1195:
111:, from which it is derived, but emphasizes artistry over efficiency and speed. Freerunning involves interacting with physical obstacles in creative ways, such as by climbing, jumping or running; the obstacles may be purpose-built or may be part of a pre-existing natural or man-made environment. The movements are usually adopted from other sports, such as
230:, which included Foucan. This group trained together for several years and in 1997, through David Belle's brother, Jean-Francois, they started to attract attention and be invited to perform at events. The Yamakasi eventually split apart, though, because some members sought to find more individual expressions of the discipline.
175:
The central principle of freerunning is that one should express oneself by moving fluidly in one's environment; there are no limitations on the form of this movement. Foucan expands on a number of basic principles of the sport in his book,
152:
as a means of weapons avoidance and efficiently closing a distance to an opponent. Freerunning is derived from parkour, but it emphasizes not efficiency but artistry, allowing room for fancy flips and stylistic acrobatics.
167:. The name was coined from a suggestion by Guillaume Pelletier, who was working with the group of practitioners at this time. In the documentary, freerunning was defined as an English translation of parkour.
237:
had also been heavily featuring the same concepts in most of his films ever since the early 1980s from the other side of the globe. Yamakasi cited him as an influence on parkour. They drew influence from
807:
207:. He observed untrained native tribes in Africa with fantastic athletic ability and created the 'natural method' system to train people using the same ideas. His ideas eventually led to the
262:
Foucan wanted to create a discipline that was more personal to the individual than parkour and more easily adapted to suit each person's individual goals. His idea was similar to that of
451:
325:
16 August 2019 - Russia - It was reported that a person was "engaged in parkour on the roof" of a 9 story building and during a jump, fell off the roof and died from the fall.
867:
397:
Note: Foucan has since said that the confusion regarding the roots of the term came out of the fact that he was still formulating his ideas at the time of the filming.
320:
2013 - Russia - A person attempted a backflip on the ledge of a roof of a 16 story building, but when attempting to land on the ledge, fell from the building and died.
621:
815:
914:
455:
184:
encourages people to think positively, suggesting that practitioners of freerunning will sometimes fall—largely because they think they might.
1224:
270:. Foucan wanted to take everything that he had found useful and that he liked from his parkour experiences and combine it into one sport.
511:
946:
481:
875:
907:
701:
605:
577:
549:
432:
426:
354:
123:. Freerunners can create their own moves, flows and lines in different landscapes. Practitioners of freerunning usually do
776:
685:
654:
900:
625:
624:. Parkour and Freerunning Online: Your source of Parkour and Freerunning videos. November 5, 2015. Archived from
951:
837:
31:
103:
is an athletic and acrobatic discipline incorporating an aesthetic element, and can be considered either a
17:
1168:
203:
In
Western Europe, the idea of moving past obstacles for personal development or sport originated with
1126:
1105:
285:
1179:
982:
1163:
226:. 30 years later, other young people were attracted to these ideas and a small group formed, the
116:
1173:
1158:
1045:
247:
211:('obstacle course', literally 'assault course'), which is now a standard of military training.
671:
515:
977:
640:
8:
1112:
219:
972:
489:
1148:
1059:
243:
80:
1066:
681:
650:
642:
Geographies, Mobilities, and
Rhythms over the Life-Course: Adventures in the Interval
601:
573:
545:
422:
222:. When he moved to France and started a family, he passed on these ideas to his son,
311:
to highlight the youth partaking in freerunning as a form of freedom of expression.
204:
1219:
1198:
1119:
1031:
414:
291:
128:
46:
709:
1153:
1024:
987:
335:
295:. With each appearance both the discipline and Foucan himself increased in fame.
145:
1087:
1052:
1007:
992:
218:, who used them to practical effect while separated from his family during the
181:
62:
50:
868:"13-year-old boy fell from the roof of a 9-storey building in Yelets and died"
758:
732:
1213:
239:
215:
1073:
279:
267:
120:
66:
892:
784:
1143:
1080:
1038:
967:
677:
593:
537:
436:
234:
223:
198:
163:
149:
133:
1002:
997:
112:
58:
54:
646:
263:
251:
180:. Other practitioners have suggested other principles. For example,
27:
Athletic and acrobatic discipline incorporating an aesthetic element
941:
845:
777:"Tracer died in St. Petersburg performing a somersault on the roof"
227:
808:"Photo of a parkourist falling from a roof posted on social media"
30:
This article is about the acrobatic activity. For other uses, see
923:
308:
124:
108:
76:
673:
East Asian
Cinemas: Exploring Transnational Connections on Film
372:
452:"Parkour Legends: Daniel Ilabaca, Tim Shieff and Oleg Vorslov"
838:"13-year-old boy fell from the roof of a nine-story building"
104:
759:"Kashmir Freerunning Finding Freedom in the Art of Parkour"
512:"George HĂ©bert and the Natural Method of Physical Culture"
283:(2005). Foucan has appeared in other productions, such as
304:
161:
The word "freerunning" was first used in the documentary
140:
Foucan developed freerunning as a more inclusive form of
107:
or a performance art, or both. Freerunning is similar to
91:
246:, notably the acrobatic antics of Jackie Chan in his
131:, who discussed the subject in 2003 documentary film
273:Foucan's early ideas were first spread through the
1211:
355:"PARKOUR – A YOUNG SPORT WITH OLYMPIC AMBITIONS"
563:
561:
449:
908:
669:
922:
805:
586:
558:
915:
901:
530:
733:"Enzo Knol – Find your way – London Real"
638:
421:. U.K.: Michael O'Mara Books. p. 8.
409:
407:
405:
403:
947:World Freerunning and Parkour Federation
622:"Jackie Chan's Special Style Of Parkour"
479:
443:
14:
1212:
724:
504:
413:
400:
314:
257:
214:These ideas were picked up by a young
896:
592:
567:
536:
475:
473:
192:
144:. Parkour's efficient military style
730:
670:Hunt, Leon; Wing-Fai, Leung (2010).
377:World Freerunning Parkour Federation
127:as well. Freerunning was founded by
1225:Games and sports introduced in 2003
277:documentary (2003) and its sequel,
24:
470:
450:Declan Saldana (27 January 2012).
25:
1236:
806:Lutchenkova, Anna (7 July 2013).
1194:
1193:
874:. 17 August 2019. Archived from
844:. 16 August 2019. Archived from
480:Edwardes, Dan (22 August 2014).
298:
860:
830:
799:
769:
751:
694:
663:
632:
614:
250:, as well as the philosophy of
952:Australian Parkour Association
731:Knol, Enzo (28 October 2012).
600:. Intervista. pp. 71–79.
544:. Intervista. pp. 31–70.
391:
365:
347:
13:
1:
783:. 6 July 2013. Archived from
341:
170:
32:Free running (disambiguation)
156:
7:
359:European Olympic Committees
329:
10:
1241:
1169:Ultimate Parkour Challenge
639:Stratford, Elaine (2014).
196:
187:
29:
1189:
1136:
1097:
1016:
960:
934:
148:training lends itself to
86:
72:
42:
233:Meanwhile, action star
1159:Red Bull Art of Motion
1127:Mirror's Edge Catalyst
1046:District 13: Ultimatum
486:ParkourGenerations.com
248:Hong Kong action films
209:parcours du combattant
199:Parkour § History
568:Angel, Julie (2011).
1032:The Sons of the Wind
307:traveled to J&K
94:discussions underway
43:Famous practitioners
739:(Interview). London
706:Parkour Generations
315:Injuries and deaths
258:Further development
220:First Indochina War
39:
1149:Jump City: Seattle
1060:Choose Not to Fall
765:. 7 December 2014.
572:. pp. 17–20.
373:"What is Parkour?"
244:Asian martial arts
193:Origins in parkour
81:Asian martial arts
37:
1207:
1206:
702:"Parkour History"
607:978-2-35756-025-3
579:978-0-9569717-1-5
551:978-2-35756-025-3
492:on 6 October 2014
482:"Parkour History"
428:978-1-56975-652-2
415:Foucan, Sebastien
98:
97:
16:(Redirected from
1232:
1197:
1196:
1113:Assassin's Creed
978:JĂ©rĂ´me Ben Aoues
973:SĂ©bastien Foucan
917:
910:
903:
894:
893:
888:
887:
885:
883:
864:
858:
857:
855:
853:
834:
828:
827:
825:
823:
814:. Archived from
803:
797:
796:
794:
792:
773:
767:
766:
755:
749:
748:
746:
744:
728:
722:
721:
719:
717:
708:. Archived from
698:
692:
691:
667:
661:
660:
636:
630:
629:
618:
612:
611:
590:
584:
583:
565:
556:
555:
534:
528:
527:
525:
523:
518:on 23 March 2005
514:. Archived from
508:
502:
501:
499:
497:
488:. Archived from
477:
468:
467:
465:
463:
458:on 7 August 2013
454:. Archived from
447:
441:
440:
411:
398:
395:
389:
388:
386:
384:
369:
363:
362:
351:
292:Confessions Tour
129:Sebastien Foucan
47:Sebastien Foucan
40:
36:
21:
1240:
1239:
1235:
1234:
1233:
1231:
1230:
1229:
1210:
1209:
1208:
1203:
1185:
1154:Obstacle racing
1132:
1093:
1012:
988:Cyril Raffaelli
956:
930:
921:
891:
881:
879:
866:
865:
861:
851:
849:
836:
835:
831:
821:
819:
804:
800:
790:
788:
775:
774:
770:
757:
756:
752:
742:
740:
729:
725:
715:
713:
700:
699:
695:
688:
668:
664:
657:
637:
633:
620:
619:
615:
608:
591:
587:
580:
566:
559:
552:
535:
531:
521:
519:
510:
509:
505:
495:
493:
478:
471:
461:
459:
448:
444:
429:
412:
401:
396:
392:
382:
380:
371:
370:
366:
353:
352:
348:
344:
336:Obstacle racing
332:
317:
301:
266:'s creation of
260:
201:
195:
190:
173:
159:
146:obstacle course
90:Not currently;
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1238:
1228:
1227:
1222:
1205:
1204:
1202:
1201:
1190:
1187:
1186:
1184:
1183:
1176:
1171:
1166:
1161:
1156:
1151:
1146:
1140:
1138:
1134:
1133:
1131:
1130:
1123:
1116:
1109:
1101:
1099:
1095:
1094:
1092:
1091:
1084:
1077:
1070:
1063:
1056:
1053:Brick Mansions
1049:
1042:
1035:
1028:
1020:
1018:
1014:
1013:
1011:
1010:
1008:Damien Walters
1005:
1000:
995:
993:Daniel Ilabaca
990:
985:
980:
975:
970:
964:
962:
958:
957:
955:
954:
949:
944:
938:
936:
932:
931:
920:
919:
912:
905:
897:
890:
889:
878:on 9 July 2021
859:
848:on 9 July 2021
829:
818:on 9 July 2021
798:
787:on 9 July 2021
768:
750:
723:
712:on 31 May 2019
693:
686:
662:
655:
649:. p. 79.
631:
628:on 2016-03-04.
613:
606:
585:
578:
557:
550:
529:
503:
469:
442:
427:
399:
390:
364:
345:
343:
340:
339:
338:
331:
328:
327:
326:
322:
321:
316:
313:
300:
297:
289:and Madonna's
259:
256:
205:Georges HĂ©bert
197:Main article:
194:
191:
189:
186:
182:Daniel Ilabaca
172:
169:
158:
155:
96:
95:
88:
84:
83:
74:
70:
69:
63:Damien Walters
51:Daniel Ilabaca
44:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1237:
1226:
1223:
1221:
1218:
1217:
1215:
1200:
1192:
1191:
1188:
1182:
1181:
1180:Worldwide Jam
1177:
1175:
1172:
1170:
1167:
1165:
1162:
1160:
1157:
1155:
1152:
1150:
1147:
1145:
1142:
1141:
1139:
1135:
1129:
1128:
1124:
1122:
1121:
1120:Mirror's Edge
1117:
1115:
1114:
1110:
1108:
1107:
1103:
1102:
1100:
1096:
1090:
1089:
1085:
1083:
1082:
1078:
1076:
1075:
1071:
1069:
1068:
1064:
1062:
1061:
1057:
1055:
1054:
1050:
1048:
1047:
1043:
1041:
1040:
1036:
1034:
1033:
1029:
1027:
1026:
1022:
1021:
1019:
1015:
1009:
1006:
1004:
1001:
999:
996:
994:
991:
989:
986:
984:
983:John Hennigan
981:
979:
976:
974:
971:
969:
966:
965:
963:
961:Practitioners
959:
953:
950:
948:
945:
943:
940:
939:
937:
933:
929:
925:
918:
913:
911:
906:
904:
899:
898:
895:
877:
873:
869:
863:
847:
843:
839:
833:
817:
813:
809:
802:
786:
782:
778:
772:
764:
760:
754:
738:
734:
727:
711:
707:
703:
697:
689:
687:9780857712271
683:
679:
675:
674:
666:
658:
656:9781135117429
652:
648:
644:
643:
635:
627:
623:
617:
609:
603:
599:
595:
589:
581:
575:
571:
564:
562:
553:
547:
543:
539:
533:
517:
513:
507:
491:
487:
483:
476:
474:
457:
453:
446:
438:
434:
430:
424:
420:
416:
410:
408:
406:
404:
394:
378:
374:
368:
360:
356:
350:
346:
337:
334:
333:
324:
323:
319:
318:
312:
310:
306:
303:In 2014, the
299:International
296:
294:
293:
288:
287:
286:Casino Royale
282:
281:
276:
271:
269:
265:
255:
253:
249:
245:
241:
240:Asian culture
236:
231:
229:
225:
221:
217:
216:Raymond Belle
212:
210:
206:
200:
185:
183:
179:
168:
166:
165:
154:
151:
147:
143:
138:
136:
135:
130:
126:
122:
118:
114:
110:
106:
102:
93:
89:
87:Olympic sport
85:
82:
78:
75:
73:Ancestor arts
71:
68:
64:
60:
56:
52:
48:
45:
41:
33:
19:
1178:
1125:
1118:
1111:
1106:Free Running
1104:
1086:
1079:
1074:Jump Britain
1072:
1065:
1058:
1051:
1044:
1037:
1030:
1023:
927:
880:. Retrieved
876:the original
871:
862:
850:. Retrieved
846:the original
841:
832:
820:. Retrieved
816:the original
811:
801:
789:. Retrieved
785:the original
780:
771:
762:
753:
741:. Retrieved
736:
726:
714:. Retrieved
710:the original
705:
696:
672:
665:
641:
634:
626:the original
616:
597:
594:Belle, David
588:
570:Ciné Parkour
569:
541:
538:Belle, David
532:
520:. Retrieved
516:the original
506:
494:. Retrieved
490:the original
485:
460:. Retrieved
456:the original
445:
418:
393:
381:. Retrieved
376:
367:
358:
349:
302:
290:
284:
280:Jump Britain
278:
274:
272:
268:Jeet Kune Do
261:
232:
213:
208:
202:
177:
174:
162:
160:
141:
139:
132:
121:breakdancing
100:
99:
67:Luci Romberg
18:Free running
1144:Jackie Chan
1098:Video games
1081:Jump London
1039:District 13
968:David Belle
928:Freerunning
737:London Real
678:I.B. Tauris
419:Freerunning
275:Jump London
235:Jackie Chan
178:Freerunning
164:Jump London
150:martial art
134:Jump London
101:Freerunning
38:Freerunning
1214:Categories
1067:Freerunner
1003:Tim Shieff
998:Ryan Doyle
812:Metro news
437:1843173301
342:References
171:Philosophy
113:gymnastics
59:Tim Shieff
55:Ryan Doyle
647:Routledge
264:Bruce Lee
252:Bruce Lee
157:Etymology
1199:Category
1164:Tricking
1025:Yamakasi
942:Yamakasi
781:Fontanka
716:13 March
596:(2009).
540:(2009).
417:(2008).
330:See also
228:Yamakasi
117:tricking
1220:Parkour
1088:Tracers
924:Parkour
842:gorod48
598:Parkour
542:Parkour
496:12 June
309:Kashmir
188:History
142:parkour
125:parkour
109:parkour
77:Parkour
935:Groups
882:9 July
872:Relrus
852:8 June
822:2 June
791:2 June
743:3 July
684:
653:
604:
576:
548:
522:3 July
462:3 July
435:
425:
383:24 May
379:. 2018
1174:Vault
1137:Other
1017:Films
224:David
105:sport
926:and
884:2021
854:2020
824:2020
793:2020
745:2013
718:2019
682:ISBN
651:ISBN
602:ISBN
574:ISBN
546:ISBN
524:2013
498:2015
464:2013
433:ASIN
423:ISBN
385:2018
242:and
763:BBC
305:BBC
119:or
92:IOC
1216::
870:.
840:.
810:.
779:.
761:.
735:.
704:.
680:.
676:.
645:.
560:^
484:.
472:^
431:.
402:^
375:.
357:.
254:.
137:.
115:,
79:,
65:,
61:,
57:,
53:,
49:,
916:e
909:t
902:v
886:.
856:.
826:.
795:.
747:.
720:.
690:.
659:.
610:.
582:.
554:.
526:.
500:.
466:.
439:.
387:.
361:.
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.