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5.5 electron volts (eV) between them. The valence electrons fill the lower band. Electrons in this band are not mobile; while electrons in the higher conduction band can travel through the crystal from atom to atom, and thus serve as charge carriers to conduct electricity. Since the 5.5 eV
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is the atomic spacing (lattice constant) found in an actual crystal lattice of carbon atoms (diamond lattice) so the band structure at that spacing is the one found in diamond. At that spacing the orbitals form two bands, called the valence band and conduction band, with an energy gap of
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by waiving all of their rights to the work worldwide under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights, to the extent allowed by law. You can copy, modify, distribute and perform the work, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission.
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is only approximately correct. It also only shows the band structure of the outer (valence) electrons of the atoms (in carbon the 4 2p and 2s electrons). The orbitals of the inner electrons do not overlap to a significant degree, so their bands are much
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is much larger than the thermal energy of most electrons in the crystal, very few electrons acquire the energy to jump the gap and become conduction electrons. This is why diamond is an electrical insulator.
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of a solid comes about by the hypothetical example of a large number of carbon atoms coming together to form a diamond crystal lattice. The graph
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which have the same energy. However when the atoms come closer together their orbitals begin to overlap. The
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