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to fulfill an order to keep a constant scouting party in the field. When
Douglas replied to the order to keep a constant scouting party in the field, which he wrote April 4, 1864, he stated a need for reinforcements for his small group of men. He repeated that request more urgently in August of 1864 when he reported that many of the residents of Mendocino county and the neighboring counties were Southern sympathizers. An officer of another unit had heard talk among them of taking the fort, its weapons and supplies if there was any rebellion in California against the federal government. Austin Wiley, the new Superintendent of Indian Affairs, restated this need in a letter he wrote to the army on October 4, 1864, resulting in Company A of the 1st Battalion of Native California Cavalry being ordered to Fort Wright on November 12. In April of 1865, one Round Valley resident publicly expressed satisfaction on hearing about Abraham Lincoln's assassination and another gave the
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all. The settler's livestock ate all the Yuki's crops. With winter coming, the natives' choice was to starve, steal cattle or leave the reservation, which was illegal. Many of them left anyway. Short also bought things for the reservation from the settlers on credit and never paid them. A month later
Douglas reported that the Short was preventing his only responsible employee from repairing the fences. Douglas hinted that the agent was trying to starve the Yuki into provoking a fight, providing a reason for their extermination. These recommendations were passed up the chain of command, with the comment that Douglas was an intelligent, observant officer. Then Sharp travelled to Washington DC. After this, General Wright revoked the martial law order and instructed that everything be returned to the condition it was in when Douglas entered the valley, except for liquor sales. That was still banned.
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to aid those sick and dying along the trail. A month later, on
October 30, he received a letter from the Adjutant General of the Department of the Pacific ordering him to let the Indian Agency handle all affairs related to the Native Americans when they were peaceful and only intervene with those that were warlike. Two weeks after this, on November 13, he received another letter from Sparrow Purdy, the officer who led the Konkow Maidu on the Trail of Tears, telling him use all means available to him to keep the natives on the reservation, especially telling him not to let whites interfere in the "domestic arrangements" of the native population. Purdy repeated these instructions a week later.
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enslaved farm laborers from the mountain tribes to kill as many whites as they could. The next day
Douglas arrested five of the plot's leaders and, based on testimony of settlers and Yuki people that confirmed their involvement, had all the natives in the valley assemble at the fort. He explained to them that if they would be "good indians," they would be cared for and protected. If not, then they suffer the same fate as these leaders. Then he had the men hanged. In his report he said that no natives from the reservation had been involved.
47:
In 1858, Second
Lieutenant Edward Dillard of the 6th U. S. Infantry established the Nome Cult Indian Agency as a temporary tent camp in the valley and supervised the troops garrisoned there. They abandoned it when they were withdrawn to Fort Bragg in July or September 1861. By this time, nearly 2,000
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In 1863 and 1864 the 14 Douglas kept his troops busy erected camp buildings with log walls and shingle roofs: two officers' quarters, barracks, a mess hall, bakery, hospital, guardhouse, storehouse and stables. They were so few and were so busy building camp structures that he couldn't spare troops
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and reported on
September 27, 1863, that the indian agent was grossly irresponsible in his reaction to the needs of the arriving Native Americans who were extremely sick with malaria. Douglas himself sent the fort's doctor to tend the neglected survivors and dispatched his small number of troops out
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and the settlers. James Short, the indian agent, had gotten his job because he was a friend of
Abraham Lincoln's, and his two sons were his assistants. They had either built such flimsy fencing to protect the Yuki's crops that the settlers' livestock easily broke it down, or they built no fencing at
91:
The following July 20, enslaved Yuki farm workers burned a settler's barn and hay. Settlers claimed it was part of a plot to kill all of them in the valley. Investigating this, Douglas found it to be true. The Yuki leader and three of his tribe, all enslaved, planned to work in concert with other
108:. This was reported to Douglas and in June he arrested these men along with two others and a female school teacher who stomped on the national flag when she heard about the assassination. The woman was released but the men were sent to San Francisco, eventually serving five days of hard labor at
82:
Upon arrival, Douglas shut down the only business selling whiskey, reconnoitered the valley, chose the permanent fort site and named it Fort Wright in honor of
General Wright. He then investigated the causes of the violence and suggested that the Indian Agency employees, who were the reservation
118:
June 17, 1875, the troops were withdrawn and the facilities transferred to the
Department of the Interior's Indian Service because of the stable, good relations with the natives in Round Valley. The land of the military reservation was divided into ten-acre allotments given to the natives.
52:
of the state's native people. Superintendent for Indian
Affairs for Northern California George N. Hanson urgently requested federal aid in protecting the peaceful survivors from these attacks. Brigadier General George Wright, the newly-promoted head of
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and then march to Round Valley. Difficulty finding a ship, becalmed, foggy seas, and heavy rains on the overland trek to Round Valley resulted in the troops not arriving there until December 11, 1862.
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It was designated a camp after the end of the Civil War. In 1869 they replaced the log barracks with an adobe building and established a military reservation that was one square mile.
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112:. Captain Douglas was still in charge of the fort on December 31, 1864, but by June 30 1865, James H. Delaney was in command there.
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April 7â11, 1863. Expedition from Fort Wright to Williams' Valley, California, with skirmish (Apr. 9th) in Williams' Valley.
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Native Americans living in Round Valley had been murdered. Many others had been enslaved under a California law allowing the
719:
Misc. doc. (United States. Congress. House); United States congressional serial set. Series I, Volume L. Part I, pp. 230-231
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Misc. doc. (United States. Congress. House); United States congressional serial set. Series I, Volume L. Part I, pp. 203-204
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Forts of the West; military forts and presidios, and posts commonly called forts, west of the Mississippi River to 1898
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682:. Internet Archive. New York : Macmillan ; London : Collier Macmillan. pp. 99â100.
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717:
The War of the Rebellion: a compilation of the official records of the Union and Confederate armies.
704:
The War of the Rebellion: a compilation of the official records of the Union and Confederate armies.
679:
Encyclopedia of historic forts : the military, pioneer, and trading posts of the United States
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The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies
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The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies
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8:
247:
24:
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Scott, Robert N., H. M. Lazelle, George B. Davis, Leslie J. Perry, Joseph W. Kirkley,
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Scott, Robert N., H. M. Lazelle, George B. Davis, Leslie J. Perry, Joseph W. Kirkley,
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310:"Timeline of Genocide Incidents in the Greater Mendocino Region â NAHC Digital Atlas"
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477:. Internet Archive. Norman : University of Oklahoma Press. p. 116.
288:. Internet Archive. Norman : University of Oklahoma Press. p. 109.
196:
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Charles D. Douglas, Second California Infantry, December 11, 1862 - June 1865
185:"He Unleashed a California Massacre. Should This School Be Named for Him?"
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Genocide and vendetta : the Round Valley wars of Northern California
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Genocide and vendetta : the Round Valley wars of Northern California
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271:. Internet Archive. Norman, University of Oklahoma Press. p. 34.
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ordered Captain Charles D. Douglas to lead his troops to march from
23:, about 1.5 miles (2.4 km) s northwest of the present town of
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authorities, were the source of the problems between the native
31:'s native inhabitants from the intrusions, thefts and murderous
401:. Internet Archive. Boulder, CO: Pruett Pub. Co. p. 37.
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July 20â26, 1863. Operations in Round Valley, California
27:. The principal duty of the garrison was to protect the
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227:"Early Military Posts of Mendocino County, California"
150:
1st Battalion of Native Cavalry, California Volunteers
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American Civil War forts and army posts in California
225:
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19:was an Army post located in the Round Valley of
368:. U.S. Government Printing Office. p. 250.
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281:
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143:2nd Regiment California Volunteer Infantry
59:2nd California Volunteer Infantry Regiment
42:
631:"An "unLincoln" story for Abe's birthday"
339:"George Wright ⢠Cullum's Register ⢠309"
471:Carranco, Lynwood; Beard, Estle (1981).
282:Carranco, Lynwood; Beard, Estle (1981).
778:History of Mendocino County, California
675:
628:
232:California Historical Society Quarterly
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362:Department, United States War (1897).
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203:from the original on October 27, 2021
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78:The fort and Native American affairs
629:LeBaron, Gaye (February 11, 1990).
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641:from the original on April 5, 2024
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460:. U.S. Government Printing Office.
320:from the original on April 4, 2024
224:Rogers, Fred B. (September 1948).
14:
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783:1862 establishments in California
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454:Dept, United States War (1902).
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398:Tour guide to old western forts
152:, November 1864 - February 1865
145:, December 11, 1862 - June 1865
95:Douglas witnessed California's
69:, travel from there by ship to
39:and state-sponsored massacres.
29:Round Valley Indian Reservation
388:
372:
355:
331:
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265:Frazer, Robert Walter (1965).
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635:The Santa Rosa Press-Democrat
183:Fuller, Thomas (2021-10-27).
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110:Alcatraz Federal Penitentiary
135:
122:
7:
676:Roberts, Robert B. (1988).
649:– via Newspapers.com.
10:
799:
395:Hart, Herbert M. (1980).
55:Department of the Pacific
662:The War of the Rebellion
615:The War of the Rebellion
602:. 1897. pp. 950â51.
599:The War of the Rebellion
583:The War of the Rebellion
564:The War of the Rebellion
548:The War of the Rebellion
532:The War of the Rebellion
516:The War of the Rebellion
500:The War of the Rebellion
440:The War of the Rebellion
427:. 1897. pp. 289â90.
424:The War of the Rebellion
586:. 1897. pp. 805â6.
43:Early military presence
665:. 1897. p. 1111.
618:. 1897. p. 1055.
381:Genocide and vendetta
343:penelope.uchicago.edu
744:39.8158°N 123.2653°W
567:. 1897. p. 684.
551:. 1897. p. 683.
535:. 1897. p. 672.
519:. 1897. p. 661.
503:. 1897. p. 629.
443:. 1897. p. 305.
384:. 1981. p. 107.
33:attacks of explorers
773:Forts in California
740: /
749:39.8158; -123.2653
254:– via JSTOR.
189:The New York Times
25:Covelo, California
689:978-0-02-926880-3
484:978-0-8061-1549-8
408:978-0-87108-568-9
295:978-0-8061-1549-8
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314:nahc.ca.gov
148:Company A,
141:Company F,
63:Fort Gaston
17:Fort Wright
762:Categories
732:39°48â˛57âłN
348:2024-04-04
324:2024-04-04
207:2024-04-04
170:References
157:Operations
106:rebel yell
71:Fort Bragg
197:0362-4331
136:Garrisons
123:Commander
50:indenture
645:April 5,
639:Archived
318:Archived
252:25156111
201:Archived
129:Captain
35:, some
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248:JSTOR
684:ISBN
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