553:. This group was dependent upon Fort Nisqually for provisions and supplies, unable to make the needed food themselves. Bartering was the norm, with agricultural produce accepted as payment. Squatters from the United States became a problem for Fort Nisqually. Twenty-eight separate attempts to take portions of the fort's land happened in 1851, jumping to 50 incidents two years later. The herds of Fort Nisqually became targeted as well, an officer reporting in 1854 that "two or three bands of Americans constantly about the plains killing our beef..." With the fur trade in decline and increasing harassment from American settlers, tax collectors, and revenue agents, Fort Nisqually closed in 1869. A former employee of Fort Nisqually,
1452:
140:
1834:
127:
705:
1459:
778:, and is closed to the public, except when opened as part of the Fort Nisqually celebration held each year. Logs mark the location of the original walls, but there are no buildings remaining. The only visible remnants of the original fort are a line of black locust trees, planted in the 1850s. DuPont's History Museum has information on the site plans and a collection of other items from the Hudson's Bay Company.
147:
755:
demonstration kitchen and kitchen garden. Fort
Nisqually has seen recent changes designed to capture its original character. These changes include, most significantly, the restoration of the Factor's House, as well as the relocation and restoration of the two 1830s era bastions. In addition, a section of the palisades wall is designed to replicate the 1847 era wall.
528:...an enclosure of fir logs, on an average eighteen feet high, enclosing a space one hundred fifty feet on each side and having a small unarmed bastion at the four corners. Inside is a house for the superintendent, a store for trading in furs and several small buildings for the lodging of servitors and voyageurs.
380:
and seven men to begin the construction of a permanent fort. Tolmie spent the year there and wrote about the region extensively. The men were dependent upon the surrounding native villages for sustenance because they were unable to find much game to hunt. Relations with neighboring
Indigenous people
758:
Archeology was conducted in 1988–89 to determine the placement, orientation and size of the northeast bastion and palisades wall. Hundreds of artifacts were discovered and catalogued and have been added to the historical record. In addition, much research has been conducted using the original
763:. Huggins was a clerk of the HBC who arrived in 1850. Huggins, originally a Londoner, eventually became an American citizen and homesteaded the land and buildings after it was abandoned by the HBC. He lived on the land until 1906, when he died of colon cancer. The restored fort is managed by
754:
Today, the restored Fort
Nisqually is a living history museum run by employees and volunteers. Two of the original buildings – the Factor's House and the Granary – remain. In addition, there is a trade store, working blacksmith shop, laborers' dwelling house,
419:, Englishmen and, in later years, a handful of Americans. Fort Nisqually grew from an obscure trading post to a major international trading establishment, despite not being a true military outpost. The fort's main export was beaver pelts that could be used for making a
1034:(includes also Fort Nisqually and Nisqually Farm, similar document by Charles W. Snell, Nisqually Farm document by Snell, and National Historic Landmark Nomination document by Maul, and other documents including maps, drawings, and photographs, 80 pages in total)
359:
Delta, in the present town of DuPont, Washington, Nisqually House was built in April 1832. It was a 15 by 20 feet warehouse. The staff was only three men with a few supplies left behind to manage it. It was notably the first
European trading post on the
350:
The new midway location was at
Nisqually, chosen for its excellent ship anchorage, its convenience for overland travel, the friendliness of local tribes and its prairies for grazing animals and growing crops. Located near the mouth of
503:
Tolmie was the manager of the PSAC from 1843 to 1857, overseeing the pastoral and agricultural projects from Fort
Nisqually. His tenure covered the transition from British to American control beginning in 1846 as result of the
488:. The herds of cattle, originally from Mexico, numbered over 2,000 in 1845 and supplied many of the HBC forts in the region. The sheep herds maintained were "aristocrats of the wool breeds", being composed of mixtures of
1478:
2018:
1376:
1321:
1421:
1401:
1331:
1416:
1396:
1386:
1366:
1346:
1311:
1306:
1286:
1229:
1436:
1431:
1411:
1406:
1371:
1356:
1296:
1291:
1276:
1441:
1391:
1381:
1341:
1326:
1271:
1266:
1261:
1361:
1351:
1316:
1301:
1281:
1256:
1426:
1336:
473:
chose Fort
Nisqually as their final destination. The station was removed in 1843 to be closer to Edmonds Marsh and Sequalitchew Creek, putting it in proximity of a water source and timber.
1958:
1246:
1238:
340:
1222:
770:
The 1833 location is on The Home Course golf course in DuPont. The 1843 location in DuPont, where the buildings now at Point
Defiance were originally located, is owned by
1988:
1215:
1963:
1473:
549:, which left Fort Nisqually on American soil. Early American settlers around Puget Sound began arriving in numbers during the 1850s to claim land authorized by the
2013:
1993:
512:. He was well respected because of his experience with the region and maintained friendly relations with the British, Indigenous peoples and American settlers.
500:
breeds. The flocks numbered almost 6,000 in 1845, doubled in size by 1849 but began a decrease of numbers until by 1856 the station had a little over 5,000.
842:(text from pages 24 to 49 included within same scanned PDF file as other documents cited, additional accompanying pages include drawings, photographs, maps)
177:
2008:
855:
382:
1501:
1496:
427:. Over the time Fort Nisqually functioned as a trading post, about 5,000 beaver, 3,000 muskrat, 2,000 raccoon and 1,500 river otter furs were collected.
2023:
787:
339:
Portage, an overland and shortcut route, was soon created, and thus a vital link between the two forts was established. After the attack and murder of
739:
and the factor's house, were moved from their original locations. The remainder had fallen into decay and were not relocated to Point
Defiance.
884:
1983:
1544:
299:. Built in 1843, the granary is the oldest building in Washington state and one of the only surviving examples of a Hudson's Bay Company "
466:
347:
village, killing twenty-seven people ), it was determined a fort located at a halfway point was needed for safety and security reasons.
139:
1192:
457:
were attached to the new venture, though it remained staffed and managed by HBC personnel. In 1841 mostly Métis families from the
1506:
461:
were hired by the PSAC to become pastoralists and farmers upon its two stations. After traveling overland to Fort
Vancouver with
1998:
1978:
323:. Forts would be built in the District at central fur gathering locations, accessible to a large number of tribes. In 1824,
303:" structure. The Factor's House and the granary are the only surviving Hudson's Bay Company buildings in the United States.
1973:
104:
34:
1622:
1652:
1207:
1953:
1537:
442:
436:
1667:
1149:
Washington, West of the Cascades: Historical and Descriptive; the Explorers, the Indians, the Pioneers, the Modern
1877:
863:
1172:
Lives Lived West of the Divide: A Biographical Dictionary of Fur Traders Working West of the Rockies, 1793-1858
1044:
771:
404:
1918:
1872:
1197:
732:
521:
720:
in Tacoma, Washington, approximately 15 miles from the original fort. The restoration was part of President
1857:
1530:
601:
1778:
1728:
462:
1186:
476:
Fort Nisqually started to export livestock and crops for local consumption and export to principally to
1768:
743:
296:
113:
1738:
1723:
1718:
1174:, Okanagan: The Centre for Social, Spatial and Economic Justice of the University of British Columbia
775:
1029:
837:
1708:
446:
814:"National Historic Landmark Nomination: Granary at Fort Nisqually / New Granary at Fort Nisqually"
2003:
1968:
1758:
1682:
1567:
1006:"National Survey of Historic Sites and Buildings: The Granary and Factor's House, Fort Nisqually"
550:
312:
260:
1592:
716:
In the 1930s a decision was made to build a reconstruction of Fort Nisqually in a new location:
1923:
1842:
1833:
1743:
1491:
493:
276:
1733:
1713:
1672:
1511:
1121:
1016:
1005:
824:
813:
721:
672:
659:
646:
542:
377:
1753:
343:
and four men in his party on this route (in revenge for which the HBC leveled an unrelated
1202:
445:(PSAC) was formed as a subsidiary of the HBC to meet its contractual obligations with the
8:
1577:
1554:
717:
546:
284:
268:
1948:
1913:
1897:
1804:
1703:
1237:
1110:
1082:
764:
386:
373:
352:
280:
272:
165:
57:
1637:
412:
223:
70:
1814:
1763:
1147:
481:
450:
316:
1809:
1773:
1102:
728:
470:
458:
408:
1794:
1748:
1632:
509:
497:
485:
401:
356:
400:
Fort Nisqually was operated and served by Scottish gentlemen, Native Americans,
1887:
1799:
1662:
1139:
Farming the Frontier, the Agricultural Opening of the Oregon Country 1786-1846.
1073:
Bagley, Clarence B. (1915), "Journal of Occurrences at Nisqually House, 1833",
760:
685:
554:
477:
390:
324:
320:
300:
1093:
Beidleman, Richard G. (1958), "Early Fur Returns from the Pacific Northwest",
1942:
1677:
1627:
538:
505:
489:
192:
179:
126:
1892:
1698:
1607:
1602:
1597:
541:
between the United States and Great Britain established the border between
454:
394:
344:
336:
332:
328:
1522:
704:
1882:
1867:
1862:
1657:
1647:
416:
361:
319:
to oversee its operations in what was known by American interests as the
264:
1086:
2019:
Forts on the National Register of Historic Places in Washington (state)
1114:
709:
557:, became an American citizen and took over the site as his homestead.
1612:
256:
1106:
1617:
1239:
National Register of Historic Places listings in Washington (state)
724:
1157:
Sperlin, O.B. (1917), "Washington Forts of the Fur Trade Regime",
1124:(1950), "The British and Americans at Fort Nisqually, 1846-1859",
735:
and the Tacoma Businessmen's Association. Only two buildings, the
295:
from the original site of the second fort to this park, is a U.S.
1819:
736:
424:
327:
was built a few miles from the Columbia River to the south, and
420:
381:
began to deepen, the officers of the post meeting with Chief
1959:
National Register of Historic Places in Tacoma, Washington
1193:
DuPont Museum's articles on both Fort Nisqually locations
727:
program, which provided jobs to a nation stricken by the
1141:, Vancouver, B.C.: University of British Columbia Press
939:
937:
935:
933:
931:
929:
927:
925:
895:
985:
949:
922:
912:
910:
1497:
History of the National Register of Historic Places
1152:, vol. 1, Seattle: S. J. Clarke Publishing Co.
961:
430:
973:
788:List of the oldest buildings in Washington (state)
1964:National Historic Landmarks in Washington (state)
907:
1940:
1101:(1), American Society of Mammalogists: 146–147,
1003:
1989:Hudson's Bay Company forts in the United States
2014:Buildings and structures in Tacoma, Washington
1994:Military and war museums in Washington (state)
1538:
1223:
889:Chief Seattle and the Town That Took His Name
2009:Pre-statehood history of Washington (state)
1552:
759:journals as well as hundreds of letters of
1545:
1531:
1230:
1216:
1145:
901:
860:National Historic Landmark summary listing
811:
807:
805:
803:
742:The Fort Nisqually Granary was declared a
731:. The effort was funded and backed by the
372:One year later, in May 1833, Chief Trader
315:expanded to the west coast by forming the
125:
2024:1833 establishments in the British Empire
1120:
1092:
955:
943:
524:described the station in 1843 as having:
267:area, part of the Hudson's Bay Company's
105:U.S. National Register of Historic Places
35:U.S. National Register of Historic Places
1146:Hunt, Herbert; Kaylor, Floyd C. (1917),
1081:(3), University of Washington: 179–197,
997:
850:
848:
703:
1156:
979:
862:. National Park Service. Archived from
800:
1941:
1169:
1165:(2), University of Washington: 103–113
1136:
1132:(2), University of Washington: 109–120
1072:
1004:Charles W. Snell (February 16, 1967).
991:
967:
916:
883:
146:
1526:
1211:
845:
1984:Living museums in Washington (state)
1187:Fort Nisqually Living History Museum
1159:The Washington Historical Quarterly
1075:The Washington Historical Quarterly
13:
14:
2035:
1180:
443:Pugets Sound Agricultural Company
437:Pugets Sound Agricultural Company
389:in 1833. Trading with the nearby
271:. It was located in what is now
1832:
1457:
1450:
1203:Edward Huggins papers, 1850-1905
532:
431:Puget Sound Agricultural Company
283:, USA, within the boundaries of
145:
138:
1126:The Pacific Northwest Quarterly
1065:
1037:
114:U.S. National Historic Landmark
877:
772:The Archaeological Conservancy
699:
515:
218:
193:47.303396000°N 122.533052000°W
65:
1:
1999:History of Tacoma, Washington
1979:Museums in Tacoma, Washington
812:David Maul (September 1993).
749:
560:
545:and the United States at the
367:
306:
793:
708:The restored Fort Nisqually
397:developed in the same year.
198:47.303396000; -122.533052000
86:United States historic place
16:United States historic place
7:
1974:Forts in Washington (state)
1474:National Historic Landmarks
1198:Biography of Edward Huggins
781:
355:on the plains north of the
10:
2040:
1769:Pierre-Chrysologue Pambrun
744:National Historic Landmark
434:
297:National Historic Landmark
1906:
1850:
1841:
1830:
1787:
1724:Alexander Roderick McLeod
1691:
1585:
1576:
1563:
1487:
1466:
1448:
1245:
1170:Watson, Bruce M. (2010),
1137:Gibson, James R. (1985),
776:DuPont Historical Society
331:was built in 1827 on the
242:
234:
229:
217:NRHP reference
216:
208:
171:
159:
133:
124:
120:
111:
102:
95:
91:
76:
64:NRHP reference
63:
53:
45:
41:
32:
25:
21:
1954:North Tacoma, Washington
1570:in the Pacific Northwest
1011:. National Park Service.
856:"Fort Nisqually Granary"
819:. National Park Service.
447:Russian-American Company
259:and farming post of the
1759:William Alexander Mouat
1683:Willamette Trading Post
712:at Point Defiance Park.
551:Donation Land Claim Act
291:, moved along with the
1843:New Caledonia District
1492:Keeper of the Register
1024:Cite journal requires
902:Hunt & Kaylor 1917
832:Cite journal requires
713:
530:
289:Fort Nisqually Granary
97:Fort Nisqually Granary
1734:William Henry McNeill
1714:William Fraser Tolmie
1608:Fort George (Astoria)
1512:Contributing property
707:
673:William Fraser Tolmie
660:William Fraser Tolmie
647:William Fraser Tolmie
624:William Henry McNeill
602:Alexander C. Anderson
543:British North America
526:
453:. Fort Nisqually and
441:Founded in 1840, the
378:William Fraser Tolmie
1754:John McLoughlin, Jr.
1095:Journal of Mammalogy
722:Franklin Roosevelt's
520:Catholic missionary
313:Hudson's Bay Company
261:Hudson's Bay Company
212:726 square feet
49:NW of Dupont off I-5
1578:Columbia Department
1556:Columbia Department
1479:Bridges and Tunnels
718:Point Defiance Park
285:Point Defiance Park
269:Columbia Department
243:Designated NHL
189: /
163:Point Defiance Park
27:Fort Nisqually Site
1914:Peter Warren Dease
1868:Fort Durham (Taku)
1805:Michel Laframboise
1704:Roderick Finlayson
1122:Galbraith, John S.
1049:Metro Parks Tacoma
765:Metro Parks Tacoma
714:
374:Archibald McDonald
353:Sequalitchew Creek
341:Alexander McKenzie
335:to the north. The
281:Tacoma, Washington
279:museum located in
273:DuPont, Washington
166:Tacoma, Washington
58:DuPont, Washington
1936:
1935:
1932:
1931:
1828:
1827:
1815:Ovide de Montigny
1764:Peter Skene Ogden
1520:
1519:
1507:Historic district
697:
696:
482:Kingdom of Hawaii
467:emigrant families
451:RAC-HBC Agreement
393:and more distant
317:Columbia District
275:. Today it is a
255:was an important
250:
249:
230:Significant dates
84:
83:
2031:
1919:William Connolly
1851:Company Stations
1848:
1847:
1836:
1774:Francois Payette
1586:Company Stations
1583:
1582:
1557:
1547:
1540:
1533:
1524:
1523:
1461:
1460:
1454:
1453:
1232:
1225:
1218:
1209:
1208:
1175:
1166:
1153:
1142:
1133:
1117:
1089:
1059:
1058:
1056:
1055:
1045:"Fort Nisqually"
1041:
1035:
1033:
1027:
1022:
1020:
1012:
1010:
1001:
995:
989:
983:
977:
971:
965:
959:
953:
947:
941:
920:
914:
905:
899:
893:
892:
881:
875:
874:
872:
871:
852:
843:
841:
835:
830:
828:
820:
818:
809:
774:, is managed by
729:Great Depression
565:
564:
471:Red River colony
459:Red River colony
409:French-Canadians
220:
204:
203:
201:
200:
199:
194:
190:
187:
186:
185:
184:122°31′58.9872″W
182:
149:
148:
142:
129:
89:
88:
80:October 16, 1974
67:
19:
18:
2039:
2038:
2034:
2033:
2032:
2030:
2029:
2028:
1939:
1938:
1937:
1928:
1902:
1858:Fort Alexandria
1837:
1824:
1795:Pierre Belleque
1783:
1749:John McLoughlin
1687:
1638:Fort Nez Percés
1633:Fort McLoughlin
1572:
1559:
1555:
1551:
1521:
1516:
1483:
1462:
1458:
1456:
1455:
1451:
1446:
1248:
1241:
1236:
1189:- official site
1183:
1178:
1107:10.2307/1376620
1068:
1063:
1062:
1053:
1051:
1043:
1042:
1038:
1025:
1023:
1014:
1013:
1008:
1002:
998:
994:, p. 1073.
990:
986:
978:
974:
966:
962:
954:
950:
942:
923:
915:
908:
900:
896:
882:
878:
869:
867:
854:
853:
846:
833:
831:
822:
821:
816:
810:
801:
796:
784:
752:
702:
614:Joseph T. Heath
590:William Kittson
563:
535:
518:
510:Puget Sound War
486:Alta California
439:
433:
370:
357:Nisqually River
309:
197:
195:
191:
188:
183:
181:47°18′12.2256″N
180:
178:
176:
175:
164:
155:
154:
153:
152:
151:
150:
116:
107:
98:
87:
37:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2037:
2027:
2026:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2004:Point Defiance
2001:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1976:
1971:
1969:Oregon Country
1966:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1934:
1933:
1930:
1929:
1927:
1926:
1921:
1916:
1910:
1908:
1904:
1903:
1901:
1900:
1895:
1890:
1888:Fort St. James
1885:
1880:
1875:
1870:
1865:
1860:
1854:
1852:
1845:
1839:
1838:
1831:
1829:
1826:
1825:
1823:
1822:
1817:
1812:
1810:Étienne Lucier
1807:
1802:
1800:Joseph Gervais
1797:
1791:
1789:
1785:
1784:
1782:
1781:
1779:Alexander Ross
1776:
1771:
1766:
1761:
1756:
1751:
1746:
1741:
1736:
1731:
1729:James McMillan
1726:
1721:
1716:
1711:
1706:
1701:
1695:
1693:
1689:
1688:
1686:
1685:
1680:
1675:
1670:
1665:
1663:Fort Vancouver
1660:
1655:
1650:
1645:
1643:Fort Nisqually
1640:
1635:
1630:
1625:
1620:
1615:
1610:
1605:
1600:
1595:
1589:
1587:
1580:
1574:
1573:
1568:HBC operations
1564:
1561:
1560:
1550:
1549:
1542:
1535:
1527:
1518:
1517:
1515:
1514:
1509:
1504:
1502:Property types
1499:
1494:
1488:
1485:
1484:
1482:
1481:
1476:
1470:
1468:
1464:
1463:
1449:
1447:
1445:
1444:
1439:
1434:
1429:
1424:
1419:
1414:
1409:
1404:
1399:
1394:
1389:
1384:
1379:
1374:
1369:
1364:
1359:
1354:
1349:
1344:
1339:
1334:
1329:
1324:
1319:
1314:
1309:
1304:
1299:
1294:
1289:
1284:
1279:
1274:
1269:
1264:
1259:
1253:
1251:
1243:
1242:
1235:
1234:
1227:
1220:
1212:
1206:
1205:
1200:
1195:
1190:
1182:
1181:External links
1179:
1177:
1176:
1167:
1154:
1143:
1134:
1118:
1090:
1069:
1067:
1064:
1061:
1060:
1036:
1026:|journal=
996:
984:
972:
960:
956:Beidleman 1958
948:
944:Galbraith 1950
921:
906:
894:
876:
844:
834:|journal=
798:
797:
795:
792:
791:
790:
783:
780:
761:Edward Huggins
751:
748:
701:
698:
695:
694:
691:
688:
686:Edward Huggins
682:
681:
678:
675:
669:
668:
665:
662:
656:
655:
652:
649:
643:
642:
639:
636:
635:Angus McDonald
632:
631:
628:
625:
621:
620:
617:
615:
611:
610:
607:
604:
598:
597:
594:
591:
587:
586:
583:
580:
576:
575:
572:
569:
562:
559:
555:Edward Huggins
534:
531:
517:
514:
478:Russian Alaska
463:James Sinclair
435:Main article:
432:
429:
391:Puyallup tribe
376:returned with
369:
366:
325:Fort Vancouver
321:Oregon Country
308:
305:
301:post-and-plank
293:Factor's House
277:living history
253:Fort Nisqually
248:
247:
246:April 15, 1970
244:
240:
239:
238:April 15, 1970
236:
232:
231:
227:
226:
221:
214:
213:
210:
206:
205:
173:
169:
168:
161:
157:
156:
144:
143:
137:
136:
135:
134:
131:
130:
122:
121:
118:
117:
112:
109:
108:
103:
100:
99:
96:
93:
92:
85:
82:
81:
78:
74:
73:
68:
61:
60:
55:
51:
50:
47:
43:
42:
39:
38:
33:
30:
29:
26:
23:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2036:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1977:
1975:
1972:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1946:
1944:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1911:
1909:
1905:
1899:
1896:
1894:
1891:
1889:
1886:
1884:
1881:
1879:
1876:
1874:
1871:
1869:
1866:
1864:
1861:
1859:
1856:
1855:
1853:
1849:
1846:
1844:
1840:
1835:
1821:
1818:
1816:
1813:
1811:
1808:
1806:
1803:
1801:
1798:
1796:
1793:
1792:
1790:
1786:
1780:
1777:
1775:
1772:
1770:
1767:
1765:
1762:
1760:
1757:
1755:
1752:
1750:
1747:
1745:
1742:
1740:
1737:
1735:
1732:
1730:
1727:
1725:
1722:
1720:
1717:
1715:
1712:
1710:
1709:James Douglas
1707:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1697:
1696:
1694:
1690:
1684:
1681:
1679:
1678:Spokane House
1676:
1674:
1671:
1669:
1668:Fort Victoria
1666:
1664:
1661:
1659:
1656:
1654:
1651:
1649:
1646:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1628:Fort Okanogan
1626:
1624:
1621:
1619:
1618:Fort Kamloops
1616:
1614:
1611:
1609:
1606:
1604:
1601:
1599:
1596:
1594:
1591:
1590:
1588:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1575:
1571:
1569:
1562:
1558:
1548:
1543:
1541:
1536:
1534:
1529:
1528:
1525:
1513:
1510:
1508:
1505:
1503:
1500:
1498:
1495:
1493:
1490:
1489:
1486:
1480:
1477:
1475:
1472:
1471:
1469:
1465:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1435:
1433:
1430:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1415:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1405:
1403:
1400:
1398:
1395:
1393:
1390:
1388:
1385:
1383:
1380:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1370:
1368:
1365:
1363:
1360:
1358:
1355:
1353:
1350:
1348:
1345:
1343:
1340:
1338:
1335:
1333:
1330:
1328:
1325:
1323:
1320:
1318:
1315:
1313:
1310:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1295:
1293:
1290:
1288:
1285:
1283:
1280:
1278:
1275:
1273:
1270:
1268:
1265:
1263:
1260:
1258:
1255:
1254:
1252:
1250:
1244:
1240:
1233:
1228:
1226:
1221:
1219:
1214:
1213:
1210:
1204:
1201:
1199:
1196:
1194:
1191:
1188:
1185:
1184:
1173:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1155:
1151:
1150:
1144:
1140:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1091:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1071:
1070:
1050:
1046:
1040:
1031:
1018:
1007:
1000:
993:
988:
981:
976:
970:, p. 60.
969:
964:
957:
952:
945:
940:
938:
936:
934:
932:
930:
928:
926:
918:
913:
911:
904:, p. 29.
903:
898:
890:
886:
885:Buerge, David
880:
866:on 2008-04-14
865:
861:
857:
851:
849:
839:
826:
815:
808:
806:
804:
799:
789:
786:
785:
779:
777:
773:
768:
766:
762:
756:
747:
745:
740:
738:
734:
730:
726:
723:
719:
711:
706:
692:
689:
687:
684:
683:
679:
676:
674:
671:
670:
666:
663:
661:
658:
657:
653:
650:
648:
645:
644:
640:
637:
634:
633:
629:
626:
623:
622:
618:
616:
613:
612:
608:
605:
603:
600:
599:
595:
592:
589:
588:
584:
581:
579:Francis Heron
578:
577:
573:
570:
567:
566:
558:
556:
552:
548:
547:49th parallel
544:
540:
533:Oregon Treaty
529:
525:
523:
513:
511:
507:
506:Oregon Treaty
501:
499:
495:
491:
487:
483:
479:
474:
472:
468:
464:
460:
456:
452:
448:
444:
438:
428:
426:
422:
418:
414:
410:
406:
403:
398:
396:
392:
388:
384:
379:
375:
365:
363:
358:
354:
348:
346:
342:
338:
334:
330:
326:
322:
318:
314:
304:
302:
298:
294:
290:
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
266:
262:
258:
254:
245:
241:
237:
235:Added to NRHP
233:
228:
225:
222:
215:
211:
207:
202:
174:
170:
167:
162:
158:
141:
132:
128:
123:
119:
115:
110:
106:
101:
94:
90:
79:
77:Added to NRHP
75:
72:
69:
62:
59:
56:
52:
48:
44:
40:
36:
31:
24:
20:
1893:Fort Stikine
1739:Thomas McKay
1719:Thomas McKay
1699:James Birnie
1673:Fort William
1653:Fort Simpson
1642:
1623:Fort Langley
1603:Cowlitz Farm
1598:Fort Colvile
1565:
1377:Pend Oreille
1322:Grays Harbor
1171:
1162:
1158:
1148:
1138:
1129:
1125:
1098:
1094:
1078:
1074:
1066:Bibliography
1052:. Retrieved
1048:
1039:
1017:cite journal
999:
987:
980:Sperlin 1917
975:
963:
951:
897:
888:
879:
868:. Retrieved
864:the original
859:
825:cite journal
769:
757:
753:
741:
715:
677:Chief Factor
664:Chief Trader
627:Chief Trader
582:Chief Trader
536:
527:
519:
502:
475:
455:Cowlitz Farm
440:
417:West Indians
399:
371:
349:
333:Fraser River
329:Fort Langley
310:
292:
288:
252:
251:
54:Nearest city
1924:John Stuart
1883:Fort McLeod
1878:Fort George
1873:Fort Fraser
1863:Fort Babine
1744:John McLeod
1658:Fort Umpqua
1648:Fort Rupert
1467:Other lists
1427:Walla Walla
992:Watson 2010
968:Gibson 1985
917:Bagley 1915
700:Restoration
522:Jean Bolduc
516:Description
387:Steilacooms
362:Puget Sound
265:Puget Sound
257:fur trading
196: /
172:Coordinates
1943:Categories
1898:Fort Yukon
1593:Fort Boise
1054:2022-03-24
870:2008-06-26
750:Modern use
710:blockhouse
693:1859-1870
680:1855-1859
667:1847-1855
654:1843-1847
641:1842-1843
638:postmaster
630:1841-1842
609:1840-1841
596:1834-1840
585:1833-1834
561:Management
395:S'Klallams
368:Operations
307:Foundation
1949:Fur trade
1613:Fort Hall
1566:Historic
1422:Wahkiakum
1402:Snohomish
1332:Jefferson
1249:by county
794:Citations
746:in 1970.
537:The 1846
498:Southdown
494:Leicester
469:from the
383:Gray Head
345:S'Klallam
1907:Officers
1788:Laborers
1692:Officers
1417:Thurston
1397:Skamania
1387:San Juan
1367:Okanogan
1347:Kittitas
1312:Garfield
1307:Franklin
1287:Columbia
1087:40474397
887:(2017).
782:See also
725:New Deal
571:Position
508:and the
402:Hawaiian
224:70000647
160:Location
71:74001971
46:Location
1820:Naukane
1437:Whitman
1432:Whatcom
1412:Stevens
1407:Spokane
1372:Pacific
1357:Lincoln
1297:Douglas
1292:Cowlitz
1277:Clallam
1115:1376620
737:granary
574:Tenure
568:Manager
490:Chevoit
449:in the
425:top hat
405:Kanakas
385:of the
337:Cowlitz
287:. The
263:in the
1442:Yakima
1392:Skagit
1382:Pierce
1342:Kitsap
1327:Island
1272:Chelan
1267:Benton
1262:Asotin
1113:
1085:
539:treaty
480:, the
423:-pelt
421:beaver
1362:Mason
1352:Lewis
1317:Grant
1302:Ferry
1282:Clark
1257:Adams
1247:Lists
1111:JSTOR
1083:JSTOR
1009:(pdf)
817:(pdf)
690:clerk
651:clerk
619:1841
606:clerk
593:clerk
465:, 14
413:Métis
1553:The
1337:King
1030:help
838:help
496:and
484:and
311:The
209:Area
1103:doi
733:WPA
219:No.
66:No.
1945::
1161:,
1130:41
1128:,
1109:,
1099:39
1097:,
1077:,
1047:.
1021::
1019:}}
1015:{{
924:^
909:^
858:.
847:^
829::
827:}}
823:{{
802:^
767:.
492:,
415:,
411:,
407:,
364:.
1546:e
1539:t
1532:v
1231:e
1224:t
1217:v
1163:8
1105::
1079:6
1057:.
1032:)
1028:(
982:.
958:.
946:.
919:.
891:.
873:.
840:)
836:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
