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replacement project manager. He spent several days developing a new construction plan and was joined in
Resolute by Zubrin on July 15. John Kunz also agreed to remain and assist the construction effort. Zubrin and Schubert flew to Devon Island later in the day on July 15. John Kunz flew back to Devon Island on July 16.
593:, the crew gathers for an initial face-to-face meeting and training session in Colorado. Departing for the arctic, the crew travels by commercial airline to Resolute. There they spend a few days organizing their supplies and equipment and conducting some final training while waiting for clear weather. They then board
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During the formal Mars simulation period of each expedition, it is required that any outside work be done while wearing a simulated spacesuit and that all communications are conducted by radio. Space suited crew members use a simulated airlock depress/repress procedure upon each exit and entry to the
433:
Frank
Schubert, a Mars Society member who was a homebuilder by trade, had been sent to Resolute following the initial team. It was originally intended that he focus on the interior build-out of the station, but instead played a key role in erecting the structure and was appointed by Robert Zubrin as
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On July 3, 2000, the three C-130s, Kurt
Micheels, John Kunz, and a paid team of construction workers were in Resolute. The construction team traveled to Devon Island via Twin Otters on July 4. On July 5 the Marines conducted five successful paradrops of station components. A sixth paradrop was also
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Crew members are also required to write periodic reports to document conducted research, to advise on the status of engineering systems, and to capture details related to other aspects of operations. There are four reports that are typically generated, these being the
Commander's Report, a Science
405:
The station's structure was fabricated between
January 2000 and June 2000 by Infrastructures Composites International (Infracomp) under the direction of John Kunz, using a unique type of fiberglass honeycomb construction technology. The Mars Society provided Infracomp additional manpower from Mesa
612:
Due to limited visibility of crew members wearing simulated spacesuits, all work outside the station is conducted with one crew member "out-of-sim". It is the responsibility of this crew member to be on the lookout for, and to protect the crew from polar bears. This crew member is typically armed
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Over time, there were drastic differences between the FMARS and MDRS, due to FMARS's more isolated location and MDRS's more continuous use, maintenance and expansion. The FMARS also needs to withstand the extreme wind and temperature in the Arctic. A participant of Mars 160 described the FMARS as
467:, and journalists. Several individuals spoke. Robert Zubrin gave the concluding remarks and dedicated the station to those whose cause it will ultimately serve, a people who are yet to be, the pioneers of Mars. The station was christened by smashing a bottle of Canadian sparkling wine against it.
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The seventh and final paradrop, conducted on July 8, was unsuccessful. The parachute separated from the payload at an altitude of 1000 feet. The payload contained a crane for use in constructing the station, a trailer intended to transport the station sections from their landing locations to the
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On July 17 parts were obtained from
Resolute that were used to construct a crude replacement trailer. Enlisting the help of volunteers from HMP and members of a Japanese TV crew, six of the wall segments were transported from their landing location within the crater to the construction site.
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The station's wall sections were raised to vertical and connected to each other July 20 through July 22. The floors of the station were constructed out of wood and assembled on July 23 and July 24. The dome roof of the station was assembled July 24, 25 and 26th. This completed the exterior
621:. The crew also carries bear deterrent devices known as bear bangers. No polar bears have yet been encountered by the crew of an FMARS expedition, although signs of their presence on the island are regularly seen, and at least one encounter has occurred with participants in the HMP.
299:. The society uses the station to conduct geological and biological exploration under conditions similar to those found on Mars, to develop field tactics based on those explorations, to test habitat design features, tools, and technologies, and to assess crew selection protocols.
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The Mars
Society engaged the services of Aziz Kheraj, the owner of Resolute's South Camp Inn. He flew to Devon Island on July 12 and assessed the situation. He would go on to provide critical support, equipment and materials that allowed construction of the station to proceed.
33:
390:), in order to gain the information needed to plan operations and to determine an optimum site for station construction. An appropriate site was selected on a ridge overlooking the Haughton crater, which was named Haynes Ridge by Robert Zubrin in honor of the late
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O. Sindiy, K. Ezra, D. DeLaurentis, B. Caldwell, K. Simpson, and T. McVittie. (2009) Use of
Analogous Projects for Trade Space Analysis for Lunar Command, Control, Communication, and Information Architectures. AIAA Infotech@Aerospace Conference, Seattle,
452:
Individuals from HMP, the
Discovery Channel film team and a number of journalists on-site assisted with the interior build-out of the station, which was only partially completed. Finishing touches of the interior build-out would occur the following year.
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to conduct several EVAs, communications were established with the
Mission Support group in Denver, and a list of items for correction, installation or improvement were identified with the habitat and its systems. This crew left Devon Island on August 4.
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habitat. Communications between the station and off-island researchers are subject to a time delay (typically 20 minutes) which mimics that of actual radio traffic between Earth and Mars. A satellite phone is kept on-site for use in emergencies.
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The Mars Society sends researchers to live and work at the station typically for one month during the arctic summer. Each of these expeditions consists of a crew of between 6 and 7 individuals. Typically 1 to 2 months prior to departing for the
302:
The project's final cost was US$ 1.3 million, raised through sponsorships with major companies. Flashline.com, an internet business, donated $ 175,000 and was granted the right to affix its name to the project. Other major sponsors included the
968:
O. Sindiy, K. Ezra, D. DeLaurentis, B. Caldwell, T. McVittie, and K. Simpson (2010) Analogues Supporting Design of Lunar Command, Control, Communication, and Information Architectures. Journal of Aerospace Computing, Information, and
652:
The habitat, commonly referred to as "the Hab", is a 7.7 metres (25 ft) tall cylinder that measures 8.3 metres (27 ft) in diameter and is used as the living area during simulation. Its basic size and design is based on the
441:
The remainder of the habitat's components were transported to the construction site on July 18 and July 19. The existing volunteers were assisted by Joe Amarualuk and several Inuit high school students who also volunteered to help.
671:
Also on the campus is a greywater sump, a SmartAsh incinerator, secondary containment areas for storage of barrels of gasoline, diesel fuel, and waste oil, and a satellite dish that provides the station's internet connection.
687:
Pletser, Vladimir; Lognonne, Philippe; Diament, Michel; Dehant, Véronique (2009), "Subsurface water detection on Mars by astronauts using a seismic refraction method: Tests during a manned Mars mission simulation",
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circumarctic network of currently 89 terrestrial field bases located in northern Europe, Russia, US, Canada, Greenland, Iceland, the Faroe Islands, and Scotland as well as stations in northern alpine areas.
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On July 12, Kurt Micheels and the construction crew left Devon Island and returned to Resolute, unable to find a way to continue station construction. Micheels later resigned as project manager on July 15.
755:
Robert Zubrin. "The Flashline Mars Arctic Research Station: Dispatches from the First Year's Mission Simulation", AIAA 2002-0993 40th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit, Reno, NV. January 14–17,
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Operated by the non-profit Mars Society, the station's mission is to help develop key knowledge needed to prepare for human Mars exploration, and to inspire the public by making real the vision of human
1324:
Ferrone, K., S. Cusack, C. Garvin, V. W. Kramer, J. Palaia, and B. Shiro (2010). Flashline Mars Arctic Research Station (FMARS) 2009 Crew Perspectives, AIAA paper 2010–2258, In: Proceedings of the AIAA
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Sheryl L. Bishop, Ryan Kobrick, Melissa Battler and Kim Binsted. FMARS 2007: Stress and Coping in an Arctic Mars Simulation, 59th IAC Congress, Glasgow, Scotland, 29 September – 3 October 2008.
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aircraft for the final leg of the journey. These aircraft land on a dirt airstrip located on Devon Island near the station. The primary means of crew transportation while on the island is by
668:
The generator shack is a small wooden structure located to the east of the habitat. It houses two diesel generators (primary and backup) which alternately provide power for the habitat.
770:
406:
Fiberglass, Pioneer Astronautics and the Rocky Mountain Mars Society Chapter in order to meet the deadline for station deployment. The station's components were transported by truck to
78:
38:
The completed exterior of the station on July 26, 2000. From left to right are Joe Amarualik, Joannie Pudluk, John Kunz, Frank Schubert, Matt Smola, Bob Nesson, and Robert Zubrin.
759:
Vladimir Pletser, Robert Zubrin, K. Quinn. "Simulation of Martian EVA at the Mars Society Arctic Research Station", Presented to World Space Congress, Houston, TX. October 2002.
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Wynn, L., Held, J., Kereszturi, A. and Reed, J., "The Geophysical Study Of An Earth Impact Crater As An Analogue For Studying Martian Impact Craters", published in
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A symbolic first crew occupied the station the night of the 28th and during the day on the 29th. It consisted of Pascal Lee, Marc Boucher, Frank Schubert,
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857:
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Matt Smola, the foreman of Frank Schubert's construction company in Denver, arrived on Devon Island on July 20 and assisted with station construction.
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Report, an Engineering Report and a Narrative Report. The crew transmits these reports to a Mission Support team (typically located in Colorado).
825:
828:", Workshop on analog sites and facilities for the human exploration of the Moon and Mars, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO. May 21–23, 2003
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An inauguration ceremony took place at 9PM on the 28th. Every human being on the island attended. This included approximately fifty scientists,
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and molds. Power and internet access was limited to a few hours per day and many pieces of equipment were broken because of poor maintenance.
814:
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operated by the U.S. Marine Corps 4th Air Delivery Battalion. The first C-130 departed Moffett Field headed for the arctic on July 1, 2000.
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in April 1998. The station was officially selected as the Mars Society's first project at the society's Founding Convention in August 1998.
49:
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A shakedown crew then occupied the station for four days. It was commanded by Dr. Carol Stoker, and included Larry Lemke, Bill Clancey,
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875:
Four-month Moon and Mars crew water utilization study conducted at the Flashline Mars Arctic Research Station, Devon Island, Nunavut
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810:", Proceedings of the 34th International Conference on Environmental Systems, Colorado Springs, CO, USA, July 2004, SAE-04ICES-31.
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Kurt Micheels and Robert Zubrin conducted a scouting expedition to Devon Island as part of the 1999 field season of NASA's
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723:
Clancey, William J. "Simulating "Mars on Earth" – A Report from FMARS Phase 2". In Zubrin, R. M.; Crossman, F. (eds.).
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Subsurface Water Detection on Mars by Active Seismology: Simulation at the Mars Society Arctic Research Station
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M. Bamsey, A. Berinstain, S. Auclair, M. Battler, K. Binsted, K. Bywaters, J. Harris, R. Kobrick, C. McKay. "
375:
The station was designed by architect Kurt Micheels and design engineer Wayne Cassalls in coordination with
368:
The establishment of a human Mars exploration analog research station on Devon Island was first proposed by
311:(which purchased exclusive English-language TV rights to the station's activities for the first two years).
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Exobiological protocol and laboratory for the human exploration of Mars: Lessons from a polar impact crater
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A Field Methodology Approach Between an Earth-Based Remote Science Team and a Planetary-Based Field Crew
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Space Habitats and Habitability: Designing for Isolated and Confined Environments on Earth and in Space
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Space Habitats and Habitability: Designing for Isolated and Confined Environments on Earth and in Space
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Vladimir Pletser, Philippe Lognonne, Michel Diament, Véronique Dehant, Pascal Lee, and Robert Zubrin. "
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402:. Following this scouting expedition, Kurt Micheels was selected as the station's project manager.
2019:
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and are not equal in volume. A nearby river a few hundred meters away provides freshwater, and a
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The FMARS project is one of four stations originally planned by the Mars Society as part of the
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construction site, and the fiberglass floors for the structure. All were completely destroyed.
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FMARS is the first research station of its kind to be built, completed in the summer of 2000.
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Frank Schubert, Matt Smola and Robert Zubrin left Devon Island on the afternoon of the 29th.
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307:, the Foundation for the International Non-governmental Development of Space (FINDS) and the
808:
Crew Experience at the ‘Flashline Mars Arctic Research Station’ during the 2003 Field Season
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Supply requirement prediction during long-duration space missions using Bayesian estimation
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INTERACT – International Network for Terrestrial Research and Monitoring in the Arctic
920:
540:, Marc Boucher, and Bob Nesson. The crew used a prototype Mars space suit supplied by
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Human factors research as part of a Mars exploration analogue mission on Devon Island
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The campus currently consists of two buildings, the habitat and the generator shack.
398:, a founding member of the Mars Society and seminal thinker on issues concerning the
308:
257:
149:
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709:
280:). The location is approximately 1,600 km (990 mi; 860 nmi) from the
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Principles for integrating Mars Analog Science, Operations, and Technology Research
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853:, edited by Zubrin, RM, and Crossman, F. Collector's Guide Publishing Inc. 2006 ed
641:
508:
Robert Zubrin gives a speech at the commissioning of the station on July 28, 2000.
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1989:
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Ferrone, K., S. Cusack, C. Garvin, V. W. Kramer, J. Palaia, and B. Shiro (2010).
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1999:
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Mars Analog Station Cognitive Testing (MASCOT): Results of First Field Season
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Volunteers use a scaffold to erect the walls of the station on July 21, 2000.
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80:
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Flashline Mars Arctic Research Station (FMARS). Panorama taken in July 2009.
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2004:
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Use of Web 2.0 Technologies for Public Outreach on a Simulated Mars Mission
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Planetary and Space Science Centre University of New Brunswick Fredericton
256:, approximately 165 kilometres (103 mi) north east of the hamlet of
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1994:
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1613:
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Binstead, K., Kobrick, R.L., Ogiofa, M., Bishop, S., Lapierre, J. (2010)
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Private ground infrastructures for space exploration missions simulations
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537:
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The first set of the station's wall panels are erected on July 20, 2000.
2644:
2629:
1964:
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369:
281:
1349:, 59th IAC Congress, Glasgow, Scotland, 29 September – 3 October 2008.
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Dr. Sheryl L. Bishop, Ryan Kobrick, Melissa Battler, and Kim Binsted.
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Flashline Mars Arctic Research Station (FMARS) 2009 Crew Perspectives
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and approximately 1,500 km (930 mi; 810 nmi) from the
269:
140:
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937:, NASA Lunar Science Forum 2010, 20–22 July, Moffett Field, CA, USA.
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1392:(1st trade paperback ed.). New York: Penguin Group (USA) Inc.
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264:, Canada. The station is situated on Haynes Ridge, overlooking the
240:
1390:
Mars on Earth: The Adventures of Space Pioneers in the High Arctic
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Häuplik-Meusburger, Sandra; Bishop, Sheryl; O’Leary, Beth (2021).
1248:
Häuplik-Meusburger, Sandra; Bishop, Sheryl; O’Leary, Beth (2021).
781:
Mars on Earth: The Adventures of Space Pioneers in the High Arctic
752:", Conference on the Geophysical Detection of Water on Mars, 2001.
276:) diameter crater formed approximately 39 million years ago (late
2009:
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Cockell, C.S., Lim, D.S.S., Braham, S, Lee, P., Clancey, B., "
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145:
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Bishop, S.L, Kobrick, R., Battler, M., Binsted, K. (2010).
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FMARS 2007: Stress and Coping in an Arctic Mars Simulation
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FMARS 2007: Stress and coping in an arctic Mars simulation
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In Situ Exploration by Humans in Mars Analog Environments
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In Situ Exploration by Humans in Mars Analog Environments
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more structurally sound, though more deteriorated due to
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Devon Island and surroundings. Haughton crater also shown
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The station's roof dome arch is formed on July 25, 2000.
1846:
1320:
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16:
Simulated Mars habitat on Devon Island, Nunavut, Canada
1380:, Astronaut for Hire Blog, accessed December 17, 2010.
963:
Additional publications referencing work done at FMARS
935:
Iterative Science Strategy on Analog Geophysical EVAs
884:, Planetary and Space Science, v58 (7–8), p 994–1006.
1307:
981:
1109:"Flashline Mars Arctic Research Station - INTERACT"
1329:2010 Conference, 25–30 April, Huntsville, AL, USA.
877:", Advances in Space Research 43 (2009) 1256–1274.
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342:) have not progressed beyond the planning stages.
561:wood panels. The habitat is stabilized by ground
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1357:
1355:
1222:
1220:
1218:
891:, Acta Astronautica, v 66 (9–10), p 1353–1367.
657:architecture. On the first floor there are two
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1413:Flashline Mars Arctic Research Station (FMARS)
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1172:, "FMARS Website", accessed December 17, 2010.
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919:Shiro, B., J. Palaia, and K. Ferrone (2009).
819:Journal of the British Interplanetary Society
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215:, Canada, which is owned and operated by the
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838:Held, J., Wynn, L., Reed, J., and R. Wang, "
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322:(MDRS) began operation in 2002 in southern
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460:was raised on the 28th atop the station.
1060:"Flashline Mars Arctic Research Station"
846:, Vol 10, Num 4, pp. 351–366, 2007.
821:, Vol 56, Num 3–4, pp. 74–86, 2003.
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513:
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493:
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239:
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1020:List of research stations in the Arctic
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1689:Arctic Mars Analog Svalbard Expedition
1672:Mars Analogue Research Station Program
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661:, a shower and toilet, a room for the
379:and numerous Mars Society volunteers.
336:Australia Mars Analog Research Station
193:Flashline Mars Arctic Research Station
63:Flashline Mars Arctic Research Station
26:Flashline Mars Arctic Research Station
1850:
1426:
719:", ActaAstronautica66(2010)1580–1592.
328:European Mars Analog Research Station
645:The generator shack at FMARS (2009).
316:Mars Analog Research Station Program
2902:Buildings and structures in Nunavut
1418:Mars Desert Research Station (MDRS)
1274:
1126:
722:
410:, California and loaded onto three
326:. Stations to be built in Europe (
13:
903:
844:International Journal of Logistics
800:
725:On to Mars, Colonizing a New World
14:
2923:
1469:List of crewed Mars mission plans
1406:
1241:
954:Shiro, B. and K. Ferrone (2010).
219:. The station is a member of the
2897:Science and technology in Canada
2839:
2828:
2827:
1573:
984:
933:Shiro, B. and C. Stoker (2010).
742:
530:, Bob Nesson and Robert Zubrin.
347:
252:, a Mars analog environment and
199:) is the first of two simulated
55:
48:
32:
2892:Research stations in the Arctic
1291:Springer Science+Business Media
1258:Springer Science+Business Media
1115:from the original on 2022-01-03
1090:from the original on 2018-03-07
897:10.1016/j.actaastro.2009.11.008
710:10.1016/j.actaastro.2008.07.005
675:
1515:Austere Human Missions to Mars
1101:
1072:
1052:
769:Jan Osburg and Walter Sipes. "
1:
1636:Mars Design Reference Mission
1045:
785:. Jeremy P. Tarcher/Penguin.
548:
449:construction of the station.
227:
205:Mars Analog Research Stations
2284:Recurring slope lineae (RSL)
1619:Space Exploration Initiative
1561:Vision for Space Exploration
1520:Mars Piloted Orbital Station
364:Establishment of the station
320:Mars Desert Research Station
7:
2718:Inspiration Mars Foundation
977:
10:
2928:
2753:Artificial objects on Mars
1371:"Comparing FMARS and MDRS"
248:The station is located on
2822:
2770:List of films set on Mars
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2696:
2678:
2622:
2613:
2593:
2585:C/2013 A1 (Siding Spring)
2577:
2498:
2450:
2403:
2394:
2382:Classical albedo features
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1935:
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1226:Zubrin 2004, pp. 117–149
947:Shiro, B. (May 13, 2010)
856:S. Sklar and S. Rupert. "
637:The FMARS Habitat (2009).
628:
173:
156:
139:
129:
117:
109:
94:75.4313194°N 89.8233861°W
74:
43:
31:
24:
2688:List of missions to Mars
1876:
1238:Zubrin 2004, pp. 151–178
1192:Zubrin 2004, pp. 93–116
1035:Outline of space science
19:Place in Nunavut, Canada
2846:Solar System portal
1599:Martian Piloted Complex
1388:Zubrin, Robert (2004).
927:
913:
867:
832:
763:
680:
392:Professor Robert Haynes
221:European Union-INTERACT
99:75.4313194; -89.8233861
2460:Solar eclipses on Mars
2319:"Swiss cheese" feature
2175:Concentric crater fill
1831:Mars atmospheric entry
777:Robert Zubrin (2004).
646:
638:
577:provides electricity.
519:
509:
499:
489:
479:
456:A red, green and blue
418:successful on July 8.
266:Haughton impact crater
245:
237:
2877:Human analog missions
2867:Earth Impact Database
1821:Mars orbit rendezvous
1763:Mars Excursion Module
1720:Caves of Mars Project
1546:Constellation program
1139:Earth Impact Database
1010:Human mission to Mars
1005:Haughton–Mars Project
644:
636:
517:
507:
497:
487:
477:
458:Martian tricolor flag
384:Haughton Mars Project
282:Geographic North Pole
243:
235:
158: • Summer (
2882:Colonization of Mars
2660:Permanent settlement
1826:Terraforming of Mars
1789:Colonization of Mars
1000:Colonization of Mars
951:. UND 997 Symposium.
773:", SAE-2004-01-2586.
599:All-Terrain Vehicles
400:terraforming of Mars
2887:Exploration of Mars
2802:Timekeeping on Mars
2479:Planetary transits
2464:Satellite transits
2377:Observation history
2225:Lobate debris apron
1794:Exploration of Mars
1499:SpaceX Mars program
992:Solar System portal
702:2009AcAau..64..457P
615:pump-action shotgun
557:mostly made out of
542:Hamilton Sundstrand
297:exploration of Mars
286:Magnetic North Pole
90: /
2907:Qikiqtaaluk Region
1376:2010-11-20 at the
1361:Zubrin 2004, p. 96
1345:2011-10-25 at the
1283:Vakoch, Douglas A.
1250:Vakoch, Douglas A.
1168:2018-11-27 at the
1040:Space colonization
647:
639:
520:
510:
500:
490:
480:
246:
238:
134:Qikiqtaaluk Region
2854:
2853:
2807:Sol (day on Mars)
2775:Martian scientist
2758:Memorials on Mars
2741:
2740:
2712:The Case for Mars
2609:
2608:
2390:
2389:
2324:Terrain softening
2289:Ring mold craters
2257:North Polar Basin
2180:Dark slope streak
2025:Vastitas Borealis
1922:Dust devil tracks
1844:
1843:
1753:Crewed Mars rover
1694:Concordia Station
1630:The Case for Mars
1569:
1568:
792:978-1-58542-350-7
715:Alain Souchier. "
690:Acta Astronautica
524:
523:
518:2000 FMARS Patch.
334:) and Australia (
309:Discovery Channel
305:Kirsch Foundation
244:Devon island view
189:
188:
2919:
2844:
2843:
2842:
2831:
2830:
2705:The Mars Project
2620:
2619:
2568:
2558:
2548:
2526:
2524:
2523:
2401:
2400:
2262:Ocean hypothesis
2112:Outflow channels
1900:
1899:
1871:
1864:
1857:
1848:
1847:
1593:The Mars Project
1577:
1556:Inspiration Mars
1541:Aurora programme
1484:
1483:
1447:
1440:
1433:
1424:
1423:
1403:
1381:
1368:
1362:
1359:
1350:
1336:
1330:
1322:
1305:
1304:
1289:(1st ed.).
1278:
1272:
1271:
1256:(1st ed.).
1245:
1239:
1236:
1227:
1224:
1193:
1190:
1173:
1160:
1154:
1153:
1151:
1150:
1130:
1124:
1123:
1121:
1120:
1105:
1099:
1098:
1096:
1095:
1076:
1070:
1069:
1067:
1066:
1056:
994:
989:
988:
987:
796:
784:
738:
736:
727:. Apogee Books.
712:
470:
469:
351:
185:
182:
180:
163:
105:
104:
102:
101:
100:
95:
91:
88:
87:
86:
83:
59:
58:
52:
36:
22:
21:
2927:
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2920:
2918:
2917:
2916:
2857:
2856:
2855:
2850:
2840:
2838:
2818:
2812:Darian calendar
2737:
2692:
2674:
2605:
2589:
2573:
2566:
2561:
2556:
2551:
2546:
2541:
2521:
2520:
2517:
2494:
2446:
2440:Voltaire crater
2418:Stickney crater
2386:
2348:
2190:Fretted terrain
2136:
2036:
2029:
1990:Sinus Meridiani
1975:Planum Australe
1950:Cerberus (Mars)
1931:
1889:
1887:Outline of Mars
1880:
1875:
1845:
1840:
1777:
1740:
1734:
1708:
1655:
1647:
1584:
1578:
1565:
1529:
1503:
1479:
1473:
1460:
1451:
1409:
1400:
1385:
1384:
1378:Wayback Machine
1369:
1365:
1360:
1353:
1347:Wayback Machine
1337:
1333:
1323:
1308:
1301:
1279:
1275:
1268:
1246:
1242:
1237:
1230:
1225:
1196:
1191:
1176:
1170:Wayback Machine
1161:
1157:
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1146:
1132:
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1127:
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1093:
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1048:
990:
985:
983:
980:
965:
930:
916:
906:
870:
835:
824:W.J. Clancey. "
803:
793:
766:
745:
683:
678:
631:
591:Canadian Arctic
553:The FMARS is a
551:
528:Charles Cockell
396:York University
366:
361:
360:
359:
357:
352:
230:
177:
157:
98:
96:
92:
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84:
81:
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39:
27:
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12:
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5:
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2760:
2749:
2747:
2743:
2742:
2739:
2738:
2736:
2735:
2730:
2725:
2723:Mars Institute
2720:
2715:
2708:
2700:
2698:
2694:
2693:
2691:
2690:
2684:
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2676:
2675:
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2347:
2346:
2341:
2336:
2331:
2326:
2321:
2316:
2311:
2306:
2301:
2299:Seasonal flows
2296:
2294:Rootless cones
2291:
2286:
2281:
2280:
2279:
2269:
2264:
2259:
2254:
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2162:
2157:
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2146:
2144:
2138:
2137:
2135:
2134:
2129:
2124:
2122:Valley network
2119:
2114:
2109:
2107:Observed rocks
2104:
2103:
2102:
2092:
2087:
2082:
2077:
2072:
2067:
2062:
2057:
2052:
2041:
2039:
2031:
2030:
2028:
2027:
2022:
2020:Ultimi Scopuli
2017:
2012:
2007:
2002:
2000:Terra Cimmeria
1997:
1992:
1987:
1982:
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1957:
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1736:
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1725:Mars Institute
1722:
1716:
1714:
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1707:
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1528:
1527:
1522:
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1511:
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1505:
1504:
1502:
1501:
1496:
1494:Mars Base Camp
1490:
1488:
1481:
1475:
1474:
1472:
1471:
1465:
1462:
1461:
1450:
1449:
1442:
1435:
1427:
1421:
1420:
1415:
1408:
1407:External links
1405:
1398:
1383:
1382:
1363:
1351:
1331:
1306:
1300:978-3030697396
1299:
1273:
1267:978-3030697396
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1174:
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1125:
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1017:
1012:
1007:
1002:
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970:
969:Communication.
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559:double-skinned
550:
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521:
511:
501:
491:
481:
412:C-130 aircraft
365:
362:
354:
353:
346:
345:
344:
288:(as of 2010).
229:
226:
187:
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175:
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85:089°49′24.19″W
72:
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29:
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2:
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2699:
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2685:
2683:
2681:
2677:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2655:Human mission
2653:
2651:
2650:Sample return
2648:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2636:
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2525:
2516:
2515:
2514:
2513:Mars-crossers
2511:
2509:
2506:
2505:
2503:
2501:
2497:
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2481:
2480:
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2359:
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2345:
2342:
2340:
2337:
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2332:
2330:
2329:Tharsis bulge
2327:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2297:
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2292:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2278:
2275:
2274:
2273:
2270:
2268:
2267:Ore resources
2265:
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2255:
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2250:
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2188:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2160:Chaos terrain
2158:
2156:
2153:
2151:
2150:Brain terrain
2148:
2147:
2145:
2143:
2139:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2101:
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2093:
2091:
2088:
2086:
2083:
2081:
2078:
2076:
2073:
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2068:
2066:
2065:Chaos terrain
2063:
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2056:
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2050:
2046:
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2038:
2032:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1980:Planum Boreum
1978:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1970:Olympia Undae
1968:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1960:Eridania Lake
1958:
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1467:
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1459:
1455:
1454:Human mission
1448:
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1429:
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1399:1-58542-350-5
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75:Coordinates:
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2912:Devon Island
2872:Mars Society
2792:Life on Mars
2787:Flag of Mars
2728:Mars Society
2710:
2703:
2670:Terraforming
2665:Colonization
2435:Swift crater
2277:polar wander
2005:Terra Sabaea
1945:Arabia Terra
1748:Mars habitat
1730:Mars Society
1676:
1653:Mars analogs
1628:
1591:
1583:20th-century
1525:Mars to Stay
1478:21st-century
1389:
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1147:. Retrieved
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1117:. Retrieved
1103:
1092:. Retrieved
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1074:
1063:. Retrieved
1054:
1025:Mars to Stay
1015:Life on Mars
863:
851:On To Mars 2
850:
843:
818:
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676:Bibliography
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254:polar desert
250:Devon Island
247:
217:Mars Society
209:Devon Island
196:
192:
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181:.marssociety
2615:Exploration
2537:5261 Eureka
2205:Groundwater
2170:Composition
1995:Tempe Terra
1985:Quadrangles
1912:Circulation
1816:Mars cycler
1768:Mars lander
1624:Mars Direct
1614:Ride Report
663:space suits
655:Mars Direct
538:Darlene Lim
97: /
2861:Categories
2272:Polar caps
2252:Mud cracks
2235:Meteorites
2220:Lava tubes
2155:Carbonates
2090:Labyrinthi
1965:Iani Chaos
1904:Atmosphere
1836:Mars flyby
1782:Miscellany
1773:Mars rover
1149:2009-08-19
1134:"Haughton"
1119:2022-01-03
1094:2022-01-03
1080:"INTERACT"
1065:2023-07-06
1046:References
696:(4): 457,
595:Twin Otter
565:and steel
549:Operations
370:Pascal Lee
228:Background
2797:Sub-Earth
2780:Mythology
2733:Mars race
2500:Asteroids
2396:Astronomy
2367:Hesperian
2362:Amazonian
2334:Volcanism
2309:Spherules
2230:Marsquake
2185:Dichotomy
2100:by height
2095:Mountains
1895:Geography
1758:Mars suit
1585:proposals
1480:proposals
729:CiteSeerX
571:bunk beds
567:guy-wires
555:monocoque
272:(14
141:Time zone
119:Territory
2833:Category
2697:Advocacy
2680:Missions
2623:Concepts
2452:Transits
2423:Monolith
2372:Noachian
2344:Yardangs
2240:on Earth
2200:Glaciers
2045:"Canals"
2037:features
2035:Physical
1741:concepts
1739:Hardware
1713:Advocacy
1667:MARS-500
1551:Mars One
1374:Archived
1343:Archived
1327:SpaceOps
1166:Archived
1113:Archived
1088:Archived
1030:MARS-500
978:See also
659:airlocks
332:EuroMARS
258:Resolute
2765:Fiction
2746:Related
2640:Landing
2635:Orbiter
2594:General
2563:2007 NS
2553:1999 UJ
2543:1998 VF
2532:Trojans
2519:2007 WD
2508:Impacts
2488:Mercury
2354:History
2314:Surface
2245:on Mars
2210:Gullies
2195:Geysers
2142:Geology
2132:Gravity
2127:Valleys
2080:Gullies
2070:Craters
2060:Catenae
2055:Canyons
2010:Tharsis
1955:Cydonia
1937:Regions
1927:Methane
1917:Climate
1799:Fiction
1699:HI-SEAS
1508:Passive
1285:(ed.).
1252:(ed.).
698:Bibcode
613:with a
583:dry rot
563:trusses
340:MARS-Oz
262:Nunavut
213:Nunavut
174:Website
124:Nunavut
110:Country
2837:
2826:
2578:Comets
2473:Deimos
2468:Phobos
2430:Deimos
2413:Phobos
2117:Plains
2085:Mensae
2075:Fossae
1809:novels
1604:Aelita
1534:Former
1487:Active
1396:
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1264:
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629:Campus
318:. The
278:Eocene
130:Region
113:Canada
2645:Rover
2630:Flyby
2601:Orbit
2483:Earth
2405:Moons
2339:Water
2215:Lakes
2165:Color
2015:Undae
1804:films
1704:NEEMO
1677:FMARS
756:2002.
619:slugs
465:Inuit
197:FMARS
179:fmars
169:(CDT)
167:UTC-5
146:UTC-6
2304:Soil
2049:list
1878:Mars
1682:MDRS
1658:list
1458:Mars
1394:ISBN
1295:ISBN
1262:ISBN
928:2010
914:2009
868:2007
833:2004
787:ISBN
764:2003
681:2001
603:ATVs
324:Utah
201:Mars
191:The
183:.org
1641:3.0
1609:TMK
1456:to
973:WA.
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260:in
160:DST
150:CST
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
