Bank - Knowledge

4648:, have allowed banks to extend their reach all over the world since they no longer have to be near customers to manage both their finances and their risk. The growth in cross-border activities has also increased the demand for banks that can provide various services across borders to different nationalities. Despite these reductions in barriers and growth in cross-border activities, the banking industry is nowhere near as globalised as some other industries. In the US, for instance, very few banks even worry about the Riegle–Neal Act, which promotes more efficient interstate banking. In the vast majority of nations around the globe, the market share for foreign owned banks is currently less than a tenth of all market shares for banks in a particular nation. One reason the banking industry has not been fully globalised is that it is more convenient to have local banks provide loans to small businesses and individuals. On the other hand, for large corporations, it is not as important in what nation the bank is in since the corporation's financial information is available around the globe. 3879: 4097:: in Europe, savings banks took their roots in the 19th or sometimes even in the 18th century. Their original objective was to provide easily accessible savings products to all strata of the population. In some countries, savings banks were created on public initiative; in others, socially committed individuals created foundations to put in place the necessary infrastructure. Nowadays, European savings banks have kept their focus on retail banking: payments, savings products, credits, and insurances for individuals or small and medium-sized enterprises. Apart from this retail focus, they also differ from commercial banks by their broadly decentralised distribution network, providing local and regional outreach – and by their socially responsible approach to business and society. 4391: 2357: 2184: 3767: 1853: 1841:, and the bank is to restore, not the same money, but an equivalent sum, whenever it is demanded and money, when paid into a bank, ceases altogether to be the money of the principal (see Parker v. Marchant, 1 Phillips 360); it is then the money of the banker, who is bound to return an equivalent, by paying a similar sum to that deposited with him, when he is asked for it. The goldsmith paid interest on deposits. Since the promissory notes were payable on demand, and the advances (loans) to the goldsmith's customers were repayable over a longer time-period, this was an early form of 2926:– banks borrow more on demand debt and short term debt, but provide more long-term loans. In other words, they borrow short and lend long. With a stronger credit quality than most other borrowers, banks can do this by aggregating issues (e.g. accepting deposits and issuing banknotes) and redemptions (e.g. withdrawals and redemption of banknotes), maintaining reserves of cash, investing in marketable securities that can be readily converted to cash if needed, and raising replacement funding as needed from various sources (e.g. wholesale cash markets and securities markets). 3971: 1785: 4175: 4448: 4432:

burden with an increased workload and more banks per regulator. While banks struggle to keep up with the changes in the regulatory environment, regulators struggle to manage their workload and effectively regulate their banks. The impact of these changes is that banks are receiving less hands-on assessment by the regulators, less time spent with each institution, and the potential for more problems slipping through the cracks, potentially resulting in an overall increase in bank failures across the United States.

1002: 1979: 70: 2867: 4260: 2029:. When looking at these definitions it is important to keep in mind that they are defining the business of banking for the purposes of the legislation, and not necessarily in general. In particular, most of the definitions are from legislation that has the purpose of regulating and supervising banks rather than regulating the actual business of banking. However, in many cases, the statutory definition closely mirrors the common law one. Examples of statutory definitions: 1664: 4597:(liability) account in his ledger every time he spends money (and the account is normally in credit). When the customer reads his bank statement, the statement will show a credit to the account for deposits, and debits for withdrawals of funds. The customer with a positive balance will see this balance reflected as a credit balance on the bank statement. If the customer is overdrawn, he will have a negative balance, reflected as a debit balance on the bank statement. 2073: 5314: 2377: 928: 948: 5326: 3990: 3957: 4319: 1994: 4568: 938: 2946: 3945: 1701: 4003: 4618:" as it is sometimes called, puts a bank in a difficult and sometimes risky position, as the funds must be lent or invested in a way that yields a return sufficient to pay the high interest being paid on the brokered deposits. This may result in risky decisions and even in eventual failure of the bank. Banks which failed during 2008 and 2009 in the United States during the 4436:

challenge for banks to effectively set their growth strategies with the recent economic market. A rising interest rate environment may seem to help financial institutions, but the effect of the changes on consumers and businesses is not predictable and the challenge remains for banks to grow and effectively manage the spread to generate a return to their shareholders.

2064:, the cheque has lost its primacy in most banking systems as a payment instrument. This has led legal theorists to suggest that the cheque based definition should be broadened to include financial institutions that conduct current accounts for customers and enable customers to pay and be paid by third parties, even if they do not pay and collect cheques . 2858:(CoCos). These are hybrid capital securities that absorb losses in accordance with their contractual terms when the capital of the issuing bank falls below a certain level. Then debt is reduced and bank capitalisation gets a boost. Owing to their capacity to absorb losses, CoCos have the potential to satisfy regulatory capital requirement. 4428:(FFIEC) was established in 1979 as a formal inter-agency body empowered to prescribe uniform principles, standards, and report forms for the federal examination of financial institutions. Although the FFIEC has resulted in a greater degree of regulatory consistency between the agencies, the rules and regulations are constantly changing. 3004:

of the total, 56% in 2008–2009, down from 61% in the previous year. Asian banks' share increased from 12% to 14% during the year, while the share of US banks increased from 11% to 13%. Fee revenue generated by global investment in banking totalled US$ 66.3 billion in 2009, up 12% on the previous year.

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Assets of the largest 1,000 banks in the world grew by 6.8% in the 2008–2009 financial year to a record US$ 96.4 trillion while profits declined by 85% to US$ 115 billion. Growth in assets in adverse market conditions was largely a result of recapitalisation. EU banks held the largest share

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includes a body of persons, whether incorporated or not, who carry on the business of banking' (Section 2, Interpretation). Although this definition seems circular, it is actually functional, because it ensures that the legal basis for bank transactions such as cheques does not depend on how the bank

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In addition to changing regulations, changes in the industry have led to consolidations within the Federal Reserve, FDIC, OTS, and OCC. Offices have been closed, supervisory regions have been merged, staff levels have been reduced and budgets have been cut. The remaining regulators face an increased

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These implied contractual terms may be modified by express agreement between the customer and the bank. The statutes and regulations in force within a particular jurisdiction may also modify the above terms or create new rights, obligations, or limitations relevant to the bank-customer relationship.

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The changing economic environment has a significant impact on banks and thrifts as they struggle to effectively manage their interest rate spread in the face of low rates on loans, rate competition for deposits and the general market changes, industry trends and economic fluctuations. It has been a

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The United States has the most banks in the world in terms of institutions (5,330 as of 2015) and possibly branches (81,607 as of 2015). This is an indicator of the geography and regulatory structure of the US, resulting in a large number of small to medium-sized institutions in its banking system.

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Banks also face a host of other challenges such as ageing ownership groups. Across the country, many banks' management teams and boards of directors are ageing. Banks also face ongoing pressure from shareholders, both public and private, to achieve earnings and growth projections. Regulators place

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Between 1985 and 2018 banks engaged in around 28,798 mergers or acquisitions, either as the acquirer or the target company. The overall known value of these deals cumulates to around 5,169 bil. USD. In terms of value, there have been two major waves (1999 and 2007) which both peaked at around 460

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Banks issue new money when they make loans. In contemporary banking systems, regulators set a minimum level of reserve funds that banks must hold against the deposit liabilities created by the funding of these loans, in order to ensure that the banks can meet demands for payment of such deposits.

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who deposit large sums of money on behalf of investors through trust corporations. This money will generally go to the banks which offer the most favourable terms, often better than those offered local depositors. It is possible for a bank to engage in business with no local deposits at all, all

2033:"banking business" means the business of receiving money on current or deposit account, paying and collecting cheques drawn by or paid in by customers, the making of advances to customers, and includes such other business as the Authority may prescribe for the purposes of this Act; (Banking Act ( 5724:

the promissory note originated as a receipt given by the goldsmith for money, which he took charge of for a customer but was not allowed to use. Such a note was relly a warehouse voucher which could not be assigned. When, however, it became a receipt for a money deposit, which the goldsmith was

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Credit quality improvement – banks lend money to ordinary commercial and personal borrowers (ordinary credit quality), but are high quality borrowers. The improvement comes from diversification of the bank's assets and capital which provides a buffer to absorb losses without defaulting on its

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Netting and settlement of payments – banks act as both collection and paying agents for customers, participating in interbank clearing and settlement systems to collect, present, be presented with, and pay payment instruments. This enables banks to economise on reserves held for settlement of

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There are several reasons for this, one of which is the lax attitude some banks have adopted because of the years of "good times." The potential for this is exacerbated by the reduction in the regulatory oversight of banks and in some cases depth of management. Problems are more likely to go

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However, with the convenience of easy credit, there is also an increased risk that consumers will mismanage their financial resources and accumulate excessive debt. Banks make money from card products through interest charges and fees charged to credit and debit card holders, and

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or payment at the customer's order. These claims on banks can act as money because they are negotiable or repayable on demand, and hence valued at par. They are effectively transferable by mere delivery, in the case of banknotes, or by drawing a cheque that the payee may bank or

5933:(Banking Ordinance, Section 2, Interpretation, Hong Kong) In this case the definition is extended to include accepting any deposits repayable in less than 3 months, companies that accept deposits of greater than HK$ 100 000 for periods of greater than 3 months are regulated as 4463:

added pressure on banks to manage the various categories of risk. Banking is also an extremely competitive industry. Competing in the financial services industry has become tougher with the entrance of such players as insurance agencies, credit unions, cheque cashing services,

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The management of the banks' asset portfolios also remains a challenge in today's economic environment. Loans are a bank's primary asset category and when loan quality becomes suspect, the foundation of a bank is shaken to the core. While always an issue for banks, declining

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obligations. However, banknotes and deposits are generally unsecured; if the bank gets into difficulty and pledges assets as security, to raise the funding it needs to continue to operate, this puts the note holders and depositors in an economically subordinated position.

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of the 1980s. Regulation of brokered deposits is opposed by banks on the grounds that the practice can be a source of external funding to growing communities with insufficient local deposits. There are different types of accounts: saving, recurring and current accounts.

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Usually, the definition of the business of banking for the purposes of regulation is extended to include acceptance of deposits, even if they are not repayable to the customer's order – although money lending, by itself, is generally not included in the definition.

6400:, 4th ed. (Mason, OH: South-Western Cengage Learning, 2009), 125. This popular university textbook explains: "Generally speaking, U.S. financial institutions have been much more heavily regulated and faced greater limitations ... than have their foreign counterparts." 2130:

Banks provide different payment services, and a bank account is considered indispensable by most businesses and individuals. Non-banks that provide payment services such as remittance companies are normally not considered as an adequate substitute for a bank account.

3024::24000+) with an additional 140 smaller banks with an undetermined number of branches. Japan had 129 banks and 12,000 branches. In 2004, Germany, France, and Italy each had more than 30,000 branches – more than double the 15,000 branches in the United Kingdom. 3878: 2347:

Recently, as banks have been faced with pressure from fintechs, new and additional business models have been suggested such as freemium, monetisation of data, white-labeling of banking and payment applications, or the cross-selling of complementary products.

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The Danish loan is the first of many such transactions on behalf of governments which rapidly establish the Rothschild family as Europe's most powerful bankers, rising to a pre-eminence comparable to that of the Medici and the Fugger in earlier centuries.

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Another major challenge is the ageing infrastructure, also called legacy IT. Backend systems were built decades ago and are incompatible with new applications. Fixing bugs and creating interfaces costs huge sums, as knowledgeable programmers become scarce.

4085:: banks that manage the assets of high-net-worth individuals. Historically a minimum of US$ 1 million was required to open an account, however, over the last years, many private banks have lowered their entry hurdles to US$ 350,000 for private investors. 1837:, which evolved into banknotes, were issued for money deposited as a loan to the goldsmith. Thus, by the 19th century, we find in ordinary cases of deposits, of money with banking corporations, or bankers, the transaction amounts to a mere loan, or 4635:

Custodial accounts are accounts in which assets are held for a third party. For example, businesses that accept custody of funds for clients prior to their conversion, return, or transfer may have a custodial account at a bank for these purposes.

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undetected, resulting in a significant impact on the bank when they are discovered. In addition, banks, like any business, struggle to cut costs and have consequently eliminated certain expenses, such as adequate employee training programs.

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allowed to use for the purpose of making advances to his customers, it developed into an assignable instrument. Ultimately such notes were issued by the goldsmiths in the form of loans and were not necessarily backed by coin and bullion.

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performs banking transactions or professional banking consultations via a remote video and audio connection. Video banking can be performed via purpose built banking transaction machines (similar to an Automated teller machine) or via a

2295:, which allows banks again to merge with investment and insurance houses. Merging banking, investment, and insurance functions allows traditional banks to respond to increasing consumer demands for "one-stop shopping" by enabling 4502:

obligations, agency securities, and corporate debt. One of the greatest factors in recent years in the movement of deposits was the tremendous growth of money market funds whose higher interest rates attracted consumer deposits.

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The bank account balance is the financial position between the bank and the customer: when the account is in credit, the bank owes the balance to the customer; when the account is overdrawn, the customer owes the balance to the

1845:. The promissory notes developed into an assignable instrument which could circulate as a safe and convenient form of money backed by the goldsmith's promise to pay, allowing goldsmiths to advance loans with little risk of 4026:

activities. Since the two no longer have to be under separate ownership, some use the term "commercial bank" to refer to a bank or a division of a bank that mostly deals with deposits and loans from corporations or large

4241:. This form of banking revolves around several well-established principles based on Islamic laws. All banking activities must avoid interest, a concept that is forbidden in Islam. Instead, the bank earns profit ( 4068:

owned by the depositors and often offering rates more favourable than for-profit banks. Typically, membership is restricted to employees of a particular company, residents of a defined area, members of a certain

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The bank must not disclose details of transactions through the customer's account – unless the customer consents, there is a public duty to disclose, the bank's interests require it, or the law demands

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on loans. This helps to offset the losses from bad loans, lowers the price of loans to those who have better credit histories, and offers credit products to high risk customers who would otherwise be denied

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between the cost of funds and the loan interest rate. Historically, profitability from lending activities has been cyclical and dependent on the needs and strengths of loan customers and the stage of the

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in 1920. The main objective of the LDBs is to promote the development of land, agriculture and increase the agricultural production. The LDBs provide long-term finance to members directly through their

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The business of banking is in many common law countries not defined by statute but by common law, the definition above. In other English common law jurisdictions there are statutory definitions of the

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receiving from the general public money on current, deposit, savings or other similar account repayable on demand or within less than ... or with a period of call or notice of less than that period;

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for customers, paying cheques drawn by customers in the bank, and collecting cheques deposited to customers' current accounts. Banks also enable customer payments via other payment methods such as

4421:(OCC) is the primary federal regulator for national banks. State non-member banks are examined by the state agencies as well as the FDIC. National banks have one primary regulator – the OCC. 4409:

The United States banking industry is one of the most heavily regulated and guarded in the world, with multiple specialised and focused regulators. All banks with FDIC-insured deposits have the

5378:(1) a firm with a Part 4A Permission to carry on the regulated activity of accepting deposits and is a credit institution, but is not a credit union, friendly society or a building society; or 4644:

In modern times there have been huge reductions to the barriers of global competition in the banking industry. Increases in telecommunications and other financial technologies, such as

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had, on average, four times more brokered deposits as a percent of their deposits than the average bank. Such deposits, combined with risky real estate investments, factored into the

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payments since inward and outward payments offset each other. It also enables the offsetting of payment flows between geographical areas, reducing the cost of settlement between them.

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from business lending to consumer lending, which means charging higher interest rates to those customers that are considered to be a higher credit risk and thus increased chance of

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over time (in some countries with underdeveloped financial systems, it is still common to deal strictly in cash, including carrying suitcases filled with cash to purchase a home).

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All withdrawals and deposits are completely the sole decision and responsibility of the account owner unless the parent or guardian is required to do otherwise for legal reasons.

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A bank can generate revenue in a variety of different ways including interest, transaction fees and financial advice. Traditionally, the most significant method is via charging

2284:. Fees and financial advice constitute a more stable revenue stream and banks have therefore placed more emphasis on these revenue lines to smooth their financial performance. 2732: 6566: 4202:

companies, engage in several of these activities. These big banks are very diversified groups that, among other services, also distribute insurance – hence the term

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there are two kinds of accounts: debit and credit. Credit accounts are Revenue, Equity and Liabilities. Debit Accounts are Assets and Expenses. The bank credits a

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Notice accounts – the equivalent of certificate accounts with an indefinite term. Savers agree to notify the institution a specified time before withdrawal.

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from the difference between the level of interest it pays for deposits and other sources of funds, and the level of interest it charges in its lending activities.

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Banking crises have developed many times throughout history when one or more risks have emerged for the banking sector as a whole. Prominent examples include the

2969:(the possibility that the bank will become unprofitable, if rising interest rates force it to pay relatively more on its deposits than it receives on its loans). 3812:

The bank agrees to promptly collect the cheques deposited to the customer's account as the customer's agent and to credit the proceeds to the customer's account.

2807:: risk that the value of a portfolio, either an investment portfolio or a trading portfolio, will decrease due to the change in value of the market risk factors. 2287:

In the past 20 years, American banks have taken many measures to ensure that they remain profitable while responding to increasingly changing market conditions.

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The customer debits his or her savings/bank (asset) in his ledger when making a deposit (and the account is normally in debit), while the customer credits a

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Credit risk is most simply defined as the potential that a bank borrower or counterparty will fail to meet its obligations in accordance with agreed terms.

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The bank must not close a customer's account without reasonable notice, since cheques are outstanding in the ordinary course of business for several days.

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These reserves can be acquired through the acceptance of new deposits, sale of other assets, or borrowing from other banks including the central bank.

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Banking as an archaic activity (or quasi-banking) is thought to have begun as early as the end of the 4th millennium BCE, to the 3rd millennia BCE.

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Third, they have sought to increase the methods of payment processing available to the general public and business clients. These products include

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Unlike most other regulated industries, the regulator is typically also a participant in the market, being either publicly or privately governed

3219: 1569:, under which banks hold liquid assets equal to only a portion of their current liabilities. In addition to other regulations intended to ensure 6112: 4223:

are normally government-owned and charged with quasi-regulatory responsibilities, such as supervising commercial banks, or controlling the cash

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The bank agrees to pay the customer's checks up to the amount standing to the credit of the customer's account, plus any agreed overdraft limit.

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NOW and Super NOW accounts – function like checking accounts but earn interest. A minimum balance may be required on Super NOW accounts.

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in order to conduct their business, and how well these risks are managed and understood is a key driver behind profitability, and how much

2718: 1633: 5513: 5352: 4542: – a form of retirement savings in which the funds deposited and interest earned are exempt from income tax until after withdrawal. 1521: 6256: 6163: 3409:

Currently, commercial banks are regulated in most jurisdictions by government entities and require a special bank license to operate.

1001: 6651: 6635: 5112: 4418: 3726: 3466: 6235: 5705:. Routledge Library Editions: Banking and Finance. Vol. 30 (reprint ed.). London: Routledge (published 2012). p. 40. 4526: – carry a monthly limit of preauthorised transfers to other accounts or persons and may require a minimum or average balance. 2801:: risk that a given security or asset cannot be traded quickly enough in the market to prevent a loss (or make the required profit). 4579: 4499: 4103:: banks that prioritize the transparency of all operations and make only what they consider to be socially responsible investments. 3644: 2700: 3817:

And, the bank has a right to combine the customer's accounts since each account is just an aspect of the same credit relationship.

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combining "banque or bank" and "assurance", signifying that both banking and insurance are provided by the same corporate entity.

4161:. The modern definition, however, refers to banks which provide capital to firms in the form of shares rather than loans. Unlike 6073: 4033:: locally operated financial institutions that empower employees to make local decisions to serve their customers and partners. 3610: 3461: 3426: 2992: 2598: 2991:

The 2023 global banking crisis is the latest of these crises: In March 2023, liquidity shortages and bank insolvencies led to

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In the ordinary cases of deposits of money with banking corporations, or bankers, the transaction amounts to a mere loan or

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The bank may not pay from the customer's account without a mandate from the customer, e.g. a cheque drawn by the customer.

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To be able to provide home buyers and builders with the funds needed, banks must compete for deposits. The phenomenon of

3605: 3556: 2640: 2604: 6693: 6085: 5669:, or irregular deposit, and the bank is to restore, not the same money, but an equivalent sum, whenever it is demanded. 5407: 5142: 3771: 2936:

system, a new sum of money is created and conversely, whenever the principal on that loan is repaid money is destroyed.

6567:"To what extent will the banking industry be globalized? A study of bank nationality and reach in 20 European nations" 4413:(FDIC) as a regulator. However, for soundness examinations (i.e., whether a bank is operating in a sound manner), the 6057: 5710: 4780: 4619: 4366: 4300: 4091:: banks located in jurisdictions with low taxation and regulation. Many offshore banks are essentially private banks. 2849: 2705: 2664: 2480: 977: 5781: 4348: 4022:, the U.S. Congress required that banks only engage in banking activities, whereas investment banks were limited to 6298: 3882:

An illustration of Northern National Bank as advertised in a 1921 book highlighting the opportunities available in

2246: 5908: 6571: 6120: 4390: 1757: 1640: 141: 1818:, and who charged a fee for that service. In exchange for each deposit of precious metal, the goldsmiths issued 5521: 5501: 5481: 5003: 4344: 3853:, may be partly or wholly exempt from bank license requirements, and therefore regulated under separate rules. 2292: 1514: 725: 476: 2504: 2464: 1960:

The definition of a bank varies from country to country. See the relevant country pages for more information.

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Each regulatory agency has its own set of rules and regulations to which banks and thrifts must adhere. The

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Here is a list of the largest deals in history in terms of value with participation from at least one bank:

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Banks are susceptible to many forms of risk which have triggered occasional systemic crises. These include

1866: 1769: 1163: 849: 226: 17: 2255:, who works for the bank based on a contract, whose main job is to increase the customer base for the bank 1756:

families dominated banking in 14th-century Florence, establishing branches in many other parts of Europe.

6688: 6502: 4740: 3617: 2854: 2356: 2183: 1849:. Thus the goldsmiths of London became the forerunners of banking by creating new money based on credit. 1574: 670: 5982: 5448: 3826:

on cheques deposited to the customer's account, to the extent that the customer is indebted to the bank.

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is a banking operation without any physical bank branches. Transactions are usually accomplished using

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Bank by mail: Most banks accept cheque deposits via mail and use mail to communicate to their customers

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In most common law jurisdictions there is a Bills of Exchange Act that codifies the law in relation to

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This article is about financial organisation that provides money upon conditions. For other uses, see

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Certificate accounts – subject to loss of some or all interest on withdrawals before maturity.

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Most banks are profit-making, private enterprises. However, some are owned by the government, or are

3915: 2985: 2381: 1968: 1507: 1450: 1245: 1168: 533: 368: 6629: 6026: 4578:

are accounting records produced by banks under the various accounting standards of the world. Under

4039:: regulated banks that provide financial services and credit to under-served markets or populations. 2995:, and within two weeks, several of the world's largest banks failed or were shut down by regulators 1826:; these receipts could not be assigned, only the original depositor could collect the stored goods. 5132: 5013: 4966: 4678: 4329: 4111: 3993: 3856:

The requirements for the issue of a bank license vary between jurisdictions but typically include:

3712: 3639: 3593: 3456: 3451: 2919: 2695: 2649: 2474: 2249:, mostly for private banking or business banking, who visits customers at their homes or businesses 2201: 2105: 2089: 1852: 1605: 1128: 1075: 941: 483: 402: 5886: 5550: 6683: 5152: 4956: 4623: 4333: 3933: 3017: 2981: 2923: 2658: 2531: 1709: 730: 373: 161: 42: 6354: 6111:

Bolt, Wilko; Haan, Leo de; Hoeberichts, Marco; Oordt, Maarten van; Swank, Job (September 2012).

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The first state deposit bank was the Bank of St. George in Genoa, which was established in 1407.

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Richards, Richard D. (1929). "The Goldsmith bankers and the evolution of English paper money".

5269: 5137: 5122: 4892: 4657: 3866:'Fit and Proper' requirements for the bank's controllers, owners, directors, or senior officers 3529: 2760: 2432: 2006: 1880: 1485: 1362: 1337: 1295: 1208: 38: 6537: 5360: 3693: 6488: 6212: 5603: 5593: 5179: 5102: 4471: 4340: 4228: 4140: 4076: 4046: 4042: 3960: 2327: 2085: 1900: 1410: 970: 904: 665: 603: 563: 422: 201: 191: 31: 6658:

Provides an overview of the national banking system of the US, its regulation, and the OCC.

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Richards. The usual denomination was 50 or 100 pounds, so these notes were not an everyday

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Commentaries on the Law of Bailments: With Illustrations from the Civil and the Foreign Law

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Banking in its modern sense evolved in the fourteenth century in the prosperous cities of

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had to dollars moving from savings accounts and into direct market instruments such as

4199: 4018:: the term used for a normal bank to distinguish it from an investment bank. After the 3921: 3398: 2966: 2837:, which sets a framework within which a bank or depository institution must manage its 2303: 2269: 2152: 1998: 1982: 1967:, a banker is defined as a person who carries on the business of banking by conducting 1964: 1944:"bench, counter". Benches were used as makeshift desks or exchange counters during the 1806:

emerged in the 17th and 18th centuries. Merchants started to store their gold with the

1784: 1695: 1601: 1470: 1357: 1085: 869: 844: 740: 735: 623: 608: 583: 548: 336: 156: 54: 6646: 6584: 6164:"Bank Stability and Market Discipline: Debt-for-Equity Swap versus Subordinated Notes" 4506:

To compete for deposits, US savings institutions offer many different types of plans:

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bankers, who used to make their transactions atop desks covered by green tablecloths.

6506: 6467: 6053: 5706: 5611: 5517: 5497: 5477: 5403: 5399: 5279: 5254: 5229: 5209: 5199: 5189: 5117: 4902: 4862: 4795: 4673: 4495: 4242: 3925: 3905: 2816: 2782: 2778: 2417: 2307: 2222: 1896: 1846: 1830: 1765: 1629: 1585: 1290: 1275: 1223: 1203: 1133: 1090: 947: 782: 777: 618: 588: 523: 236: 6328: 6206:"No Pain, No Gain? Effecting Market Discipline via "Reverse Convertible Debentures"" 4517: – permit any amount to be added to or withdrawn from the account at any time. 3534: 2984:

in the 1980s and early 1990s, the Japanese banking crisis during the 1990s, and the

2841:. The categorisation of assets and capital is highly standardised so that it can be 6678: 6655: 6580: 6201: 6133: 6129: 5795: 5259: 5249: 5234: 5224: 5194: 4941: 4931: 4926: 4877: 4822: 4775: 4545: 4475: 4174: 4019: 3899: 3846: 3756: 3667: 3634: 3176: 2977: 2885: 2810: 2680: 2560: 2522: 2508: 2361: 2240: 2195: 2127:, and by investing in marketable debt securities and other forms of money lending. 2124: 1931: 1625: 1589: 1382: 1347: 1342: 1327: 1312: 1250: 1218: 1123: 1009: 993: 963: 931: 859: 837: 817: 792: 655: 645: 553: 471: 6329:"M&A by Industries - Institute for Mergers, Acquisitions and Alliances (IMAA)" 2123:. Banks lend money by making advances to customers on current accounts, by making 2111:

Banks borrow money by accepting funds deposited on current accounts, by accepting

6498: 6492: 5700: 5650: 5597: 5219: 4983: 4961: 4897: 4872: 4852: 4750: 4735: 4693: 4688: 4555: 4514: 4414: 4179: 4132: 4082: 4030: 4015: 3911: 3869:

Approval of the bank's business plan as being sufficiently prudent and plausible.

3760: 3508: 3495: 3490: 3271: 3239: 3117: 2834: 2752: 2554: 2527: 2516: 2412: 2337: 2156: 2148: 1986: 1938: 1876: 1834: 1790: 1609: 1562: 1550:. Lending activities can be directly performed by the bank or indirectly through 1539: 1480: 1465: 1425: 1322: 1307: 1280: 1260: 1190: 1180: 899: 884: 874: 797: 787: 700: 650: 593: 573: 543: 518: 493: 407: 297: 287: 136: 111: 75: 4147:

activities such as M&A, trade for their own accounts, make markets, provide

3751:. However, in some countries, this is not the case. In the UK, for example, the 2191:

Banks offer many different channels to access their banking and other services:

429: 6673: 6595: 5646: 5080: 4857: 4827: 4812: 4575: 4479: 4447: 4195: 4144: 4119: 4023: 4007: 3970: 3949: 3893: 3789: – defined as any entity for which the bank agrees to conduct an account. 3781:

Banking law is based on a contractual analysis of the relationship between the

3672: 3566: 3544: 3539: 3207: 3008:

As of November 2009, China's top four banks have in excess of 67,000 branches (

2958: 2929: 2822: 2798: 2766: 2628: 2454: 2369: 2344:

This helps in making a profit and facilitates economic development as a whole.

2281: 2216: 2210: 2144: 2120: 2061: 1920: 1648: 1551: 1543: 1475: 1440: 1285: 1235: 1173: 1045: 951: 864: 832: 772: 705: 690: 685: 613: 412: 395: 378: 282: 247: 231: 216: 131: 6565:

Berger, Allen N; Dai, Qinglei; Ongena, Steven; Smith, David C (1 March 2003).

5494:

Temples, Tithes, and Taxes: The Temple and the Economic Life of Ancient Israel

4278: 4049:(LDB). The history of LDB is quite old. The first LDB was started at Jhang in 2961:(where many depositors may request withdrawals in excess of available funds), 2795:: risk of loss arising from a borrower who does not make payments as promised. 2009:, including cheques, and this Act contains a statutory definition of the term 6667: 5854: 5842:

The family is soon represented in all the important centres of the continent.

5811:

International financing in the 19th Century took hold due to the Rothschilds.

5655:(9 ed.). Boston: Little, Brown, and Company (published 1878). p. 87 5127: 5008: 4998: 4988: 4971: 4907: 4683: 4441: 4402: 4224: 4203: 4187: 4158: 4154: 4088: 3996: 3850: 3431: 3303: 3283: 3013: 2838: 2535: 2459: 2422: 2296: 2235: 2172: 2093: 1924: 1644: 1597: 1578: 1495: 1455: 1400: 1025: 909: 889: 812: 767: 538: 528: 508: 385: 196: 186: 166: 101: 91: 5946:

e.g. Tyree's Banking Law in New Zealand, A L Tyree, LexisNexis 2003, p. 70.

5685: 5642: 5330: 5318: 5070: 5065: 5033: 5018: 4951: 4946: 4936: 4800: 4710: 4234: 4220: 4100: 4094: 4065: 4057: 3883: 3744: 3627: 3622: 3571: 3499: 3374: 3085: 2774: 2634: 2112: 2057: 1978: 1749: 1420: 1317: 1055: 695: 498: 363: 302: 259: 221: 206: 126: 106: 69: 4183: 3792:

The law implies rights and obligations into this relationship as follows:

3747:. Central banks also typically have a monopoly on the business of issuing 2866: 2326:. They make it easier for consumers to conveniently make transactions and 6533: 6306: 5075: 5048: 5038: 5023: 4720: 4715: 4594: 4464: 4207: 4107: 4070: 3600: 3551: 3335: 3315: 3251: 2965:(the chance that those who owe money to the bank will not repay it), and 2962: 2804: 2792: 2613: 2584: 2449: 2402: 2323: 2072: 2040:"banking business" means the business of either or both of the following: 1945: 1761: 1725: 1636: 1588:

but, in many ways, functioned as a continuation of ideas and concepts of

1415: 1377: 1367: 1352: 1080: 1070: 1050: 1040: 1035: 854: 745: 715: 326: 211: 146: 96: 6000: 4227:. They generally provide liquidity to the banking system and act as the 2376: 1663: 6171: 5900: 5060: 4867: 4842: 4539: 4136: 3677: 2407: 2319: 2315: 2077: 1904: 1815: 1632: – have played a central role over many centuries. The 1194: 1142: 1095: 1065: 1060: 331: 6077: 6072: 4558: – designed to help people save regularly to meet certain goals. 4186:, Brazil, the bank is the largest financial institution in Brazil and 2299:

of products (which, the banks hope, will also increase profitability).

6264: 5043: 4887: 4832: 4615: 4282: 3979: 3446: 2900: 2549: 2539: 2385: 2164: 2116: 2034: 1884: 1807: 444: 266: 6435:"Banks scramble to fix old systems as IT 'cowboys' ride into sunset" 4318: 4245:) and fees on the financing facilities that it extends to customers. 3989: 3956: 2950: 2813:: risk arising from the execution of a company's business functions. 2225:

allows customers to conduct transactions over the telephone with an

1565:

over banks. Most countries have institutionalized a system known as

1557:

Whereas banks play an important role in financial stability and the

6175:. The Hebrew University Business School. p. 59. Archived from 5737: 4921: 4805: 4510: 4398: 4394: 3748: 3441: 3404: 3129: 3097: 2973: 2444: 2397: 2265: 1949: 1857: 1803: 1729: 1030: 488: 321: 4548: – offered by some institutions under definite restrictions. 3983: 3033:

bil. USD followed by a steep decline (−82% from 2007 until 2018).

2825:: risks related to the aggregate economy the bank is operating in. 1829:

Gradually the goldsmiths began to lend money out on behalf of the

4760: 4417:

is the primary federal regulator for Fed-member state banks; the

3486: 3436: 2878: 2874: 2773:

a bank is required to hold. Bank capital consists principally of

1819: 1753: 1593: 1558: 1445: 1270: 1152: 807: 578: 181: 6050:

Blockchain Babel: The Crypto-craze and the Challenge to Business

2819:: a type of risk related to the trustworthiness of the business. 2557:

services (lock box, remote deposit capture, merchant processing)

4725: 4567: 4238: 4050: 3975: 3759:) issue their own banknotes in addition to those issued by the 3148: 2904: 2469: 2101: 2053: 1993: 1975:

drawn on them and also collecting cheques for their customers.

1972: 1823: 1822:

certifying the quantity and purity of the metal they held as a

1811: 1741: 1724:

The present era of banking can be traced to medieval and early

1621: 1617: 1113: 358: 5796:"The History of Banks | How They've Changed through the Years" 2945: 2493: 2048:

paying or collecting cheques drawn by or paid in by customers.

5956:

McLeay, Michael; Radia, Amar; Thomas, Ryland (8 March 2014).

5085: 4882: 4817: 3944: 3775: 2365: 2056:(Electronic Funds Transfer at Point Of Sale), direct credit, 1895:

in London to allow multiple banks to clear transactions. The

1773: 1745: 1737: 1733: 1700: 1613: 1372: 1213: 466: 417: 4002: 6461: 4790: 4730: 3964: 3823: 3504: 3009: 2593: 2512: 2499: 2219:

is using one's mobile phone to conduct banking transactions

2213:

over the Internet to perform multiple types of transactions

2168: 1674: with: history after the 19th century. You can help by 1547: 1240: 1118: 1016: 675: 513: 439: 1903:

on a large scale, financing the purchase of shares in the

6412:"Making Innovation More Competitive: The Case of Fintech" 4614:. Accepting a significant quantity of such deposits, or " 4249: 4139:" (guarantee the sale of) stock and bond issues, provide 4073:

or religious organisations, and their immediate families.

4045:: The special banks providing long-term loans are called 3896:, dealing directly with individuals and small businesses; 1879:

originated the permanent issue of banknotes in 1695. The

6333:

Institute for Mergers, Acquisitions and Alliances (IMAA)

6110: 6005:

BANKEDGE | Professional Certification Courses In Banking

5537:

A History of Money from Ancient Times to the Present Day

4639: 4470:

As a reaction, banks have developed their activities in

4079:: savings banks associated with national postal systems. 1577:

based on an international set of capital standards, the

37:"Banks" and "Banker" redirect here. For other uses, see 5580:

Banks, Places and Entrepreneurs in Renaissance Florence

3755:

licenses banks, and some commercial banks (such as the

1887:

facility in 1728. By the beginning of the 19th century

1728:

Italy, to the rich cities in the centre and north like

2340:

to retailers who accept the bank's cards for payments.

1704:

This 15th-century painting depicts money-dealers at a

6486: 5594:"Central Banking: The Early Years: Other Early Banks" 5302: 4444:

has become a big problem for financial institutions.

2932:/destruction – whenever a bank gives out a loan in a 6614:

International Banking in the 19th and 20th Centuries

6564: 6494:

Monetary and Financial Statistics: Compilation Guide

6489:"Source Data for Monetary and Financial Statistics" 2455:

Personal loan (Secured and Unsecured Personal loan)

2268:on the capital it lends out to customers. The bank 1768:founded the earliest-known state deposit bank, and 4426:Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council 2998: 5955: 1760:set up one of the most famous Italian banks, the 6665: 4482:and have become big players in such activities. 2671:Standardized approach (counterparty credit risk) 5582:, Aldershot, Hampshire, Great Britain, Variorum 2788:Some of the main risks faced by banks include: 6538:"For Banks, Wads of Cash and Loads of Trouble" 6078:"Principles for the Management of Credit Risk" 5949: 5878: 5533: 3845:Some types of financial institutions, such as 4267:The examples and perspective in this section 3873: 3720: 2726: 1643:(founded in 1472), while the oldest existing 1515: 971: 6532: 6457: 6455: 6236:"Personal Data And The Next Subprime Crisis" 4126: 3902:, providing services to mid-market business; 3418:International regulatory standards for banks 1561:of a country, most jurisdictions exercise a 27:Financial institution which accepts deposits 5540:. Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 1996. 4489: 4347:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 4165:, they tend not to invest in new companies. 3027: 2494:Business (or commercial/investment) banking 4285:, or create a new section, as appropriate. 4157:were traditionally banks which engaged in 3914:, providing wealth management services to 3727: 3713: 2733: 2719: 2084:Banks act as payment agents by conducting 1522: 1508: 978: 964: 68: 6652:Office of the Comptroller of the Currency 6452: 5924:, 1966, English Court of Appeal, 2 QB 431 5553:universalis.fr Accessed 15 September 2018 5424:"How Banks Use Loans to Create Liquidity" 5113:List of bank mergers in the United States 4419:Office of the Comptroller of the Currency 4367:Learn how and when to remove this message 4301:Learn how and when to remove this message 2895:The economic functions of banks include: 2757:Investment banking § Risk management 2115:, and by issuing debt securities such as 308:Transaction (checking / current) 6346: 6200: 5698: 5591: 5391: 4566: 4446: 4389: 4173: 4001: 3988: 3969: 3955: 3943: 3877: 3765: 2993:three bank failures in the United States 2944: 2865: 2747:Financial risk management § Banking 2701:Standardized approach (operational risk) 2375: 2355: 2182: 2071: 1992: 1977: 1851: 1783: 1699: 1538:is a financial institution that accepts 6464:Consumer and business credit management 6409: 6251: 6249: 5702:The Early History of Banking in England 4397:, The People's Trust Company Building, 4214: 3889:Banks' activities can be divided into: 2861: 2143:Activities undertaken by banks include 14: 6666: 6647:A Guide to the National Banking System 6462:Mishler, Lon; Cole, Robert E. (1995). 6113:"Bank Profitability during Recessions" 6074:Basel Committee on Banking Supervision 5958:"Money creation in the modern economy" 4586:to increase its balance, and debits a 4250:Challenges within the banking industry 3908:, directed at large business entities; 3427:Basel Committee on Banking Supervision 2302:Second, they have expanded the use of 2275:This difference is referred to as the 2138: 6161: 6047: 5922:United Dominions Trust Ltd v Kirkwood 5911:from the original on 11 October 2023. 5641: 5569:, New York, Dodd, Mead & Company. 4640:Globalisation in the banking industry 4630: 4411:Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation 2890: 6466:. Homewood: Irwin. pp. 128–29. 6396:Scott Besley and Eugene F. Brigham, 6246: 4662: 4605:One source of deposits for banks is 4600: 4562: 4345:adding citations to reliable sources 4312: 4253: 4169: 3763:, the UK government's central bank. 2067: 1907:for the British government in 1875. 1658: 937: 6377:"List of Commercial Banks in Nepal" 6233: 5606:, Connecticut: Praeger Publishers ( 2641:Standardized approach (credit risk) 2605:Standardized approach (market risk) 2571: 2204:adjacent to or remote from the bank 24: 6606: 6432: 6086:Bank for International Settlements 5962:Bank of England Quarterly Bulletin 5937:rather than as banks in Hong Kong. 5143:List of largest U.S. bank failures 3772:Bank for International Settlements 2852:, regulators force banks to issue 2259: 25: 6705: 6636:Banking, Banks, and Credit Unions 6623: 6410:Van Loo, Rory (1 February 2018). 5592:Macesich, George (30 June 2000). 5474:The Kingdom of Armenia: A History 4781:International Bank Account Number 3939: 3365:Mitsubishi Tokyo Financial Group 2706:Standardised measurement approach 2481:National Electronic Fund Transfer 2243:enabled bank branch clarification 1772:(Bank of St. George), in 1407 at 1573:, banks are generally subject to 6572:Journal of Banking & Finance 6536:; Martin, Andrew (3 July 2009). 6352: 6121:Journal of Banking & Finance 5760:"A History of British Banknotes" 5359:. 1 January 2014. Archived from 5324: 5312: 4893:Treasury management § Banks 4379: 4317: 4258: 3924:, relating to activities on the 2903:and current accounts subject to 2761:Treasury management § Banks 2202:Automated teller machine banking 1662: 1608: – notably, the 1000: 946: 936: 927: 926: 6558: 6526: 6480: 6426: 6403: 6390: 6369: 6321: 6291: 6227: 6194: 6155: 6104: 6066: 6041: 6019: 5993: 5975: 5940: 5927: 5915: 5893: 5879:de Albuquerque, Martim (1855). 5872: 5847: 5816: 5788: 5780:. eccount money. Archived from 5778:"A short history of overdrafts" 5770: 5752: 5743: 5730: 5692: 5674: 5634: 5585: 5572: 5556: 3948:National Bank of the Republic, 2999:Size of global banking industry 2899:Issue of money, in the form of 2623:Internal ratings-based approach 1779: 1641:Banca Monte dei Paschi di Siena 6487:Statistics Department (2001). 6268:. pp. 3–4. Archived from 6162:Raviv, Alon (13 August 2014). 6134:10.1016/j.jbankfin.2012.05.011 5544: 5527: 5506: 5486: 5466: 5441: 5416: 5385: 5344: 5004:Non-bank financial institution 4536:Individual retirement accounts 3254:Financial Corp, Massachusetts 2940: 2753:Finance § Risk management 2364:, now a modern retail bank in 2037:), Section 2, Interpretation). 1542:from the public and creates a 726:Strategic financial management 13: 1: 6585:10.1016/S0378-4266(02)00386-2 6299:"FDIC: HSOB Commercial Banks" 6048:Pejic, Igor (28 March 2019). 6029:. The Street. 24 October 2007 6001:"Banking Channels | Bankedge" 5516:Transaction Publishers, 2005 5337: 5285:Banking in the United Kingdom 4143:, and advise corporations on 3703:Business and Economics Portal 3392: 2850:financial crisis of 2007–2008 2690:Advanced measurement approach 2439:Individual retirement account 2187:An American bank in Maryland. 1955: 1795:, by Lady Jane Lindsay, 1905. 880:Sustainable development goals 6052:(1st ed.). Kogan Page. 5449:"Basel Regulatory Framework" 5290:Banking in the United States 5029:Savings and loan association 4386:Banking in the United States 4122:through an online interface. 4108:direct or internet-only bank 3753:Financial Services Authority 3660:Pillar 2: Supervisory review 3517:Pillar 1: Regulatory capital 3347:Royal Bank of Scotland Group 3179:, Charlotte, North Carolina 2855:Contingent convertible bonds 2229:, or when requested, with a 2086:checking or current accounts 2018:is structured or regulated. 1971:for their customers, paying 1910: 1758:Giovanni di Bicci de' Medici 1596:that had their roots in the 1575:minimum capital requirements 1546:while simultaneously making 7: 6503:International Monetary Fund 5905:Online Etymology Dictionary 5885:. in: George Bell. p. 5599:Issues in Money and Banking 5514:Risk: A Sociological Theory 4741:Deposit creation multiplier 4651: 4500:U.S. Department of Treasury 4281:, discuss the issue on the 4037:Community development banks 3770:Global headquarters of the 3686:Pillar 3: Market disclosure 2579:Specific banking frameworks 2380:An interior of a branch of 2351: 2178: 1719: 10: 6710: 6642:(archived 11 January 2012) 5983:"How Do Banks Make Money?" 5645:(1832). "On Deposits". In 5608:Greenwood Publishing Group 5578:Goldthwaite, R. A. (1995) 4766:Fractional-reserve banking 4655: 4383: 4237:adhere to the concepts of 3916:high-net-worth individuals 3874:Different types of banking 3402: 3396: 2934:fractional-reserve banking 2883: 2750: 2744: 2487:Real-time gross settlement 2001:in Pokhara, Western Nepal. 1843:fractional reserve banking 1800:Fractional reserve banking 1693: 1654: 1567:fractional-reserve banking 631:Fractional-reserve banking 559:Enterprise risk management 36: 29: 6694:Economic history of Italy 5681:Lord Chancellor Cottenham 5395:The Principles of Banking 5392:Choudhry, Moorad (2012). 5108:List of accounting topics 4977:Independent advisory firm 4746:Electronic funds transfer 4590:to decrease its balance. 4198:, more commonly known as 4151:to institutional clients. 4127:Types of investment banks 3050: 3047: 3044: 3041: 2986:sub-prime mortgage crisis 2976:that occurred during the 2418:Recurring deposit account 2391: 2382:National Westminster Bank 2291:First, this includes the 2196:Branch, in-person banking 2106:automated teller machines 1563:high degree of regulation 1451:Guaranteed minimum income 1246:Diversification (finance) 534:Diversification (finance) 5935:deposit taking companies 5567:Banking Through the Ages 5133:List of economics topics 5014:Person-to-person lending 4967:Boutique investment bank 4679:Automated teller machine 4554:Club accounts and other 4490:Loan activities of banks 3934:non-profit organisations 3785:(defined above) and the 3028:Mergers and acquisitions 2920:Asset liability mismatch 2696:Basic indicator approach 2650:Counterparty credit risk 2599:Internal models approach 2475:Automated teller machine 2328:smooth their consumption 2090:Automated Clearing House 1937:, meaning "table", from 1814:, who possessed private 1129:Employee stock ownership 1076:Refund anticipation loan 484:Automated teller machine 6632:– World's Biggest Banks 6355:"Land Development Bank" 5428:www.philadelphiafed.org 5153:List of stock exchanges 4957:Industrial loan company 4624:savings and loan crisis 4620:global financial crisis 2982:Savings and Loan crisis 2924:Maturity transformation 2765:Banks face a number of 2659:Current exposure method 1893:bankers' clearing house 1710:Cleansing of the Temple 1046:Unsecured personal loan 731:Stress test (financial) 43:Banker (disambiguation) 6357:. TNAU Agritech Portal 6027:"How Banks Make Money" 5859:www.localhistories.org 5855:"A History of Banking" 5740:for the common people. 5551:naissance de la banque 5534:Davies, R; Davies, G. 5453:www.federalreserve.gov 5270:Banking in Switzerland 5138:List of finance topics 5123:List of banking crises 4916:Types of institutions: 4658:Category:Banking terms 4572: 4455: 4406: 4191: 4047:land development banks 4043:Land development banks 4011: 4006:National Copper Bank, 3999: 3986: 3967: 3953: 3886: 3778: 3045:Acquiring institution 2954: 2881: 2433:Certificate of deposit 2388: 2373: 2293:Gramm–Leach–Bliley Act 2188: 2081: 2007:negotiable instruments 2002: 1990: 1883:established the first 1881:Royal Bank of Scotland 1872: 1796: 1713: 1486:Universal basic income 1363:Portfolio optimization 1338:Investment performance 1209:Alternative investment 39:Banks (disambiguation) 6640:UCB Libraries GovPubs 6398:Principles of Finance 6213:University of Florida 5496:Baker Academic, 2006 5180:Banking in Bangladesh 5103:List of largest banks 4656:Further information: 4570: 4524:Money market accounts 4472:financial instruments 4450: 4393: 4231:in event of a crisis. 4229:lender of last resort 4177: 4141:investment management 4005: 3992: 3973: 3961:The BANK of Greenland 3959: 3947: 3881: 3863:Minimum capital ratio 3769: 2948: 2869: 2745:Further information: 2423:Fixed deposit account 2379: 2359: 2186: 2076:Large door to an old 2075: 1996: 1981: 1901:international finance 1855: 1787: 1703: 905:Too connected to fail 666:Investment management 564:Environmental finance 423:Correspondent account 117:Community development 78:, established in 1694 32:Bank (disambiguation) 6616:(St Martin's, 1983) 6076:(30 November 1999). 5824:"History of banking" 5265:Banking in Singapore 5215:Banking in Hong Kong 5170:Banking in Australia 5148:List of oldest banks 4848:Pigmy Deposit Scheme 4838:Overdraft protection 4771:Full-reserve banking 4706:CAMELS rating system 4571:Suburban bank branch 4341:improve this section 4279:improve this section 4269:may not represent a 4215:Other types of banks 4116:electronic transfers 4077:Postal savings banks 3222:, Chicago, Illinois 2862:Banks in the economy 2428:Money market account 2253:Direct Selling Agent 2247:Relationship manager 2198:in a retail location 2098:telegraphic transfer 2052:Since the advent of 1770:Banco di San Giorgio 1491:Volatility (finance) 1461:Risk-return spectrum 1303:Fundamental analysis 1169:Defined contribution 803:Exchange traded fund 681:Mathematical finance 641:Fundamental analysis 636:Full-reserve banking 242:Bank holding company 152:Export credit agency 53:Part of a series on 5784:on 5 November 2013. 5245:Banking in Pakistan 4994:Mutual savings bank 4756:Factoring (finance) 4668:Terms and concepts: 4478:operations such as 4452:Safra National Bank 4149:securities services 3525:Capital requirement 3048:Target institution 2831:capital requirement 2665:Standardised method 2566:Securities Services 2227:automated attendant 2175:and other related. 2161:transaction banking 2139:Range of activities 2023:business of banking 1708:(bench) during the 1651:(founded in 1590). 1436:Financial inclusion 1431:Financial deepening 1333:Investment advisory 1105:Employment contract 895:Time value of money 721:Statistical finance 711:Sustainable finance 661:Investment advisory 303:Time deposit (Bond) 6689:Italian inventions 6612:Born, Karl Erich. 6543:The New York Times 5989:. 27 October 2017. 5764:britishnotes.co.uk 5275:Banking in Tunisia 5205:Banking in Germany 5185:Banking in Belgium 5175:Banking in Austria 5164:Banking by country 5091:White-collar crime 4786:Investment banking 4631:Custodial accounts 4573: 4456: 4407: 4200:financial services 4192: 4062:co-operative banks 4012: 4000: 3987: 3968: 3954: 3922:investment banking 3887: 3847:building societies 3779: 3399:Banking regulation 2967:interest rate risk 2955: 2891:Economic functions 2882: 2823:Macroeconomic risk 2389: 2384:on Castle Street, 2374: 2304:risk-based pricing 2231:telephone operator 2189: 2153:investment banking 2082: 2003: 1991: 1983:Banco de Venezuela 1965:English common law 1891:had established a 1873: 1797: 1714: 1696:History of banking 1602:history of banking 1471:Structured product 1411:Citizen's dividend 1358:Passive management 1086:Debt consolidation 870:Security (finance) 845:History of banking 741:Structured product 736:Structured finance 549:Economic expansion 55:financial services 6630:Guardian Datablog 6512:978-1-58906-584-0 6473:978-0-256-13948-8 6234:Rustici, Chiara. 6204:(November 2002). 6202:Flannery, Mark J. 6143:on 3 October 2020 6007:. 8 February 2016 5882:Notes and Queries 5617:978-0-275-96777-2 5476:Routledge, 2001 5357:Rulebook Glossary 5353:"Bank of England" 5300: 5299: 5280:Banking in Turkey 5255:Banking in Russia 5230:Banking in Israel 5210:Banking in Greece 5200:Banking in France 5190:Banking in Canada 5118:List of bank runs 4903:Wealth management 4863:Shell corporation 4796:Pre-qualification 4674:Anonymous banking 4612:brokered deposits 4601:Brokered deposits 4563:Types of accounts 4546:Checking accounts 4496:disintermediation 4377: 4376: 4369: 4311: 4310: 4303: 4170:Combination banks 4064:: not-for-profit 3926:financial markets 3906:corporate banking 3737: 3736: 3419: 3390: 3389: 3091:Other financials 2873:main building in 2817:Reputational risk 2783:subordinated debt 2779:retained earnings 2743: 2742: 2318:, prepaid cards, 2223:Telephone banking 2149:corporate banking 2125:installment loans 2068:Standard business 1802:and the issue of 1766:Republic of Genoa 1692: 1691: 1606:banking dynasties 1586:Renaissance Italy 1532: 1531: 1204:Active management 1134:Employee benefits 1091:Debt rescheduling 988: 987: 783:Corporate finance 778:Capital structure 753: 752: 524:Corporate finance 344: 343: 16:(Redirected from 6701: 6656:Washington, D.C. 6600: 6599: 6593: 6591: 6562: 6556: 6555: 6553: 6551: 6530: 6524: 6523: 6521: 6519: 6484: 6478: 6477: 6459: 6450: 6449: 6447: 6445: 6430: 6424: 6423: 6407: 6401: 6394: 6388: 6387: 6385: 6383: 6373: 6367: 6366: 6364: 6362: 6350: 6344: 6343: 6341: 6339: 6325: 6319: 6318: 6316: 6314: 6309:on 26 March 2010 6305:. Archived from 6295: 6289: 6287: 6284: 6282: 6280: 6274: 6261: 6253: 6244: 6243: 6231: 6225: 6224: 6222: 6220: 6210: 6198: 6192: 6191: 6189: 6187: 6181: 6168: 6159: 6153: 6152: 6150: 6148: 6142: 6136:. Archived from 6117: 6108: 6102: 6101: 6096: 6094: 6082: 6070: 6064: 6063: 6045: 6039: 6038: 6036: 6034: 6023: 6017: 6016: 6014: 6012: 5997: 5991: 5990: 5979: 5973: 5972: 5970: 5968: 5953: 5947: 5944: 5938: 5931: 5925: 5919: 5913: 5912: 5897: 5891: 5890: 5876: 5870: 5869: 5867: 5865: 5851: 5845: 5844: 5836: 5834: 5820: 5814: 5813: 5808: 5806: 5800:worldbank.org.ro 5792: 5786: 5785: 5774: 5768: 5767: 5756: 5750: 5747: 5741: 5734: 5728: 5727: 5721: 5719: 5696: 5690: 5689:(1848) 2 HLC 28. 5678: 5672: 5671: 5662: 5660: 5638: 5632: 5631: 5626: 5624: 5589: 5583: 5576: 5570: 5560: 5554: 5548: 5542: 5541: 5531: 5525: 5510: 5504: 5490: 5484: 5470: 5464: 5463: 5461: 5459: 5445: 5439: 5438: 5436: 5434: 5420: 5414: 5413: 5389: 5383: 5382: 5380:(2) an EEA bank. 5370: 5368: 5348: 5329: 5328: 5327: 5317: 5316: 5315: 5308: 5260:Banking in Spain 5250:Banking in Qatar 5240:Banking in Japan 5235:Banking in Italy 5225:Banking in India 5195:Banking in China 4942:Cooperative bank 4932:Building society 4878:Substitute check 4823:Money laundering 4776:Internet banking 4701:Bankers' bonuses 4663: 4556:savings accounts 4515:deposit accounts 4476:financial market 4467:companies, etc. 4372: 4365: 4361: 4358: 4352: 4321: 4313: 4306: 4299: 4295: 4292: 4286: 4262: 4261: 4254: 4208:portmanteau word 4133:Investment banks 4020:Great Depression 4016:Commercial banks 3900:business banking 3757:Bank of Scotland 3729: 3722: 3715: 3668:Economic capital 3635:Operational risk 3417: 3415:Basel Framework 3412: 3411: 3340:National agency 3189:BankAmerica Corp 3177:NationsBank Corp 3039: 3038: 2978:Great Depression 2886:Financial system 2811:Operational risk 2735: 2728: 2721: 2681:Operational risk 2576: 2575: 2572:Capital and risk 2532:foreign exchange 2523:Revolving credit 2465:Current accounts 2362:building society 2338:transaction fees 2241:video conference 2169:consumer finance 2145:personal banking 2062:internet banking 2027:banking business 1969:current accounts 1870: 1856:Interior of the 1835:promissory notes 1687: 1684: 1666: 1659: 1524: 1517: 1510: 1393: 1383:Target date fund 1348:Investor profile 1343:Investment style 1328:Impact investing 1313:Growth investing 1251:Equity (finance) 1124:Salary packaging 1004: 994:Personal finance 990: 989: 980: 973: 966: 950: 940: 939: 930: 929: 860:Personal finance 793:Equity (finance) 656:Impact investing 646:Growth investing 554:Enterprise value 461: 460: 272: 271: 227:Savings and loan 72: 50: 49: 21: 6709: 6708: 6704: 6703: 6702: 6700: 6699: 6698: 6664: 6663: 6626: 6609: 6607:Further reading 6604: 6603: 6589: 6587: 6563: 6559: 6549: 6547: 6531: 6527: 6517: 6515: 6513: 6499:Washington D.C. 6485: 6481: 6474: 6460: 6453: 6443: 6441: 6431: 6427: 6416:UCLA Law Review 6408: 6404: 6395: 6391: 6381: 6379: 6375: 6374: 6370: 6360: 6358: 6351: 6347: 6337: 6335: 6327: 6326: 6322: 6312: 6310: 6297: 6296: 6292: 6285: 6278: 6276: 6275:on 15 June 2012 6272: 6259: 6255: 6254: 6247: 6232: 6228: 6218: 6216: 6208: 6199: 6195: 6185: 6183: 6182:on 13 July 2018 6179: 6166: 6160: 6156: 6146: 6144: 6140: 6115: 6109: 6105: 6092: 6090: 6080: 6071: 6067: 6060: 6046: 6042: 6032: 6030: 6025: 6024: 6020: 6010: 6008: 5999: 5998: 5994: 5981: 5980: 5976: 5966: 5964: 5954: 5950: 5945: 5941: 5932: 5928: 5920: 5916: 5899: 5898: 5894: 5877: 5873: 5863: 5861: 5853: 5852: 5848: 5841: 5832: 5830: 5822: 5821: 5817: 5804: 5802: 5794: 5793: 5789: 5776: 5775: 5771: 5758: 5757: 5753: 5749:Richards, p. 40 5748: 5744: 5735: 5731: 5717: 5715: 5713: 5697: 5693: 5679: 5675: 5658: 5656: 5647:Schouler, James 5639: 5635: 5622: 5620: 5618: 5610:). p. 42. 5590: 5586: 5577: 5573: 5561: 5557: 5549: 5545: 5532: 5528: 5511: 5507: 5491: 5487: 5471: 5467: 5457: 5455: 5447: 5446: 5442: 5432: 5430: 5422: 5421: 5417: 5410: 5390: 5386: 5379: 5377: 5366: 5364: 5363:on 13 July 2018 5351: 5349: 5345: 5340: 5335: 5325: 5323: 5313: 5311: 5303: 5301: 5220:Banking in Iran 5158: 4984:Islamic banking 4962:Investment bank 4898:Venture capital 4873:Stock statement 4853:Private banking 4751:Ethical banking 4736:Deposit account 4694:Banking license 4689:Bank regulation 4660: 4654: 4642: 4633: 4607:deposit brokers 4603: 4576:Bank statements 4565: 4492: 4415:Federal Reserve 4388: 4382: 4373: 4362: 4356: 4353: 4338: 4322: 4307: 4296: 4290: 4287: 4276: 4263: 4259: 4252: 4217: 4196:Universal banks 4180:Banco do Brasil 4172: 4129: 4120:direct deposits 4031:Community banks 3942: 3912:private banking 3876: 3860:Minimum capital 3822:The bank has a 3761:Bank of England 3733: 3509:Risk management 3496:Monetary policy 3416: 3407: 3401: 3395: 3354:United Kingdom 3343:United Kingdom 3272:Bank of America 3240:Bank of America 3118:Travelers Group 3064: 3054: 3052: 3042:Date announced 3030: 3001: 2943: 2893: 2888: 2864: 2835:bank regulation 2763: 2749: 2739: 2574: 2561:Credit services 2555:Cash management 2528:Risk management 2505:Capital raising 2496: 2413:Savings account 2394: 2354: 2262: 2260:Business models 2181: 2157:private banking 2141: 2070: 1958: 1939:Old High German 1919:was taken into 1913: 1877:Bank of England 1864: 1791:Bank of England 1789:Sealing of the 1782: 1764:, in 1397. The 1722: 1698: 1688: 1682: 1679: 1672:needs expansion 1657: 1634:oldest existing 1552:capital markets 1528: 1481:Systematic risk 1466:Social dividend 1426:Economic bubble 1391: 1323:Hedge (finance) 1308:Government bond 1261:Estate planning 1191:Personal budget 1185: 1181:Social security 1164:Defined benefit 1157: 984: 919: 918: 900:Too big to fail 885:Systematic risk 798:Ethical banking 788:Cost of capital 763: 755: 754: 701:Private banking 671:Islamic banking 651:Hedge (finance) 574:Ethical banking 544:Economic bubble 519:Climate finance 494:Bank regulation 458: 450: 449: 408:Instant payment 354: 346: 345: 269: 252: 251: 87: 79: 76:Bank of England 46: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 6707: 6697: 6696: 6691: 6686: 6684:Legal entities 6681: 6676: 6660: 6659: 6643: 6633: 6625: 6624:External links 6622: 6621: 6620: 6608: 6605: 6602: 6601: 6596:Google Scholar 6579:(3): 383–415. 6557: 6525: 6511: 6505:. p. 24. 6479: 6472: 6451: 6433:Irrera, Anna. 6425: 6402: 6389: 6368: 6345: 6320: 6290: 6257:"Banking 2010" 6245: 6226: 6193: 6154: 6128:(9): 2552–64. 6103: 6065: 6058: 6040: 6018: 5992: 5987:GOBankingRates 5974: 5948: 5939: 5926: 5914: 5892: 5871: 5846: 5815: 5787: 5769: 5751: 5742: 5729: 5711: 5691: 5673: 5633: 5616: 5584: 5571: 5563:Hoggson, N. F. 5555: 5543: 5526: 5505: 5485: 5465: 5440: 5415: 5409:978-1119755647 5408: 5384: 5342: 5341: 5339: 5336: 5334: 5333: 5321: 5298: 5297: 5293: 5292: 5287: 5282: 5277: 5272: 5267: 5262: 5257: 5252: 5247: 5242: 5237: 5232: 5227: 5222: 5217: 5212: 5207: 5202: 5197: 5192: 5187: 5182: 5177: 5172: 5160: 5156: 5155: 5150: 5145: 5140: 5135: 5130: 5125: 5120: 5115: 5110: 5105: 5097:Related lists: 5094: 5093: 5088: 5083: 5081:Mortgage fraud 5078: 5073: 5068: 5063: 5052: 5051: 5046: 5041: 5036: 5031: 5026: 5021: 5016: 5011: 5006: 5001: 4996: 4991: 4986: 4981: 4980: 4979: 4974: 4969: 4959: 4954: 4949: 4944: 4939: 4934: 4929: 4924: 4912: 4911: 4910: 4905: 4900: 4895: 4890: 4885: 4880: 4875: 4870: 4865: 4860: 4858:Private credit 4855: 4850: 4845: 4840: 4835: 4830: 4828:Narrow banking 4825: 4820: 4815: 4813:Mobile banking 4810: 4809: 4808: 4803: 4798: 4788: 4783: 4778: 4773: 4768: 4763: 4758: 4753: 4748: 4743: 4738: 4733: 4728: 4723: 4718: 4713: 4708: 4703: 4698: 4697: 4696: 4686: 4681: 4676: 4661: 4653: 4650: 4641: 4638: 4632: 4629: 4602: 4599: 4588:credit account 4584:credit account 4564: 4561: 4560: 4559: 4552: 4549: 4543: 4533: 4530: 4527: 4521: 4518: 4491: 4488: 4384:Main article: 4381: 4378: 4375: 4374: 4357:September 2008 4325: 4323: 4316: 4309: 4308: 4291:September 2009 4273:of the subject 4271:worldwide view 4266: 4264: 4257: 4251: 4248: 4247: 4246: 4232: 4216: 4213: 4212: 4211: 4171: 4168: 4167: 4166: 4155:Merchant banks 4152: 4145:capital market 4128: 4125: 4124: 4123: 4104: 4098: 4092: 4089:Offshore banks 4086: 4080: 4074: 4055: 4040: 4034: 4028: 4024:capital market 4008:Salt Lake City 3950:Salt Lake City 3941: 3940:Types of banks 3938: 3930: 3929: 3919: 3909: 3903: 3897: 3894:retail banking 3875: 3872: 3871: 3870: 3867: 3864: 3861: 3839: 3838: 3835: 3833: 3829: 3827: 3820: 3818: 3815: 3813: 3810: 3808: 3805: 3803: 3800: 3798: 3735: 3734: 3732: 3731: 3724: 3717: 3709: 3706: 3705: 3699: 3698: 3697: 3696: 3688: 3687: 3683: 3682: 3681: 3680: 3675: 3673:Liquidity risk 3670: 3662: 3661: 3657: 3656: 3655: 3654: 3653: 3652: 3647: 3642: 3632: 3631: 3630: 3625: 3615: 3614: 3613: 3608: 3598: 3597: 3596: 3591: 3590: 3589: 3586: 3576: 3575: 3574: 3569: 3559: 3549: 3548: 3547: 3542: 3537: 3535:Leverage ratio 3532: 3519: 3518: 3514: 3513: 3512: 3511: 3502: 3493: 3481: 3480: 3476: 3475: 3474: 3473: 3472: 3471: 3470: 3469: 3464: 3459: 3454: 3444: 3439: 3429: 3421: 3420: 3397:Main article: 3394: 3391: 3388: 3387: 3384: 3381: 3378: 3372: 3369: 3366: 3363: 3359: 3358: 3355: 3352: 3349: 3344: 3341: 3338: 3333: 3329: 3328: 3325: 3322: 3319: 3313: 3310: 3307: 3301: 3297: 3296: 3293: 3292:United States 3290: 3287: 3281: 3280:United States 3278: 3275: 3269: 3265: 3264: 3261: 3260:United States 3258: 3255: 3249: 3248:United States 3246: 3243: 3237: 3233: 3232: 3229: 3228:United States 3226: 3223: 3217: 3216:United States 3214: 3211: 3208:JPMorgan Chase 3205: 3201: 3200: 3197: 3196:United States 3194: 3191: 3186: 3185:United States 3183: 3180: 3174: 3170: 3169: 3166: 3163: 3160: 3157: 3154: 3151: 3146: 3142: 3141: 3138: 3137:United States 3135: 3132: 3127: 3126:United States 3124: 3121: 3115: 3111: 3110: 3107: 3104: 3101: 3095: 3092: 3089: 3083: 3079: 3078: 3075: 3072: 3069: 3066: 3061: 3057: 3056: 3055:($ millions) 3049: 3046: 3043: 3029: 3026: 3000: 2997: 2988:in the 2000s. 2959:liquidity risk 2942: 2939: 2938: 2937: 2930:Money creation 2927: 2917: 2913: 2909: 2892: 2889: 2863: 2860: 2827: 2826: 2820: 2814: 2808: 2802: 2799:Liquidity risk 2796: 2741: 2740: 2738: 2737: 2730: 2723: 2715: 2712: 2711: 2710: 2709: 2703: 2698: 2693: 2684: 2683: 2677: 2676: 2675: 2674: 2668: 2662: 2653: 2652: 2646: 2645: 2644: 2643: 2638: 2632: 2629:Foundation IRB 2626: 2617: 2616: 2610: 2609: 2608: 2607: 2602: 2596: 2588: 2587: 2581: 2580: 2573: 2570: 2569: 2568: 2563: 2558: 2552: 2547: 2536:interest rates 2525: 2520: 2502: 2495: 2492: 2491: 2490: 2484: 2478: 2472: 2467: 2462: 2457: 2452: 2447: 2442: 2436: 2430: 2425: 2420: 2415: 2410: 2405: 2400: 2393: 2390: 2370:West Yorkshire 2353: 2350: 2342: 2341: 2332: 2331: 2312: 2300: 2282:economic cycle 2261: 2258: 2257: 2256: 2250: 2244: 2233: 2220: 2217:Mobile banking 2214: 2211:Online banking 2208: 2205: 2199: 2180: 2177: 2140: 2137: 2094:Wire transfers 2069: 2066: 2050: 2049: 2046: 2042: 2041: 2038: 1957: 1954: 1921:Middle English 1912: 1909: 1889:Lubbock's Bank 1860:Branch of the 1793:Charter (1694) 1781: 1778: 1721: 1718: 1694:Main article: 1690: 1689: 1669: 1667: 1656: 1653: 1649:Berenberg Bank 1604:, a number of 1544:demand deposit 1530: 1529: 1527: 1526: 1519: 1512: 1504: 1501: 1500: 1499: 1498: 1493: 1488: 1483: 1478: 1476:Sustainability 1473: 1468: 1463: 1458: 1453: 1448: 1443: 1441:Financial risk 1438: 1433: 1428: 1423: 1418: 1413: 1408: 1403: 1395: 1394: 1388: 1387: 1386: 1385: 1380: 1375: 1370: 1365: 1360: 1355: 1350: 1345: 1340: 1335: 1330: 1325: 1320: 1315: 1310: 1305: 1300: 1299: 1298: 1293: 1288: 1283: 1278: 1268: 1263: 1258: 1253: 1248: 1243: 1238: 1236:Bond (finance) 1233: 1232: 1231: 1226: 1221: 1211: 1206: 1198: 1197: 1187: 1186: 1184: 1183: 1178: 1177: 1176: 1174:Social pension 1171: 1166: 1158: 1156: 1155: 1149: 1146: 1145: 1139: 1138: 1137: 1136: 1131: 1126: 1121: 1116: 1108: 1107: 1101: 1100: 1099: 1098: 1093: 1088: 1083: 1078: 1073: 1068: 1063: 1058: 1053: 1048: 1043: 1038: 1033: 1028: 1020: 1019: 1006: 1005: 997: 996: 986: 985: 983: 982: 975: 968: 960: 957: 956: 955: 954: 944: 934: 921: 920: 917: 916: 913: 912: 907: 902: 897: 892: 887: 882: 877: 872: 867: 865:Public finance 862: 857: 852: 847: 842: 841: 840: 835: 830: 825: 820: 810: 805: 800: 795: 790: 785: 780: 775: 773:Bond (finance) 770: 764: 762:Related topics 761: 760: 757: 756: 751: 750: 749: 748: 743: 738: 733: 728: 723: 718: 713: 708: 706:Sustainability 703: 698: 693: 691:Money creation 688: 686:Mobile banking 683: 678: 673: 668: 663: 658: 653: 648: 643: 638: 633: 628: 627: 626: 621: 616: 611: 606: 601: 596: 591: 586: 576: 571: 566: 561: 556: 551: 546: 541: 536: 531: 526: 521: 516: 511: 506: 501: 496: 491: 486: 481: 480: 479: 474: 459: 456: 455: 452: 451: 448: 447: 442: 437: 432: 427: 426: 425: 415: 410: 405: 400: 399: 398: 393: 383: 382: 381: 376: 366: 361: 355: 353:Funds transfer 352: 351: 348: 347: 342: 341: 340: 339: 334: 329: 324: 316: 315: 311: 310: 306: 305: 300: 295: 290: 285: 283:Christmas club 277: 276: 270: 258: 257: 254: 253: 248:Lists of banks 245: 244: 239: 234: 229: 224: 219: 214: 209: 204: 202:Postal savings 199: 194: 189: 184: 179: 177:Mutual savings 174: 169: 164: 159: 154: 149: 144: 139: 134: 129: 124: 119: 114: 109: 104: 99: 94: 88: 86:Types of banks 85: 84: 81: 80: 73: 65: 64: 58: 57: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6706: 6695: 6692: 6690: 6687: 6685: 6682: 6680: 6677: 6675: 6672: 6671: 6669: 6662: 6657: 6653: 6649: 6648: 6644: 6641: 6637: 6634: 6631: 6628: 6627: 6619: 6615: 6611: 6610: 6597: 6586: 6582: 6578: 6574: 6573: 6568: 6561: 6545: 6544: 6539: 6535: 6529: 6514: 6508: 6504: 6500: 6496: 6495: 6490: 6483: 6475: 6469: 6465: 6458: 6456: 6440: 6436: 6429: 6421: 6417: 6413: 6406: 6399: 6393: 6378: 6372: 6356: 6349: 6334: 6330: 6324: 6308: 6304: 6303:www5.fdic.gov 6300: 6294: 6286:(638 KB) 6271: 6267: 6266: 6258: 6252: 6250: 6241: 6237: 6230: 6214: 6207: 6203: 6197: 6178: 6174: 6173: 6165: 6158: 6139: 6135: 6131: 6127: 6123: 6122: 6114: 6107: 6100: 6088: 6087: 6079: 6075: 6069: 6061: 6059:9780749484163 6055: 6051: 6044: 6028: 6022: 6006: 6002: 5996: 5988: 5984: 5978: 5963: 5959: 5952: 5943: 5936: 5930: 5923: 5918: 5910: 5906: 5902: 5896: 5888: 5884: 5883: 5875: 5860: 5856: 5850: 5843: 5829: 5828:History World 5825: 5819: 5812: 5801: 5797: 5791: 5783: 5779: 5773: 5765: 5761: 5755: 5746: 5739: 5733: 5726: 5714: 5712:9780203116067 5708: 5704: 5703: 5695: 5688: 5687: 5682: 5677: 5670: 5668: 5654: 5653: 5648: 5644: 5643:Story, Joseph 5637: 5630: 5619: 5613: 5609: 5605: 5601: 5600: 5595: 5588: 5581: 5575: 5568: 5564: 5559: 5552: 5547: 5539: 5538: 5530: 5523: 5519: 5515: 5509: 5503: 5499: 5495: 5489: 5483: 5479: 5475: 5469: 5454: 5450: 5444: 5429: 5425: 5419: 5411: 5405: 5402:. p. 3. 5401: 5397: 5396: 5388: 5381: 5375: 5362: 5358: 5354: 5347: 5343: 5332: 5322: 5320: 5310: 5309: 5306: 5296: 5291: 5288: 5286: 5283: 5281: 5278: 5276: 5273: 5271: 5268: 5266: 5263: 5261: 5258: 5256: 5253: 5251: 5248: 5246: 5243: 5241: 5238: 5236: 5233: 5231: 5228: 5226: 5223: 5221: 5218: 5216: 5213: 5211: 5208: 5206: 5203: 5201: 5198: 5196: 5193: 5191: 5188: 5186: 5183: 5181: 5178: 5176: 5173: 5171: 5168: 5167: 5166: 5165: 5161: 5159: 5154: 5151: 5149: 5146: 5144: 5141: 5139: 5136: 5134: 5131: 5129: 5128:List of banks 5126: 5124: 5121: 5119: 5116: 5114: 5111: 5109: 5106: 5104: 5101: 5100: 5099: 5098: 5092: 5089: 5087: 5084: 5082: 5079: 5077: 5074: 5072: 5069: 5067: 5064: 5062: 5059: 5058: 5057: 5056: 5050: 5047: 5045: 5042: 5040: 5037: 5035: 5032: 5030: 5027: 5025: 5022: 5020: 5017: 5015: 5012: 5010: 5009:Offshore bank 5007: 5005: 5002: 5000: 4999:Merchant bank 4997: 4995: 4992: 4990: 4989:Mortgage bank 4987: 4985: 4982: 4978: 4975: 4973: 4972:Bulge bracket 4970: 4968: 4965: 4964: 4963: 4960: 4958: 4955: 4953: 4950: 4948: 4945: 4943: 4940: 4938: 4935: 4933: 4930: 4928: 4927:Bankers' bank 4925: 4923: 4920: 4919: 4918: 4917: 4913: 4909: 4908:Wire transfer 4906: 4904: 4901: 4899: 4896: 4894: 4891: 4889: 4886: 4884: 4881: 4879: 4876: 4874: 4871: 4869: 4866: 4864: 4861: 4859: 4856: 4854: 4851: 4849: 4846: 4844: 4841: 4839: 4836: 4834: 4831: 4829: 4826: 4824: 4821: 4819: 4816: 4814: 4811: 4807: 4804: 4802: 4799: 4797: 4794: 4793: 4792: 4789: 4787: 4784: 4782: 4779: 4777: 4774: 4772: 4769: 4767: 4764: 4762: 4759: 4757: 4754: 4752: 4749: 4747: 4744: 4742: 4739: 4737: 4734: 4732: 4729: 4727: 4724: 4722: 4719: 4717: 4714: 4712: 4709: 4707: 4704: 4702: 4699: 4695: 4692: 4691: 4690: 4687: 4685: 4684:Banking agent 4682: 4680: 4677: 4675: 4672: 4671: 4670: 4669: 4665: 4664: 4659: 4649: 4647: 4637: 4628: 4625: 4621: 4617: 4613: 4608: 4598: 4596: 4591: 4589: 4585: 4581: 4577: 4569: 4557: 4553: 4550: 4547: 4544: 4541: 4537: 4534: 4531: 4528: 4525: 4522: 4519: 4516: 4512: 4509: 4508: 4507: 4504: 4501: 4497: 4487: 4483: 4481: 4477: 4473: 4468: 4466: 4460: 4453: 4449: 4445: 4443: 4442:asset quality 4437: 4433: 4429: 4427: 4422: 4420: 4416: 4412: 4404: 4403:New York City 4400: 4396: 4392: 4387: 4380:United States 4371: 4368: 4360: 4350: 4346: 4342: 4336: 4335: 4331: 4326:This section 4324: 4320: 4315: 4314: 4305: 4302: 4294: 4284: 4280: 4274: 4272: 4265: 4256: 4255: 4244: 4240: 4236: 4235:Islamic banks 4233: 4230: 4226: 4225:interest rate 4222: 4221:Central banks 4219: 4218: 4209: 4205: 4204:bancassurance 4201: 4197: 4194: 4193: 4189: 4188:Latin America 4185: 4181: 4176: 4164: 4160: 4159:trade finance 4156: 4153: 4150: 4146: 4142: 4138: 4134: 4131: 4130: 4121: 4117: 4113: 4109: 4105: 4102: 4101:Ethical banks 4099: 4096: 4095:Savings banks 4093: 4090: 4087: 4084: 4083:Private banks 4081: 4078: 4075: 4072: 4067: 4063: 4059: 4058:Credit unions 4056: 4052: 4048: 4044: 4041: 4038: 4035: 4032: 4029: 4025: 4021: 4017: 4014: 4013: 4009: 4004: 3998: 3997:Al-Rajhi Bank 3995: 3991: 3985: 3981: 3977: 3974:An office of 3972: 3966: 3962: 3958: 3951: 3946: 3937: 3935: 3927: 3923: 3920: 3918:and families; 3917: 3913: 3910: 3907: 3904: 3901: 3898: 3895: 3892: 3891: 3890: 3885: 3880: 3868: 3865: 3862: 3859: 3858: 3857: 3854: 3852: 3851:credit unions 3848: 3843: 3836: 3834: 3830: 3828: 3825: 3821: 3819: 3816: 3814: 3811: 3809: 3806: 3804: 3801: 3799: 3795: 3794: 3793: 3790: 3788: 3784: 3777: 3773: 3768: 3764: 3762: 3758: 3754: 3750: 3746: 3741: 3730: 3725: 3723: 3718: 3716: 3711: 3710: 3708: 3707: 3704: 3701: 3700: 3695: 3692: 3691: 3690: 3689: 3685: 3684: 3679: 3676: 3674: 3671: 3669: 3666: 3665: 3664: 3663: 3659: 3658: 3651: 3648: 3646: 3643: 3641: 3638: 3637: 3636: 3633: 3629: 3626: 3624: 3621: 3620: 3619: 3616: 3612: 3609: 3607: 3604: 3603: 3602: 3599: 3595: 3592: 3587: 3585: 3582: 3581: 3580: 3577: 3573: 3570: 3568: 3565: 3564: 3563: 3560: 3558: 3555: 3554: 3553: 3550: 3546: 3543: 3541: 3538: 3536: 3533: 3531: 3530:Capital ratio 3528: 3527: 3526: 3523: 3522: 3521: 3520: 3516: 3515: 3510: 3506: 3503: 3501: 3497: 3494: 3492: 3488: 3485: 3484: 3483: 3482: 3478: 3477: 3468: 3465: 3463: 3460: 3458: 3455: 3453: 3450: 3449: 3448: 3445: 3443: 3440: 3438: 3435: 3434: 3433: 3432:Basel Accords 3430: 3428: 3425: 3424: 3423: 3422: 3414: 3413: 3410: 3406: 3400: 3385: 3382: 3379: 3376: 3373: 3370: 3367: 3364: 3361: 3360: 3356: 3353: 3350: 3348: 3345: 3342: 3339: 3337: 3334: 3331: 3330: 3326: 3323: 3320: 3317: 3314: 3311: 3308: 3305: 3304:Sumitomo Bank 3302: 3299: 3298: 3294: 3291: 3288: 3286:& Co Inc 3285: 3284:Merrill Lynch 3282: 3279: 3276: 3273: 3270: 3267: 3266: 3262: 3259: 3256: 3253: 3250: 3247: 3244: 3241: 3238: 3235: 3234: 3230: 3227: 3224: 3221: 3220:Bank One Corp 3218: 3215: 3212: 3209: 3206: 3203: 3202: 3198: 3195: 3192: 3190: 3187: 3184: 3181: 3178: 3175: 3172: 3171: 3167: 3164: 3161: 3158: 3155: 3152: 3150: 3147: 3144: 3143: 3139: 3136: 3133: 3131: 3128: 3125: 3122: 3119: 3116: 3113: 3112: 3108: 3105: 3102: 3100:Holding N.V. 3099: 3096: 3093: 3090: 3087: 3084: 3081: 3080: 3076: 3074:Mid industry 3073: 3070: 3067: 3062: 3059: 3058: 3040: 3037: 3034: 3025: 3023: 3019: 3015: 3011: 3005: 2996: 2994: 2989: 2987: 2983: 2979: 2975: 2970: 2968: 2964: 2960: 2952: 2947: 2935: 2931: 2928: 2925: 2921: 2918: 2914: 2910: 2906: 2902: 2898: 2897: 2896: 2887: 2880: 2876: 2872: 2868: 2859: 2857: 2856: 2851: 2846: 2844: 2843:risk weighted 2840: 2839:balance sheet 2836: 2832: 2824: 2821: 2818: 2815: 2812: 2809: 2806: 2803: 2800: 2797: 2794: 2791: 2790: 2789: 2786: 2784: 2780: 2776: 2772: 2768: 2762: 2758: 2754: 2748: 2736: 2731: 2729: 2724: 2722: 2717: 2716: 2714: 2713: 2707: 2704: 2702: 2699: 2697: 2694: 2691: 2688: 2687: 2686: 2685: 2682: 2679: 2678: 2672: 2669: 2666: 2663: 2660: 2657: 2656: 2655: 2654: 2651: 2648: 2647: 2642: 2639: 2636: 2633: 2630: 2627: 2624: 2621: 2620: 2619: 2618: 2615: 2612: 2611: 2606: 2603: 2600: 2597: 2595: 2592: 2591: 2590: 2589: 2586: 2583: 2582: 2578: 2577: 2567: 2564: 2562: 2559: 2556: 2553: 2551: 2548: 2545: 2541: 2537: 2533: 2529: 2526: 2524: 2521: 2518: 2514: 2510: 2506: 2503: 2501: 2500:Business loan 2498: 2497: 2488: 2485: 2482: 2479: 2476: 2473: 2471: 2468: 2466: 2463: 2461: 2460:Time deposits 2458: 2456: 2453: 2451: 2448: 2446: 2443: 2440: 2437: 2434: 2431: 2429: 2426: 2424: 2421: 2419: 2416: 2414: 2411: 2409: 2406: 2404: 2401: 2399: 2396: 2395: 2387: 2383: 2378: 2371: 2367: 2363: 2358: 2349: 2345: 2339: 2334: 2333: 2329: 2325: 2321: 2317: 2313: 2309: 2305: 2301: 2298: 2297:cross-selling 2294: 2290: 2289: 2288: 2285: 2283: 2278: 2273: 2271: 2267: 2254: 2251: 2248: 2245: 2242: 2237: 2236:Video banking 2234: 2232: 2228: 2224: 2221: 2218: 2215: 2212: 2209: 2206: 2203: 2200: 2197: 2194: 2193: 2192: 2185: 2176: 2174: 2173:trade finance 2170: 2166: 2162: 2158: 2154: 2150: 2146: 2136: 2132: 2128: 2126: 2122: 2118: 2114: 2113:term deposits 2109: 2107: 2103: 2099: 2095: 2091: 2087: 2079: 2074: 2065: 2063: 2059: 2055: 2047: 2044: 2043: 2039: 2036: 2032: 2031: 2030: 2028: 2024: 2019: 2016: 2012: 2008: 2000: 1995: 1988: 1984: 1980: 1976: 1974: 1970: 1966: 1961: 1953: 1951: 1947: 1943: 1940: 1936: 1933: 1929: 1926: 1925:Middle French 1922: 1918: 1908: 1906: 1902: 1898: 1894: 1890: 1886: 1882: 1878: 1868: 1863: 1859: 1854: 1850: 1848: 1844: 1840: 1836: 1832: 1827: 1825: 1821: 1817: 1813: 1809: 1805: 1801: 1794: 1792: 1786: 1777: 1775: 1771: 1767: 1763: 1759: 1755: 1751: 1747: 1743: 1739: 1735: 1731: 1727: 1717: 1711: 1707: 1702: 1697: 1686: 1677: 1673: 1670:This section 1668: 1665: 1661: 1660: 1652: 1650: 1646: 1645:merchant bank 1642: 1638: 1635: 1631: 1627: 1623: 1619: 1615: 1611: 1607: 1603: 1599: 1598:ancient world 1595: 1591: 1587: 1582: 1580: 1579:Basel Accords 1576: 1572: 1568: 1564: 1560: 1555: 1553: 1549: 1545: 1541: 1537: 1525: 1520: 1518: 1513: 1511: 1506: 1505: 1503: 1502: 1497: 1496:Watered stock 1494: 1492: 1489: 1487: 1484: 1482: 1479: 1477: 1474: 1472: 1469: 1467: 1464: 1462: 1459: 1457: 1456:Market impact 1454: 1452: 1449: 1447: 1444: 1442: 1439: 1437: 1434: 1432: 1429: 1427: 1424: 1422: 1419: 1417: 1414: 1412: 1409: 1407: 1404: 1402: 1401:Asset pricing 1399: 1398: 1397: 1396: 1390: 1389: 1384: 1381: 1379: 1376: 1374: 1371: 1369: 1366: 1364: 1361: 1359: 1356: 1354: 1351: 1349: 1346: 1344: 1341: 1339: 1336: 1334: 1331: 1329: 1326: 1324: 1321: 1319: 1316: 1314: 1311: 1309: 1306: 1304: 1301: 1297: 1294: 1292: 1289: 1287: 1284: 1282: 1279: 1277: 1274: 1273: 1272: 1269: 1267: 1264: 1262: 1259: 1257: 1254: 1252: 1249: 1247: 1244: 1242: 1239: 1237: 1234: 1230: 1227: 1225: 1222: 1220: 1217: 1216: 1215: 1212: 1210: 1207: 1205: 1202: 1201: 1200: 1199: 1196: 1192: 1189: 1188: 1182: 1179: 1175: 1172: 1170: 1167: 1165: 1162: 1161: 1160: 1159: 1154: 1151: 1150: 1148: 1147: 1144: 1141: 1140: 1135: 1132: 1130: 1127: 1125: 1122: 1120: 1117: 1115: 1112: 1111: 1110: 1109: 1106: 1103: 1102: 1097: 1094: 1092: 1089: 1087: 1084: 1082: 1079: 1077: 1074: 1072: 1069: 1067: 1064: 1062: 1059: 1057: 1054: 1052: 1049: 1047: 1044: 1042: 1039: 1037: 1034: 1032: 1029: 1027: 1024: 1023: 1022: 1021: 1018: 1015: 1011: 1008: 1007: 1003: 999: 998: 995: 992: 991: 981: 976: 974: 969: 967: 962: 961: 959: 958: 953: 949: 945: 943: 935: 933: 925: 924: 923: 922: 915: 914: 911: 910:Watered stock 908: 906: 903: 901: 898: 896: 893: 891: 890:Systemic risk 888: 886: 883: 881: 878: 876: 873: 871: 868: 866: 863: 861: 858: 856: 853: 851: 850:List of banks 848: 846: 843: 839: 836: 834: 831: 829: 826: 824: 821: 819: 816: 815: 814: 811: 809: 806: 804: 801: 799: 796: 794: 791: 789: 786: 784: 781: 779: 776: 774: 771: 769: 768:Asset pricing 766: 765: 759: 758: 747: 744: 742: 739: 737: 734: 732: 729: 727: 724: 722: 719: 717: 714: 712: 709: 707: 704: 702: 699: 697: 694: 692: 689: 687: 684: 682: 679: 677: 674: 672: 669: 667: 664: 662: 659: 657: 654: 652: 649: 647: 644: 642: 639: 637: 634: 632: 629: 625: 622: 620: 617: 615: 612: 610: 607: 605: 602: 600: 597: 595: 592: 590: 587: 585: 582: 581: 580: 577: 575: 572: 570: 567: 565: 562: 560: 557: 555: 552: 550: 547: 545: 542: 540: 539:Eco-investing 537: 535: 532: 530: 529:Disinvestment 527: 525: 522: 520: 517: 515: 512: 510: 509:Capital asset 507: 505: 502: 500: 497: 495: 492: 490: 487: 485: 482: 478: 475: 473: 470: 469: 468: 465: 464: 463: 462: 454: 453: 446: 443: 441: 438: 436: 433: 431: 428: 424: 421: 420: 419: 416: 414: 411: 409: 406: 404: 401: 397: 394: 392: 389: 388: 387: 384: 380: 377: 375: 372: 371: 370: 367: 365: 362: 360: 357: 356: 350: 349: 338: 335: 333: 330: 328: 325: 323: 320: 319: 318: 317: 313: 312: 309: 304: 301: 299: 296: 294: 291: 289: 286: 284: 281: 280: 279: 278: 274: 273: 268: 265: 261: 256: 255: 250: 249: 243: 240: 238: 235: 233: 230: 228: 225: 223: 220: 218: 215: 213: 210: 208: 205: 203: 200: 198: 195: 193: 192:Participation 190: 188: 185: 183: 180: 178: 175: 173: 172:Middle market 170: 168: 165: 163: 160: 158: 155: 153: 150: 148: 145: 143: 140: 138: 135: 133: 130: 128: 125: 123: 120: 118: 115: 113: 110: 108: 105: 103: 102:Bulge bracket 100: 98: 95: 93: 90: 89: 83: 82: 77: 71: 67: 66: 63: 60: 59: 56: 52: 51: 48: 44: 40: 33: 19: 6661: 6645: 6639: 6613: 6594:– via 6588:. Retrieved 6576: 6570: 6560: 6548:. Retrieved 6541: 6534:Lipton, Eric 6528: 6516:. Retrieved 6493: 6482: 6463: 6442:. Retrieved 6438: 6428: 6419: 6415: 6405: 6397: 6392: 6380:. Retrieved 6371: 6359:. Retrieved 6348: 6336:. Retrieved 6332: 6323: 6311:. Retrieved 6307:the original 6302: 6293: 6277:. Retrieved 6270:the original 6263: 6239: 6229: 6217:. Retrieved 6215:. p. 31 6196: 6184:. Retrieved 6177:the original 6170: 6157: 6145:. Retrieved 6138:the original 6125: 6119: 6106: 6098: 6091:. Retrieved 6084: 6068: 6049: 6043: 6031:. Retrieved 6021: 6009:. Retrieved 6004: 5995: 5986: 5977: 5965:. Retrieved 5961: 5951: 5942: 5929: 5917: 5904: 5895: 5881: 5874: 5862:. Retrieved 5858: 5849: 5838: 5831:. Retrieved 5827: 5818: 5810: 5803:. Retrieved 5799: 5790: 5782:the original 5772: 5763: 5754: 5745: 5732: 5723: 5716:. Retrieved 5701: 5694: 5686:Foley v Hill 5684: 5676: 5666: 5664: 5657:. Retrieved 5651: 5636: 5628: 5621:. Retrieved 5598: 5587: 5579: 5574: 5566: 5558: 5546: 5536: 5529: 5512:N Luhmann – 5508: 5488: 5472:M. Chahin – 5468: 5456:. Retrieved 5452: 5443: 5431:. Retrieved 5427: 5418: 5393: 5387: 5373: 5372: 5365:. Retrieved 5361:the original 5356: 5346: 5294: 5163: 5162: 5157: 5096: 5095: 5071:Cheque fraud 5066:Bank robbery 5054: 5053: 5034:Savings bank 5019:Private bank 4952:Ethical bank 4947:Credit union 4937:Central bank 4915: 4914: 4801:Pre-approval 4711:Cash advance 4667: 4666: 4643: 4634: 4611: 4610:funds being 4606: 4604: 4592: 4587: 4583: 4574: 4513:or ordinary 4505: 4493: 4484: 4469: 4461: 4457: 4438: 4434: 4430: 4423: 4408: 4363: 4354: 4339:Please help 4327: 4297: 4288: 4268: 4163:venture caps 4066:cooperatives 3931: 3888: 3884:Toledo, Ohio 3855: 3844: 3840: 3791: 3786: 3782: 3780: 3745:central bank 3742: 3738: 3645:Standardized 3606:Standardized 3500:Central bank 3408: 3375:UFJ Holdings 3165:Switzerland 3156:Switzerland 3106:Netherlands 3094:Netherlands 3086:RFS Holdings 3035: 3031: 3006: 3002: 2990: 2971: 2956: 2949:OTP Bank in 2894: 2853: 2847: 2828: 2787: 2764: 2635:Advanced IRB 2470:Cheque books 2346: 2343: 2324:credit cards 2286: 2274: 2263: 2190: 2142: 2133: 2129: 2110: 2083: 2058:direct debit 2051: 2026: 2022: 2020: 2014: 2010: 2004: 1962: 1959: 1941: 1934: 1927: 1916: 1914: 1874: 1871:in the 1910s 1838: 1828: 1798: 1788: 1780:Early modern 1723: 1715: 1705: 1680: 1676:adding to it 1671: 1583: 1556: 1535: 1533: 1421:Credit union 1405: 1318:Growth stock 1296:independence 1056:Student loan 1013: 823:participants 696:Pension fund 504:Asset growth 499:Bank secrecy 374:Bill payment 293:Money-market 263: 246: 127:Credit union 61: 47: 18:Foreign bank 6546:. Macon, Ga 6338:28 February 6313:4 September 6147:13 December 6089:. p. 1 6033:8 September 5640:, Compare: 5492:ME Stevens 5076:Cyber Crime 5049:Zombie bank 5039:Shadow bank 5024:Public bank 4721:Call report 4716:Credit Card 4595:credit card 4540:Keogh plans 4538:(IRAs) and 4465:credit card 4239:Islamic law 4027:businesses. 3601:Market risk 3552:Credit risk 3362:2005-02-18 3336:HM Treasury 3332:2009-02-26 3316:Sakura Bank 3300:1999-10-13 3268:2008-09-14 3252:FleetBoston 3236:2003-10-27 3204:2004-01-14 3173:1998-04-13 3145:2014-09-29 3114:1998-04-06 3082:2007-04-25 3053:transaction 2980:, the U.S. 2963:credit risk 2941:Bank crisis 2805:Market risk 2793:Credit risk 2614:Credit risk 2585:Market risk 2544:derivatives 2540:commodities 2450:Mutual fund 2403:Credit card 2320:smart cards 2316:debit cards 1946:Renaissance 1930:, from Old 1897:Rothschilds 1865: [ 1862:Vyborg-Bank 1762:Medici Bank 1726:Renaissance 1683:August 2020 1637:retail bank 1630:Rothschilds 1416:Cooperative 1378:Stockbroker 1368:Speculation 1353:Market risk 1081:Refinancing 1071:Payday loan 1051:Rent-to-own 1041:Credit card 1036:Charge card 855:Market risk 746:Toxic asset 716:Speculation 604:engineering 142:Development 122:Cooperative 6668:Categories 6590:28 January 6444:2 November 6288:charts 7–8 6172:EconPapers 6093:28 January 5522:0202307646 5502:0801047773 5482:0700714529 5338:References 5061:Bank fraud 4868:Soft probe 4843:Piggy bank 4474:, through 4454:, New York 4182:office in 4137:underwrite 3694:Disclosure 3678:Legal risk 3491:Regulation 3479:Background 3403:See also: 3393:Regulation 3386:41,431.03 3357:41,878.65 3327:45,494.36 3295:48,766.15 3289:Brokerage 3263:49,260.63 3231:58,663.15 3199:61,633.40 3168:65,891.51 3140:72,558.18 3123:Insurance 3109:98,189.19 2953:(Slovakia) 2884:See also: 2848:After the 2751:See also: 2408:Debit card 2078:bank vault 1999:Nepal Bank 1997:Branch of 1956:Definition 1950:Florentine 1942:banc, bank 1905:Suez canal 1899:pioneered 1808:goldsmiths 1628:, and the 1626:Berenbergs 1219:allocation 1195:investment 1143:Retirement 1096:Bankruptcy 1066:Title loan 828:regulation 477:management 472:allocation 369:Electronic 162:Industrial 157:Investment 137:Depository 112:Commercial 6422:(1): 232. 6361:8 January 6265:TheCityUK 5833:20 August 5718:20 August 5659:20 August 5350:Compare: 5044:Sparebank 4888:Tax haven 4833:Overdraft 4646:Bloomberg 4616:hot money 4480:brokerage 4328:does not 4283:talk page 4184:São Paulo 4054:branches. 3980:Mariehamn 3749:banknotes 3447:Basel III 3210:& Co 3065:industry 3020::13000+, 3016::12000+, 3012::18000+, 2901:banknotes 2550:Term loan 2386:Liverpool 2360:A former 2165:insurance 2117:banknotes 2035:Singapore 1911:Etymology 1885:overdraft 1831:depositor 1804:banknotes 1776:, Italy. 1600:. In the 1571:liquidity 1271:Financial 1224:economics 808:Financial 599:economics 579:Financial 445:BRICS PAY 237:Wholesale 232:Universal 132:Custodian 6518:14 March 5909:Archived 5738:currency 5623:12 March 5604:Westport 5524:(p. 181) 4922:Bad bank 4806:Subprime 4652:See also 4511:Passbook 4399:Brooklyn 4395:Citibank 4277:You may 3978:bank in 3787:customer 3442:Basel II 3405:Basel II 3130:Citicorp 3098:ABN-AMRO 3051:Value of 2974:bank run 2673:(SA-CCR) 2445:Mortgage 2398:ATM card 2352:Products 2266:interest 2179:Channels 2108:(ATMs). 1915:The word 1858:Helsinki 1820:receipts 1730:Florence 1720:Medieval 1540:deposits 1392:See also 1031:Car loan 1026:Mortgage 932:Category 624:services 609:forecast 584:analysis 489:Bad debt 275:Accounts 260:Accounts 197:Payments 187:Offshore 167:Merchant 92:Advising 6679:Banking 6654:(OCC), 6650:(PDF). 6550:13 July 6279:20 June 6219:13 July 6186:13 July 5649:(ed.). 5565:(1926) 5376:means: 5367:20 July 5305:Portals 4761:Finance 4349:removed 4334:sources 3618:CVA vol 3487:Banking 3467:Endgame 3437:Basel I 3159:UBS AG 3077:Nation 3068:Nation 2879:Estonia 2875:Tallinn 2771:capital 2637:(A-IRB) 2631:(F-IRB) 2517:hybrids 2311:credit. 2308:default 2270:profits 2092:(ACH), 1973:cheques 1932:Italian 1847:default 1754:Peruzzi 1655:History 1622:Welsers 1618:Fuggers 1610:Medicis 1594:lending 1559:economy 1446:Fintech 1291:planner 1276:adviser 1153:Pension 942:Commons 619:planner 589:analyst 337:Prepaid 298:Savings 288:Deposit 222:Savings 207:Private 182:Neobank 107:Central 62:Banking 6618:online 6509: 6470: 6382:6 June 6353:TNAU. 6240:Forbes 6056: 6011:5 July 5967:9 July 5901:"bank" 5709: 5667:mutuum 5614: 5520: 5500: 5480: 5458:14 May 5433:14 May 5406: 5295: 5055:Crime: 4726:Cheque 4243:markup 4051:Punjab 3976:Nordea 3628:SA-CVA 3623:BA-CVA 3584:SA-CCR 3545:Tier 2 3540:Tier 1 3383:Japan 3380:Banks 3371:Japan 3368:Banks 3351:Banks 3324:Japan 3321:Banks 3312:Japan 3309:Banks 3277:Banks 3257:Banks 3245:Banks 3225:Banks 3213:Banks 3193:Banks 3182:Banks 3162:Banks 3153:Banks 3149:UBS AG 3134:Banks 3103:Banks 2951:Prešov 2905:cheque 2775:equity 2759:, and 2534:(FX), 2509:equity 2489:(RTGS) 2483:(NEFT) 2392:Retail 2322:, and 2277:spread 2104:, and 2102:EFTPOS 2054:EFTPOS 2015:banker 2011:banker 1963:Under 1928:banque 1839:mutuum 1833:, and 1824:bailee 1816:vaults 1812:London 1748:. 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