135:
1560:
38:
167:
The Roma were portrayed in
Victorian and modern British literature as having "sinister occult and criminal tendencies" and as associated with "thievery and cunning", and in English Renaissance and baroque theatre as incorporating "elements of outlandish charm and elements which depict as the lowest
172:." In opera, literature and music, throughout Europe, Roma women have been portrayed as provocative, sexually available, gaudy, exotic and mysterious. Hollywood and European movies, as well as popular music and other forms of pop culture, have promoted similar stereotypes.
311:â Cleopatra is twice referred to as a "gipsy," both in the play's opening speech and following Antony's defeat at the Battle of Actium. Early modern people erroneously believed that the Roma had originally hailed from ancient Egypt.
160:, and their supposed irascible or passionate temper which is paired with an indomitable love of freedom and a habit of criminality. Critics of how the Roma have been portrayed in popular culture point out similarities to
1525:
219:, featuring Roma lay actors speaking in their native dialects, although still playing with established clichés of a Roma penchant for both magic and crime, was presented by
1194:
1520:
396:
imaginary, is cited many Romani characters in books and musics like in Di Alte
Tsigayner ('The Old Romani'), Di Kleine Tsigayner ('The Little Romani') and Budapesht ('
17:
476:
1005:
1591:
1412:
1179:
363:, describes one of the characters as "Gipsy eyes, oblique and disguisid. Whose eyes that notice everythink, notice everything without say a think".
1157:
328:
meaning "black" or "with blackness" in Anglo-Romani. As the first Roma immigrants arrived in
England a century before Shakespeare wrote
102:
1510:
74:
55:
1402:
1184:
260:â Which includes the lines "Sees Helen's beauty in the brow of Egypt" ("Egyptian" was used to refer to the Roma of England). Here,
164:, with both groups stereotyped negatively as wandering, spreading disease, abducting children, and violating and murdering others.
1442:
1048:
81:
400:'). The last one is about a Romani band that plays tragic love songs to a Jewish boy that have a broken heart by a Polish girl.
1596:
634:
595:
556:
486:
298:'s handkerchief a gift to Othello's mother is a gift from an "Egyptian charmer" who can almost read the thoughts of people.
88:
1545:
1142:
893:
865:
840:
792:
767:
742:
717:
692:
667:
1137:
517:
121:
70:
1586:
1482:
1457:
1092:
352:
includes a fantasy version of the Roma, the
Vistani. Early printings portrayed the Vistani in a stereotyped light.
1324:
1230:
59:
1152:
211:
507:
277:
by
Shakespeare â He uses the word "ducdame" (Act II, Sc. 5), possibly a corruption or mishearing of the old
1540:
1467:
1351:
1079:
252:
1535:
1407:
1189:
1041:
416:
195:
1437:
1247:
1087:
1069:
374:
95:
1267:
1530:
1500:
1447:
1346:
1169:
237:
48:
832:
209:. The Roma were also heavily romanticized in the Soviet Union, a classic example being the 1975
1034:
1477:
1220:
348:
216:
1329:
1117:
616:
303:
231:
205:
182:
156:
in literature and art present
Romanticized narratives of their supposed mystical powers of
134:
324:, the only human inhabitant of the mythical island, is thought to be named after the word
8:
1452:
1386:
1371:
1356:
1225:
1174:
881:
308:
257:
225:
200:
161:
1505:
1417:
1147:
1112:
1107:
1102:
1097:
825:
420:
389:
1462:
577:
1422:
1319:
889:
861:
836:
788:
763:
738:
713:
688:
663:
630:
601:
591:
562:
552:
523:
513:
492:
482:
462:
1260:
622:
583:
544:
540:
Patterns of
Symbolic Violence: The Motif of 'Gypsy' Child-theft across Visual Media
538:
360:
177:
142:
169:
1564:
1304:
1255:
1235:
1215:
1006:"Wizards of the Coast is addressing racist stereotypes in Dungeons & Dragons"
990:(London printed for the author 1816) p. 148; B.C. Smart and H. T. Crofton, eds.,
439:
157:
858:
The Gypsy caravan: from real Roma to imaginary
Gypsies in Western music and film
1492:
1314:
1282:
951:
810:
The marginalization of shadow minorities (Roma) and its impact on opportunities
393:
382:
273:
220:
605:
566:
527:
1580:
1432:
1272:
1122:
1057:
496:
412:
404:
265:
186:
152:
1164:
660:
Gypsy
Identities 1500-2000: From Egipcyans and Moon-men to the Ethnic Romany
1472:
1427:
1336:
1309:
1299:
1277:
973:
by Alden T. Vaughan, Virginia Mason
Vaughan 1993 Cambridge University Press
457:
452:
431:
378:
356:
278:
827:
The moderns: time, space, and subjectivity in contemporary Spanish culture
264:
is imagining the face of a lover can make the dark-skinned Roma look like
168:
of social outcasts," connected with "magic and charms," and "juggling and
762:(1. publ. ed.). Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press. pp. 152â155.
408:
316:
190:
175:
Particularly notable representations of the Roma appear in classics like
1515:
1292:
1287:
1199:
760:
The foreign woman in British literature: exotics, aliens, and outsiders
626:
587:
548:
427:
333:
295:
37:
1376:
1132:
397:
732:
782:
509:
The Gypsy Woman: Representations in literature and visual culture
435:
321:
290:
261:
235:(1998). Another realistic depiction of the Roma in Yugoslavia is
1526:
Leeds University Library's Gypsy, Traveller and Roma Collections
1026:
1381:
1361:
1127:
332:, it is thought he may have been influenced by their looks and
831:(1. publ. ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. p.
512:. London, United Kingdom: Bloomsbury Publishing: I.B. Tauris.
1366:
685:
The Gypsy as Trope in Victorian and Modern British Literature
367:
1195:
Memorial to the Sinti and Roma Victims of National Socialism
982:
Albert Kluyber, "Kalis and Calibon", trans. A. E. H. Swain.
621:(in English and German). Heidelburg University Publishing.
543:(in English and German). Heidelburg University Publishing.
1521:
Documentation and Cultural Centre of German Sinti and Roma
737:(1. Aufl. ed.). Bern: Peter Lang. pp. 293â295.
710:
The Cambridge companion to the literature of World War II
909:
The tragedy of Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare
712:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 35.
475:
Glajar, Valentina; Radulescu, Domnica, eds. (2008).
758:Reed, Toni (1999). Button, Marilyn Demarest (ed.).
733:Paola Pugliatti; Alessandro Serpieri, eds. (2008).
62:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
958:, 2 vols., (Vol. 1, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1930)
956:William Shakespeare: A Study of Facts and Problems
824:
783:Vasiliie Demos; Marcia Texler Segal, eds. (1994).
1413:European Civil Rights Prize of the Sinti and Roma
735:English Renaissance scenes: from canon to margins
1578:
618:Antigypsyism and Film / Antiziganismus und Film
474:
27:Fictional depictions of the Romani ethnic group
615:Mladenova, Radmila; et al., eds. (2020).
1180:2008â2009 neo-Nazi murders of Roma in Hungary
1158:Deportations of Romani people to Transnistria
1042:
966:
964:
787:. Dix Hills, N.Y.: General Hall. p. 52.
579:The âWhiteâ Mask and the âGypsyâ Mask in Film
366:In Romaduke RPG, "Gipsy" is a class of magic
215:. A more realistic depiction of contemporary
478:"Gypsies" in European literature and culture
381:, are Romanis. Despite that, the historical
947:
945:
1592:Fictional representations of Romani people
1049:
1035:
961:
935:by William Shakespeare Editorial Review â
757:
377:, the family of the main characters, like
18:Fictional representations of Romani people
1511:European Center for Antiziganism Research
971:Shakespeare's Caliban: a cultural history
614:
575:
536:
481:. New York, NY, USA: Palgrave Macmillan.
122:Learn how and when to remove this message
1403:Central Council of German Sinti and Roma
1185:Deportation of Roma migrants from France
1003:
942:
939:vol. 55 iss. 3 p. 171 (c) 3 January 2009
880:
855:
505:
133:
1443:Contact Point for Roma and Sinti Issues
785:Ethnic women: a multiple status reality
14:
1579:
707:
657:
1030:
822:
682:
888:. New York: Routledge. p. 743.
582:. Heidelburg University Publishing.
506:Matthews, Jodie (30 November 2018).
407:, many characters are Romanis, like
60:adding citations to reliable sources
31:
346:The Curse of Strahd supplement for
285:(âI foretellâ or âI tell fortunesâ)
24:
1546:Museum of Roma Culture of Belgrade
1143:Rescue of Roma during the Porajmos
992:The Dialect of The English Gypsies
988:A Hystorical Survey of The Gypsies
886:American folklore: an encyclopedia
468:
268:, who he considers more beautiful.
25:
1608:
1138:Berlin-Marzahn concentration camp
1056:
986:XXI (1895): 326-28; John Holland
807:
430:there are Romani characters like
1559:
1558:
1483:European Roma Information Office
1458:European Roma Information Office
1093:Archaeology of the Romani people
36:
1004:Marshall, Cass (23 June 2020).
997:
976:
926:
914:
902:
874:
47:needs additional citations for
1231:Environmental racism in Europe
1153:Gypsy family camp in Auschwitz
849:
816:
801:
776:
751:
726:
701:
676:
651:
359:, romance by Brazilian writer
340:
244:
13:
1:
860:. New York, N.Y.: Routledge.
644:
1597:Stereotypes of Romani people
1541:Gordon Boswell Romany Museum
1468:National Agency for the Roma
1352:World Day of Romani Language
1103:MoldavianâWallachian slavery
994:2nd ed., London 1875. p. 92.
708:MacKay, Marina, ed. (2009).
151:fictional depictions of the
7:
1536:Basketry Museum of the Roma
1408:European Roma Rights Centre
1190:Roma Holocaust Memorial Day
823:Smith, Paul Julian (2000).
576:Mladenova, Radmila (2022).
537:Mladenova, Radmila (2019).
446:
196:The Hunchback of Notre-Dame
162:portrayals of Jewish people
10:
1613:
1438:International Romani Union
1070:Names of the Romani people
683:Bardi, Abigail R. (2007).
662:. Routledge. p. 266.
71:"Romani people in fiction"
1554:
1491:
1395:
1246:
1208:
1078:
1065:
253:A Midsummer Night's Dream
1531:Museum of Romani Culture
1501:Romani Studies (journal)
1448:Decade of Roma Inclusion
1347:International Romani Day
856:Malvinni, David (2004).
238:I Even Met Happy Gypsies
1587:Fictional Romani people
937:School Library Journal
658:Mayall, David (2009).
349:Dungeons & Dragons
146:
1478:World Romani Congress
1396:Politics and advocacy
1221:Anti-Romani sentiment
921:When Romeo Met Juliet
911:, Joseph Allen Bryant
812:(Thesis). p. 90.
373:In the British serie
217:Romani in the Balkans
137:
1118:Great Gypsy Round-up
882:Brunvand, Jan Harold
304:Antony and Cleopatra
232:Black Cat, White Cat
212:Tabor ukhodit v Nebo
139:Gypsy Fortune Teller
56:improve this article
1453:Roma Education Fund
1387:World Roma Festival
1372:Kris (Romani court)
1357:King of the Gypsies
1248:Society and culture
1226:Roma Special School
1175:2006 Ferentari riot
1170:1993 HÄdÄreni riots
309:William Shakespeare
258:William Shakespeare
226:Time of the Gypsies
201:Miguel de Cervantes
1506:Gypsy Lore Society
1418:Ketani Association
1325:Bible translations
1148:Szczurowa massacre
1113:Egyptians Act 1554
1108:Egyptians Act 1530
1098:Feudum Acinganorum
923:by Leslie Dunkling
627:10.17885/heiup.650
588:10.17885/heiup.989
549:10.17885/heiup.483
390:Yiddish literature
147:
1574:
1573:
1423:NGO Roma Together
984:Englische Studien
636:978-3-96822-012-3
597:978-3-96822-131-1
558:978-3-947732-47-0
488:978-1-349-37154-9
463:Romani literature
392:and in the whole
385:were not Romanis.
320:by Shakespeare â
294:by Shakespeare â
132:
131:
124:
106:
16:(Redirected from
1604:
1562:
1561:
1051:
1044:
1037:
1028:
1027:
1021:
1020:
1018:
1016:
1001:
995:
980:
974:
968:
959:
949:
940:
930:
924:
918:
912:
906:
900:
899:
878:
872:
871:
853:
847:
846:
830:
820:
814:
813:
808:Smith, Jerilyn.
805:
799:
798:
780:
774:
773:
755:
749:
748:
730:
724:
723:
705:
699:
698:
680:
674:
673:
655:
640:
609:
570:
531:
500:
394:Ashkenazi Jewish
361:Machado de Assis
143:Taras Shevchenko
127:
120:
116:
113:
107:
105:
64:
40:
32:
21:
1612:
1611:
1607:
1606:
1605:
1603:
1602:
1601:
1577:
1576:
1575:
1570:
1550:
1487:
1463:Kalé Dor Kayiko
1391:
1242:
1236:Romani feminism
1216:Romani diaspora
1204:
1074:
1061:
1055:
1025:
1024:
1014:
1012:
1002:
998:
981:
977:
969:
962:
950:
943:
931:
927:
919:
915:
907:
903:
896:
879:
875:
868:
854:
850:
843:
821:
817:
806:
802:
795:
781:
777:
770:
756:
752:
745:
731:
727:
720:
706:
702:
695:
681:
677:
670:
656:
652:
647:
637:
598:
559:
520:
489:
471:
469:Further reading
449:
343:
247:
185:and adapted by
183:Prosper Mérimée
158:fortune telling
128:
117:
111:
108:
65:
63:
53:
41:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1610:
1600:
1599:
1594:
1589:
1572:
1571:
1569:
1568:
1555:
1552:
1551:
1549:
1548:
1543:
1538:
1533:
1528:
1523:
1518:
1513:
1508:
1503:
1497:
1495:
1489:
1488:
1486:
1485:
1480:
1475:
1470:
1465:
1460:
1455:
1450:
1445:
1440:
1435:
1430:
1425:
1420:
1415:
1410:
1405:
1399:
1397:
1393:
1392:
1390:
1389:
1384:
1379:
1374:
1369:
1364:
1359:
1354:
1349:
1344:
1339:
1334:
1333:
1332:
1327:
1317:
1312:
1307:
1302:
1297:
1296:
1295:
1290:
1285:
1275:
1270:
1265:
1264:
1263:
1252:
1250:
1244:
1243:
1241:
1240:
1239:
1238:
1233:
1228:
1218:
1212:
1210:
1206:
1205:
1203:
1202:
1197:
1192:
1187:
1182:
1177:
1172:
1167:
1162:
1161:
1160:
1155:
1150:
1145:
1140:
1130:
1125:
1120:
1115:
1110:
1105:
1100:
1095:
1090:
1084:
1082:
1076:
1075:
1073:
1072:
1066:
1063:
1062:
1054:
1053:
1046:
1039:
1031:
1023:
1022:
996:
975:
960:
952:E. K. Chambers
941:
933:As You Like It
925:
913:
901:
895:978-0815333500
894:
873:
867:978-0415969994
866:
848:
842:978-0198160007
841:
815:
800:
794:978-1882289233
793:
775:
769:978-0313309281
768:
750:
744:978-3039110797
743:
725:
719:978-0521887557
718:
700:
694:978-0549452898
693:
687:. p. 65.
675:
669:978-0415566377
668:
649:
648:
646:
643:
642:
641:
635:
611:
610:
596:
572:
571:
557:
533:
532:
518:
502:
501:
487:
470:
467:
466:
465:
460:
455:
448:
445:
444:
443:
424:
401:
386:
383:Peaky Blinders
375:Peaky Blinders
371:
364:
353:
342:
339:
338:
337:
312:
299:
286:
274:As You Like It
269:
246:
243:
221:Emir Kusturica
130:
129:
44:
42:
35:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1609:
1598:
1595:
1593:
1590:
1588:
1585:
1584:
1582:
1567:
1566:
1557:
1556:
1553:
1547:
1544:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1534:
1532:
1529:
1527:
1524:
1522:
1519:
1517:
1514:
1512:
1509:
1507:
1504:
1502:
1499:
1498:
1496:
1494:
1490:
1484:
1481:
1479:
1476:
1474:
1471:
1469:
1466:
1464:
1461:
1459:
1456:
1454:
1451:
1449:
1446:
1444:
1441:
1439:
1436:
1434:
1433:Voice of Roma
1431:
1429:
1426:
1424:
1421:
1419:
1416:
1414:
1411:
1409:
1406:
1404:
1401:
1400:
1398:
1394:
1388:
1385:
1383:
1380:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1370:
1368:
1365:
1363:
1360:
1358:
1355:
1353:
1350:
1348:
1345:
1343:
1340:
1338:
1335:
1331:
1328:
1326:
1323:
1322:
1321:
1318:
1316:
1313:
1311:
1308:
1306:
1303:
1301:
1298:
1294:
1291:
1289:
1286:
1284:
1281:
1280:
1279:
1276:
1274:
1271:
1269:
1266:
1262:
1259:
1258:
1257:
1254:
1253:
1251:
1249:
1245:
1237:
1234:
1232:
1229:
1227:
1224:
1223:
1222:
1219:
1217:
1214:
1213:
1211:
1207:
1201:
1198:
1196:
1193:
1191:
1188:
1186:
1183:
1181:
1178:
1176:
1173:
1171:
1168:
1166:
1163:
1159:
1156:
1154:
1151:
1149:
1146:
1144:
1141:
1139:
1136:
1135:
1134:
1131:
1129:
1126:
1124:
1123:Gypsy Scourge
1121:
1119:
1116:
1114:
1111:
1109:
1106:
1104:
1101:
1099:
1096:
1094:
1091:
1089:
1086:
1085:
1083:
1081:
1077:
1071:
1068:
1067:
1064:
1059:
1052:
1047:
1045:
1040:
1038:
1033:
1032:
1029:
1011:
1007:
1000:
993:
989:
985:
979:
972:
967:
965:
957:
953:
948:
946:
938:
934:
929:
922:
917:
910:
905:
897:
891:
887:
883:
877:
869:
863:
859:
852:
844:
838:
834:
829:
828:
819:
811:
804:
796:
790:
786:
779:
771:
765:
761:
754:
746:
740:
736:
729:
721:
715:
711:
704:
696:
690:
686:
679:
671:
665:
661:
654:
650:
638:
632:
628:
624:
620:
619:
613:
612:
607:
603:
599:
593:
589:
585:
581:
580:
574:
573:
568:
564:
560:
554:
550:
546:
542:
541:
535:
534:
529:
525:
521:
519:9781788313810
515:
511:
510:
504:
503:
498:
494:
490:
484:
480:
479:
473:
472:
464:
461:
459:
456:
454:
451:
450:
441:
437:
433:
429:
425:
422:
418:
414:
413:Scarlet Witch
410:
406:
405:Marvel Comics
402:
399:
395:
391:
387:
384:
380:
376:
372:
369:
365:
362:
358:
354:
351:
350:
345:
344:
335:
331:
327:
323:
319:
318:
313:
310:
306:
305:
300:
297:
293:
292:
287:
284:
280:
276:
275:
270:
267:
266:Helen of Troy
263:
259:
255:
254:
249:
248:
242:
240:
239:
234:
233:
228:
227:
222:
218:
214:
213:
208:
207:
202:
198:
197:
192:
188:
187:Georges Bizet
184:
180:
179:
173:
171:
165:
163:
159:
155:
154:
144:
140:
136:
126:
123:
115:
104:
101:
97:
94:
90:
87:
83:
80:
76:
73: â
72:
68:
67:Find sources:
61:
57:
51:
50:
45:This article
43:
39:
34:
33:
30:
19:
1563:
1473:Romani CRISS
1428:Opera Nomadi
1341:
1013:. Retrieved
1009:
999:
991:
987:
983:
978:
970:
955:
936:
932:
928:
920:
916:
908:
904:
885:
876:
857:
851:
826:
818:
809:
803:
784:
778:
759:
753:
734:
728:
709:
703:
684:
678:
659:
653:
617:
578:
539:
508:
477:
458:Antiziganism
453:Gypsy (term)
432:Dick Grayson
379:Tommy Shelby
357:Dom Casmurro
347:
329:
325:
315:
302:
289:
282:
279:Anglo-Romani
272:
251:
236:
230:
224:
210:
206:La Gitanilla
204:
194:
176:
174:
166:
150:
148:
138:
118:
112:January 2023
109:
99:
92:
85:
78:
66:
54:Please help
49:verification
46:
29:
417:Quicksilver
409:Doctor Doom
341:Other media
330:The Tempest
317:The Tempest
245:Shakespeare
229:(1988) and
191:Victor Hugo
1581:Categories
1516:Roma Route
1342:In fiction
1320:Literature
1209:Population
1200:Romanistan
1165:MĆawa riot
645:References
606:1369310763
567:1126195043
528:1226174067
334:exoticised
82:newspapers
1261:Alphabets
497:156831916
428:DC Comics
296:Desdemona
1565:Category
1377:Rom baro
1305:Folklore
1256:Language
1133:Porajmos
1088:Timeline
884:(1998).
447:See also
398:Budapest
283:dukka me
241:(1967).
170:cozening
1493:Studies
1315:Cuisine
1283:Hip hop
1080:History
1015:25 June
1010:Polygon
436:Zatanna
388:In the
326:Kaliban
322:Caliban
291:Othello
262:Theseus
223:in his
96:scholar
1382:Ursari
1362:Marime
1273:Anthem
1128:Dazdie
1060:topics
1058:Romani
892:
864:
839:
791:
766:
741:
716:
691:
666:
633:
604:
594:
565:
555:
526:
516:
495:
485:
421:Wiccan
314:1611:
301:1607:
288:1603:
271:1600:
250:1596:
178:Carmen
98:
91:
84:
77:
69:
1367:Gadjo
1337:Media
1330:Poets
1310:Dress
1300:Dance
1278:Music
368:rogue
336:them.
281:word
149:Many
103:JSTOR
89:books
1293:Punk
1288:Jazz
1268:Flag
1017:2020
890:ISBN
862:ISBN
837:ISBN
789:ISBN
764:ISBN
739:ISBN
714:ISBN
689:ISBN
664:ISBN
631:ISBN
602:OCLC
592:ISBN
563:OCLC
553:ISBN
524:OCLC
514:ISBN
493:OCLC
483:ISBN
438:and
419:and
199:and
193:'s
153:Roma
75:news
833:181
623:doi
584:doi
545:doi
440:Ice
426:In
403:In
355:In
307:by
256:by
203:'
181:by
141:by
58:by
1583::
1008:.
963:^
954:.
944:^
835:.
629:.
600:.
590:.
561:.
551:.
522:.
491:.
434:,
415:,
411:,
189:,
1050:e
1043:t
1036:v
1019:.
898:.
870:.
845:.
797:.
772:.
747:.
722:.
697:.
672:.
639:.
625::
608:.
586::
569:.
547::
530:.
499:.
442:.
423:.
370:.
145:.
125:)
119:(
114:)
110:(
100:·
93:·
86:·
79:·
52:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
