1174:
141:
Flip–flop kinetics can create difficulties in the determination and interpretation of pharmacokinetic parameters if not recognized.
358:
1215:
450:
415:
101:
is smaller than when the drug is administered intravenously or by immediate-release formulation. Depot injections such as
163:"Flip-flop pharmacokinetics--delivering a reversal of disposition: challenges and opportunities during drug development"
1144:
247:
698:
1134:
1074:
567:
1129:
825:
736:
602:
1054:
679:
28:
607:
1239:
797:
118:
532:
351:
36:
1234:
1208:
1044:
792:
786:
1189:
1109:
811:
294:
Jann MW, Ereshefsky L, Saklad SR (1985). "Clinical pharmacokinetics of the depot antipsychotics".
259:
Spanarello S, La Ferla T (2014). "The pharmacokinetics of long-acting antipsychotic medications".
860:
622:
617:
527:
445:
996:
757:
732:
667:
556:
440:
114:
73:
1104:
896:
375:
344:
77:
1201:
1139:
1001:
911:
752:
632:
400:
58:
8:
1049:
937:
906:
552:
512:
435:
102:
47:
80:. In the resulting slope of log plasma concentration (log Cp) versus time, the apparent
1019:
969:
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562:
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110:
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65:
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1059:
947:
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24:
1099:
974:
802:
762:
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455:
405:
272:
106:
69:
657:
1185:
1089:
1069:
988:
830:
572:
517:
124:
The term "flip–flop" indicates that the downward slope more closely represents
1228:
1094:
581:
488:
1181:
1064:
1024:
925:
849:
727:
410:
367:
280:
234:
213:
Toutain PL, Bousquet-Mélou A (December 2004). "Plasma terminal half-life".
196:
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636:
612:
32:
1029:
961:
853:
628:
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807:
929:
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888:
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161:
Yáñez JA, Remsberg CM, Sayre CL, Forrest ML, Davies NM (May 2011).
390:
1173:
336:
782:
675:
671:
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160:
924:
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544:
212:
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215:
Journal of
Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics
258:
1226:
121:are examples of drugs with flip–flop kinetics.
208:
206:
156:
154:
1209:
987:
352:
252:
203:
151:
1216:
1202:
359:
345:
287:
960:
428:
383:
248:Determination of Absorption Rate Constant
186:
887:
595:
1227:
720:
650:
340:
23:, describes an atypical situation in
1168:
775:
64:These circumstances can occur with
31:or the rate at which it enters the
13:
1145:Minimum bactericidal concentration
14:
1251:
1172:
1135:Minimum inhibitory concentration
366:
308:10.2165/00003088-198510040-00003
227:10.1111/j.1365-2885.2004.00600.x
1075:WHO list of essential medicines
568:Non-specific effect of vaccines
1130:Antimicrobial pharmacodynamics
241:
1:
1055:Functional analog (chemistry)
144:
1188:. You can help Knowledge by
608:Hill equation (biochemistry)
273:10.2174/15748847113089990051
7:
119:medroxyprogesterone acetate
105:and long-acting injectable
10:
1256:
1167:
1123:Antimicrobial pharmacology
603:Dose–response relationship
533:Desensitization (medicine)
21:flip–flop pharmacokinetics
1045:Coinduction (anesthetics)
1038:
839:
711:
497:
374:
1110:Multiple drug resistance
1083:Tolerance and resistance
451:Physiological antagonist
39:rate. That is, when the
861:Neuropsychopharmacology
623:Cheng-Prussoff Equation
618:Del Castillo Katz model
545:Other effects of ligand
528:Receptor (biochemistry)
446:Irreversible antagonist
27:where a drug's rate of
1184:-related article is a
997:Classical pharmacology
758:Plasma protein binding
733:Volume of distribution
441:Competitive antagonist
115:testosterone enanthate
78:intradermal injections
1105:Antibiotic resistance
897:Clinical pharmacology
416:Physiological agonist
376:Ligand (biochemistry)
87:is determined by the
1002:Reverse pharmacology
912:Pharmacoepidemiology
753:Biological half-life
633:Ligand binding assay
507:Activity at receptor
401:Irreversible agonist
103:depot antipsychotics
59:elimination constant
1050:Combination therapy
938:Pharmacoinformatics
907:Medicinal chemistry
513:Mechanism of action
261:Curr Clin Pharmacol
94:, and the apparent
48:absorption constant
35:is slower than its
1240:Pharmacology stubs
1020:Immunopharmacology
970:Pharmacotoxicology
871:Psychopharmacology
663:Intrinsic activity
563:Pleiotropy (drugs)
484:Agonist-antagonist
396:Endogenous agonist
296:Clin Pharmacokinet
111:estradiol valerate
17:Flip–flop kinetics
1197:
1196:
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1161:
1158:
1157:
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1015:Photopharmacology
1010:
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920:
919:
883:
882:
876:Electrophysiology
866:Neuropharmacology
821:
820:
771:
770:
707:
706:
694:Therapeutic index
646:
645:
591:
590:
540:
539:
469:
468:
424:
423:
179:10.4155/tde.11.19
109:medications like
66:sustained-release
50:) is slower than
1247:
1235:Pharmacokinetics
1218:
1211:
1204:
1176:
1169:
1120:
1119:
1080:
1079:
1060:Polypharmacology
985:
984:
958:
957:
948:Pharmacogenomics
943:Pharmacogenetics
922:
921:
885:
884:
846:
845:
773:
772:
743:Rate of infusion
718:
717:
713:Pharmacokinetics
648:
647:
593:
592:
542:
541:
504:
503:
499:Pharmacodynamics
479:Neurotransmitter
461:Enzyme inhibitor
426:
425:
381:
380:
361:
354:
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328:
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291:
285:
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70:depot injections
25:pharmacokinetics
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1248:
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1245:
1244:
1225:
1224:
1223:
1222:
1165:
1163:
1154:
1114:
1100:Drug resistance
1078:
1034:
1006:
979:
975:Neurotoxicology
952:
916:
879:
841:
835:
817:
767:
763:Bioavailability
748:Onset of action
703:
642:
587:
536:
493:
465:
456:Inverse agonist
420:
406:Partial agonist
370:
365:
334:
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331:
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257:
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211:
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107:steroid hormone
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56:
45:
12:
11:
5:
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1195:
1194:
1177:
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1156:
1155:
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1147:
1142:
1140:Bacteriostatic
1137:
1132:
1126:
1124:
1116:
1115:
1113:
1112:
1107:
1102:
1097:
1092:
1090:Drug tolerance
1086:
1084:
1077:
1072:
1070:Lists of drugs
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1062:
1057:
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1007:
1005:
1004:
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989:Drug discovery
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880:
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843:
837:
836:
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833:
831:Bioequivalence
828:
822:
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573:Adverse effect
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530:
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518:Mode of action
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149:
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98:
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68:formulations,
54:
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1128:
1127:
1125:
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1111:
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1103:
1101:
1098:
1096:
1095:Tachyphylaxis
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1091:
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1016:
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621:
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609:
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604:
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600:
598:
594:
583:
582:Neurotoxicity
579:
576:
574:
571:
569:
566:
564:
561:
558:
554:
551:Selectivity (
550:
549:
547:
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534:
531:
529:
526:
524:
521:
519:
516:
514:
511:
509:
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489:Pharmacophore
487:
485:
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357:
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348:
343:
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321:
317:
313:
309:
305:
302:(4): 315–33.
301:
297:
290:
282:
278:
274:
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266:
262:
255:
249:
244:
236:
232:
228:
224:
221:(6): 427–39.
220:
216:
209:
207:
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189:
184:
180:
176:
173:(5): 643–72.
172:
168:
164:
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127:
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67:
62:
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26:
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1190:expanding it
1182:pharmacology
1179:
1164:
1065:Chemotherapy
1025:Cell biology
926:Biochemistry
850:Neuroscience
798:Distribution
728:Loading dose
411:Superagonist
368:Pharmacology
333:
299:
295:
289:
267:(3): 310–7.
264:
260:
254:
243:
218:
214:
170:
166:
140:
132:
131:rather than
125:
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95:
88:
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74:subcutaneous
63:
51:
40:
20:
16:
15:
1150:Bactericide
826:Compartment
637:Patch clamp
613:Schild plot
72:, and some
37:elimination
33:bloodstream
1229:Categories
1030:Physiology
962:Toxicology
854:psychology
803:Metabolism
793:Absorption
787:Liberation
629:Organ bath
557:Functional
436:Antagonist
429:Inhibitory
384:Excitatory
167:Ther Deliv
145:References
29:absorption
812:Clearance
808:Excretion
627:Methods (
930:genetics
902:Pharmacy
889:Medicine
699:Affinity
658:Efficacy
596:Analysis
578:Toxicity
324:12848774
281:23343447
235:15601438
197:21837267
840:Related
783:(L)ADME
737:Initial
721:Metrics
668:Potency
651:Metrics
553:Binding
523:Binding
391:Agonist
316:2864156
188:3152312
842:fields
322:
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117:, and
1180:This
1039:Other
776:LADME
320:S2CID
19:, or
1186:stub
928:and
852:and
688:TD50
684:LD50
680:ED50
676:IC50
672:EC50
474:Drug
312:PMID
277:PMID
231:PMID
193:PMID
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304:doi
269:doi
223:doi
183:PMC
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