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additional rail, and single cars with two riders back-to-back. Since these single cars do not rotate around the riders but around a common point quite far back behind their backs, this gave rise to complaints of rider discomfort. Another notable difference is the absence of any lateral movements, causing some enthusiasts to not consider the rides to be fourth-dimension roller coasters due to the fact that all movement is restricted to a two-dimensional plane.
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The
Intamin ZacSpin was developed in response to the Arrow Dynamics fourth-dimension roller coaster. Some of the main differences between the Intamin and Arrow Dynamics/S&S Worldwide versions are the uncontrolled rotation of the seats, which produces a different ride each time, no need for an
315:
feature seats capable of rotating forward or backward, 360 degrees in a controlled spin. This is achieved by having four rails on the track; two acting as per normal, and two to control the spin of the seats. The two rails that control the spin of the seats, known as "X Rails", vary in height
402:
In late 2012, S&S Worldwide unveiled a new concept called Free Spin which features a similar ride to
Intamin ZacSpin. Each vehicle features two seating rows, and each row rotates independently. As the axis of rotation is at the
407:
of each guest, rider comfort is significantly improved. Like with ZacSpin, Seats spin freely, but during several track sections a system of magnets forces a controlled inversion. The first installation of a 4D Free Spin was
424:
In 2016, Intamin announced an updated version that like Free Spin also features a vehicle with two seating rows rotating independently, and an axis of rotation at the center of mass of each guest to improve rider comfort.
226:
John F. Mares, a corporate attorney, invented a fourth-dimension roller coaster concept in 1995 and holds six US patents related to the technology of their spinning seat systems:
218:
where riders are rotated independently of the track's orientation, generally about a horizontal axis perpendicular to the track. The cars do not need to be fixed to an angle.
327:
itself a lot of money due to technical difficulties and design flaws. In 2002, the park sued Arrow
Dynamics, which went into bankruptcy. Since then, Arrow was bought out by
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2432:
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42:
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89:
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347:. The original X coaster at Six Flags Magic Mountain reopened as X2 in 2008 with new, lighter trains and improved reliability and effects.
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68:
2012:
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There is considerable debate within the roller coaster community as to whether or not the spinning of these coasters qualifies as an
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in
Helsinki, Finland, opened for the 2007 season and was the first of its kind. Later that year Inferno opened at
2212:
2007:
2037:
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46:
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in
Stockholm, Sweden with a different track layout. In 2011, the first ZacSpin in the United States opened at
2367:
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gave
Eejanaika the record with 14 inversions. However, other more coaster-specific record bodies such as the
82:
311:
was the first company to produce a fourth-dimension roller coaster, lending its name to the ride style. The
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and became the company's steel coaster division, S&S Arrow. In 2006, a second installation opened at
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do not recognize this claim and instead count only track inversions, which gives the record of 14 to
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1278:"IAAPA 2012 Trade Show Coverage Part 1 - S&S Silver Dollar City Rocky Mountain Construction"
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8:
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2110:
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2160:
1771:
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1252:
2448:
1660:"La Ronde donne des nouvelles de la montagne russe Vipère qui devait ouvrir en 2020"
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launched a variation of the fourth-dimension roller coaster under the name ZacSpin.
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137:'X²' (formerly 'X') was the first fourth-dimension roller coaster in the world.
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The first installation, X, was a prototype and cost Arrow
Dynamics and
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24:
1362:
262:. In this concept, riders control the spinning action themselves.
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864:
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in
Benidorm, Spain with an identical compact layout. In 2009,
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which features similar trains to the S&S/Arrow design
289:
265:
The first fourth-dimension roller coaster to be built,
2478:
419:
350:
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1389:"Batman: The Ride (Six Flags Fiesta Texas)"
316:relative to the track, and spin the train using a
2635:
1642:"Green Lantern (Six Flags Magic Mountain)"
1139:
1137:
2649:
1441:"Wonder Woman Coaster (Six Flags MĂ©xico)"
1380:
1415:"Total Mayhem (Six Flags Great America)"
1146:"Roller Coaster Search Results – 4th Dimension"
2273:Hagrid's Magical Creatures Motorbike Adventure
1134:
2464:
1929:
1700:
1633:
1510:
1406:
1714:
1272:
1200:
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2471:
2457:
1936:
1922:
1707:
1693:
1676:A list of fourth-dimension roller coasters
1652:
1458:
1350:– via YouTube CoasterForce channel.
1266:
1044:was to be relocated to La Ronde as Vipère
394:. It features the same layout as Insane.
339:. A third installation opened in 2012 at
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
1467:"Dinoconda (China Dinosaur Park)"
1195:
293:
2650:
1614:
1536:
1493:"Dragon Slayer (Adventureland)"
1178:"X2 (Six Flags Magic Mountain)"
428:
273:in 2002, was designed and patented by
2452:
2091:(in association with US Thrill Rides)
1917:
1688:
1562:
1342:from the original on 21 December 2021
1290:from the original on 21 December 2021
1363:"Record Holders (Inversions)"
1276:; Rowher, Kevin (13 November 2012).
1207:"Eejanaika (Fuji-Q Highland)"
1171:
1169:
1167:
397:
290:Arrow Dynamics and S&S Worldwide
47:adding citations to reliable sources
18:
2283:Indiana Jones et le Temple du PĂ©ril
13:
2583:Discontinued roller coaster models
2067:Discontinued roller coaster models
1639:
1620:
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1542:
1516:
1490:
1464:
1438:
1412:
1386:
1360:
1308:
1204:
1175:
1143:
455:in Staffordshire, United Kingdom.
14:
2684:
1669:
1597:"Tumbili (Kings Dominion)"
1164:
420:Intamin ZacSpin second generation
58:"Fourth-dimension roller coaster"
1253:"Can X2 succeed where X failed?"
1089:
1079:
1050:
1029:
1004:
963:
948:
923:
888:
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835:
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797:
772:
737:
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667:
650:
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619:
609:
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458:
351:Intamin ZacSpin first generation
131:
23:
2187:Double and triple Ferris wheels
1588:
1519:"Inferno (Terra MĂtica)"
1484:
1432:
209:fourth-dimension roller coaster
126:Fourth-dimension roller coaster
34:needs additional citations for
1328:
1311:"4D Free Spin Roller Coasters"
1302:
1245:
1224:
161:
1:
2673:S&S – Sansei Technologies
2663:4th Dimension roller coasters
2658:Amusement ride models by name
2496:Current roller coaster models
2480:S&S – Sansei Technologies
2368:Superman: Escape from Krypton
1961:Current roller coaster models
1128:
1545:"Insane (Gröna Lund)"
437:for the purpose of records.
16:Type of steel roller coaster
7:
2268:Green Lantern: First Flight
1943:
1571:"Kirnu (Linnanmäki)"
1111:
1039:Green Lantern: First Flight
536:Six Flags Discovery Kingdom
385:Green Lantern: First Flight
10:
2689:
2418:Volcano: The Blast Coaster
1623:"Vipère (La Ronde)"
392:superhero of the same name
221:
2631:
2601:
2582:
2545:
2528:LSM Triple Launch Coaster
2495:
2486:
2200:
2179:
2103:
2066:
2013:Reverse Free Fall Coaster
1960:
1951:
1855:
1749:
1723:
1078:
1074:
1065:
1037:
629:
608:
606:
603:
597:
591:Six Flags Great Adventure
577:
518:
516:
513:
507:
487:
284:
197:
189:
171:
160:
152:
142:
130:
125:
2602:Discontinued ride models
2180:Other discontinued rides
1122:Bolliger & Mabillard
1057:Six Flags Magic Mountain
1011:Six Flags Magic Mountain
884:John Wick: Open Contract
387:, and was themed to the
381:Six Flags Magic Mountain
343:in China under the name
335:in Japan under the name
271:Six Flags Magic Mountain
2668:Types of roller coaster
2520:Family Inverted Coaster
2003:Multi Inversion Coaster
1680:Roller Coaster DataBase
1646:Roller Coaster DataBase
1627:Roller Coaster DataBase
1601:Roller Coaster DataBase
1575:Roller Coaster DataBase
1549:Roller Coaster DataBase
1523:Roller Coaster DataBase
1497:Roller Coaster DataBase
1471:Roller Coaster DataBase
1445:Roller Coaster DataBase
1419:Roller Coaster DataBase
1393:Roller Coaster DataBase
1367:Roller Coaster DataBase
1315:Roller Coaster DataBase
1211:Roller Coaster DataBase
1182:Roller Coaster DataBase
626:Six Flags Great America
445:Roller Coaster Database
2353:Slinky Dog Zigzag Spin
1105:Cancelled; in storage
501:Six Flags Fiesta Texas
440:Guinness World Records
414:Six Flags Fiesta Texas
305:
2506:4th Dimension Coaster
2489:Notable installations
1954:List of Intamin rides
1724:Construction material
657:Six Flags New England
297:
259:U.S. patent 6,606,953
253:U.S. patent 6,477,961
247:U.S. patent 6,386,115
241:U.S. patent 6,227,121
235:U.S. patent 6,098,549
229:U.S. patent 5,791,254
2537:Steeplechase Coaster
2511:Air-Launched Coaster
2502:4D Free Spin Coaster
2008:Prefabricated Wooden
1298:– via YouTube.
1120:– a type of ride by
663:Wonder Woman Coaster
643:Six Flags Over Texas
341:China Dinosaurs Park
298:A) Rotation of seats
43:improve this article
2546:Current ride models
2433:Woodstock's Express
2393:Top Thrill Dragster
2248:Escape from Pompeii
2104:Other current rides
1750:Train configuration
1232:"4D Roller Coaster"
1063:2017-2019: inactive
1061:2011-2017: operated
709:China Dinosaur Park
429:Inversion ambiguity
359:The roller coaster
2594:Screaming Squirrel
2532:Mine Train Coaster
2403:Tower of Terror II
2238:Disaster Transport
744:Adventureland Park
556:Nagashima Spa Land
306:
269:, which opened at
153:First manufactured
2645:
2644:
2446:
2445:
2373:Superman The Ride
1911:
1910:
1283:Theme Park Review
1109:
1108:
1100:2019-2022: stored
1046:
1000:
903:S&S Worldwide
717:S&S Worldwide
682:S&S Worldwide
599:S&S Worldwide
564:S&S Worldwide
509:S&S Worldwide
398:S&S Free Spin
329:S&S Worldwide
205:
204:
201:Over-the-shoulder
180:S&S Worldwide
119:
118:
111:
93:
2680:
2640:
2637:
2524:Free Fly Coaster
2473:
2466:
2459:
2450:
2449:
2318:Millennium Force
2151:Looping Starship
1938:
1931:
1924:
1915:
1914:
1757:Fourth dimension
1709:
1702:
1695:
1686:
1685:
1664:
1663:
1656:
1650:
1649:
1637:
1631:
1630:
1618:
1612:
1611:
1609:
1607:
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1436:
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1401:
1399:
1384:
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1373:
1358:
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1347:
1332:
1326:
1325:
1323:
1321:
1306:
1300:
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1261:
1259:
1249:
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1242:
1240:
1238:
1228:
1222:
1221:
1219:
1217:
1202:
1193:
1192:
1190:
1188:
1173:
1162:
1161:
1159:
1157:
1141:
1094:
1093:
1083:
1055:
1054:
1042:
1033:
1009:
1008:
996:
968:
967:
952:
928:
927:
895:Motiongate Dubai
893:
892:
879:
855:
854:
839:
815:
814:
801:
777:
776:
742:
741:
707:
706:
674:Six Flags MĂ©xico
672:
671:
655:
654:
641:
640:
630:2017 to present
624:
623:
613:
589:
588:
554:
553:
540:2019 to present
534:
533:
523:
499:
498:
489:Batman: The Ride
463:
462:
410:Batman: The Ride
320:gear mechanism.
261:
255:
249:
243:
237:
231:
178:(discontinued),
164:of installations
163:
148:
135:
123:
122:
114:
107:
103:
100:
94:
92:
51:
27:
19:
2688:
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2679:
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2648:
2647:
2646:
2641:
2634:
2627:
2597:
2578:
2564:Screamin' Swing
2541:
2516:El Loco Coaster
2491:
2482:
2477:
2447:
2442:
2196:
2175:
2121:Flying Dutchman
2099:
2062:
1956:
1947:
1942:
1912:
1907:
1851:
1832:Summer toboggan
1745:
1719:
1713:
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1658:
1657:
1653:
1640:Marden, Duane.
1638:
1634:
1621:Marden, Duane.
1619:
1615:
1605:
1603:
1595:Marden, Duane.
1593:
1589:
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1569:Marden, Duane.
1567:
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1543:Marden, Duane.
1541:
1537:
1527:
1525:
1517:Marden, Duane.
1515:
1511:
1501:
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1491:Marden, Duane.
1489:
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1465:Marden, Duane.
1463:
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1439:Marden, Duane.
1437:
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1423:
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1413:Marden, Duane.
1411:
1407:
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1387:Marden, Duane.
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1361:Marden, Duane.
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1334:
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1319:
1317:
1309:Marden, Duane.
1307:
1303:
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1267:
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1255:
1251:
1250:
1246:
1236:
1234:
1230:
1229:
1225:
1215:
1213:
1205:Marden, Duane.
1203:
1196:
1186:
1184:
1176:Marden, Duane.
1174:
1165:
1155:
1153:
1144:Marden, Duane.
1142:
1135:
1131:
1114:
1102:2022: cancelled
1101:
1088:
1076:
1075:
1062:
1049:
1041:
1015:2002 to present
1003:
995:
974:2022 to present
962:
934:2007 to present
922:
899:2022 to present
887:
861:2009 to present
849:
821:2007 to present
809:
783:2006 to present
779:Fuji-Q Highland
771:
748:2021 to present
736:
713:2012 to present
701:
678:2018 to present
666:
649:
635:
618:
595:2016 to present
583:
560:2017 to present
548:
528:
505:2015 to present
493:
461:
431:
422:
400:
353:
333:Fuji-Q Highland
318:rack and pinion
303:
301:
300:B) Seat on axle
299:
292:
287:
257:
251:
245:
239:
233:
227:
224:
198:Restraint Style
146:
138:
115:
104:
98:
95:
52:
50:
40:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2686:
2676:
2675:
2670:
2665:
2660:
2643:
2642:
2632:
2629:
2628:
2626:
2625:
2620:
2615:
2614:Monkey Madness
2612:
2609:
2605:
2603:
2599:
2598:
2596:
2595:
2592:
2586:
2584:
2580:
2579:
2577:
2576:
2571:
2566:
2561:
2560:Rotating Tower
2558:
2553:
2549:
2547:
2543:
2542:
2540:
2539:
2534:
2529:
2526:
2521:
2518:
2513:
2508:
2503:
2499:
2497:
2493:
2492:
2487:
2484:
2483:
2476:
2475:
2468:
2461:
2453:
2444:
2443:
2441:
2440:
2435:
2430:
2428:Wilderness Run
2425:
2423:Wicked Twister
2420:
2415:
2410:
2405:
2400:
2395:
2390:
2385:
2380:
2375:
2370:
2365:
2360:
2355:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2335:
2330:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2295:
2290:
2285:
2280:
2278:Incredicoaster
2275:
2270:
2265:
2263:The Giant Drop
2260:
2255:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2235:
2230:
2225:
2220:
2215:
2213:American Eagle
2210:
2208:Alpine Bobsled
2204:
2202:
2198:
2197:
2195:
2194:
2189:
2183:
2181:
2177:
2176:
2174:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2118:
2113:
2107:
2105:
2101:
2100:
2098:
2097:
2092:
2086:
2081:
2076:
2070:
2068:
2064:
2063:
2061:
2060:
2055:
2050:
2045:
2040:
2035:
2030:
2025:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1995:
1990:
1985:
1980:
1975:
1970:
1964:
1962:
1958:
1957:
1952:
1949:
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147:In Production
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99:November 2010
91:
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63:
60: –
59:
55:
54:Find sources:
48:
44:
38:
37:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
2611:Jungle Swing
2505:
2363:Storm Runner
2166:Super Splash
2146:Hyper Splash
2089:Polercoaster
2043:Wing Coaster
1883:Out and back
1868:Dual-tracked
1856:Track layout
1822:Steeplechase
1756:
1654:
1635:
1616:
1604:. Retrieved
1590:
1578:. Retrieved
1564:
1552:. Retrieved
1538:
1526:. Retrieved
1512:
1500:. Retrieved
1486:
1474:. Retrieved
1460:
1448:. Retrieved
1434:
1424:19 September
1422:. Retrieved
1408:
1396:. Retrieved
1382:
1370:. Retrieved
1356:
1344:. Retrieved
1330:
1318:. Retrieved
1304:
1292:. Retrieved
1281:
1268:
1256:. Retrieved
1247:
1235:. Retrieved
1226:
1214:. Retrieved
1185:. Retrieved
1154:. Retrieved
1149:
1118:Wing Coaster
1043:
997:
980:4D Free Spin
905:4D Free Spin
817:Terra MĂtica
754:4D Free Spin
684:4D Free Spin
601:4D Free Spin
566:4D Free Spin
511:4D Free Spin
453:Alton Towers
438:
432:
423:
401:
369:Terra MĂtica
358:
354:
322:
307:
302:C) Rack gear
275:Alan Schilke
264:
225:
208:
206:
120:
105:
96:
86:
79:
72:
65:
53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
2623:Sky Swatter
2608:Frog Hopper
2556:Double Shot
2552:Combo Tower
2293:Project 305
2156:Mega Splash
2084:Space Diver
2074:Accelerator
1580:18 November
1554:18 November
1528:18 November
1346:6 September
1274:Alvey, Robb
1216:18 November
1187:18 November
277:. In 2007,
2652:Categories
2574:Turbo Drop
2569:Space Shot
2438:Xcelerator
2233:Demon Drop
2161:Rapid Ride
2141:Gyro tower
2136:Gyro Swing
2126:Giant Drop
2116:Flume Ride
2048:Wing Rider
2023:Surf Rider
1993:Mine train
1983:LSM Launch
1903:Wild mouse
1787:Mine train
1320:7 February
1294:12 January
1237:24 January
1156:20 October
1129:References
998:Formerly X
930:Linnanmäki
857:Gröna Lund
449:The Smiler
377:Gröna Lund
375:opened at
365:Linnanmäki
69:newspapers
2633:Website:
2618:Sky Sling
2408:La Vibora
2378:Swiss Bob
2343:Sky Whirl
2338:Shockwave
2333:Possessed
2303:Kingda Ka
2131:Gyro Drop
2028:Suspended
1998:MotorBike
1973:Hot Racer
1863:Boomerang
1827:Suspended
1792:Motorbike
1772:Floorless
1715:Types of
1024:Operating
983:Operating
943:Operating
908:Operating
870:Operating
830:Operating
792:Operating
767:Eejanaika
757:Operating
722:Operating
697:Dinoconda
687:Operating
604:Operating
579:The Joker
569:Operating
514:Operating
435:inversion
416:in 2015.
389:DC Comics
345:Dinoconda
337:Eejanaika
325:Six Flags
2398:Toutatis
2383:Thirteen
2323:Pantheon
2313:Maverick
2228:Colossus
2223:Colossos
2218:The Claw
2192:Freefall
2095:Stand-up
2018:Spinning
1878:Launched
1873:Figure 8
1817:Stand-up
1812:Spinning
1797:Pipeline
1782:Inverted
1340:Archived
1288:Archived
1258:4 August
1150:Database
1112:See also
1096:La Ronde
2358:Stealth
2348:Skyrush
2328:Pegasus
2298:Jupiter
2243:El Toro
2079:Bobsled
2058:ZacSpin
1978:Impulse
1945:Intamin
1898:Twister
1893:Terrain
1888:Shuttle
1802:Powered
1762:Bobsled
1678:at the
1606:20 June
1502:20 June
1450:12 June
1336:"Media"
1072:Removed
1069:ZacSpin
1067:Intamin
958:Tumbili
940:ZacSpin
938:Intamin
867:ZacSpin
865:Intamin
827:ZacSpin
825:Intamin
806:Inferno
279:Intamin
222:History
184:Intamin
83:scholar
2590:Wooden
2288:Insane
2111:Bounty
2053:Wooden
1777:Flying
1741:Hybrid
1736:Wooden
1476:24 May
1398:19 May
1372:17 May
1152:. RCDB
845:Insane
545:Arashi
483:Image
478:Status
373:Insane
313:trains
285:Design
256:&
182:, and
143:Status
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
2308:Kirnu
2038:Water
1842:Water
1731:Steel
918:Kirnu
475:Model
472:Years
361:Kirnu
213:steel
90:JSTOR
76:books
2638:.com
1988:Mega
1968:Giga
1847:Wing
1767:Dive
1608:2021
1582:2010
1556:2010
1530:2010
1504:2021
1478:2012
1452:2012
1426:2015
1400:2015
1374:2013
1348:2017
1322:2022
1296:2013
1260:2023
1239:2012
1218:2010
1189:2010
1158:2010
469:Park
466:Name
156:2002
62:news
2636:s-s
451:at
412:at
383:as
363:at
162:No.
45:by
2654::
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1209:.
1197:^
1180:.
1166:^
1148:.
1136:^
993:X2
267:X2
250:,
244:,
238:,
232:,
207:A
167:18
2472:e
2465:t
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1937:e
1930:t
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193:4
112:)
106:(
101:)
97:(
87:·
80:·
73:·
66:·
39:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
