443:
503:(ppt) range, from about 1810, until about i840. Around 1840, the foraminifera and mollusc species present changed, and vegetation almost completely disappeared from the bottom, indicating a rise in salinity to above 25 ppt. Those conditions continued until about 1910, when the pre-1840 conditions returned, with relatively dense vegetation on the bay floor. The bay floor remains covered with vegetation, but variations in the foraminifera and mollusc species present indicate rapid oscillations in salinity levels since 1940. Around 1970, changes in species and a reduction in the amount of vegetation for a few years indicated a sharp increase in salinity.
425:
439:) were devastated by high levels of toxic dissolved sulfide. 10,000 acres died in the central and western bay, and almost 60,000 additional acres suffered reduced productivity and biomass as a result. Then, following the 2015 drought, extreme temperatures and heightened salinity reduced the amount of oxygen that could remain dissolved in the water, causing periods of anoxia during nighttime and thereby damaging the health of the turtlegrass in the bay. During the summer and fall of 2015, approximately 40,000 acres of seagrass died.
552:
than 80 °F (27 °C) and salinity levels below 37.5 parts per thousand (ppt) are ideal for seatrout spawning; however, water management stations in the
Everglades and Florida Bay reported salinity levels of 64.4 ppt in July 2015 and recorded water temperatures of up to 92 °F (33 °C). These environmental conditions are far from ideal for the seatrout and add additional difficulties for the survival of juveniles as well as important prey such as larval shrimp and small fish.
523:(also known as blue-green algae) have flourished in the bay due to a variety of environmental stressors: Agricultural fertilizer run-off increases nutrients in the delicately balanced environment and the excess increases the bacteria's rate of growth; The newly hyper-saline environment provides an ideal breeding ground for cyanobacteria; Rafts of dead seagrass floating on the surface of the water as well as decaying on the bay bottom leads to anoxia and in turn, algal blooms.
251:, which occurs at different rates across the bay. Carbonate is produced at high enough rates in the more open (western) part of the bay for mud mounds to acquire sediment, and have grown together to form large structures, while mounds in the central past of the bay can grow only by the movement of sediment from the borroms of basins onto the mounds. Mounds in the inner part of the bay are smaller, and grow slowly because of low production rates of carbonate.
3414:
3426:
20:
59:
105:
1963:
507:
From 1910 to 1940, salinity was between 18 and 25 ppt. Salinity rose to above 25 ppt around 1940, and stayed there until about 1960, when it fell to between 15 and 25 ppt until 1980. As at the Bob Allen site, there was a brief event around 1970 that severely disrupted the presence of various species at
Russell Bank. Around 1980, salinity again rose above 25 ppt.
527:
drinking water and fish flesh, and the production of toxins severe enough to poison aquatic as well as terrestrial organisms. Blooms have been reported throughout the continental United States, and resulting cyanotoxins have been associated with human and animal illness and death in at least 43 states. Most cyanobacteria produce the
262:(east) side at a rate of 20 centimetres (7.9 in) vertically and 2 to 3 metres (6 ft 7 in to 9 ft 10 in) laterally over five years, while the leeward (west) side is growing at a rate of 10 centimetres (3.9 in) vertically and 10 to 20 metres (33 to 66 ft) laterally 0ver the same five years.
415:
Florida Bay has undergone a series of ecological changes beginning in the late 1980s that have severely altered the ecosystem. Originally, clean freshwater flowed south through the state into the
Florida Bay. To support the state's agricultural water needs, namely for sugar cultivation, the water was
531:
beta-N-methylamino-l-alanine (BMAA) that has been implicated as a significant environmental risk in the development of neurodegenerative diseases such as
Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The cyanobacteria has also been linked to liver cancer, chronic
498:
extracted from mud banks have provided a record of past salinity levels in a few parts of the bay, going back about two centuries in one case. At a site called Bob Allen in the central part of the bay, sparse seagrass cover was present from the bottom of the core, and the species present indicated a
247:, and irregularities in the bedrock surface served as nuclei for mud banks. The mud mounds (islands and banks) of Florida Bay, which divide the bay into many basins or lakes, are subject to various processes that degrade, move, and built the mounds. These processes are dependent on the production of
510:
The 2015 drought period of low precipitation combined with high temperatures and calm winds that produced rapid evaporation caused salinity to increase in the semi-enclosed basins in north-central
Florida Bay. Without the freshwater, the water has become stagnant and salty with excess nitrogen from
551:
Spotted seatrout populations in the coasted
Everglades are declining. As the second most commonly caught species of fish in the Florida Bay, spotted seatrout comprise a large portion of the fishing industry and are integral to the ecosystem as well as surrounding economy. Water temperature of less
506:
A second core from
Russell Bank, also in the central part of the bay, goes back to about 1876. Until about 1884, salinity at the location was greater than 25 ppt. From 1884 to about 1900 salinity was below 25 ppt, and below 18 ppt at times. From about 1900 to about 1910 salinity rose above 25 ppt.
116:
The bay consists of more than 50 shallow (one to three meters deep) basins or lakes separated by mud banks and mangrove islands. Such basins include: Little
Blackwater Sound, Blackwater Sound, Tarpon Basin, Buttonwood Sound, Duck Key Basin, Eagle Key Basin, Madeira Bay, Calusa Key Basin, Crane Key
560:
The bay is an economic and environmental asset. As of 2017, the recreational fishing industry in
Florida Bay had an estimated value of $ 7.1 billion, and generated $ 73 million in federal, state and local taxes annually, while the bay's commercial fishing industry had an estimated value of $ 400
526:
Blue-green algae causes numerous severe health consequences for the marine ecosystem as well surrounding human populations. Blooms result in reduced dissolved oxygen concentrations, alterations in aquatic food webs, algal scum lining the shores, the production of compounds that cause distasteful
199:
Throughout the
Wisconsin glaciation the sea level was much lower than today and the area that is now Florida Bay was dry land. As the glaciation ended with the Pleistocene period, sea level rise rapidly, only slowing down about 7,000 years ago as the sea level reached about 8 metres (26 ft)
151:. The top of the bedrock is about 1 metre (3 ft 3 in) below sea level in the northeast corner of the bay, and slopes to 2 to 3 metres (6 ft 7 in to 9 ft 10 in) below sea level in the southwest. Isolated high spots occur at East Key,
547:
The cyanobacteria create an oxygen-free environment teaming with toxic gases, creating an unsuitable living environment for many marine and terrestrial animal species. As a result, seasons during which algal blooms flourish cause a temporary loss in wildlife.
535:
The 2002 algal bloom in the central portion of the Florida Bay was associated with high concentrations of dissolved organic nitrogen and organic phosphorus, whereas the eastern bay regions bloom was associated with high concentration of inorganic nutrients.
183:, centered on about 125,000 years ago. The sea level stood higher then than at present, covering much of what is now southern Florida. A coral reef grew on the eastern edge of the Florida platform, while the shallow, protected waters west of the reef formed
204:-dominated wetlands resembling the Evereglades to develop on the land that is now under Florida Bay. Between 3,000 and 5,000 years ago, the continued rise of the sea level flooded the gently sloping southernmost part of the Everglades to form Florida Bay.
120:
Water flows between the basins in narrow channels and over the mud banks. The bay is open to the Gulf of Mexico to the west, but connection to the Atlantic Ocean to the east is restricted to narrow channels between the Florida Keys. The average
163:
coral. The Miami Limestone under Florida Bay ranges in thickness from about 3 metres (9.8 ft) at Cape Sable to up to 12 metres (39 ft) along the Florida Keys, and 35 metres (115 ft) at Key West, and is underlain by the
569:
Various projects are funded by the government in an attempt to manage the hydrology issues present in the Florida Bay, including the C-111 South Dade, Modified Water Deliveries, and C-111 Spreader Canal Western Project from the
277:
in the packstone may indicate that it formed when the bay was more open. Mud mounds appear to be migrating over the basal packstone in the basins. The basal packstone in the basins has also been reworked by hurricanes.
432:
The rerouting of the flow of freshwater to the Bay coupled with periods of drought have caused massive seagrass die-offs. The first major die-off occurred from 1987 to 1991 as thousands of hectares of turtlegrass beds
125:
along the western edge of the bay is 1 to 1.5 meters, but the tidal range diminishes quickly eastward in the bay due to the restricted flow of water between basins. Fresh water flow into the bay is restricted to
446:
Red = area containing dead turtle grass in patches of varying size; not 100% dead. Yellow = mixed live/dead impacted areas. Green = healthy turtle grass. Striped area = dense seagrass most at risk of die-off
130:
and Trout Creek in the northeast corner of the bay, and is only 10% of the freshwater supply to the bay (rainfall provides the rest of the fresh water). Due to the poor circulation of water within the bay,
200:
below the late 20th century level. Sea level continued to rise thereafter at an average rate of about 11 centimetres (4.3 in) per century. During the last 6,000 to 7,000 years a wet climate allowed
647:
544:
By the mid 1930s, the three main species of wading birds in the bay (Roseate spoonbills, Reddish egrets, Great herons) were driven to near extinction by human harvesting for food and feathers.
70:, Florida Bay is variously stated to be 800 square miles (2,100 km), or 850 square miles (2,200 km), or 1,000 square miles (2,600 km). Nearly all of Florida Bay is included in
273:, which is also found widely on the bottom of basins in the bay. The packstone resembles stone that commonly forms on limestone at the bottom of lakes. The presence of remnants of the algae
1636:
704:
1827:
1348:
1068:
Powell, George V. N.; Bjork, Robin D.; Ogden, John C.; Paul, Richard T.; Powell, A. Harriett; Robertson, William B. (1989). "Population Trends in Some Florida Bay Wading Birds".
258:
across the bay. The mud bank called Upper Cross Bank is 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) long and 400 to 700 metres (1,300 to 2,300 ft) wide. Upper Cross Bank is eroding on the
112:
at the northeastern end of Florida Bay. Blackwater Sound is in the foreground, and Barnes Sound (not part of Florida Bay) is in the background; Jewfish Creek connects the two.
1718:
Brewster-Wingard, G. L.; Ishman, S. E.; Holmes, S. E. (Spring 1998). "Environmental Impacts on the Southern Florida Coastal Waters: A History of Change in Florida Bay".
790:
1507:
1439:
Hudnell, H.K., ed., 2008, Cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms– State of the science and research needs: Advances in Experi- mental Medicine and Biology, v. 619, 950 p.
1200:
Yarbro, L.; Carlson, P. R. Jr. (2016-02-01). "Recurrence of Seagrass Mortality in Florida Bay: The Role of Climate Change and Implications for Carbon Sequestration".
1689:
Bosence, D. W. J. (1995). "Anatomy of a Recent Biodetrital Mud-Mound, Florida Bay, USA". In Monty, C. L. V.; Bosence, D. W. J.; Bridges, P. H.; Pratt, B. R. (eds.).
475:
in Florida Bay have found that historically the salinity of water in Florida Bay has been primarily dependent on rainfall rather than flow from the Everglades.
3498:
1859:
3361:
1923:
U.S. Geological Survey Program on the South Florida Ecosystem; proceedings of South Florida Restoration Science Forum, May 17-19, 1999, Boca Raton, Florida
81:
While there is no sharp boundary between Florida Bay and the Gulf of Mexico, the westernmost edge of Florida Bay can be approximated by a line drawn from
2000:
46:. It is a large, shallow estuary that while connected to the Gulf of Mexico, has limited exchange of water due to various shallow mudbanks covered with
3503:
89:
on the mainland, which is very close to the boundary line of Everglades National Park. The northeastern edge of Florida Bay is at Jewfish Creek in
1426:
416:
rerouted and no longer flows into the Bay. The flow of fresh water is believed to have caused environmental issues and loss of native wildlife.
3483:
673:
1120:
Hanson, Matthew R.; Baldwin, John D. (2017-03-01). "Adjusted Diets of Bald Eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) Breeding In An Altered Estuary".
3254:
2218:
269:, thin layers of different types of rock. The lowest facies of Upper Cross Bank, 15 to 25 centimetres (5.9 to 9.8 in) thick, is a basal
1613:
701:
511:
the fertilizer. This hyper-salinity contributes to the massive seagrass die-offs and algal blooms, and kills submerged aquatic vegetation.
254:
Mud banks in the central part of the bay tend to run in a northwest to southeast direction, corresponding to the direction of approach of
1632:
1835:
460:
increases rapidly away from the margins of the bay, except for the northeast part of the bay where it receives fresh water from rivers.
135:
increases rapidly away from the margins of the bay, except for the northeast part of the bay where it receives fresh water from rivers.
3162:
3147:
3142:
2978:
594:
in 2002. Boating in Florida Bay off the Intracoastal Waterway is considered challenging, because of shallow depths, mud, and seagrass.
235:, and in banks connecting the islands. Peat and caliche remnants from the Everglades tree islands remain under the islands and banks.
3356:
1451:"Cyanobacterial blooms and the occurrence of the neurotoxin, beta-N-methylamino-l-alanine (BMAA), in South Florida aquatic food webs"
571:
243:
As the rising sea level flooded the area that is now Florida Bay between 3,000 and 5,000 years ago, peat deposits from tree islands,
442:
3244:
1294:
3376:
3137:
2983:
1993:
3444:
1391:
3239:
3234:
2948:
2312:
1041:
75:
2046:
1817:
1777:
762:
Smith, Ned P. (Summer 2001). "Tides of Biscayne Bay, Card Sound, Little Card Sound, Barnes Sound, and Manatee Bay, Florida".
3249:
3117:
2958:
721:
574:(CERP). These projects seek to distribute more freshwater into the sloughs but do not deliver additional water to the bay.
1897:
1740:
591:
1986:
586:
goes through Florida Bay, generally following the southern boundary of the Everglades National Park. Florida Bay is a
3508:
2973:
1891:(Navigation chart). 1:180,000. United States Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
1708:
926:
1844:
1250:
1179:
1867:
1787:
Mitchell-Tapping, Hugh J. (Spring 1980). "Depositional History of the Oolite of the Miami Limestone Formation".
1099:
3493:
3392:
2477:
3219:
3152:
1973:
1530:"Evidence for dissolved organic nitrogen and phosphorus uptake during a cyanobacterial bloom in Florida Bay"
1967:
62:
Chart of Florida Bay showing water depths and the shoals and islands that divide it into basins or lakes
3351:
2943:
2305:
1528:
Glibert, P. M.; Heil, C. A.; Hollander, D.; Revilla, M.; Hoare, A.; Alexander, J.; Murasko, S. (2004).
1741:"Sediment, Water Level and Water Temperature Characterisitcs of Florida Bay's Grass-Covered Mud Banks"
1577:
3371:
3229:
2594:
2279:
2132:
2101:
670:
360:) have unique subpopulations that are largely restricted to Florida Bay. Other bird species include
3193:
3157:
3110:
3054:
2953:
2755:
2433:
2197:
211:
throughout the Everglades, clusters of trees growing on slight elevations. Tree islands accumulate
71:
67:
1449:
Brand, Larry E.; Pablo, John; Compton, Angela; Hammerschlag, Neil; Mash, Deborah C. (2010-09-01).
795::Can diurnal variation in photochemical efficiency be used as an ecoindicator of seagrass health?"
16:
The bay between the southern end of the Florida mainland and the Florida Keys in the United States
3044:
3039:
2455:
223:, a dense limestone crust on the limestone bedrock. As the bay flooded, a layer of grey to black
208:
165:
23:
Southern third of Florida, showing Florida Bay in pale green off the southern tip of the mainland
152:
3224:
3004:
2968:
2329:
2228:
2192:
1882:
97:, on the other side of jewfish Creek, is not. Barnes Sound is generally considered part of the
1661:
3366:
3315:
3079:
2792:
2670:
2298:
2274:
1628:
1624:
587:
583:
93:. Blackwater Sound, southwest of Jewfish Creek, is generally considered part of Florida Bay;
50:. The banks separate the bay into basins, each with its own unique physical characteristics.
117:
Basin, Rankin Lake, Whipray Basin, Twin Key Basin, Rabbit Key Basin, and Johnson Key Basin.
3398:
3386:
3275:
3029:
2056:
1541:
1462:
1231:
1209:
959:
806:
689:
435:
259:
176:
109:
648:"This massive seagrass die-off is the latest sign we're failing to protect the Everglades"
478:
Salinity partially controls the occurrence of biota in the bay. The particular species of
8:
3488:
3417:
3290:
3103:
2725:
2710:
2492:
2487:
2467:
2177:
1582:
520:
303:
286:
The bay's many basins that are broken up by banks serve as plentiful fishing grounds for
1545:
1466:
1213:
810:
424:
3198:
3049:
2777:
2655:
2528:
2440:
2428:
2071:
2041:
1886:
1796:
1727:
1559:
1483:
1450:
1389:
1302:
1271:
Lee, Thomas N.; Johns, Elizabeth; Smith, Ryan H.; Ortner, Peter; Smith, Dewitt (2006).
1145:
1077:
906:
859:
Lee, Thomas N.; Johns, Elizabeth; Smith, Ryan H.; Ortner, Peter; Smith, Dewitt (2006).
771:
500:
494:
present in the waters of a locality in Florida Bay depend on the salinity. Analysis of
3425:
3305:
3034:
3024:
3019:
2880:
2762:
2589:
2550:
2402:
2233:
2091:
1813:
1773:
1704:
1488:
1420:
1402:
1392:"Cyanobacterial Harmful Algal Blooms and U.S. Geological Survey Science Capabilities"
1272:
1177:
1137:
922:
860:
337:
224:
180:
1149:
3346:
3280:
3203:
3188:
3084:
3014:
2730:
2683:
2678:
2567:
2533:
2367:
2162:
2021:
1927:
1765:
1762:
Mercury and the Everglades. A Synthesis and Model for Complex Ecosystem Restoration
1694:
1549:
1478:
1470:
1129:
914:
814:
353:
228:
818:
3341:
3320:
3300:
3295:
3059:
2895:
2819:
2750:
2745:
2705:
2650:
2630:
2523:
2482:
2248:
2187:
2157:
2152:
708:
677:
156:
148:
1769:
3429:
3310:
3064:
3009:
2919:
2912:
2902:
2865:
2860:
2855:
2772:
2700:
2574:
2450:
2445:
2397:
2347:
2264:
2243:
2238:
2172:
2167:
2116:
2106:
2076:
2036:
1699:
1329:
1317:
532:
fatigue illness, skin rashes, abdominal cramps, nausea, diarrhea and vomiting.
1474:
244:
3477:
3459:
3446:
3381:
3325:
3183:
2715:
2688:
2472:
2372:
2223:
2147:
2081:
1921:
1673:
1141:
913:. Lecture Notes in Earth Sciences. Vol. 46. Springer. 1993. p. 76.
345:
326:
127:
43:
1978:
3270:
3074:
2988:
2963:
2907:
2870:
2845:
2804:
2787:
2782:
2767:
2645:
2635:
2579:
2377:
2321:
2213:
2182:
2142:
2096:
2066:
2051:
2031:
2026:
1492:
1133:
479:
464:
404:
287:
212:
98:
94:
39:
1660:
International Maritime Organization, "Particularly Sensitive Sea Areas."
1508:"The Lake Okeechobee Pollution Crisis and the St. Lucie River and Estuary"
3178:
2885:
2809:
2665:
2604:
2462:
2357:
2342:
2337:
2086:
1353:
1349:"The Dead Zone Once A Teeming Marine Nursery, Florida Bay Today Is Dying"
495:
468:
172:
160:
122:
1800:
1739:
Holmquist, Jeff G.; Powell, George V.; Sogard, Susan M. (January 1989).
1731:
1563:
1366:
775:
3126:
2850:
2814:
2740:
2695:
2620:
2557:
2513:
2392:
2269:
2137:
1974:
U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Florida Bay
1939:
1554:
1529:
1081:
918:
528:
361:
255:
231:, formed on the bottom. The mud layer is thicker on islands covered by
86:
35:
1672:
U.S. National Park Service. "Florida Bay, Everglades National Park."
2890:
2835:
2735:
2660:
2625:
2562:
2508:
2423:
2418:
2387:
2362:
2352:
2111:
1931:
377:
373:
270:
248:
90:
19:
3069:
2840:
2799:
2720:
2640:
2599:
2584:
2545:
2540:
2518:
2382:
1926:. Open-File Report. Tallahassee, Florida: U. S. Geological Survey.
1898:"Origin, Growth and Evolution of Carbonate Mudbanks in Florida Bay"
887:
491:
457:
385:
365:
318:
295:
274:
232:
188:
132:
82:
47:
1178:
National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior (May 2016).
1042:"Florida Bay and Everglades National Park: Flats-Fishing Paradise"
58:
2875:
483:
472:
396:
392:
369:
220:
201:
104:
31:
1390:
Jennifer L. Graham, Neil M. Dubrovsky, Sandra M. Eberts (2016).
2290:
1962:
976:
974:
400:
381:
336:
The bay is home to many species of wading birds. Most notably,
311:
266:
184:
144:
947:
3095:
1448:
487:
1717:
1335:
1323:
971:
935:
840:
1662:
https://www.imo.org/en/ourwork/environment/pages/pssas.aspx
1527:
216:
1022:
998:
986:
791:"Using PAM fluorometry for landscape level assessment of
745:
743:
590:
designated as a "Particularly Sensitive Sea Area" by the
1828:"Got Trout? Spotted seatrout vanishing from Florida Bay"
1757:
907:"Fort Thompson formation, pleistocene, Florida platform"
74:. The southern edge, along the Florida Keys, is in the
1896:
Wanless, Harold R.; Tagett, Matthew G. (January 1989).
1161:
1159:
875:
1010:
740:
629:
627:
3362:
Environmental Impact of the Big Cypress Swamp Jetport
1812:. Gainesville, Florida: University Press of Florida.
1738:
1248:
456:
Due to the poor circulation of water within the bay,
171:
The Miami Limestone of Florida Bay formed during the
1595:
1593:
1591:
1156:
1067:
911:
Temporal and Spatial Patterns in Carbonate Platforms
1760:. In Pollman, D.; Rumbold, C.; Axelrad, D. (eds.).
1270:
858:
624:
30:is the bay located between the southern end of the
830:
828:
1691:Carbonate Mud-Mounds: Their Origins and Evolution
1588:
1367:"General Information| Harmful Algal Blooms | CDC"
1273:"On Florida Bay Hypersalinity and Water Exchange"
1097:
861:"On Florida Bay Hypersalinity and Water Exchange"
3475:
1786:
941:
893:
825:
3499:Bodies of water of Miami-Dade County, Florida
3255:Ten Thousand Islands National Wildlife Refuge
3111:
2306:
2008:
1994:
1895:
1199:
1119:
980:
968:, 1.1 Origin and Evolution of the Everglades.
561:million, and generated $ 3 million in taxes.
1940:"Florida Bay, A Dynamic Subtropical Estuary"
1919:
1425:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
564:
428:Rafts of dead seagrass in Florida Bay. 2015.
219:, which in turn facilitates the creation of
175:between the most recent glacial period, the
1920:Gerould, Sarah; Higer, Aaron, eds. (1999).
1888:Fowey Rocks to American Shoal (Chart 11450)
1808:Shinn, Eugene A.; Lidz, Barbara H. (2018).
1633:Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences
3118:
3104:
2979:Great White Heron National Wildlife Refuge
2313:
2299:
2001:
1987:
1674:https://www.nps.gov/places/florida-bay.htm
1614:"The Economic Significance of Florida Bay"
1336:Brewster-Wingard, Ishman & Holmes 1998
1324:Brewster-Wingard, Ishman & Holmes 1998
539:
3504:Bodies of water of Monroe County, Florida
3357:Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan
1807:
1720:Journal of Coastal Research Special Issue
1698:
1611:
1553:
1482:
992:
953:
881:
846:
749:
572:Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan
3245:Florida Panther National Wildlife Refuge
1908:(1): 454–489 – via Ingentaconnect.
1858:
1845:"2015 2015 Florida Bay Seagrass Die-Off"
1842:
1751:(1): 348–364 – via Ingentaconnect.
1693:. Wiley Online Books. pp. 475–493.
1635:Office of Conferences & Institutes.
1165:
645:
633:
441:
423:
103:
57:
18:
3377:South Florida Water Management District
2984:Crocodile Lake National Wildlife Refuge
1688:
1347:Robert Mcclure And Don Melvin. (1993).
1236:South Florida Water Management District
1028:
1016:
1004:
722:"Florida Bay Marine Basin Region (map)"
410:
3476:
3240:Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary
3235:Fakahatchee Strand Preserve State Park
2949:Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary
1578:Oceanic Dead Zones Continue to Spread"
1258:South Florida Natural Resources Center
1187:South Florida Natural Resources Center
788:
76:Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary
3484:Bays of Florida on the Gulf of Mexico
3099:
2294:
1982:
1826:
1755:
1599:
1505:
1229:
1225:
1223:
1093:
1091:
1063:
1061:
965:
761:
3250:Loxahatchee National Wildlife Refuge
2959:John Pennekamp Coral Reef State Park
1860:"Florida Bay: What is The Solution?"
1612:Stainback, Andrew (April 17, 2017).
159:, which are underlain by patches of
1881:
1251:"2015 Florida Bay Seagrass Die-Off"
1180:"2015 Florida Bay Seagrass Die-Off"
834:
592:International Maritime Organization
419:
143:Florida Bay is underlain by a flat
13:
1913:
1843:National Park Service (May 2016).
1605:
1249:National Park Service (May 2016).
1230:Sklar, Fred H. (October 8, 2015).
1220:
1088:
1058:
281:
66:Encompassing roughly one-third of
14:
3520:
2974:Key West National Wildlife Refuge
1955:
1642:from the original on May 14, 2018
1506:Guest, David (November 9, 2006).
1232:"Florida Bay: Current Conditions"
3424:
3413:
3412:
2320:
1961:
692:, Encyclopædia Britannica Online
1666:
1654:
1570:
1521:
1499:
1442:
1433:
1383:
1359:
1341:
1287:
1264:
1242:
1193:
1171:
1113:
1034:
899:
852:
604:
514:
3393:The Everglades: River of Grass
3125:
1534:Marine Ecology Progress Series
782:
755:
714:
695:
683:
664:
639:
53:
1:
3220:Big Cypress National Preserve
819:10.1016/j.ecolind.2011.11.025
617:
577:
238:
1758:"Overview of the Everglades"
610:Ocean water is 30 to 35 ppt.
7:
1810:Geology of the Florida Keys
1770:10.1007/978-3-030-20070-1_1
1764:. Springer. pp. 1–35.
1745:Bulletin of Marine Sciences
451:
10:
3525:
3352:Burmese pythons in Florida
2944:Dry Tortugas National Park
1902:Bulletin of Marine Science
1700:10.1002/9781444304114.ch17
1682:
1277:Bulletin of Marine Science
1202:AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts
1122:Journal of Raptor Research
865:Bulletin of Marine Science
789:Durako, Morgan J. (2012).
702:The Ecology of Florida Bay
555:
358:rdea herodias occidentalis
265:Mud mounds are made up of
187:or hosted large fields of
138:
3407:
3372:Friends of the Everglades
3334:
3263:
3230:Corkscrew Swamp Sanctuary
3212:
3171:
3133:
2997:
2931:
2828:
2613:
2501:
2411:
2328:
2257:
2206:
2125:
2014:
2009:Coastal waters of Florida
1756:Lodge, Thomas E. (2019).
1475:10.1016/j.hal.2010.05.002
981:Wanless & Tagett 1989
821:– via ResearchGate.
565:Water management projects
391:Bay land animals include
194:
3509:Everglades National Park
3194:Marjory Stoneman Douglas
3158:Everglades National Park
3148:Draining and development
3055:1935 Labor Day hurricane
2954:National Key Deer Refuge
671:Everglades National Park
597:
72:Everglades National Park
68:Everglades National Park
3040:Bahia Honda Rail Bridge
2661:Scout (West Summerland)
1621:conference.ifas.ufl.edu
1576:David Biello, (2008). "
1098:National Park Service.
540:Loss of native wildlife
292:Centropomus undecimalis
166:Fort Thompson Formation
147:limestone bedrock, the
3225:Biscayne National Park
2969:Biscayne National Park
2330:Biscayne National Park
2280:List of Florida rivers
1838:on September 10, 2015.
1134:10.3356/JRR-16-00005.1
448:
429:
316:Megaflops atlanticus),
113:
63:
24:
3494:Intracoastal Waterway
3460:25.00028°N 80.74972°W
3367:Everglades Foundation
3138:Geography and ecology
3080:Florida Keys Keynoter
2275:Intracoastal Waterway
1950:(2 Part B), June 1999
1864:Everglades Foundation
1832:Everglades Foundation
1629:University of Florida
1625:Everglades Foundation
1299:National Park Service
1295:"Digging Up the Past"
1107:National Park Service
993:Shinn & Lidz 2018
956:, pp. 19, 23–25.
954:Shinn & Lidz 2018
942:Mitchell-Tapping 1980
894:Mitchell-Tapping 1980
882:Shinn & Lidz 2018
847:Shinn & Lidz 2018
799:Ecological Indicators
750:Shinn & Lidz 2018
588:Marine protected area
584:Intracoastal Waterway
499:salinity in 18 to 25
445:
427:
173:Sangamon interglacial
107:
61:
22:
3387:Ten Thousand Islands
3276:Caloosahatchee River
3030:Jewfish Creek Bridge
1970:at Wikimedia Commons
1100:"Florida Bay Bistro"
1046:Salt Water Sportsman
793:Thalassia testudinum
521:harmful algae blooms
436:Thalassia testudinum
411:Environmental issues
331:Trichinous falcatus)
308:Cynoscion nebulosus)
179:, and the preceding
110:Jewfish Creek Bridge
108:(Looking northeast)
3465:25.00028; -80.74972
3456: /
3418:Category:Everglades
3291:Indian River Lagoon
1583:Scientific American
1546:2004MEPS..280...73G
1467:2010HAlga...9..620B
1338:, pp. 166–167.
1326:, pp. 163–166.
1214:2016AGUOSEC54A1309Y
1070:The Wilson Bulletin
1031:, pp. 481–482.
1007:, pp. 476–478.
896:, pp. 118–119.
849:, pp. 21, 113.
811:2012EcInd..18..243D
711:, by Daniel Phirman
652:The Washington Post
463:Examination of the
300:Sciaenops ocellatus
3199:Arthur R. Marshall
3050:Theater of the Sea
2270:Florida Everglades
1555:10.3354/meps280073
1305:on August 12, 2006
919:10.1007/BFb0011067
728:. December 1, 2021
707:2020-12-13 at the
676:2020-11-10 at the
582:The U.S. Atlantic
501:parts-per-thousand
449:
430:
354:Great White Herons
338:Roseate spoonbills
114:
64:
36:Florida Everglades
25:
3439:
3438:
3306:Lake Worth Lagoon
3143:Indigenous people
3093:
3092:
3035:Seven Mile Bridge
3025:Card Sound Bridge
3020:Overseas Railroad
2924:
2288:
2287:
1966:Media related to
1819:978-0-8130-5651-7
1789:Florida Scientist
1779:978-3-030-20070-1
995:, pp. 24–25.
764:Florida Scientist
350:Egretta rufescens
225:calcium carbonate
3516:
3471:
3470:
3468:
3467:
3466:
3461:
3457:
3454:
3453:
3452:
3449:
3428:
3416:
3415:
3347:Biscayne Aquifer
3281:Fisheating Creek
3204:Garald G. Parker
3189:Hamilton Disston
3163:Invasive species
3120:
3113:
3106:
3097:
3096:
3085:Key West Citizen
3015:Overseas Highway
2922:
2829:Outlying islands
2595:Key Colony Beach
2315:
2308:
2301:
2292:
2291:
2193:South Lake Worth
2133:Baker's Haulover
2003:
1996:
1989:
1980:
1979:
1965:
1951:
1935:
1932:10.3133/ofr99181
1909:
1892:
1878:
1876:
1875:
1870:on July 31, 2020
1866:. Archived from
1855:
1849:
1839:
1834:. Archived from
1823:
1804:
1783:
1752:
1735:
1714:
1702:
1676:
1670:
1664:
1658:
1652:
1651:
1649:
1647:
1641:
1618:
1609:
1603:
1597:
1586:
1574:
1568:
1567:
1557:
1525:
1519:
1518:
1515:EarthJustice.org
1512:
1503:
1497:
1496:
1486:
1446:
1440:
1437:
1431:
1430:
1424:
1416:
1414:
1413:
1408:on March 4, 2017
1407:
1401:. Archived from
1396:
1387:
1381:
1380:
1378:
1377:
1363:
1357:
1345:
1339:
1333:
1327:
1321:
1315:
1314:
1312:
1310:
1301:. Archived from
1291:
1285:
1284:
1268:
1262:
1261:
1255:
1246:
1240:
1239:
1227:
1218:
1217:
1197:
1191:
1190:
1184:
1175:
1169:
1163:
1154:
1153:
1117:
1111:
1110:
1104:
1095:
1086:
1085:
1065:
1056:
1055:
1053:
1052:
1038:
1032:
1026:
1020:
1014:
1008:
1002:
996:
990:
984:
978:
969:
963:
957:
951:
945:
939:
933:
932:
903:
897:
891:
885:
879:
873:
872:
856:
850:
844:
838:
832:
823:
822:
786:
780:
779:
759:
753:
747:
738:
737:
735:
733:
718:
712:
699:
693:
687:
681:
668:
662:
661:
659:
658:
643:
637:
631:
611:
608:
420:Seagrass die-off
333:, among others.
304:spotted seatrout
229:hydrogen sulfide
3524:
3523:
3519:
3518:
3517:
3515:
3514:
3513:
3474:
3473:
3464:
3462:
3458:
3455:
3450:
3447:
3445:
3443:
3442:
3440:
3435:
3403:
3342:Alligator Alley
3330:
3321:St. Lucie River
3301:Lake Okeechobee
3296:Kissimmee River
3264:Bodies of water
3259:
3213:Protected areas
3208:
3167:
3129:
3124:
3094:
3089:
3060:Hurricane Wilma
2993:
2927:
2824:
2726:Lower Sugarloaf
2609:
2497:
2488:Lower Matecumbe
2468:Upper Matecumbe
2407:
2324:
2319:
2289:
2284:
2253:
2249:Mosquito Lagoon
2202:
2153:Gasparilla Pass
2121:
2010:
2007:
1958:
1938:
1916:
1914:Further reading
1873:
1871:
1847:
1820:
1780:
1711:
1685:
1680:
1679:
1671:
1667:
1659:
1655:
1645:
1643:
1639:
1616:
1610:
1606:
1598:
1589:
1575:
1571:
1526:
1522:
1510:
1504:
1500:
1447:
1443:
1438:
1434:
1418:
1417:
1411:
1409:
1405:
1394:
1388:
1384:
1375:
1373:
1365:
1364:
1360:
1346:
1342:
1334:
1330:
1322:
1318:
1308:
1306:
1293:
1292:
1288:
1269:
1265:
1253:
1247:
1243:
1228:
1221:
1198:
1194:
1182:
1176:
1172:
1164:
1157:
1118:
1114:
1102:
1096:
1089:
1066:
1059:
1050:
1048:
1040:
1039:
1035:
1027:
1023:
1015:
1011:
1003:
999:
991:
987:
979:
972:
964:
960:
952:
948:
940:
936:
929:
905:
904:
900:
892:
888:
880:
876:
857:
853:
845:
841:
833:
826:
787:
783:
760:
756:
748:
741:
731:
729:
720:
719:
715:
709:Wayback Machine
700:
696:
688:
684:
678:Wayback Machine
669:
665:
656:
654:
644:
640:
632:
625:
620:
615:
614:
609:
605:
600:
580:
567:
558:
542:
519:Cyanobacterial
517:
454:
422:
413:
284:
282:Flora and fauna
241:
197:
157:Lignumvitae Key
149:Miami Limestone
141:
56:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3522:
3512:
3511:
3506:
3501:
3496:
3491:
3486:
3437:
3436:
3434:
3433:
3430:Portal:Florida
3421:
3408:
3405:
3404:
3402:
3401:
3396:
3389:
3384:
3379:
3374:
3369:
3364:
3359:
3354:
3349:
3344:
3338:
3336:
3332:
3331:
3329:
3328:
3323:
3318:
3313:
3311:Lostmans River
3308:
3303:
3298:
3293:
3288:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3267:
3265:
3261:
3260:
3258:
3257:
3252:
3247:
3242:
3237:
3232:
3227:
3222:
3216:
3214:
3210:
3209:
3207:
3206:
3201:
3196:
3191:
3186:
3181:
3175:
3173:
3169:
3168:
3166:
3165:
3160:
3155:
3150:
3145:
3140:
3134:
3131:
3130:
3123:
3122:
3115:
3108:
3100:
3091:
3090:
3088:
3087:
3082:
3077:
3072:
3067:
3065:Hurricane Irma
3062:
3057:
3052:
3047:
3045:Fort Jefferson
3042:
3037:
3032:
3027:
3022:
3017:
3012:
3010:Conch Republic
3007:
3001:
2999:
2995:
2994:
2992:
2991:
2986:
2981:
2976:
2971:
2966:
2961:
2956:
2951:
2946:
2941:
2935:
2933:
2929:
2928:
2926:
2925:
2920:Tortugas Banks
2917:
2916:
2915:
2913:Loggerhead Key
2905:
2903:Marquesas Keys
2900:
2899:
2898:
2893:
2888:
2883:
2878:
2873:
2868:
2863:
2858:
2853:
2848:
2843:
2832:
2830:
2826:
2825:
2823:
2822:
2817:
2812:
2807:
2802:
2797:
2796:
2795:
2790:
2780:
2775:
2770:
2765:
2760:
2759:
2758:
2753:
2743:
2738:
2733:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2692:
2691:
2686:
2681:
2673:
2668:
2663:
2658:
2656:Spanish Harbor
2653:
2648:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2628:
2623:
2617:
2615:
2611:
2610:
2608:
2607:
2602:
2597:
2592:
2587:
2582:
2577:
2572:
2571:
2570:
2560:
2555:
2554:
2553:
2548:
2538:
2537:
2536:
2526:
2521:
2516:
2511:
2505:
2503:
2499:
2498:
2496:
2495:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2475:
2470:
2465:
2460:
2459:
2458:
2453:
2443:
2438:
2437:
2436:
2431:
2426:
2415:
2413:
2409:
2408:
2406:
2405:
2400:
2395:
2390:
2385:
2380:
2375:
2370:
2365:
2360:
2355:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2334:
2332:
2326:
2325:
2318:
2317:
2310:
2303:
2295:
2286:
2285:
2283:
2282:
2277:
2272:
2267:
2265:Big Bend Coast
2261:
2259:
2255:
2254:
2252:
2251:
2246:
2244:Matanzas River
2241:
2239:Marquesas Keys
2236:
2231:
2226:
2221:
2216:
2210:
2208:
2204:
2203:
2201:
2200:
2195:
2190:
2185:
2180:
2175:
2173:Pensacola Pass
2170:
2165:
2160:
2155:
2150:
2145:
2140:
2135:
2129:
2127:
2123:
2122:
2120:
2119:
2114:
2109:
2104:
2099:
2094:
2089:
2084:
2079:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2059:
2054:
2049:
2044:
2042:Choctawhatchee
2039:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2018:
2016:
2012:
2011:
2006:
2005:
1998:
1991:
1983:
1977:
1976:
1971:
1957:
1956:External links
1954:
1953:
1952:
1936:
1915:
1912:
1911:
1910:
1893:
1879:
1856:
1840:
1824:
1818:
1805:
1795:(2): 116–125.
1784:
1778:
1753:
1736:
1715:
1709:
1684:
1681:
1678:
1677:
1665:
1653:
1604:
1587:
1569:
1520:
1498:
1461:(6): 620–635.
1441:
1432:
1382:
1358:
1340:
1328:
1316:
1286:
1263:
1241:
1219:
1208:: EC54A–1309.
1192:
1170:
1155:
1112:
1087:
1076:(3): 436–457.
1057:
1033:
1021:
1019:, p. 480.
1009:
997:
985:
983:, p. 454.
970:
958:
946:
934:
927:
898:
886:
874:
851:
839:
824:
781:
754:
739:
713:
694:
682:
663:
646:Chris Mooney.
638:
622:
621:
619:
616:
613:
612:
602:
601:
599:
596:
579:
576:
566:
563:
557:
554:
541:
538:
516:
513:
453:
450:
421:
418:
412:
409:
346:Reddish egrets
342:Platalea ajaja
323:Albula vulpes)
283:
280:
240:
237:
215:which becomes
196:
193:
140:
137:
55:
52:
34:mainland (the
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3521:
3510:
3507:
3505:
3502:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3481:
3479:
3472:
3469:
3432:
3431:
3427:
3422:
3420:
3419:
3410:
3409:
3406:
3400:
3397:
3395:
3394:
3390:
3388:
3385:
3383:
3382:Tamiami Trail
3380:
3378:
3375:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3365:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3355:
3353:
3350:
3348:
3345:
3343:
3340:
3339:
3337:
3333:
3327:
3326:Taylor Slough
3324:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3314:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3269:
3268:
3266:
3262:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3243:
3241:
3238:
3236:
3233:
3231:
3228:
3226:
3223:
3221:
3218:
3217:
3215:
3211:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3192:
3190:
3187:
3185:
3184:Ernest F. Coe
3182:
3180:
3177:
3176:
3174:
3170:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3156:
3154:
3151:
3149:
3146:
3144:
3141:
3139:
3136:
3135:
3132:
3128:
3121:
3116:
3114:
3109:
3107:
3102:
3101:
3098:
3086:
3083:
3081:
3078:
3076:
3073:
3071:
3068:
3066:
3063:
3061:
3058:
3056:
3053:
3051:
3048:
3046:
3043:
3041:
3038:
3036:
3033:
3031:
3028:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3018:
3016:
3013:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3005:Monroe County
3003:
3002:
3000:
2996:
2990:
2987:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2977:
2975:
2972:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2962:
2960:
2957:
2955:
2952:
2950:
2947:
2945:
2942:
2940:
2937:
2936:
2934:
2930:
2921:
2918:
2914:
2911:
2910:
2909:
2906:
2904:
2901:
2897:
2894:
2892:
2889:
2887:
2884:
2882:
2881:Little Mullet
2879:
2877:
2874:
2872:
2869:
2867:
2864:
2862:
2859:
2857:
2854:
2852:
2849:
2847:
2844:
2842:
2839:
2838:
2837:
2834:
2833:
2831:
2827:
2821:
2818:
2816:
2813:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2798:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2785:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2776:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2763:East Rockland
2761:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2748:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2690:
2687:
2685:
2682:
2680:
2677:
2676:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2618:
2616:
2612:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2573:
2569:
2566:
2565:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2544:
2543:
2542:
2539:
2535:
2532:
2531:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2506:
2504:
2500:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2449:
2448:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2439:
2435:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2422:
2421:
2420:
2417:
2416:
2414:
2410:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2368:Caesar's Rock
2366:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2335:
2333:
2331:
2327:
2323:
2316:
2311:
2309:
2304:
2302:
2297:
2296:
2293:
2281:
2278:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2263:
2262:
2260:
2256:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2224:Halifax River
2222:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2211:
2209:
2205:
2199:
2196:
2194:
2191:
2189:
2186:
2184:
2181:
2179:
2178:Ponce de Leon
2176:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2166:
2164:
2161:
2159:
2156:
2154:
2151:
2149:
2148:Caxambas Pass
2146:
2144:
2141:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2131:
2130:
2128:
2124:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2092:Ponce de Leon
2090:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2019:
2017:
2013:
2004:
1999:
1997:
1992:
1990:
1985:
1984:
1981:
1975:
1972:
1969:
1964:
1960:
1959:
1949:
1945:
1941:
1937:
1933:
1929:
1925:
1924:
1918:
1917:
1907:
1903:
1899:
1894:
1890:
1889:
1885:(June 1983).
1884:
1880:
1869:
1865:
1861:
1857:
1853:
1846:
1841:
1837:
1833:
1829:
1825:
1821:
1815:
1811:
1806:
1802:
1798:
1794:
1790:
1785:
1781:
1775:
1771:
1767:
1763:
1759:
1754:
1750:
1746:
1742:
1737:
1733:
1729:
1725:
1721:
1716:
1712:
1710:9781444304114
1706:
1701:
1696:
1692:
1687:
1686:
1675:
1669:
1663:
1657:
1638:
1634:
1630:
1626:
1622:
1615:
1608:
1601:
1596:
1594:
1592:
1585:
1584:
1579:
1573:
1565:
1561:
1556:
1551:
1547:
1543:
1539:
1535:
1531:
1524:
1516:
1509:
1502:
1494:
1490:
1485:
1480:
1476:
1472:
1468:
1464:
1460:
1456:
1455:Harmful Algae
1452:
1445:
1436:
1428:
1422:
1404:
1400:
1393:
1386:
1372:
1368:
1362:
1356:
1355:
1350:
1344:
1337:
1332:
1325:
1320:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1290:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1267:
1259:
1252:
1245:
1237:
1233:
1226:
1224:
1215:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1196:
1188:
1181:
1174:
1167:
1166:Solution 2016
1162:
1160:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1116:
1108:
1101:
1094:
1092:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1064:
1062:
1047:
1043:
1037:
1030:
1025:
1018:
1013:
1006:
1001:
994:
989:
982:
977:
975:
967:
962:
955:
950:
943:
938:
930:
928:3-540-56231-1
924:
920:
916:
912:
908:
902:
895:
890:
884:, p. 25.
883:
878:
870:
866:
862:
855:
848:
843:
836:
831:
829:
820:
816:
812:
808:
804:
800:
796:
794:
785:
777:
773:
769:
765:
758:
752:, p. 24.
751:
746:
744:
727:
726:ArcGIS Online
723:
717:
710:
706:
703:
698:
691:
686:
680:, Park Vision
679:
675:
672:
667:
653:
649:
642:
635:
634:SeaGrass 2016
630:
628:
623:
607:
603:
595:
593:
589:
585:
575:
573:
562:
553:
549:
545:
537:
533:
530:
524:
522:
512:
508:
504:
502:
497:
493:
489:
485:
481:
476:
474:
470:
466:
461:
459:
444:
440:
438:
437:
426:
417:
408:
406:
405:fox squirrels
402:
398:
394:
389:
387:
383:
379:
375:
371:
367:
363:
359:
355:
351:
347:
343:
339:
334:
332:
328:
324:
320:
317:
313:
309:
305:
301:
297:
293:
289:
279:
276:
272:
268:
263:
261:
257:
252:
250:
246:
236:
234:
230:
227:mud, rich in
226:
222:
218:
214:
210:
205:
203:
192:
190:
186:
182:
178:
174:
169:
167:
162:
158:
154:
153:Arsnicker Key
150:
146:
136:
134:
129:
128:Taylor Slough
124:
118:
111:
106:
102:
100:
96:
92:
88:
84:
79:
77:
73:
69:
60:
51:
49:
45:
44:United States
41:
37:
33:
29:
21:
3441:
3423:
3411:
3391:
3285:
3271:Biscayne Bay
3075:Key lime pie
2998:Other topics
2989:Florida Reef
2964:Biscayne Bay
2938:
2908:Dry Tortugas
2783:Stock Island
2322:Florida Keys
2229:Indian River
2214:Banana River
2183:Redfish Pass
2143:Captiva Pass
2061:
2022:Apalachicola
1947:
1943:
1922:
1905:
1901:
1887:
1872:. Retrieved
1868:the original
1863:
1851:
1836:the original
1831:
1809:
1792:
1788:
1761:
1748:
1744:
1723:
1719:
1690:
1668:
1656:
1646:November 13,
1644:. Retrieved
1620:
1607:
1581:
1572:
1537:
1533:
1523:
1514:
1501:
1458:
1454:
1444:
1435:
1410:. Retrieved
1403:the original
1398:
1385:
1374:. Retrieved
1370:
1361:
1352:
1343:
1331:
1319:
1307:. Retrieved
1303:the original
1298:
1289:
1280:
1276:
1266:
1257:
1244:
1235:
1205:
1201:
1195:
1186:
1173:
1125:
1121:
1115:
1106:
1073:
1069:
1049:. Retrieved
1045:
1036:
1029:Bosence 1995
1024:
1017:Bosence 1995
1012:
1005:Bosence 1995
1000:
988:
961:
949:
937:
910:
901:
889:
877:
868:
864:
854:
842:
802:
798:
792:
784:
767:
763:
757:
730:. Retrieved
725:
716:
697:
685:
666:
655:. Retrieved
651:
641:
606:
581:
568:
559:
550:
546:
543:
534:
525:
518:
515:Algae blooms
509:
505:
496:core samples
480:foraminifera
477:
467:of biota in
465:paleontology
462:
455:
434:
431:
414:
390:
357:
349:
341:
335:
330:
322:
315:
307:
299:
291:
285:
264:
253:
245:shore levees
242:
213:plant litter
209:tree islands
206:
198:
170:
142:
119:
115:
99:Biscayne Bay
95:Barnes Sound
80:
65:
40:Florida Keys
27:
26:
3463: /
3316:Shark River
3286:Florida Bay
3179:Guy Bradley
3153:Restoration
2939:Florida Bay
2923:(submerged)
2896:Boca Grande
2746:Big Coppitt
2731:Saddlebunch
2706:Knockemdown
2651:Bahia Honda
2631:Little Duck
2502:Middle keys
2483:Lignumvitae
2219:Guana River
2102:St. Andrews
1968:Florida Bay
1726:: 162–172.
1371:www.cdc.gov
1354:SunSentinel
1128:(1): 1–14.
690:Florida Bay
362:Bald eagles
256:cold fronts
161:Pleistocene
123:tidal range
54:Description
28:Florida Bay
3489:Everglades
3478:Categories
3451:80°44′59″W
3448:25°00′01″N
3399:U.S. Sugar
3127:Everglades
2866:Barracouta
2861:Big Mullet
2856:Joe Ingram
2773:Boca Chica
2701:Summerland
2614:Lower keys
2575:Long Point
2493:Islamorada
2456:former CDP
2446:Plantation
2412:Upper keys
2398:Old Rhodes
2348:Boca Chita
2234:Lake Worth
2163:Lake Worth
2138:Blind Pass
2117:Whitewater
2107:St. Joseph
2077:Palma Sola
2037:Blackwater
1874:2017-06-27
1600:Trout 2015
1412:2017-06-27
1376:2017-06-27
1309:August 31,
1051:2017-06-27
966:Lodge 2019
657:2016-12-13
618:References
578:Navigation
529:neurotoxin
492:seagrasses
447:expansion.
378:cormorants
374:sandpipers
239:Mud mounds
233:mangrovess
207:There are
87:Cape Sable
38:) and the
2836:Mule Keys
2716:Sugarloaf
2473:Tea Table
2441:Tavernier
2419:Key Largo
2198:St. Lucie
2188:Sebastian
2158:Hillsboro
2082:Pensacola
1944:Estuaries
1540:: 73–83.
1283:(2): 302.
1142:0892-1016
871:(2): 302.
386:flamingos
271:packstone
249:carbonate
189:bryozoans
181:Illinoian
177:Wisconsin
91:Key Largo
3335:See also
3070:Key Deer
2871:Cottrell
2846:Crawfish
2820:Wisteria
2800:Key West
2768:Rockland
2671:Big Pine
2646:Sunshine
2636:Missouri
2590:Marathon
2580:Fat Deer
2541:Duck Key
2403:Islandia
2258:See also
2168:Matanzas
2097:Sarasota
2067:Matanzas
2052:Escambia
2032:Biscayne
1801:24319647
1732:25736133
1637:Archived
1627:via the
1564:24867855
1493:21057660
1421:cite web
1150:89631326
835:OCS 1983
776:24321024
705:Archived
674:Archived
484:molluscs
473:bay muds
458:salinity
452:Salinity
397:opossums
393:raccoons
370:pelicans
366:seagulls
319:bonefish
275:Halimeda
260:windward
202:sawgrass
133:salinity
101:system.
83:Long Key
48:seagrass
2886:Ballast
2810:Fleming
2805:Sigsbee
2778:Raccoon
2666:No Name
2605:Knights
2463:Windley
2378:Rubicon
2358:Elliott
2338:Soldier
2207:Lagoons
2087:Perdido
2062:Florida
1852:NPS.gov
1683:Sources
1542:Bibcode
1484:2968748
1463:Bibcode
1210:Bibcode
1082:4162751
807:Bibcode
805:: 244.
770:: 224.
556:Economy
401:bobcats
382:ospreys
352:), and
296:redfish
221:caliche
185:oolites
145:oolitic
139:Geology
42:in the
32:Florida
3172:People
2851:Archer
2815:Sunset
2788:Island
2751:Island
2741:Geiger
2711:Cudjoe
2696:Ramrod
2684:Middle
2679:Little
2675:Torch
2621:Pigeon
2568:Little
2558:Grassy
2546:Island
2534:Little
2524:Layton
2514:Fiesta
2478:Indian
2451:Island
2424:Island
2393:Totten
2373:Meig's
2343:Ragged
2126:Inlets
2057:Estero
2027:Barnes
1816:
1799:
1776:
1730:
1707:
1562:
1491:
1481:
1148:
1140:
1080:
925:
774:
732:May 4,
490:, and
403:, and
384:, and
327:permit
325:, and
312:tarpon
267:facies
195:Origin
155:, and
2932:Areas
2891:Woman
2736:Shark
2626:Money
2563:Crawl
2529:Conch
2509:Craig
2434:North
2388:Porgy
2363:Adams
2353:Sands
2112:Tampa
1848:(PDF)
1797:JSTOR
1728:JSTOR
1640:(PDF)
1617:(PDF)
1560:JSTOR
1511:(PDF)
1406:(PDF)
1395:(PDF)
1254:(PDF)
1183:(PDF)
1146:S2CID
1103:(PDF)
1078:JSTOR
772:JSTOR
598:Notes
488:algae
471:from
469:cores
288:snook
2841:Mule
2721:Park
2641:Ohio
2600:Boot
2585:Vaca
2519:Long
2383:Reid
2072:Palm
2047:East
2015:Bays
1814:ISBN
1774:ISBN
1705:ISBN
1648:2018
1489:PMID
1427:link
1399:USGS
1311:2024
1138:ISSN
923:ISBN
734:2024
217:peat
2876:Man
2793:CDP
2756:CDP
2689:Big
2551:CDP
2429:CDP
1928:doi
1883:OCS
1766:doi
1695:doi
1631:’s
1550:doi
1538:280
1479:PMC
1471:doi
1130:doi
1074:101
915:doi
815:doi
344:),
302:),
294:),
85:to
78:.
3480::
1948:22
1946:,
1942:,
1906:44
1904:.
1900:.
1862:.
1850:.
1830:.
1793:43
1791:.
1772:.
1749:44
1747:.
1743:.
1724:26
1722:.
1703:.
1623:.
1619:.
1590:^
1580:.
1558:.
1548:.
1536:.
1532:.
1513:.
1487:.
1477:.
1469:.
1457:.
1453:.
1423:}}
1419:{{
1397:.
1369:.
1351:.
1297:.
1281:79
1279:.
1275:.
1256:.
1234:.
1222:^
1206:54
1204:.
1185:.
1158:^
1144:.
1136:.
1126:51
1124:.
1105:.
1090:^
1072:.
1060:^
1044:.
973:^
921:.
909:.
869:79
867:.
863:.
827:^
813:.
803:18
801:.
797:.
768:64
766:.
742:^
724:.
650:.
626:^
486:,
482:,
407:.
399:,
395:,
388:.
380:,
376:,
372:,
368:,
364:,
356:(A
310:,
191:.
168:.
3119:e
3112:t
3105:v
2314:e
2307:t
2300:v
2002:e
1995:t
1988:v
1934:.
1930::
1877:.
1854:.
1822:.
1803:.
1782:.
1768::
1734:.
1713:.
1697::
1650:.
1602:.
1566:.
1552::
1544::
1517:.
1495:.
1473::
1465::
1459:9
1429:)
1415:.
1379:.
1313:.
1260:.
1238:.
1216:.
1212::
1189:.
1168:.
1152:.
1132::
1109:.
1084:.
1054:.
944:.
931:.
917::
837:.
817::
809::
778:.
736:.
660:.
636:.
433:(
348:(
340:(
329:(
321:(
314:(
306:(
298:(
290:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
