: 3234:1975 Tân Sơn Nhứt C-5 accident 3165: 1433:double door and French windows 13: 1: 3601:thecrimepreventionwebsite.com 2628: 1826: 1262:on Strada Icoanei (Bucharest) 805:Short visual history of doors 605:, two doors (1119 and 1124); 3873:Exterior Doors; Energy.gov; 3344: 1972:is one variant of this type. 1944:Sectional doors for industry 1862: 1423:The most common type is the 1123:Hôtel Mortier de Sandreville 868:Basilica of St. John Lateran 554:(For more information, see: 7: 3415:. Taipei: Caves Books, Ltd. 3246: 3228:Turkish Airlines Flight 981 3222:American Airlines Flight 96 3186: 2745: 2660:, discuss the issue on the 2262: 2254: 2234:As board and Batten doors. 2170: 2134:Construction and components 1869:Automatically opening doors 1802: 414:. Those Hilprecht found at 394:Ancient doors were hung by 379:A massive door socket from 10: 5173: 4023:10.1016/j.ssci.2013.04.010 3240:United Airlines Flight 811 3193:Uncontrolled decompression 3190: 3169: 3132: 2967: 2956:St Pancras railway station 2770:at the top, and perhaps a 1773: 1472:, often use bidirectional 1184:Gandantegchinlen Monastery 1182:A decorated door from the 906:The Old Museum of Wisteria 841:Kayseri Archaeology Museum 822:Metropolitan Museum of Art 680:Glass door decorated with 284: 29: 5120: 5064: 4877: 4794: 4641: 4484: 4314: 4258: 4132: 3581:Nicholson, Peter (1841). 3430:University of Texas Press 3424:Howard R. Turner (1997), 3411:Needham, Joseph. (1986). 3259:Closed-circuit television 3091: 2977: 2728: 2613:Many doors may have good 2465:Brazilian imperial family 2379:Right hand reverse (RHR): 1696: 1337:Royal Palace of Bucharest 761:Vehicle Assembly Building 4834:Multi-family residential 3899:options at homedepot.com 3645:"Henleys Security Doors" 3111: 3079: 3059:: Sunderland, UK in 1883 2373:Left hand reverse (LHR): 2121:, such as those used in 1935: 1683: 1409:Kunsthistorisches Museum 1312:metal and glass door in 888:teak wood and brass door 719:cathedral of St. Sauveur 652:Doors of the mosques in 261:purposes. Receiving the 4064:Encyclopædia Britannica 3993:Special Study: NTSB-HSS 3469:10.4081/aiua.2014.4.300 3128: 2991:National Safety Council 2954:Hinge of a door of the 2461:Palace of São Cristóvão 2367:Right hand hinge (RHH): 2158:A frame and filled door 2106:, often accessed via a 1970:sectional overhead door 1145:Cleveland Museum of Art 1020:Saint Basil's Cathedral 213:Many doors incorporate 3649:Henleys Security Doors 3057:Victoria Hall Disaster 3053:: Grue, Norway in 1822 3026: 2755: 2475: 2361:Left hand hinge (LHH): 2357:In the United States: 2167: 2159: 2151: 2143: 2013: 2008:Transparent awning in 1945: 1693: 1416: 1400: 1373:Wooden church door in 693: 574: 556:Copper in architecture 530:church of the Nativity 463: 155: 3735:www.uswindow-door.com 3717:"Double-Acting Doors" 3338:Platform screen doors 3191:Further information: 3071:: Boston, USA in 1942 3065:: Paisley, UK in 1929 3022: 2753: 2608:zero-energy buildings 2458: 2165: 2157: 2149: 2141: 2007: 1943: 1691: 1673:Egyptian architecture 1406: 1397:The Gates of Paradise 1390: 794:were carved with the 679: 565: 454: 323:King Solomon's temple 153: 40:Door (disambiguation) 4087:at Wikimedia Commons 3314:, Roman god of doors 3242:(1989) (design flaw) 3230:(1974) (design flaw) 3224:(1972) (design flaw) 3063:Glen Cinema disaster 3035:architectural design 3016:According to the US 2918:A door knocker with 2666:create a new article 2658:improve this article 2648:may not represent a 2291:corrugated cardboard 2036:control and safety. 1908:for the same effect. 1620:ledge and brace door 1085:Palace of Versailles 950:door decorated with 862:bronze doors of the 736:. The south door of 422:. The tenons of the 72:improve this article 38:For other uses, see 4280: / Guest room 3813:Death in High Water 3760:. Chronicle Books. 3286:Double margin doors 3069:Cocoanut Grove fire 3001:per square inch of 2560:improve the article 2519:standards. Premium 2450:glass (patio doors) 2230:Ledging and bracing 1574:steel security door 1393:Florence Baptistery 1333:Stripped Classicist 1045:, Romania), with a 997:St Magnus Cathedral 684:elements, from the 515:Emperor Yang of Sui 507:Heron of Alexandria 4756:Servants' quarters 4034:General references 3953:The Redwoods Group 3236:(poor maintenance) 3149:emergency services 2762:on either side, a 2756: 2505:thermal insulation 2476: 2473:Pedro II of Brazil 2389:One of the oldest 2168: 2160: 2152: 2144: 2062:sliding glass door 2014: 1946: 1733:double-acting door 1694: 1650:sliding glass door 1417: 1401: 1295:Cantacuzino Palace 952:geometric patterns 738:Beauvais Cathedral 694: 575: 505:The Greek scholar 464: 156: 5139: 5138: 4557:Janitorial closet 4291:Bedsit / Miniflat 4083:Media related to 3788:. 20 March 2016. 3786:See Venice, Italy 3767:978-1-4521-7902-5 3623:Secured by Design 3619:"Doors and Locks" 3392:"Close the door!" 3302:Identity document 3029:Opening direction 2940:Hôtel de Toulouse 2868:in North America. 2856:– The decorative 2694: 2693: 2686: 2668:, as appropriate. 2592: 2591: 2584: 2509:energy efficiency 2495:or other type of 2238:Impact resistance 2080:(also known as a 1383:Design and styles 1375:Born auf dem Darß 1241:Hôtel de Breteuil 929:Little Metropolis 904:folding doors in 816:Fragment from an 776:Westminster Abbey 550:St. Marks, Venice 458:folding doors at 148: 147: 140: 122: 16:(Redirected from 5164: 5128: 5127: 5097:Home improvement 4869:Studio apartment 4661:Kitchen-related 4337:Conversation pit 4124:and spaces of a 4115: 4108: 4101: 4092: 4091: 4082: 4068: 4046: 4044: 4043: 4027: 4026: 4004: 3998: 3997: 3988: 3982: 3979: 3973: 3970: 3964: 3963: 3961: 3950: 3942: 3936: 3935: 3930:. Archived from 3924: 3918: 3917: 3906: 3900: 3897: 3891: 3890: 3888: 3887: 3871: 3865: 3864: 3862: 3861: 3846: 3840: 3839: 3834:. Archived from 3828: 3822: 3800: 3794: 3793: 3778: 3772: 3771: 3751: 3745: 3744: 3742: 3741: 3727: 3721: 3720: 3712: 3706: 3700: 3694: 3693: 3691: 3690: 3671: 3665: 3664: 3662: 3660: 3641: 3635: 3634: 3632: 3630: 3615: 3609: 3608: 3593: 3587: 3586: 3578: 3572: 3571: 3569: 3568: 3549: 3543: 3542: 3540: 3539: 3533: 3522: 3514: 3508: 3507: 3505: 3504: 3495:. Archived from 3488: 3482: 3481: 3471: 3447: 3441: 3422: 3416: 3409: 3400: 3399: 3387: 3381: 3380: 3375:. Archived from 3368: 3362: 3355: 3333:Logical security 3051:Grue Church fire 2964:Related hardware 2951: 2935: 2915: 2884: 2689: 2682: 2678: 2675: 2669: 2641: 2640: 2633: 2619:weatherstripping 2587: 2580: 2576: 2573: 2567: 2547: 2546: 2539: 2469:imperial cyphers 2353:In other words: 2046:blast-proof door 1661:Australian doors 1429:double-leaf door 1425:single-leaf door 1407:Entrance of the 1370: 1351: 1329: 1306: 1287: 1271: 1256:Romanian Revival 1252: 1233: 1218:Egyptian Revival 1214: 1199: 1179: 1156: 1134: 1115: 1100: 1077: 1058: 1031: 1012: 989: 966: 944: 921: 897: 879: 856: 833: 818:Ancient Egyptian 813: 690:Saint Petersburg 599:Canosa di Puglia 571:Villa Boscoreale 500:Lateran Basilica 376: 360: 143: 136: 132: 129: 123: 121: 80: 56: 48: 43: 36: 21: 5172: 5171: 5167: 5166: 5165: 5163: 5162: 5161: 5142: 5141: 5140: 5135: 5131:Category: Rooms 5116: 5060: 4881: 4873: 4839:Secondary suite 4790: 4665:butler's pantry 4637: 4580:Mechanical room 4533:Electrical room 4492: 4480: 4310: 4254: 4228:Recreation room 4128: 4119: 4075: 4041: 4039: 4036: 4031: 4030: 4005: 4001: 3990: 3989: 3985: 3980: 3976: 3971: 3967: 3959: 3948: 3944: 3943: 3939: 3926: 3925: 3921: 3908: 3907: 3903: 3898: 3894: 3885: 3883: 3874: 3872: 3868: 3859: 3857: 3848: 3847: 3843: 3830: 3829: 3825: 3801: 3797: 3780: 3779: 3775: 3768: 3752: 3748: 3739: 3737: 3729: 3728: 3724: 3713: 3709: 3701: 3697: 3688: 3686: 3673: 3672: 3668: 3658: 3656: 3643: 3642: 3638: 3628: 3626: 3617: 3616: 3612: 3595: 3594: 3590: 3579: 3575: 3566: 3564: 3551: 3550: 3546: 3537: 3535: 3531: 3520: 3516: 3515: 3511: 3502: 3500: 3491: 3489: 3485: 3448: 3444: 3423: 3419: 3410: 3403: 3388: 3384: 3369: 3365: 3356: 3352: 3347: 3342: 3291:Electronic lock 3249: 3195: 3189: 3174: 3168: 3137: 3131: 3114: 3103:risk assessment 3094: 3082: 3031: 2980: 2972: 2966: 2959: 2952: 2943: 2936: 2927: 2916: 2907: 2885: 2748: 2731: 2699: 2690: 2679: 2673: 2670: 2655: 2642: 2638: 2631: 2588: 2577: 2571: 2568: 2557: 2548: 2544: 2537: 2426: 2333: 2331:Swing direction 2265: 2257: 2249: 2240: 2232: 2215: 2213:Board battening 2177:frame and panel 2173: 2136: 2002: 1958:counterbalanced 1938: 1885:pressure sensor 1865: 1834:high-speed door 1829: 1805: 1776: 1701:Most doors are 1699: 1686: 1551:window shutters 1517:casement window 1385: 1378: 1371: 1362: 1352: 1343: 1330: 1321: 1307: 1298: 1288: 1279: 1272: 1263: 1253: 1244: 1234: 1225: 1215: 1206: 1200: 1191: 1180: 1171: 1170:(New York City) 1168:Brooklyn Museum 1157: 1148: 1135: 1126: 1116: 1107: 1101: 1092: 1078: 1069: 1059: 1050: 1039:Antim Monastery 1032: 1023: 1013: 1004: 990: 981: 967: 958: 945: 936: 922: 913: 898: 889: 880: 871: 857: 848: 834: 825: 824:(New York City) 814: 611:Trani cathedral 546:Aix-la-Chapelle 392: 391: 390: 389: 388: 377: 369: 368: 361: 302:Frame and panel 287: 249:Doors can have 144: 133: 127: 124: 81: 79: 69: 57: 44: 37: 30: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 5170: 5160: 5159: 5157:Types of gates 5154: 5137: 5136: 5134: 5133: 5121: 5118: 5117: 5115: 5114: 5109: 5104: 5099: 5094: 5089: 5084: 5079: 5074: 5068: 5066: 5062: 5061: 5059: 5058: 5053: 5048: 5043: 5038: 5033: 5028: 5027: 5026: 5016: 5011: 5006: 5001: 4996: 4991: 4986: 4981: 4980: 4979: 4969: 4964: 4959: 4954: 4949: 4944: 4939: 4930: 4925: 4916: 4911: 4906: 4901: 4896: 4891: 4885: 4883: 4875: 4874: 4872: 4871: 4866: 4861: 4856: 4851: 4846: 4841: 4836: 4831: 4830: 4829: 4824: 4819: 4809: 4804: 4798: 4796: 4792: 4791: 4789: 4788: 4783: 4778: 4773: 4768: 4763: 4758: 4753: 4751:Servants' hall 4748: 4743: 4738: 4733: 4728: 4723: 4718: 4713: 4708: 4703: 4694: 4693: 4692: 4687: 4682: 4677: 4672: 4667: 4659: 4654: 4648: 4646: 4639: 4638: 4636: 4635: 4630: 4625: 4620: 4615: 4610: 4601: 4596: 4591: 4586: 4577: 4564: 4559: 4554: 4549: 4540: 4538:Equipment room 4535: 4530: 4525: 4520: 4515: 4510: 4505: 4499: 4497: 4482: 4481: 4479: 4478: 4473: 4468: 4463: 4454: 4452:Secret passage 4449: 4444: 4443: 4442: 4437: 4427: 4422: 4417: 4412: 4407: 4402: 4397: 4392: 4387: 4382: 4381: 4380: 4370: 4361: 4360: 4359: 4349: 4344: 4339: 4334: 4329: 4324: 4318: 4316: 4312: 4311: 4309: 4308: 4303: 4298: 4293: 4288: 4287: 4286: 4275: 4274: 4273: 4262: 4260: 4256: 4255: 4253: 4252: 4247: 4242: 4237: 4236: 4235: 4225: 4224: 4223: 4213: 4212: 4211: 4201: 4196: 4195: 4194: 4189: 4179: 4174: 4169: 4164: 4159: 4154: 4149: 4144: 4138: 4136: 4130: 4129: 4118: 4117: 4110: 4103: 4095: 4089: 4088: 4074: 4073:External links 4071: 4070: 4069: 4059:Chisholm, Hugh 4035: 4032: 4029: 4028: 4010:Safety Science 3999: 3983: 3974: 3965: 3937: 3934:on 2015-01-22. 3919: 3901: 3892: 3866: 3852:. 2001-03-02. 3841: 3838:on 2020-09-20. 3823: 3817:Beastly Things 3795: 3773: 3766: 3746: 3722: 3707: 3695: 3666: 3636: 3610: 3588: 3573: 3559:. 2005-08-03. 3544: 3509: 3483: 3462:(4): 300–303. 3442: 3417: 3401: 3382: 3363: 3349: 3348: 3346: 3343: 3341: 3340: 3335: 3330: 3325: 3320: 3315: 3309: 3304: 3299: 3293: 3288: 3283: 3280:Gibbs surround 3277: 3272: 3266: 3261: 3256: 3250: 3248: 3245: 3244: 3243: 3237: 3231: 3225: 3188: 3185: 3170:Main article: 3167: 3164: 3153:door breaching 3133:Main article: 3130: 3127: 3113: 3110: 3093: 3090: 3081: 3078: 3073: 3072: 3066: 3060: 3054: 3030: 3027: 2979: 2976: 2970:Door furniture 2968:Main article: 2965: 2962: 2961: 2960: 2953: 2946: 2944: 2937: 2930: 2928: 2917: 2910: 2908: 2889:door furniture 2886: 2879: 2876: 2875: 2869: 2851: 2845: 2839: 2838:but for a door 2828: 2812: 2806: 2780:door furniture 2747: 2744: 2730: 2727: 2698: 2695: 2692: 2691: 2674:September 2010 2652:of the subject 2650:worldwide view 2645: 2643: 2636: 2630: 2627: 2590: 2589: 2551: 2549: 2542: 2536: 2533: 2425: 2424:Main materials 2422: 2421: 2420: 2419: 2418: 2415: 2406:In Australia: 2404: 2403: 2402: 2384: 2383: 2382: 2376: 2370: 2364: 2332: 2329: 2328: 2327: 2320: 2319: 2318: 2307:particle board 2303: 2299: 2298: 2297: 2276: 2264: 2261: 2256: 2253: 2248: 2247:Frame and fill 2245: 2239: 2236: 2231: 2228: 2227: 2226: 2222: 2214: 2211: 2210: 2209: 2206: 2202: 2199: 2193: 2187: 2172: 2169: 2135: 2132: 2131: 2130: 2119:water entrance 2111: 2090: 2072: 2069: 2050: 2012:, above a door 2001: 1998: 1997: 1996: 1982: 1973: 1966:roller shutter 1937: 1934: 1929: 1928: 1925: 1918: 1917: 1916: 1913:remote control 1909: 1898: 1888: 1864: 1861: 1855:requirements. 1828: 1825: 1824: 1823: 1816: 1811:revolving door 1804: 1801: 1775: 1772: 1771: 1770: 1756: 1744: 1736: 1729: 1722: 1698: 1695: 1685: 1682: 1681: 1680: 1665: 1658: 1645: 1634: 1624: 1616: 1605: 1585: 1570: 1566:composite door 1562: 1533: 1501: 1500: 1485: 1457: 1436: 1384: 1381: 1380: 1379: 1372: 1365: 1363: 1353: 1346: 1344: 1331: 1324: 1322: 1308: 1301: 1299: 1289: 1282: 1280: 1273: 1266: 1264: 1254: 1247: 1245: 1237:Rococo Revival 1235: 1228: 1226: 1216: 1209: 1207: 1203:Gothic Revival 1201: 1194: 1192: 1181: 1174: 1172: 1158: 1151: 1149: 1136: 1129: 1127: 1117: 1110: 1108: 1102: 1095: 1093: 1079: 1072: 1070: 1060: 1053: 1051: 1033: 1026: 1024: 1014: 1007: 1005: 991: 984: 982: 968: 961: 959: 946: 939: 937: 923: 916: 914: 899: 892: 890: 881: 874: 872: 858: 851: 849: 835: 828: 826: 815: 808: 806: 786:worked on the 542:Constantinople 432:British Museum 378: 371: 370: 363:Stone door in 362: 355: 354: 353: 352: 351: 286: 283: 184:Conventionally 146: 145: 60: 58: 51: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5169: 5158: 5155: 5153: 5150: 5149: 5147: 5132: 5123: 5122: 5119: 5113: 5110: 5108: 5105: 5103: 5100: 5098: 5095: 5093: 5090: 5088: 5085: 5083: 5080: 5078: 5075: 5073: 5070: 5069: 5067: 5063: 5057: 5054: 5052: 5049: 5047: 5044: 5042: 5039: 5037: 5034: 5032: 5029: 5025: 5022: 5021: 5020: 5017: 5015: 5012: 5010: 5007: 5005: 5002: 5000: 4997: 4995: 4992: 4990: 4987: 4985: 4982: 4978: 4975: 4974: 4973: 4970: 4968: 4965: 4963: 4960: 4958: 4955: 4953: 4950: 4948: 4945: 4943: 4940: 4938: 4934: 4931: 4929: 4926: 4924: 4920: 4917: 4915: 4912: 4910: 4907: 4905: 4902: 4900: 4897: 4895: 4892: 4890: 4887: 4886: 4884: 4880: 4879:Architectural 4876: 4870: 4867: 4865: 4862: 4860: 4859:Semi-detached 4857: 4855: 4852: 4850: 4847: 4845: 4842: 4840: 4837: 4835: 4832: 4828: 4825: 4823: 4820: 4818: 4815: 4814: 4813: 4810: 4808: 4805: 4803: 4800: 4799: 4797: 4793: 4787: 4784: 4782: 4779: 4777: 4776:Swimming pool 4774: 4772: 4769: 4767: 4764: 4762: 4759: 4757: 4754: 4752: 4749: 4747: 4744: 4742: 4739: 4737: 4734: 4732: 4729: 4727: 4724: 4722: 4719: 4717: 4716:Great chamber 4714: 4712: 4709: 4707: 4704: 4702: 4698: 4695: 4691: 4688: 4686: 4683: 4681: 4678: 4676: 4673: 4671: 4668: 4666: 4663: 4662: 4660: 4658: 4655: 4653: 4650: 4649: 4647: 4644: 4640: 4634: 4631: 4629: 4628:Wiring closet 4626: 4624: 4621: 4619: 4616: 4614: 4611: 4609: 4605: 4602: 4600: 4599:Semi-basement 4597: 4595: 4592: 4590: 4587: 4585: 4581: 4578: 4576: 4572: 4568: 4565: 4563: 4560: 4558: 4555: 4553: 4550: 4548: 4544: 4541: 4539: 4536: 4534: 4531: 4529: 4526: 4524: 4521: 4519: 4516: 4514: 4511: 4509: 4506: 4504: 4501: 4500: 4498: 4496: 4491: 4487: 4483: 4477: 4474: 4472: 4469: 4467: 4464: 4462: 4458: 4455: 4453: 4450: 4448: 4445: 4441: 4438: 4436: 4433: 4432: 4431: 4428: 4426: 4423: 4421: 4418: 4416: 4413: 4411: 4408: 4406: 4403: 4401: 4398: 4396: 4393: 4391: 4388: 4386: 4383: 4379: 4376: 4375: 4374: 4371: 4369: 4365: 4362: 4358: 4355: 4354: 4353: 4350: 4348: 4345: 4343: 4340: 4338: 4335: 4333: 4330: 4328: 4325: 4323: 4320: 4319: 4317: 4313: 4307: 4304: 4302: 4299: 4297: 4294: 4292: 4289: 4285: 4282: 4281: 4279: 4276: 4272: 4269: 4268: 4267: 4264: 4263: 4261: 4259:Private rooms 4257: 4251: 4248: 4246: 4243: 4241: 4238: 4234: 4233:billiard room 4231: 4230: 4229: 4226: 4222: 4219: 4218: 4217: 4214: 4210: 4207: 4206: 4205: 4202: 4200: 4197: 4193: 4190: 4188: 4187:dirty kitchen 4185: 4184: 4183: 4180: 4178: 4175: 4173: 4170: 4168: 4165: 4163: 4160: 4158: 4155: 4153: 4150: 4148: 4145: 4143: 4140: 4139: 4137: 4135: 4131: 4127: 4123: 4116: 4111: 4109: 4104: 4102: 4097: 4096: 4093: 4086: 4081: 4077: 4076: 4066: 4065: 4060: 4056: 4050: 4049:public domain 4038: 4037: 4024: 4020: 4016: 4012: 4011: 4003: 3995: 3994: 3987: 3978: 3969: 3958: 3954: 3947: 3941: 3933: 3929: 3923: 3915: 3911: 3905: 3896: 3881: 3877: 3870: 3855: 3851: 3845: 3837: 3833: 3827: 3820: 3818: 3814: 3810: 3805: 3799: 3791: 3787: 3783: 3777: 3769: 3763: 3759: 3758: 3750: 3736: 3732: 3726: 3718: 3711: 3704: 3699: 3684: 3680: 3679:The Door Zone 3676: 3670: 3654: 3650: 3646: 3640: 3624: 3620: 3614: 3606: 3602: 3598: 3592: 3584: 3577: 3562: 3558: 3554: 3548: 3530: 3526: 3519: 3513: 3499:on 2012-10-09 3498: 3494: 3487: 3479: 3475: 3470: 3465: 3461: 3457: 3453: 3446: 3439: 3438:0-292-78149-0 3435: 3431: 3427: 3421: 3414: 3408: 3406: 3397: 3393: 3386: 3378: 3374: 3367: 3360: 3354: 3350: 3339: 3336: 3334: 3331: 3329: 3326: 3324: 3321: 3319: 3316: 3313: 3310: 3308: 3305: 3303: 3300: 3297: 3294: 3292: 3289: 3287: 3284: 3281: 3278: 3276: 3275:Door security 3273: 3270: 3267: 3265: 3262: 3260: 3257: 3255: 3252: 3251: 3241: 3238: 3235: 3232: 3229: 3226: 3223: 3220: 3219: 3218: 3215: 3213: 3208: 3204: 3201:, doors in a 3200: 3194: 3184: 3182: 3177: 3173: 3163: 3161: 3156: 3154: 3150: 3145: 3143: 3136: 3126: 3123: 3118: 3109: 3106: 3104: 3098: 3089: 3086: 3077: 3070: 3067: 3064: 3061: 3058: 3055: 3052: 3049: 3048: 3047: 3043: 3042:in the door. 3041: 3040:vision panels 3036: 3025: 3021: 3019: 3014: 3012: 3008: 3004: 3000: 2994: 2992: 2988: 2984: 2975: 2971: 2957: 2950: 2945: 2941: 2934: 2929: 2925: 2921: 2914: 2909: 2906: 2902: 2898: 2894: 2890: 2883: 2878: 2877: 2873: 2870: 2867: 2863: 2859: 2855: 2852: 2849: 2846: 2843: 2840: 2837: 2833: 2829: 2826: 2822: 2818: 2817: 2813: 2810: 2807: 2804: 2800: 2797: 2796: 2795: 2793: 2792:door knockers 2789: 2785: 2781: 2777: 2773: 2769: 2765: 2761: 2752: 2743: 2739: 2737: 2726: 2723: 2719: 2717: 2713: 2711: 2707: 2703: 2697:United States 2688: 2685: 2677: 2667: 2663: 2659: 2653: 2651: 2644: 2635: 2634: 2626: 2622: 2620: 2616: 2611: 2609: 2605: 2604:passive solar 2601: 2597: 2586: 2583: 2575: 2572:November 2015 2565: 2561: 2555: 2552:This section 2550: 2541: 2540: 2532: 2530: 2526: 2522: 2518: 2517:passive house 2515:label or the 2514: 2510: 2506: 2501: 2498: 2494: 2490: 2486: 2484: 2480: 2474: 2470: 2466: 2462: 2457: 2453: 2451: 2448:, composite, 2447: 2443: 2439: 2435: 2431: 2416: 2412: 2408: 2407: 2405: 2400: 2399:mortise locks 2396: 2392: 2388: 2387: 2385: 2380: 2377: 2374: 2371: 2368: 2365: 2362: 2359: 2358: 2356: 2355: 2354: 2351: 2347: 2345: 2340: 2338: 2325: 2321: 2317:and strength. 2316: 2312: 2308: 2304: 2300: 2295: 2294: 2292: 2288: 2284: 2280: 2279: 2277: 2274: 2270: 2267: 2266: 2260: 2252: 2244: 2235: 2223: 2220: 2219: 2218: 2207: 2203: 2200: 2197: 2194: 2191: 2188: 2185: 2182: 2181: 2180: 2178: 2164: 2156: 2148: 2140: 2128: 2124: 2123:Venice, Italy 2120: 2116: 2112: 2109: 2105: 2101: 2097: 2096: 2091: 2087: 2083: 2079: 2078: 2073: 2070: 2067: 2063: 2059: 2055: 2051: 2048: 2047: 2042: 2041: 2040: 2037: 2035: 2031: 2027: 2023: 2019: 2011: 2006: 1994: 1990: 1986: 1985:Rebated doors 1983: 1980: 1979: 1974: 1971: 1967: 1963: 1959: 1955: 1951: 1948: 1947: 1942: 1933: 1926: 1923: 1919: 1914: 1910: 1907: 1903: 1902:motion sensor 1899: 1896: 1893: 1889: 1886: 1882: 1881: 1879: 1875: 1874: 1873: 1871: 1870: 1860: 1856: 1854: 1853:energy-saving 1850: 1844: 1841: 1836: 1835: 1821: 1817: 1813: 1812: 1807: 1806: 1800: 1796: 1794: 1793: 1787: 1784: 1779: 1768: 1763: 1762: 1757: 1754: 1749: 1745: 1741: 1737: 1734: 1730: 1726: 1723: 1720: 1716: 1715: 1714: 1710: 1708: 1704: 1690: 1678: 1674: 1670: 1666: 1662: 1659: 1656: 1652: 1651: 1646: 1643: 1639: 1635: 1631: 1630: 1625: 1621: 1617: 1614: 1610: 1606: 1603: 1598: 1594: 1590: 1586: 1583: 1579: 1575: 1571: 1567: 1563: 1560: 1556: 1552: 1548: 1544: 1540: 1539: 1538:louvered door 1534: 1531: 1526: 1522: 1518: 1514: 1513:French window 1509: 1505: 1504: 1503: 1498: 1494: 1490: 1486: 1483: 1482:batwing doors 1479: 1475: 1471: 1469: 1464: 1462: 1458: 1455: 1451: 1447: 1446: 1441: 1437: 1434: 1430: 1426: 1422: 1421: 1420: 1414: 1410: 1405: 1398: 1394: 1389: 1376: 1369: 1364: 1360: 1356: 1350: 1345: 1342: 1338: 1334: 1328: 1323: 1319: 1315: 1311: 1305: 1300: 1296: 1292: 1286: 1281: 1277: 1274:19th century 1270: 1265: 1261: 1257: 1251: 1246: 1242: 1238: 1232: 1227: 1223: 1219: 1213: 1208: 1204: 1198: 1193: 1189: 1185: 1178: 1173: 1169: 1165: 1161: 1155: 1150: 1146: 1142: 1139: 1133: 1128: 1124: 1120: 1114: 1109: 1105: 1099: 1094: 1090: 1086: 1082: 1076: 1071: 1067: 1063: 1057: 1052: 1048: 1044: 1040: 1036: 1030: 1025: 1021: 1017: 1011: 1006: 1002: 998: 994: 988: 983: 979: 975: 971: 965: 960: 957: 953: 949: 943: 938: 934: 930: 926: 920: 915: 911: 907: 903: 896: 891: 887: 884: 878: 873: 869: 866:, now in the 865: 861: 860:Ancient Roman 855: 850: 846: 842: 838: 837:Ancient Greek 832: 827: 823: 819: 812: 807: 804: 803: 802: 800: 797: 793: 789: 785: 781: 777: 772: 770: 766: 762: 758: 754: 752: 747: 743: 739: 735: 731: 728: 724: 720: 716: 713:The earliest 711: 709: 708:Fontainebleau 704: 700: 691: 687: 683: 678: 674: 672: 668: 664: 660: 655: 650: 648: 644: 640: 639:Andrea Pisano 636: 631: 629: 625: 620: 616: 612: 608: 604: 600: 596: 592: 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