136:, is a synthesis of psycholinguistic and cognitive psychology research applied to reading. Working from diverse perspectives, Frank Smith and Kenneth S. Goodman developed the theory of a unified single reading process that comprises an interaction between reader, text and language. On the whole, Smith's writing challenges conventional teaching and diverts from popular assumptions about reading.
182:, technique which is rooted in intellectual independence. The whole-language theory explained reading as a "language experience," where the reader interacts with the text/content and this in turn facilitates the link – "knowledge" – between the text and meaning. The emphasis is on the process or comprehension of the text.
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He was against the 1970s idea that children should first learn the letters and letter combinations that convey the
English language's forty-four sounds (Clymer's 45 phonic generalizations) and then they can read whole words by decoding them from their component phonemes. This "sounding out" words is
35:
recognized for his contributions in linguistics and cognitive psychology. He was an essential contributor to research on the nature of the reading process together with researchers such as
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Smith advocated the concept that "children learn to read by reading". In 1975 he participated in a television documentary filmed by
Stephen Rose for the
67:, Canada. He started out as reporter and editor for several media publications in Europe and Australia before commencing undergraduate studies at the
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Nystrand, M and Duffy, John. "Towards a
Rhetoric of Everyday Life: New Directions on Research in Writing, Text, and Discourse". 2003. p.123-124
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Apart from his research in language, his research interests included the psychological, social and cultural consequences of human technology.
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Nystrand, M and Duffy, John. "Towards a
Rhetoric of Everyday Life: New Directions on Research in Writing, Text, and Discourse". 2003. p.142
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Walker, L. "Networks and
Paradigms in English Language Arts in Canadian Faculties of Education". Canadian Journal of Education, 15(2):128
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94:, South Africa. Before taking the position at the Ontario Institute, Smith briefly worked at the Southwest Regional Laboratory in
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Groff, Patrick. "Research versus the
Psycholinguistic Approach to Beginning Reading". The Elementary School Journal, 81(1):53
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Smith, Frank; Lott, Deborah; Cronnell, Bruce (1969). "The Effect of Type Size and Case
Alternation on Word Identification".
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TV series while based at the
Toronto Institute for Studies in Education. The programme focused on his work with a single
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Smith, F. et al. "The Effect of Type Size and Case
Alternation of Word Identification". Journal of Psychology, 82(2):248
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Cooper, CR and
Petrosky, AR. "A Psycholinguistic View of the Fluent Reading Process". Journal of Reading, 20(3):186
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Cooper, CR and Petrosky, AR. "A Psycholinguistic View of the Fluent Reading Process". Journal of Reading, 20(3):185
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movement. Amongst others, Smith's research and writings in psycholinguistics inspired cognitive psychologists
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Stanovich, KE. "Progress in Understanding Reading: Scientific Foundations and New Frontiers". 2000. p. 5;45
20:
90:, British Columbia as well as professor and department head of applied English language studies at the
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Goodman, Yetta M. "Roots of the Whole-Language Movement". The Elementary School Journal, (90):2117
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Smith's research made important contributions to the development of reading theory. His book
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Unspeakable Acts, Unnatural Practices: Flaws and Fallacies in Scientific Reading Instruction
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979:"Whole Language or No Language? Something is rotten in the state of literacy education"
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Smith, Frank (1995). "Let's Declare Education a Disaster and Get in with Our Lives".
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Understanding Reading: A Psycholinguistic Analysis of Reading and Learning to Read
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Understanding Reading: A Psycholinguistic Analysis of Reading and Learning to Read
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Understanding Reading: A Psycholinguistic Analysis of Reading and Learning to Read
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This article is about Frank Smith the psycholinguist. For other persons, see
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Whose Language? What Power?: A Universal Conflict in a South African Setting
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is regarded as a fundamental text in the development of the now discredited
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Gough, P.B.; Hillinger, M.L. (1980). "Learning to read: An unnatural act".
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1006:"Whole Language Lives On: The Illusion of Balanced Reading Instruction"
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approach for reading instruction. He was the author of numerous books.
839:"Ending the Reading Wars: Reading Acquisition From Novice to Expert"
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Pettegrew, Barbara. "Untitled Review". The English Journal, 70(7):88
699:
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Smith, Frank (1992). "Learning to Read: The Never-Ending Debate".
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Insult to Intelligence: The Bureaucratic Invasion of Our Classroom
1103:
Reinking, David. "Untitled Review". Journal of Reading, 35(2):174
175:
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and Richard West's research into the role of context in reading.
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Between Hope and Havoc: Essays into Human Learning and Education
219:
Comprehension and Learning: A Conceptual Framework for Teachers
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https://www.legacy.com/amp/obituaries/timescolonist/197463181
542:
Essays into Literacy: Selected Papers and Some Afterthoughts
86:
for twelve years, professor of language in education at the
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Smith, F. "Ourselves: Why We Are Who We Are". 2006, p. xiii
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Smith, F. "Ourselves: Why We Are Who We Are". 2006, p. xiv
930:"The Science of Reading and Its Educational Implications"
674:(8). Bloomington: Phi Delta Kappa International: 572–576.
661:(8). Bloomington: Phi Delta Kappa International: 584–590.
648:(6). Bloomington: Phi Delta Kappa International: 432–441.
635:(5). Bloomington: Phi Delta Kappa International: 352–359.
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Oberg, Antoinette; Goelman, Hillel; Smith, Frank (1984).
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Joining the Literacy Club: Further Essays into Education
694:(2). Illinois: University of Illinois Press: 248–253.
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Frank Smith was born in England in 1928 and lived on
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Smith, Frank (1976). "Learning to Read by Reading".
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Beginning to Read: Thinking and Learning about Print
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The Genesis of Language: A Psycholinguistic Approach
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Harvard Graduate School of Arts and Sciences alumni
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1057:Groff, P. "Guided Reading, Whole Language Style".
387:The Glass Wall: Why Mathematics Can Seem Difficult
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666:Smith, Frank (2001). "Just a Matter of Time".
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627:Smith, Frank (1989). "Overselling Literacy".
347:(5th ed.). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
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843:Psychological Science in the Public Interest
837:Castles, A.; Rastle, K.; Nation, K. (2018).
1039:. National Institute for Direct Instruction
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1033:"Whole Language! What was that all about?"
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448:Ourselves: Why We Are Who We Are
170:-year-old child called Matthew.
105:He died on 29 December 2020, in
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242:. Cambridge University Press.
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895:Bulletin of the Orton Society
752:". Retrieved 27 November 2010
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132:Smith's work, in particular
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882:. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
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31:(1928–2020) was a Canadian
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431:. Teachers College Press.
391:. Teachers College Press.
368:. Teachers College Press.
309:. Teachers College Press.
286:. Teachers College Press.
55:Life, career and education
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928:Seidenberg, Mark (2013).
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1063:27 November 2010 at the
1012:. WETA Public Television
985:. Sussex Publishers, LLC
856:10.1177/1529100618772271
429:Reading Without Nonsense
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71:. He received a PhD in
326:Writing and the Writer
88:University of Victoria
37:George Armitage Miller
815:Frank Smith Obituary
601:Smith, Frank (2004).
580:Smith, Frank (1995).
559:Smith, Frank (1987).
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515:Awakening to Literacy
465:Smith, Frank (2007).
446:Smith, Frank (2006).
427:Smith, Frank (2005).
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383:Smith, Frank (2002).
362:Smith, Frank (1998).
345:Understanding Reading
343:Smith, Frank (1994).
324:Smith, Frank (1994).
301:Smith, Frank (1993).
278:Smith, Frank (1990).
257:Smith, Frank (1986).
238:Smith, Frank (1985).
215:Smith, Frank (1975).
192:Smith, Frank (1973).
1031:Hempenstall, Kerry.
878:Adams, M.J. (1996).
680:Co-authored articles
668:The Phi Delta Kappan
655:The Phi Delta Kappan
642:The Phi Delta Kappan
629:The Phi Delta Kappan
200:. Thomson Learning.
1165:on 24 December 2017
907:10.1007/BF02653717
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41:Kenneth S. Goodman
748:Stager, Gary S. "
612:978-0-8058-4712-3
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223:. Holt McDougal.
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