Knowledge

Flora of Azerbaijan

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458: 40: 440: 370: 1813: 1823: 422: 509:, desert, Caucasian and accidental – exist in Azerbaijan. The representatives of ancient wood type are widely spread in the Talysh region and the location which is suitable for boreal type is the high mountains of Great and Minor Caucasus. The plain, Caucasian, xerophytic and desert types belong to foothills and the lowlands, especially 1147:
Altiaghac reserve is located in the northeast of Azerbaijan. It is one of the biggest reserves in Azerbaijan and is 11,305 hectares. It is covered with deciduous forests, where the main types of trees are Caucasian oak, Caucasian hornbeam, oriental beech, ash and birch and commonly you can meet are
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Azerbaijan has a very rich flora, more than 4,500 species of higher plants have been registered in the country. Due to the unique climate in Azerbaijan, the flora is much richer in the number of species than the flora of the other republics of the South Caucasus. About 66% of the species growing in
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is around 14.% of the total land area, equivalent to 1,131,770 hectares (ha) of forest in 2020, up from 944,740 hectares (ha) in 1990. In 2020, naturally regenerating forest covered 826,200 hectares (ha) and planted forest covered 305,570 hectares (ha). Of the naturally regenerating forest 0% was
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The Girkan reserve was created in 2004 and is 42 797 hectares. From vegetation, there are over 1900 flora species. This includes 162 endemic, 95 rare, and 38 endangered species. Among those, some of the species are listed in the Red book, for example, Girkan boxwood, ironwood, chestnut-leaf oak,
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are specific species for that places. Sub-alpine meadows' formation depends on relief and macro climatic peculiarities. The sub-alpine belt consists of mesophytic meadows and drier meadow-steppes which includes various species of cereals and clover, Geranium, Inula, Cephalaria, Scabiosa, Galium,
645:, Jabrayil, Zanghelan, Steppe Plateau, Zuvand regions of republic which have arid climate, a specific mountainous xerophytic vegetation is developed. The species of thyme (Thymus) are very typical of those arid regions. The following species are specific there: 496:
The richness of Azerbaijan's flora and the variety of its vegetation results from the variety and richness of its physical-geographic and natural-historic conditions and from its compound history influenced by the remote floristic regions.
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In the Middle Age Azerbaijan medicine 365 plant species were used for treatment, whereas in modern Azerbaijan medicine only 230 of them are in use and the other 135 species are considered as lost medicinal plants for new generations.
525:(consisting of native tree species with no clearly visible indications of human activity) and around 33% of the forest area was found within protected areas. For the year 2015, 100% of the forest area was reported to be under 777:
and Pinus Kochiana. The first one grows on the Steppe Plateau at 600 m above sea level, the second one grows in at 1,600 m above sea level in the region of Gyok-Gyol and in the Bulanig river valley of the Belokan region.
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These natural reserves are preserving the rare (sometimes endemic) tree species and therefore have a great role in preserving the natural fauna. Forests occupy 32% of Azerbaijan and all of them are well preserved.
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is spread in the valleys of the Shin, Kish, Damiraparan, Turyan, Geychay, Agsu, Velvele and Terter rivers. Along the rivers of Talysh Pterocarya pterocarpa and Alnus subcordata can be observed. Another species of
545:), which is in the south of Azerbaijan. These relict trees' decorative leaves, strong trunks, large crowns have attracted many naturalists, botanists from all over the world. The climate of Hyrcanian forests of 1778: 1156:
Pirgulin reserve was created in 1968, the total area of which is 1500 hectares. The reserve has white maple, iron tree, loquat, cherry, walnut, ash, pear, apple, yew, and white maple.
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Tragopogon, Betonica, Primula, Plantago, Rumex, Urtica, Cirsium, etc. According to the investigations there are about 1,000 species are spread in sub-alpine meadows.
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In Eldar Oyugu which is located in the northwest of Azerbaijan has also arid climate and there is an isolated spot of typical thin forest formed by
1798: 398: 712:, etc. grow in these forests. Sometimes the shrubs can form a mixed forest along the sides of mountainous rivers or in river valleys, e. g. 1230: 1175:
The Zagatala reserve was created in 1929 and is located in the north-west of Azerbaijan. It has over 900 types of vegetation (plants).
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compared to the other neighboring areas, with the 95 tree species, 110 shrubs, and more than 1,000 other higher plant species.
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At 1,800-3,200 m above sea level alpine and sub-alpine meadows, meadow steppes are observed. Mainly high grasses like
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Goygol reserve was created in 2008. It's located on the slope of Kapaz mountain, at 1000–3600 meters above the sea.
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Th reserve was created to preserve a rich vegetative cover (over 80 types of trees and bushes) and bio media.
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In the forests of Azerbaijan various relict trees may be observed. One of these forests is Hyrcanian (
799: 241: 180: 140: 1647: 1469: 1447: 1104: 906: 787: 226: 130: 125: 1246: 704:, Ganikh, Gabirri. The southern willows, mulberry trees, elms, pomegranates, hybrid-type poplars, 676:, which is an endemic relict of the tertiary period. This forest has such higher plant species as 1349:"AZERBAIJAN:COUNTRY REPORT TO THE FAOINTERNATIONAL TECHNICALCONFERENCE ON PLANTGENETIC RESOURCES" 1216: 968: 803: 615: 685: 355: 231: 206: 190: 155: 145: 135: 31: 1697: 1662: 1010: 972: 622: 342: 303: 236: 216: 185: 170: 165: 160: 1587: 1582: 1030: 1026: 980: 962: 733: 713: 629: 221: 211: 1355: 8: 1767: 1577: 1440: 1192: 1046: 950: 918: 807: 795: 580: 150: 60: 1672: 1667: 1547: 1054: 839: 697: 446: 1822: 1687: 1642: 1622: 1612: 1512: 873: 688:
and 30-35 others. These species obviously belong to the mountainous xerophytic type.
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The relict trees hold a socio-economic importance and even cultural significance.
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Terms and Definitions FRA 2025 Forest Resources Assessment, Working Paper 194
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figs, Girkan pear, Lankaran albition, Caucasian persimmon, alder and others.
1018: 811: 725: 653:, Zygophyllum atriplicoides, Astragalus szovitsii, Salvia dracocephaloides, 1118: 1038: 942: 774: 701: 673: 517: 1826: 1110: 1071: 1067: 989: 936: 889: 745:, is typical in Talysh. Local endemic species of fig (Ficus hyrcanica), 1421:
http://www.azconsulatela.org/Azerbaijan/Land-and-Nature/Flora-and-Fauna
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is humid and warm. This area is the most biodiversified area of
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most common thorny hawthorn, wild rose and blackberry bushes.
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refers to the plants, trees and flowers which can be found in
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All types of floristic areas – ancient wood, boreal, plain,
732:, mulberries, pomegranates, wild roses, blackberries, etc. 762: 765:, etc. are typical for the coastal forests of Talysh. 1247:"Global Forest Resources Assessment 2020, Azerbaijan" 928:
heart muscle, improves heart and brain circulation,
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Has a chronotropic and positive inotropic effect on
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Two species of pine trees are spread in Azerbaijan:
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Food Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
850: 533:and 0% with ownership listed as other or unknown. 636: 1839: 557:The well-known relict trees of Hyrcanian Forests 1389:"Заповедники и национальные парки Азербайджана" 1448: 392: 782:Species in places which are above sea level 696:Tugai forests lie through the major rivers 1455: 1441: 399: 385: 267:Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources 865:Medically important parts of the plants 1840: 1436: 1383: 1381: 1379: 1377: 1375: 1142: 1170: 1151: 1133: 536: 13: 1372: 330:Azerbaijan shrub desert and steppe 14: 1864: 1462: 1414: 1178: 501:The floristic areas of Azerbaijan 1821: 1812: 1811: 878:Leaves, root, grass and fruits 691: 456: 438: 420: 368: 335:Eastern Anatolian montane steppe 38: 1341: 851:The plants with healing effects 16:Collective plants of Azerbaijan 1779:British Indian Ocean Territory 1327: 1313: 1299: 1285: 1271: 1257: 1239: 1223: 1209: 868:The diseases which are healed 643:Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic 637:The vegetation in arid regions 1: 1202: 842:, and various species of the 768: 1395:. 2017-03-06. Archived from 994:respiratory tract infections 959:Respiratory tract infections 493:can be found in Azerbaijan. 7: 1187: 10: 1869: 1107:, gastric and small bowel 1023:gastritis with low acidity 1807: 1766: 1726: 1468: 1159: 1105:Gastrointestinal diseases 1074:, deformation of joints, 931:used in the treatment of 907:gastrointestinal diseases 800:Calamagrostis arundinacea 1528:East Timor (Timor-Leste) 479:Vegetation of Azerbaijan 292:Botanical Garden of Baku 1789:Cocos (Keeling) Islands 1086:chronic gastroenteritis 1033:, nocturnal enuresis, 1015:Leave and ripen fruits 804:Brachypodium silvaticum 794:, Cephalaria gigantea, 616:Pterocarya fraxinifolia 686:Paliurus spina-christi 356:Caucasus mixed forests 32:Wildlife of Azerbaijan 1853:Flora of Western Asia 1217:"Flora of Azerbaijan" 1011:Vaccinium vitis idaea 814:, Koeleria gracilis, 623:Quercus castaneifolia 621:Chestnut-leaved Oak ( 593:Caucasian Persimmon ( 375:Azerbaijan portal 1703:United Arab Emirates 981:Hippophae rhamnoides 734:Hippophae rhamnoides 714:Hippophae rhamnoides 630:Zelkova carpinifolia 309:Environmental issues 1848:Flora of Azerbaijan 1730:limited recognition 1193:Fauna of Azerbaijan 1047:Vaccinium myrtillis 951:Althaea officinalis 923:Fruits and flowers 919:Crataegus pentagyna 808:Agrostis capillaris 796:Filipendula ulmaria 628:Caucasian Zelkova ( 614:Caucasian Wingnut ( 581:Albizia julibrissin 579:Persian Silk Tree ( 565:Cappadocian Maple ( 475:Flora of Azerbaijan 90:Non-marine molluscs 1426:2020-10-29 at the 1055:Nocturnal enuresis 1051:Leave and berries 840:Dactylis glomerata 749:, Smilax excelsa, 607:Persian Ironwood ( 447:Nymphoides peltata 1835: 1834: 1772:other territories 1143:Altiaghac reserve 1134:Natural Reserves 1131: 1130: 999:skin tuberculosis 967:acute gastritis, 874:Berberis vulgaris 757:of many species, 602:Gleditsia caspica 586:Caucasian Alder ( 567:Acer cappadocicum 531:private ownership 429:Acroptilon repens 409: 408: 351:Hyrcanian forests 1860: 1825: 1815: 1814: 1784:Christmas Island 1470:Sovereign states 1457: 1450: 1443: 1434: 1433: 1408: 1407: 1405: 1404: 1385: 1370: 1369: 1367: 1366: 1360: 1354:. Archived from 1353: 1345: 1339: 1338: 1331: 1325: 1324: 1317: 1311: 1310: 1303: 1297: 1296: 1289: 1283: 1282: 1275: 1269: 1268: 1261: 1255: 1254: 1243: 1237: 1236: 1227: 1221: 1220: 1213: 1171:Zagatala reserve 1152:Pirgulin reserve 859: 858: 609:Parrotia persica 600:Caspian Locust ( 588:Alnus subcordata 551:Elburz Mountains 547:Talysh mountains 537:Hyrcanian Forest 527:public ownership 511:Kur-Araz Lowland 465:Malva parviflora 460: 442: 424: 401: 394: 387: 373: 372: 371: 300: 42: 19: 18: 1868: 1867: 1863: 1862: 1861: 1859: 1858: 1857: 1838: 1837: 1836: 1831: 1803: 1771: 1762: 1743:Northern Cyprus 1729: 1722: 1464: 1461: 1428:Wayback Machine 1417: 1412: 1411: 1402: 1400: 1387: 1386: 1373: 1364: 1362: 1358: 1351: 1347: 1346: 1342: 1333: 1332: 1328: 1319: 1318: 1314: 1305: 1304: 1300: 1293:"Tugai forests" 1291: 1290: 1286: 1277: 1276: 1272: 1263: 1262: 1258: 1245: 1244: 1240: 1229: 1228: 1224: 1215: 1214: 1210: 1205: 1190: 1181: 1173: 1162: 1154: 1145: 1136: 988:Trophic sores, 862:Medical Plants 853: 784: 771: 751:Sambucus ebulus 747:Humulus lupulus 694: 639: 595:Diospyros lotus 559: 539: 521:reported to be 503: 472: 471: 470: 469: 468: 461: 452: 451: 450: 443: 434: 433: 432: 425: 416: 415: 414:Example species 405: 369: 367: 362: 361: 360: 294: 281: 273: 272: 271: 261: 253: 252: 251: 110:Protected areas 104: 96: 95: 94: 50: 17: 12: 11: 5: 1866: 1856: 1855: 1850: 1833: 1832: 1830: 1829: 1819: 1808: 1805: 1804: 1802: 1801: 1796: 1791: 1786: 1781: 1775: 1773: 1764: 1763: 1761: 1760: 1755: 1750: 1745: 1740: 1734: 1732: 1724: 1723: 1721: 1720: 1715: 1710: 1705: 1700: 1695: 1690: 1685: 1680: 1675: 1670: 1665: 1660: 1655: 1650: 1645: 1640: 1635: 1630: 1625: 1620: 1615: 1610: 1605: 1600: 1595: 1590: 1585: 1580: 1575: 1570: 1565: 1560: 1555: 1550: 1545: 1540: 1535: 1530: 1525: 1520: 1515: 1510: 1505: 1500: 1495: 1490: 1485: 1480: 1474: 1472: 1466: 1465: 1460: 1459: 1452: 1445: 1437: 1431: 1430: 1416: 1415:External links 1413: 1410: 1409: 1371: 1340: 1326: 1312: 1298: 1284: 1279:"Arid regions" 1270: 1265:"relict trees" 1256: 1238: 1222: 1207: 1206: 1204: 1201: 1189: 1186: 1180: 1179:Girkan reserve 1177: 1172: 1169: 1161: 1158: 1153: 1150: 1144: 1141: 1135: 1132: 1129: 1128: 1119:antihelminthic 1102: 1096: 1094:Inula helenium 1090: 1089: 1052: 1049: 1043: 1042: 1039:antihelminthic 1019:Liver diseases 1016: 1013: 1007: 1006: 986: 983: 977: 976: 956: 953: 947: 946: 924: 921: 915: 914: 879: 876: 870: 869: 866: 863: 852: 849: 783: 780: 775:Pinus eldarica 770: 767: 693: 690: 674:Pinus eldarica 638: 635: 634: 633: 626: 619: 612: 605: 598: 591: 584: 577: 574:Acer velutinum 572:Velvet Maple ( 570: 558: 555: 538: 535: 523:primary forest 516:In Azerbaijan 502: 499: 462: 455: 454: 453: 444: 437: 436: 435: 426: 419: 418: 417: 413: 412: 411: 410: 407: 406: 404: 403: 396: 389: 381: 378: 377: 364: 363: 359: 358: 353: 347: 346: 338: 337: 332: 326: 325: 317: 316: 314:Karabakh horse 311: 306: 301: 289: 283: 282: 280:Related topics 279: 278: 275: 274: 270: 269: 263: 262: 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Retrieved 1356:the original 1343: 1335:Ibadullayeva 1334: 1329: 1315: 1307:"Pine trees" 1301: 1287: 1273: 1259: 1250: 1241: 1231: 1225: 1211: 1196: 1191: 1182: 1174: 1166: 1163: 1155: 1146: 1137: 1123: 1108: 1080: 1066: 1029: 997: 966: 943:hypertension 941: 930: 927: 905: 854: 785: 772: 695: 671: 640: 560: 540: 518:forest cover 515: 504: 495: 487: 478: 474: 473: 463: 445: 427: 341: 320: 247:Samur-Yalama 197: 116: 103:Conservation 67: 55: 49:Biodiversity 1827:Asia portal 1728:States with 1648:Philippines 1588:South Korea 1583:North Korea 1478:Afghanistan 1125:antitussive 1111:common cold 1068:tonsillitis 937:tachycardia 911:antitussive 890:tonsillitis 844:Rose family 720:, willows ( 295: [ 181:Turian-Chay 141:Gizil-Agach 80:Butterflies 1842:Categories 1708:Uzbekistan 1683:Tajikistan 1598:Kyrgyzstan 1578:Kazakhstan 1498:Bangladesh 1488:Azerbaijan 1403:2019-06-04 1393:Novosti.Az 1365:2019-06-04 1203:References 1198:Azerbaijan 1115:bronchitis 1109:diseases, 1072:moniliasis 1065:, chronic 1059:arthralgia 1027:rheumatoid 990:moniliasis 933:arrhythmia 898:arthralgia 836:Delphinium 822:, clover ( 769:Pine trees 507:xerophytic 489:the whole 483:Azerbaijan 322:Ecoregions 227:Altyaghach 131:Eldar Pine 126:Basut-Chay 1794:Hong Kong 1748:Palestine 1673:Sri Lanka 1668:Singapore 1548:Indonesia 1321:"Species" 1098:Root and 1076:dysentery 1063:gastritis 1035:diarrhoea 1031:arthritis 828:Verbascum 824:Trifolium 820:Melilotus 788:Heracleum 759:Cardamine 718:Elaeagnus 706:Elaeagnus 682:pistachio 659:Marrubium 655:Pyrethrum 1817:Category 1738:Abkhazia 1688:Thailand 1643:Pakistan 1623:Mongolia 1618:Maldives 1613:Malaysia 1513:Cambodia 1424:Archived 1188:See also 969:cystitis 832:Aconitum 792:Achillea 663:Achillea 651:Berberis 491:Caucasus 287:Baku Zoo 232:Absheron 207:Zangezur 191:Zagatala 156:Ismailli 146:Gobustan 136:Gara-Yaz 24:a series 22:Part of 1713:Vietnam 1628:Myanmar 1608:Lebanon 1538:Georgia 1493:Bahrain 1483:Armenia 1100:rhizome 985:Fruits 902:icterus 894:malaria 886:anaemia 882:Rickets 730:Tamarix 710:Tamarix 678:juniper 669:, etc. 667:Phlomis 647:Lactuca 641:In the 343:Forests 304:Tourism 237:Shahdag 217:Shirvan 186:Qaragol 171:Shirvan 166:Shahbuz 161:Pirgulu 85:Mammals 1758:Taiwan 1693:Turkey 1658:Russia 1593:Kuwait 1573:Jordan 1563:Israel 1523:Cyprus 1508:Brunei 1503:Bhutan 1160:Goygol 1003:cancer 973:quinsy 543:Hirkan 242:Göygöl 222:Hirkan 212:Ag-Gel 176:Shuhsa 26:on the 1799:Macau 1718:Yemen 1678:Syria 1653:Qatar 1633:Nepal 1568:Japan 1543:India 1533:Egypt 1518:China 1359:(PDF) 1352:(PDF) 955:Root 816:Vicia 755:Carex 739:alder 722:Salix 529:, 0% 299:] 151:Ilisu 75:Birds 68:Lists 61:Fauna 56:Flora 1638:Oman 1603:Laos 1558:Iraq 1553:Iran 939:and 702:Araz 698:Kura 1770:and 826:), 763:Poa 724:), 477:or 1844:: 1391:. 1374:^ 1249:. 1121:, 1117:, 1113:, 1078:, 1070:, 1061:, 1057:, 1037:, 1025:, 1021:, 1001:, 996:, 992:, 971:, 961:, 935:, 909:, 904:, 900:, 896:, 892:, 888:, 884:, 838:, 834:, 830:, 818:, 810:, 806:, 802:, 798:, 790:, 761:, 753:, 741:, 728:, 716:, 708:, 700:, 684:, 680:, 665:, 661:, 657:, 649:, 513:. 485:. 297:az 1456:e 1449:t 1442:v 1406:. 1368:. 1337:. 1323:. 1309:. 1295:. 1281:. 1267:. 1253:. 1219:. 632:) 625:) 618:) 611:) 604:) 597:) 590:) 583:) 576:) 569:) 400:e 393:t 386:v

Index

a series
Wildlife of Azerbaijan

Flora
Fauna
Birds
Butterflies
Mammals
Non-marine molluscs
Protected areas
State Reserves
Basut-Chay
Eldar Pine
Gara-Yaz
Gizil-Agach
Gobustan
Ilisu
Ismailli
Pirgulu
Shahbuz
Shirvan
Shuhsa
Turian-Chay
Qaragol
Zagatala
National Parks
Zangezur
Ag-Gel
Shirvan
Hirkan

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