204:" their opponent through clever lyrics and wordplay, with heavy emphasis being placed upon the rapper's improvisational ability. Many battles also include metaphorically violent imagery, complementing the "battling" atmosphere. It is considered dishonorable or shameful to recite pre-written or memorized raps during a freestyle battle, because it shows the rapper to be incapable of "spitting" spur-of-the-moment lyrics. A live audience is key, as a large part of "winning" a battle is how an audience responds to each rapper. Appointed judges may be used in formal contests, but in most cases, the rapper who receives the largest audience response is viewed as the victor.
154:. Reasons for freestyling include entertainment, as a therapeutic activity, to discover different ways of rapping, promoting oneself, increasing versatility, or as a spiritual activity. Improvised freestyling can also be used in live performances, to do things such as giving something extra to the crowd and to cover up mistakes. To prove that a freestyle is being made up on the spot (as opposed to something pre-written or memorized), rappers will often refer to places and objects in their immediate setting, or will take suggestions on what to rhyme about.
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34:, where a lead instrumentalist acts as an improviser with a supporting band providing a beat. Freestyle originally was simply verse that is free of style, written rhymes that do not follow a specific subject matter, or predetermined cadence. The newer style with the improvisation grew popular starting in the early 1990s. It is now mainly associated with
236:
is known for "making or breaking reputations in the Hip Hop community; if you are able to step into the cypher and tell your story, demonstrating your uniqueness, you might be more accepted". These groups also serve as a way for messages about Hip Hop styles and knowledge to be spread, through word-of-mouth and encouraging trends in other battles.
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in a circle, in order to jam musically together. The term has also in recent years come to mean the crowd that forms around freestyle battles, consisting of spectators and onlookers. This group serves partly to encourage competition and partly to enhance the communal aspect of rap battles. The cypher
56:
and Myka 9 note that originally a freestyle was a spit on no particular subject – Big Daddy Kane said, "in the '80s, when we said we wrote a freestyle rap, that meant that it was a rhyme that you wrote that was free of style... it's basically a rhyme just bragging about yourself." Myka 9 adds, "back
122:
Myka 9 explains that
Freestyle Fellowship helped redefine the term – "that's what they say I helped do – I helped get the world to freestyle, me and the Freestyle Fellowship, by inventing the Freestyle Fellowship and by redefining what freestyle is... We have redefined
118:
Kool Moe Dee suggests the change in how the term is used happened somewhere in the mid to late 1980s, saying, "until 1986, all freestyles were written", and "before the 1990s, it was about how hard you could come with a written rhyme with no particular subject matter and no real purpose other than
108:
Since the early 1990s onwards, with the popularization of improvisational rapping from groups and artists such as
Freestyle Fellowship through to fresh fest competitions, "freestyle" has come to be the widely used term for rap lyrics that are improvised on the spot. This type of freestyle is the
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are usually more relaxed than in conventional rapping. Many artists base their freestyle on their current situation or mental state, but have a ready supply of prepared lyrics and rhyme patterns they can use as filler. Freestyling can also be used as a songwriting method for albums or mixtapes.
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As hip-hop evolved in the early 1980s, many rappers gained their fame through freestyle battles. Battles can take place anywhere: informally on street corners, on stage at a concert, at a school, or at events specifically meant for battling (such as
Scribble Jam or the Blaze Battle).
91:
Referring to this earlier definition (a written rhyme on non-specific subject matter), Big Daddy Kane stated, "that's really what a freestyle is" and Kool Moe Dee refers to it as "true" freestyle, and "the real old-school freestyle". Kool Moe Dee suggests that
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There are two types of freestyle. There's an old-school freestyle that's basically rhymes that you've written that may not have anything to do with any subject or that goes all over the place. Then there's freestyle where you come off the top of the
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In modern times, with the rise of leagues such as King of the Dot and
Ultimate Rap League, most battles are written, with some freestyling incorporated into the verses. This allows for more intricate rhymes and insults.
248:, best known for his rapid delivery, set the world record for longest freestyle at 33 hours, 33 minutes and 19 seconds. He held this record for 3 years until Japanese rapper PONEY beat it in April 2023 at 48 hours.
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coming off the top of the head wasn't really respected. The sentiment was emcees only did that if they couldn't write. The coming off the top of the head rhymer had a built-in excuse to not be critiqued as
171:), or over instrumental versions of songs. Freestyling is often done in a group setting called a "cypher" (or "cipher") or as part of a "freestyle battle". Due to the improvised nature of freestyle,
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Many rappers learn to rap through improvised freestyling, and by making freestyling into a conversation or a rhyming game which they play frequently as a way to practice, as described in the book
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where an artist improvises an unwritten verse from the head, with or without instrumental beats, in which lyrics are recited with no particular subject or structure. It is similar to other
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says: "in the school I come from, freestyling was a non-conceptual written rhyme... and now they call freestyling off the top of the head, so the era I come from, it's a lot different".
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785:
Blow, Kurtis. Kurtis Blow
Presents: The History of Rap, Vol. 1: The Genesis (liner notes). Kurtis Blow Presents: The History Of Rap, Vol. 1: The Genesis.
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stated, "off-the-top-of-the-head , we just called that 'off the dome' – when you don't write it and say whatever comes to mind".
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is a contest in which two or more rappers or MCs compete or "battle" each other using improvised lyrics. It is a prominent part of contemporary
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Although this kind of freestyling is very well respected today, Kool Moe Dee states that this was not the case previously:
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in the day, freestyle was bust a rhyme about any random thing, and it was a written rhyme or something memorized".
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A lot of the old-school artists didn't even respect what's being called freestyle now... any
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782:. Dir. Steven Gregory, Eric Holmberg. Perf. Eric Holmber, Garland Hunt. Videocassette. 1991.
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Divine Styler, in Kevin
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what freestyle is by saying that it's improvisational rap like a
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community. In a freestyle battle, each competitor's goal is to "
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also refers to this earlier definition in his book,
763:: The True 50 Greatest MCs, Thunder's Mouth Press.
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244:On May 6, 2020, American rapper and slam poet
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769:. Dir. Curtis Hanson. DVD. March 18, 2003
698:: The Art & Science of the Hip-Hop MC
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109:focus of Kevin Fitzgerald's documentary,
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278:Stream of consciousness (narrative mode)
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381:New York Ricans From The Hip-Hop Zone
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283:Stream of consciousness (psychology)
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331:, "The Freestyle", in Brian Cross,
144:Methodology of improvised freestyle
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704:(foreword). Chicago Review Press.
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792:. London; New York: Verso, 1993 .
729:. Thunder's Mouth Press. p.
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464:, p. 22, 23, 201, 292, 306.
722:; et al. (November 2003).
693:Edwards, Paul (December 2009).
669:
631:Chang, Jeff (12 October 2009).
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119:showing your lyrical prowess."
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592:Mavima, Shingi (2016-01-01).
313:Kevin Fitzgerald (director),
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2517:Feminist activism in hip hop
223:is an informal gathering of
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2507:Partner violence in hip hop
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774:The Vibe History of Hip Hop
749:Freestyle: The Art of Rhyme
383:, Palgrave Macmillan, p. 88
316:Freestyle: The Art of Rhyme
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112:Freestyle: The Art of Rhyme
10:
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727:: The True 50 Greatest MCs
598:Journal of Hip Hop Studies
347:Gwendolyn D. Pough, 2004,
333:It's Not About A Salary...
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157:Freestyles are performed
761:There's A God On The Mic
725:There's A God On The Mic
379:Raquel Z. Rivera, 2003,
335:, New York: Verso, 1993.
68:There's A God On The Mic
790:It's Not About a Salary
633:"It's a Hip-hop World"
196:and originated in the
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100:'s "Lyrics of Fury".
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28:improvisational music
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759:Kool Moe Dee, 2003,
1054:Chopped and screwed
959:Five-Percent Nation
772:Alan Light, et al.
263:Dance improvisation
184:Types of freestyles
42:Original definition
610:10.34718/gcxd-h910
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367:, Routledge, p.196
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365:That's The Joint!
240:Longest freestyle
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637:Foreign Policy
623:
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54:Big Daddy Kane
43:
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22:is a style of
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1568:Vigilante rap
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1538:Nuyorican rap
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1091:Freestyle rap
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1049:Chipmunk soul
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780:All Rapped Up
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604:(1): 86–105.
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246:George Watsky
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59:Divine Styler
55:
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50:
39:
37:
33:
29:
25:
24:hip hop music
21:
2534:
2482:Hip hop skit
2477:Drum machine
2438:Other topics
2331:
2232:Philadelphia
2206:
1675:Funk carioca
1625:Ghetto house
1483:Boomba music
1373:Hip hop soul
1286:Sample drill
1281:Jersey drill
1108:Instrumental
1090:
789:
773:
756:. DVD. 2004.
747:
723:
720:Kool Moe Dee
694:
671:
662:
652:
640:. Retrieved
636:
626:
601:
597:
587:
580:Edwards 2009
575:
568:Edwards 2009
563:
556:Edwards 2009
551:
544:Edwards 2009
539:
532:Edwards 2009
527:
500:
488:
457:
445:
433:
424:
417:Edwards 2009
400:Edwards 2009
380:
364:
348:
332:
324:
314:
243:
233:breakdancers
220:
216:
214:
210:
206:
187:
166:
165:(as seen in
156:
149:
147:
133:
129:
121:
117:
110:
107:
90:
79:
74:
66:
63:Kool Moe Dee
47:
46:In the book
45:
19:
18:
2502:Video vixen
2497:Synthesizer
2470:Turntablism
2455:Disc jockey
2388:New Zealand
2168:Palestinian
2063:Montenegrin
1854:Bangladeshi
1849:Azerbaijani
1588:Derivatives
1573:Zenji flava
1548:Songo-salsa
1478:Bongo flava
1358:Country rap
1246:Memphis rap
1229:Mafioso rap
1224:Gangsta rap
1199:Underground
1194:Turntablism
1118:Chicano rap
1020:Hipster hop
1015:Alternative
2554:Categories
2383:Australian
2362:Salvadoran
2298:West Coast
2244:Midwestern
2222:New Jersey
2212:East Coast
2058:Macedonian
2033:Portuguese
1926:Sri Lankan
1916:Philippine
1881:Indonesian
1824:Zimbabwean
1799:Senegalese
1637:Glitch hop
1630:Ghettotech
1599:Electronic
1488:Cumbia rap
1448:Trap metal
1383:Industrial
1298:Latin trap
1257:Trap music
1241:Horrorcore
1184:Snap music
1168:Religious
1135:Mumble rap
1130:Miami bass
1086:East Coast
979:Golden age
974:New school
969:Old-school
933:Production
886:Battle rap
869:Beatboxing
702:Kool G Rap
696:How to Rap
289:References
258:Battle rap
229:beatboxers
163:beatboxing
159:a cappella
151:How to Rap
94:Kool G Rap
49:How to Rap
30:, such as
2445:Auto-Tune
2425:Colombian
2408:Brazilian
2347:Dominican
2303:Northwest
2264:Wisconsin
2217:Baltimore
2123:Ukrainian
2103:Slovenian
2068:Norwegian
2043:Icelandic
2038:Hungarian
1993:Bulgarian
1931:Taiwanese
1921:Singapore
1911:Pakistani
1901:Mongolian
1896:Malaysian
1809:Tanzanian
1767:Mauritian
1680:Reggaeton
1652:Freestyle
1608:Breakbeat
1473:Afroswing
1439:Rap metal
1418:Rap opera
1378:Hip house
1266:Afro trap
1219:Dirty rap
1172:Christian
1157:Conscious
1152:Political
1079:Crunkcore
1064:Cloud rap
995:Subgenres
923:Festivals
618:2331-5563
231:, and/or
168:Freestyle
20:Freestyle
2537:Category
2460:DJ mixer
2413:Brasília
2374:Oceanian
2337:Canadian
2276:Southern
2178:Tunisian
2163:Lebanese
2148:Egyptian
2078:Romanian
1998:Croatian
1986:Scottish
1961:Austrian
1956:Albanian
1947:European
1906:Nepalese
1886:Japanese
1844:Armenian
1814:Togolese
1794:Nigerien
1782:Nigerian
1777:Namibian
1772:Moroccan
1762:Malawian
1747:Ghanaian
1737:Botswana
1732:Beninese
1722:Algerian
1647:Illbient
1553:Scam rap
1528:Motswako
1513:Igbo rap
1464:Regional
1453:Nu metal
1428:Trip hop
1423:Rap rock
1408:Punk rap
1388:Jazz rap
1291:UK drill
1210:Hardcore
1189:Southern
1145:Chap hop
1140:Nerdcore
1042:Road rap
1027:Boom bap
906:Feminism
901:Activism
862:Emceeing
855:Graffiti
841:Breaking
252:See also
2560:Rapping
2492:Sampler
2420:Chilean
2357:Mexican
2352:Haitian
2286:Memphis
2281:Atlanta
2254:Detroit
2249:Chicago
2183:Turkish
2158:Israeli
2153:Iranian
2113:Swedish
2108:Spanish
2093:Serbian
2088:Russian
2053:Italian
2013:Finnish
1976:British
1966:Belgian
1864:Chinese
1859:Burmese
1819:Zambian
1752:Ivorian
1742:Gambian
1727:Angolan
1713:African
1558:Stronda
1523:Low bap
1508:Hiplife
1398:Pop rap
1368:Emo rap
1363:Electro
1349:General
1323:UK trap
1101:Jerkin'
1059:Chopper
1037:British
1006:General
952:History
938:Theater
896:Fashion
879:Culture
828:Hip hop
752:. Dir.
225:rappers
161:, over
127:solo".
36:hip hop
2308:Alaska
2188:Yemeni
2143:Arabic
2098:Slovak
2083:Romany
2073:Polish
2023:German
2018:French
1981:Celtic
1891:Korean
1869:Indian
1757:Kenyan
1518:Kwaito
1236:G-funk
1177:Jewish
1069:Comedy
1032:Bounce
943:Genres
767:8 Mile
737:
708:
642:22 May
616:
329:T-Love
268:Dozens
221:cipher
217:cypher
177:rhythm
2342:Cuban
2320:Latin
2291:Miami
2269:Omaha
2118:Swiss
2048:Irish
2028:Greek
2008:Dutch
2003:Czech
1835:Asian
1667:Other
1657:Wonky
1642:Grime
1503:Hipco
1493:Genge
1413:Ragga
1318:Tread
1308:Plugg
1303:Phonk
1271:Drill
1113:Latin
1096:Hyphy
1074:Crunk
928:Music
891:Dance
848:DJing
173:meter
139:hard.
136:emcee
98:Rakim
76:head.
1936:Thai
1874:Desi
1313:Rage
1125:Lofi
918:LGBT
735:ISBN
706:ISBN
644:2015
614:ISSN
202:diss
175:and
125:jazz
32:jazz
731:224
606:doi
219:or
80:In
2556::
733:.
700:.
661:.
635:.
612:.
600:.
596:.
512:^
469:^
407:^
388:^
372:^
356:^
340:^
296:^
227:,
215:A
188:A
71::
52:,
38:.
819:e
812:t
805:v
743:.
714:.
679:.
665:.
646:.
620:.
608::
602:3
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