2320:
early in the Tour, due to riding with an injury. No explanation was given for the traces of medical EPO and "homemade cocktail" in the garbage. In regards of the two riders found positive for amphetamines (Tristan
Hoffman and Laurent Roux), he believed the amounts were so small, that they likely stemmed from a use of pain-killers during some of the days where the two riders were not racing. If the traces indeed could be proofed to origin from an intake of pure amphetamines, he pointed out the doping list anyway still had not prohibited such use of recreational drugs – as long as it only happened out of competition, which he in any case claimed it did. A third possible legal route for Tristan Hoffman's positive amphetamine test (found when analyzing his hair), was also suggested to have been stemming from a
2294:) used EPO in the 1998 Tour", as their blood samples from 28 July 1998 showed a relatively high hematocrit value and a remarkably low natural production of red blood cells (Outschakov=3.9, Knaven=4.6, Blijlevens=4.8, Voskamp=5.1) – while the iron content in the blood at the same time indicated such high hematocrit values could only stem from injection of medical EPO. Bressolle further clarified scientific studies had proofed, that a low natural production of red blood cells along with high hematocrit and iron values, always was visible in blood samples starting from 5–6 days after having injected medical EPO, and thus the riders displaying this test pattern in their blood were "very likely" to have injected medical EPO. In regards of the earlier referred to "EPO indication" for
2336:, and then attempted to proof his claim by submitting an undated fax send to a Russian doctor. Moreover, he claimed the reason he had removed the EPO name stickers from all vials, was not because he intended to mislead anybody, but simply because he did not want any riders to worry about the content of his package. When the prosecutor asked him why he had also opted to remove the small medical description pages, which by law is required always to follow dangerous medicines with possible negative counter effects on health, he provided no explanation for that.
465:
470:
2133:, it was noted some of the new scientific doping tests used by the police had found traces of EPO and anabolic steroids in his hair and blood samples from 20 August 1998. Van Petegem, who would risk losing his World Championship silver medal if found guilty of having doped, confidently announced he would refute all test results, arguing that he could not be convicted guilty by some newly developed scientific doping tests – not yet certified by IOC/UCI.
2332:
hazardous materials", with
Mikhailov in addition being charged for: "administration of doping and illegal practice of medicine". Andrei Mikhailov (former TVM doctor) maintained his previous claim, that the 104 EPO vials being seized from the TVM-car near the Spanish border in March 1998, was something he had bought himself as a charity gift to a children's hospital in Russia for the purpose of treating children with
1319:
riders that started the race. On August 1, Massi was charged with inciting and facilitating the use of doping. In Reims, TVM riders submitted to several hours of questioning, after which team masseur
Johannes Moors was jailed for suspicion of possessing drugs and breaches of French customs laws. Police soon found banned substances in the hotel of Team ONCE, which Terrados claimed were used by support staff.
31:
1236:, were taken in the night to a hospital where they gave blood, hair, and urine samples; TVM soigneur Jan Moors was arrested. Police also took three cases, a sports bag and a dustbin from the TVM team. Afterwards, the rest of the team were taken into custody and escorted to the hospital for extensive drug tests.
2009:) are all escorted to the nearest hospital, where they are forced to submit some extra urine, blood and hair sampling. The police want to conduct some new advanced doping testing on the rider samples, as circumstantial evidence in a court case against the team for running an organized systematic doping program.
2300:
Urine samples had been corticosteroids positive for Jeroen
Blijlevens and Bart Voskamp (according to the Trouw newspaper), while the NRC newspaper reported Jeroen Blijlevens, Serguei Outschakov and Laurent Roux to have been positive for this substance. Finally all sources reported, that Dr.PĂ©pin with
2038:
The six TVM-riders who were tested on July 28 are called in for a second interrogation along with eight additional TVM-staffs. As French law does not prosecute riders for doping use, and as none of those interrogated in the second round could be charged for doping trafficking, selling, administration
1673:
in 1997, and stated that the soigneur of the Française des Jeux team, Jef d'Hont, was the one providing him with EPO and treating him with a glucose-infusion one hour ahead of a UCI hematocrit test in the 1997 edition of Paris–Nice, in a vain attempt to lower his hematocrit value below the 50%-limit.
1095:
of
Festina, denied any involvement with the uncovered drugs. However, the following day, French police announced that on top of the contraband items found in Voet's car, a document was discovered at Festina's headquarters which detailed systematic drug programmes for the team's riders. As the Tour de
2319:
The defendants lawyer answered that the 12 corticosteroid vials had been solely intended for
Blijlevens, Voskamp and Outschakov, who at that point of time had carried a Temporary Use Exemption (TUE) for this treatment, due to racing with some unhealed injuries. He also noted Laurent Roux had used it
1722:
had been running organized systematic doping programs, similar to the one revealed at the
Festina Team. He knew that from riding at Castorama (1992–94), Banesto (1995–96) and Française des Jeux (1997). His use of EPO started in 1995, and continued until the end of his career, after the 1997 season.
1168:
Upon release the following day, five
Festina riders (Zülle, Dufaux, Moreau, Brochard and Meier) admitted to doping while Virenque and Hervé maintained their innocence. Zülle claimed that he needed to engage in doping to satisfy Festina's corporate sponsors, while Dufaux stated that he confessed due
2324:
surgery he underwent ahead of the 1998 season. In regards of the four riders showing indication of EPO use, his only counter argument was, that Dr. Bressol only spoke of "probabilities" and could not "proof the EPO use as a certain fact". Finally he claimed the "medicine fee" paid by all riders on
1968:
reports that masking agents and doping were found at some of TVM's team trucks and rented rooms at their hotel in
Pamiers. Several months later, it was revealed that in addition to the seized substances, the police had also found traces of EPO in some used syringes in the trash cans located in the
1759:
and a 30,000 franc fine. Bruno
Roussel was given a suspended sentence of one year and a fine of 50,000 francs. Christine Paranier received a 30,000 francs fine (4,573 euros). Her husband Éric received a fine of 10,000 francs (around 1,500 euros). Jef d'Hont received a nine-month suspended sentence
2128:
The investigation chief calls eight of the previously tested TVM-riders (Blijlevens, Voskamp, Knaven, Outschakov, Lafis, Hoffman, Van Dijck and Van Petegem) in for a second interrogation in Reims, as he want to confront them with a positive test result from their submitted samples. In regards of
1897:
In the French judicial system, the TVM affair treated as an independent court case, though it is often referred to as part of the Festina affair since French police executed the TVM raid, interrogated six TVM riders, held several TVM key staff in custody, and performed additional advanced doping
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just before the start of the race. A resulting investigation revealed systematic doping involving many teams in the Tour de France. Hotels where teams were staying were raided and searched by police, confessions were made by several retired and current riders, and team personnel were arrested or
1318:
The TVM team who did not start the 19th stage and returned to the Netherlands on July 31. Massi questioned by an investigating magistrate as suspicions mounted that he was involved in Festina's doping network. At this stage there are fewer than one hundred riders in the race compared to the 189
2331:
The prosecutor upheld his indictment of Andrei Mikhailov, Cees Priem and Jan Moors, all being charged for: "Importation, possession and transportation of poisonous materials; incentives and facilitation of doping products; as well as breach of customs legislation on the holding and movement of
2045:
On basis of interrogations and the seizure of masking and doping products at the raids on July 23+28, the police decides to prolong the jailing of Mikhailov and the detaining of Priem and Moors. Priem and Moors are however transferred from prison to a more relaxing "house arrest" at a hotel in
2313:. The last piece of incriminating evidence was a seized book accounting, proving that all TVM riders annually paid the team doctor 7.5% of their total prize money as a fee for "common purchase of medicines", which the testimonies of Roux, Hoffman and Van Petegem later on had also confirmed.
1760:
and a fine of 20,000 francs (around 3,000 euros). Jean Dalibot and Joel Chabiron received a five-month suspended sentence. Dr. Terrados was given a 30,000 francs fine. The case against Eric Rijckaert was dropped due to his deteriorating health; he died of cancer a month later.
2278:). Dr. Françoise Bressolle (responsible for analysis of blood samples) and Dr.Pépin (responsible for analysis of hair and urine samples) then presented the analysis results for the 12 tested TVM riders. Dr. Bressol stated "It is very likely that four TVM riders (
2151:
The French lawyer, Lavelot, who defended the imprisoned TVM staff in 1998, is now himself suspected and being accused for being involved in doping trafficking. The TVM-team release a press statement, that they immediately have stopped all collaboration with the
1573:
and manager of Festina, charged with helping and inciting the use of doping products in competition, importation, smuggling and improper circulation of prohibited substances as well as complicity in the importation, storage and acquisition of illegal
2173:
as participants in the next edition of the Tour, because he still consider them as being tainted from unsolved doping allegations in the TVM affair and Festina affair. He also decides not to invite these two other riders with unsolved cases:
1315:, was not able to start the stage as he was still being held in police custody. The Casino team truck was seized by police, while the Festina riders reportedly implicated La Française des Jeux, Casino and Big Mat in the team's doping scheme.
1597:, charged with unauthorized importation of drugs. The raid did not identify he possessed any EPO (as originally suspected), but that he was in possession of excessive quantities of the four medicines: Couldina (medicine to counter colds),
1275:, pulled out first while the Banesto and Riso Scotti teams left at the feeding zone. The peloton stopped a second time and threatened a mass withdrawal, leading the stage to be cancelled. That afternoon, raids were conducted on Team ONCE,
1566:, former Festina rider and team leader, charged with inciting the administration of doping and masking products to others and complicity in the importation of drugs. Virenque faced a two-year jail sentence and a fine of 100,000 francs.
2202:
against this decision, and UCI then decided to force the Tour organization to accept that Virenque and Saiz can start in the upcoming edition of the Tour. The decision to boycott the TVM team along with Roux and Gaumont was however
1165:, Alex ZĂĽlle, and Armin Meier were questioned in Lyon and held in police custody. All nine of the implicated riders were escorted to a hospital and made to undergo extensive tests and give blood, hair and urine samples.
1727:
at Banesto had also used EPO, he said "I don't know. I didn't go into every room, but I think he did". He stated that Jef d'Hont as the person supplying him with EPO while he was riding for Française des Jeux in 1997.
1684:
On the first day of the trial, Voet stated that he never let the hematocrit level of the riders exceed 54% whereas other teams were letting it go as high as 64%. This was under the order of team doctor Eric Rijckaert.
1156:
was not arrested nor implicated in doping. Eric van de Sijpe, a Belgian judge, ordered a search of Rijckaert's office, whereby the police obtained computer files proving the riders were using EPO. Virenque, Dufaux,
1734:
On the stand UCI President Hein Verbruggen admitted that organised doping may exist. The following day several doctors of Spanish cycling teams refuted this statement. JesĂşs Hoyos (Banesto), Kepa Celaya (ONCE) and
2025:
The first TVM-rider, Jeroen Blijlevens, decide to abandon the Tour prematurely when the route crosses the Swiss border. At the same day, Moors was also transferred by the police from Albertville to the prison in
3369:
1331:
The media contains many reports of drug finds along the route of the Tour – by farmers or by police in the hotels used by teams – for example a hotel in Voreppe used by GAN, Casino, Saeco and Kelme.
868:
1944:, publish the story about the TVM-affair. Cees Priem admits the fact that some EPO vials indeed had been seized from a TVM-car, but insists that the event in no way was related to his cycling team.
2145:
Priem and Moors are released from their long house arrest and now allowed to travel home to the Netherlands, and the team doctor Mikhailov is also released after paying a bailout fee to the court.
1536:
where they take the unprecedented step of banning teams, team officials and individual riders. In the aftermath of the Festina affair, Virenque was banned together with his former teammate Hervé.
2342:
Despite pleading not guilty, the three TVM staffs were convicted guilty of providing performance-enhancing drugs in an organized way to a majority of its nine Tour riders, ahead and during the
1755:
Virenque was cleared from the criminal charge of "inciting the administration of doping and masking products to others and complicity in the importation of drugs". Voet was given a 10-month
1969:
TVM rented hotel rooms. The riders in the peloton arranged a one-hour-long sit-down strike in the middle of stage 12, to protest that the police having held TVM-staff in custody overnight.
1169:
to overwhelming evidence collected by police. In custody, Voet and Roussel explained how doping was organised on the Festina team, and claimed that the other cycling teams are involved in
1580:, former soigneur, charged with helping and inciting the use of doping in competition, unauthorized importation of drugs, complicity in smuggling and infringements of the narcotics law.
873:
3599:
1509:
French Federation Cycling vice president Roger Legacy and President Baal are charged with violation of the anti-doping law of 1989. (These charges would be subsequently dropped).
2015:
The riders in the peloton protest again by not racing the stage, just rolling through and letting four TVM riders cross the finish line – some meters ahead of the peloton.
3464:
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253:(Festina cyclist; cleared from the criminal charge of "inciting the administration of doping and masking products to others and complicity in the importation of drugs")
3373:
2368:
The three convicted persons above, were also fined a total of 50,000 francs (€7,544) for being guilty of violating the customs law on "import of hazardous substances".
1017:, former Festina soigneur Jean Dalibot, and Festina communication officer Joel Chabiron. The two accused pharmacists, Éric Paranier and Christine Paranier, along with
2975:
2086:
The newspaper Aujourd'hui report that the advanced extra doping tests conducted on samples of the interrogated TVM riders, now have returned several positives for
858:
3836:
3626:
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Jan Moors (TVM's soigneur), who was found to have assisted the doping practice, received a six-month suspended sentence and a fine of 40,000 francs (€6,035).
1975:
Priem and Mikhailov are indicted for breaking the law on toxic substances, inciting use of doping substances, and violating the French customs legislation.
1201:, resulting in the arrest and detainment of TVM manager Cees Priem and TVM doctor Andrei Michailov. Four other TVM officials, including directeur sportif
1958:
and the TVM mechanic who was driving the car with EPO vials in March 1998, are interrogated for several hours, but released again after the questioning.
2359:
2247:
The prosecutor first presented the test results for the seized products: The content of three seized medical suitcases had included 12 full vials with
1907:
961:
3490:
3950:
3134:
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1395:
The results of the analysis of the samples taken from the nine Festina riders are known and are subsequently released and revealed evidence of
848:
3905:
2309:), who were both tested out-of-competition on 20 August 1998; and in the urine sample of Laurent Roux he also detected the recreational drug
1325:
Jean-Marie Leblanc acknowledges that the increasing speed of the peloton in the Tour was due to the increasing use of doping in the peloton.
1149:
expelled Festina from the Tour after Roussel confessed to systematic doping on the team. The following day, Virenque left the Tour in tears.
763:
694:
3442:
1435:
levels below the legal limit of 50%, establish in February 1997. These included Virenque, Armin Meier, Moreau who had a level of 49.3 and
1954:, where the TVM team was staying. Cees Priem and Andrei Mikhailov are arrested. Four other TVM-members, including assistant team manager
3829:
901:
3793:
3788:
3701:
2298:, this was something Bressolle on the other hand argued should be classified as "doubtful values", rather than "positive indication".
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2080:), and by same occasion collect samples of their hair, urine and blood, in order to also test those riders for potential doping use.
2466:
699:
1617:, soigneur of La Française des Jeux team, charged with inciting the use of doping products and infringements of public health law.
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2362:(TVM's doctor), who was found to have supervised the doping, got a 12-month suspended sentence and fined 60,000 francs (€9,053).
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2905:
2699:
863:
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1910:(TVM doctor) and Jan Moors (TVM soigneur) being charged for import, transport and possession of doping/drugs on French soil.
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1844:
1830:
1419:) were indeterminate but Moreau had already admitted use of EPO. Traces of amphetamines were found in the samples of Moreau,
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decides after having received guarantees that the TVM-team will employ a new manager, that the team will be invited for the
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Other cycling teams on the Tour expressed support for the embattled riders, and objected to their treatment as criminals.
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1311:
pulled out of the race the following day. Blijlevens pulled out near the border with Switzerland. Massi, leader of the
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1205:, were interrogated and released. Police found drug evidence in a suitcase and a rubbish bin in TVM's hotel rooms in
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20:
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104 EPO vials are seized by the French police from a TVM-car near the Spanish border, on its way back home from the
1548:
were also banned. This was in relation to the actions and behaviour of these teams and riders during the 1998 Tour.
1349:
Two pharmacists Christine and Eric Paranier are questioned in respect to supplying illegal doping products to Voet.
4022:
1608:
Christine Paranier, pharmacist, charged with helping with the use of doping and infringements in public health law.
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admitted taking performance-enhancing drugs but claimed that he thought the EPO injections were legal supplements.
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Nine riders and three officials from Festina were taken into police custody on July 23; of the entire team, only
853:
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There is a confrontation between Virenque, Voet and Rijckaert where Virenque calls himself an innocent victim.
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2199:
1135:
828:
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3243:"Doping in cycling history - 1980 - today, part 2, growth hormones, EPO and the doctors: The EPO detection"
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2262:; and empty vials/syringes found in the dustbins at two hotel rooms rented by TVM contained traces of
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2052:
As part of the investigation, the police in Reims decides to interrogate a further seven TVM riders (
2016:
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Team doctor of Team ONCE Nicolas Terrados is charged in relation to the import of banned substances.
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2800:
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986:. The affair began when a large haul of doping products was found in a support car belonging to the
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1707:
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1620:
Jean Dalibot, former soigneur, same charges as Jef d'Hont as well as infringements to customs law.
1078:, and other doping products. Voet was taken into police custody. Festina offices were searched in
3982:
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2760:
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2390:
1586:, former Festina doctor, same charges as Roussel plus charged with administering doping products.
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in northeast France. On the same day as the Festina arrests, French police raided TVM's hotel in
448:
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1415:. In eight of the nine riders test positive for synthetic EPO. The results of the ninth rider (
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The eight TVM-riders mentioned above, are interrogated and free to leave again after 6 hours.
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3302:"L'AVEU Richard Virenque a fini par admettre s'être dopé. Luc Leblanc lui a emboîté le pas"
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Virenque is charged with inciting the use and administration of doping products to others.
1396:
1338:
Cantina Tollo and La Française des Jeux vehicles are searched by French customs officials.
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and stated that the Festina team would not withdraw from the race. However, Tour de France
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8:
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2183:
1700:, Virenque's friend and the only other Festina rider to deny doping, admitted to doping.
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had prepared the case, the court arbitration was conducted during 28–31 May 2001, with
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1371:. Voet said to the newspaper that only three Festina riders were drug free. These were
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as team manager. The team lost TVM as sponsor, but continue with the new sponsor name
1724:
1519:, Roussel alleged that when he told Virenque of Voet being arrested, Virenque replied
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Joel Chabiron, former Festina communications officer, same charges as Jean Dalibot.
1605:(cortico steroid), and Logradine (asthma medicine with Pseudoephedrine/Loratadine).
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3184:"Dutch Team Is Also Refused Invitation:Tour Bans 4 Cyclists From This Year's Race"
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certainty also had detected amphetamine traces in the samples of two TVM riders (
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1998:
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1950:
On the rest day of the Tour, the French police raided the Hotel De la Rocade in
1697:
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who had a level of 47.2%. Five riders were above the limit. Brochard had 50.3%,
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reported that police had found 104 ampules of EPO in a vehicle belonging to the
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to refute this statement. Fuentes would later emerge as the key figure in the
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within the sport of professional cycling that occurred during and after the
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1990:
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On July 19, 1998, the day after Festina left the Tour, the French daily
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tests during the Festina investigation. After the public prosecutor in
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3517:"Cycling News and Analysis - News for November 27, 1998: Drugs Update"
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3208:"Cycling News and Analysis - News for December 19, 1998: Drugs update"
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2352:(TVM's manager), who had organized the doping, was given an 18-month
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1985:, and arrested the TVM soigneur Jan Moors. The six remaining riders (
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2696:"Out of the race-Festina team expelled from tour in drug scandal"
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By December 2000, all nine Festina riders had confessed to using
1769:
gave a nine-month ban to Virenque and a 4,000 Swiss franc fine.
1503:
Jean-Marie Leblanc is taken into police custody and questioned.
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1879:
De Zaak Festina:het Recht van antwoord van Dokter Eric Ryckaert
1706:
Former rider Thomas Davy testified at the trial that the teams
1559:
Start of the Festina trial with ten people charged, including:
1532:
The organisers of the Tour de France announce the teams of the
1123:
1097:
1025:, were only given fines, while the case against Festina doctor
998:(EPO) and other substances during the 1998 Tour de France, and
129:
3641:
1821:
Richard Virenque (together with C. Eclimont & Guy Caput),
1611:Éric Paranier, pharmacist, same charges as Christine Paranier.
1544:, Dr Nicolas Terrados team doctor of Team ONCE and the entire
2321:
1965:
1899:
1194:
1063:
122:
3359:
3249:
1066:. Officers discovered several hundred grams and capsules of
2385:
2383:
2325:
the team, was solely used for buying vitamins and minerals.
1669:(February 1999) describes how he used EPO while riding for
1210:
1079:
991:
detained. Several teams withdrew completely from the race.
141:
3467:. CNN Sports Illustrated. 2 September 1998. Archived from
262:(Former Festina doctor; charges dropped due to ill health)
3465:"Another arrest: TVM masseur jailed in tour drug scandal"
2512:
2510:
2508:
2486:
2484:
2433:
2431:
2409:
2407:
2039:
or incentives/facilitation, they were all released again.
2032:
The five remaining TVM-riders decide to abandon the Tour.
1491:
Jean Marie Dalibot, the soigneur of Festina, is charged.
1359:
is taken into police custody and imprisoned for 11 days.
3443:"Quinze membres de l'équipe TVM interrogés hier à Reims"
2560:
2558:
2380:
1365:
Voet accuses Virenque of doping in the French newspaper
1837:
Un cyclone nommé dopage: Les secrets du dossier Festina
1777:
Many books have been written about the Festina affair.
3600:"Verdediger TVM-ploeg heeft voor alles een verklaring"
2505:
2481:
2428:
2404:
1473:
1260:
that performance-enhancing drugs should be legalized.
3751:
2555:
1464:
for six months and cannot ride until April 30, 1999.
1271:
by cycling slowly. Team ONCE, led by French champion
1213:. An investigation into TVM was launched on July 24.
1112:
would face questioning when they returned to France.
95:
July 8, 1998 – July 17, 2001
3324:"Festina – Pascal Hervé: "Oui je me suis dopé""
1589:
Dr Nicolas Terrados, team doctor of ONCE at time of
1443:50.3%, Hervé 52.6%, Rous 51% and Alex Zülle 52.3%.
1002:
ranging from 5–12 months were handed out to Festina
396:
d'Hont: nine-month suspended sentence; fined F20,000
3491:"Les dirigeants de TVM renvoyés en correctionnelle"
2698:. Sports illustrated. July 17, 1998. Archived from
1525:
my products/stuff – what am I going to do now?
416:
Mikhailov: 1-year suspended sentence; fined F60,000
1138:(UCI), but Virenque, Dufaux and Brochard called a
419:Moors: six-month suspended sentence; fined F40,000
2346:. The court handed out the following punishment:
2266:and a "homemade cocktail" (presumably comprising
1029:was dropped because of his deteriorating health.
413:Priem: 18-month suspended sentence; fined F80,000
393:Roussel: 1-year suspended sentence; fined F50,000
4014:
3951:Seven Deadly Sins: My Pursuit of Lance Armstrong
3844:
3678:"Le tribunal de Reims examine le dopage des TVM"
2976:"Chronology of 1998 Tour de France drug scandal"
2469:(in French). Nouvel Observateur. 25 October 2000
1739:(Kelme doctor) spoke to the Spanish daily paper
3654:(in Dutch). NRC.nl. 29 May 2001. Archived from
1521:mes produits, comment Je vais faire maintenant?
1216:On July 28, the TVM team was met by police in
849:Doping at the World Championships in Athletics
3830:
3737:
3712:Gallery of 10 images about the Festina affair
3543:"Richard Virenque banned from Tour de France"
3160:"Richard Virenque banned from Tour de France"
1678:had been fully aware of his EPO use in 1997.
1173:banned substances. On July 27, Festina rider
1130:. Roussel lost his licence as a manager of a
1126:, and the team's hotel was searched by eight
1082:and seized other suspect products, including
1037:
955:
3372:(in Dutch). NOS. 29 May 2001. Archived from
3445:(in French). Lesoir.be (AFP). 4 August 1998
3245:(in German). Cycling4fans.de. October 2009.
3135:"Virenque"Je cours pour ceux qui m'aiment""
2968:
2795:
2793:
2791:
2789:
2787:
2785:
2783:
2781:
2779:
2777:
1100:, it was announced that the Festina riders
3837:
3823:
3744:
3730:
2753:
2536:
2534:
1341:
1089:Two days after the arrest, Bruno Roussel,
962:
948:
902:List of national anti-doping organizations
859:Stripped European Athletics C'ships medals
2019:consequently decided to cancel the stage.
2774:
2740:
1193:during a routine customs check close to
3535:
3398:(in French). Ladepeche.fr. 24 July 1998
2531:
1667:Secret Defonce: Ma vérité sur le dopage
907:Australian Sports Anti-Doping Authority
402:Chabiron: five-month suspended sentence
4015:
3602:(in Dutch). Volkskrant.nl. 29 May 2001
3326:. Cyclisme-dopage.com. 25 October 2000
2654:"Festina riders before the revelation"
1981:French police raided the TVM hotel in
1058:at the French-Belgian border close to
399:Dalibot: five-month suspended sentence
158:(EPO) and other substances during the
3818:
3725:
3627:"Geldigheid van epo-test is cruciaal"
2743:"Lance Armstrong: the whistleblowers"
2467:"Le procès Festina change de braquet"
2122:Moors and Mikhailov are interrogated.
1674:He also stated that his team manager
1485:communications director, is charged.
1252:expressed support for a statement by
1239:
3680:(in French). Liberation. 29 May 2001
3114:"ONCE doctor charged then uncharged"
2982:. September 22, 1998. Archived from
2608:"A hint of doping at Tour de France"
1009:, Festina manager Bruno Roussel, La
24:
3707:Coverage of Festina affair (French)
2801:"The history of the Festina affair"
2741:Urquhart, Conal (August 26, 2012).
1474:Investigation in 1999 and aftermath
695:U of South Carolina steroid scandal
13:
2906:"The Festina affair (10 pictures)"
2356:and fined 80,000 francs (€12,070).
874:MLB players in the Mitchell Report
690:Clemson University steroid scandal
14:
4054:
3695:
3629:(in Dutch). Trouw.nl. 29 May 2001
3396:"Les TVM rattrapés par le dopage"
128:Then throughout France including
21:Doping at the 1998 Tour de France
3421:"TVM bosses punished for doping"
3260:"Festina day 4 More allegations"
3210:. Cyclingnews. 19 December 1998.
2610:. Herald Tribune. Archived from
1551:
1180:
1115:On July 15, Roussel and Festina
932:United States Anti-Doping Agency
869:MLB players suspended for doping
468:
463:
430:Virenque: nine-month ban by the
29:
3670:
3561:
3509:
3483:
3457:
3435:
3388:
3338:
3316:
3294:
3273:
3235:
3214:
3200:
3176:
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3060:
3039:
3018:
2997:
2947:
2923:
2898:
2877:
2856:
2835:
2814:
2734:
2713:
2688:
2667:
2646:
2625:
2600:
2518:"Virenque given nine month ban"
1254:International Olympic Committee
326:(Festina communication officer)
3652:"TVM'ers positief in Tour '98"
3370:"Chronology of the TVM-affair"
3304:. Humanite.fr. 25 October 2000
3047:"Willy Voet goes for Virenque"
2579:
2566:"Festina judgment handed down"
2542:"La verdict du proces Festina"
1867:, Editions Michel Lafon, 2004
864:Drugs banned from the Olympics
44:format but may read better as
1:
2520:. Cyclingnews.com. 2000-12-30
2374:
1892:
1881:, Lannoo – Tirion, 2000
1811:, Hachette Littérature, 2001
1691:Virenque admitted to doping.
1523:which could be translated as
1136:Union Cycliste Internationale
4038:Doping at the Tour de France
3846:Doping at the Tour de France
3188:International Herald Tribune
1355:Française des Jeux soigneur
1295:(La Française des Jeux) and
1220:. Six TVM riders, including
897:International Testing Agency
7:
1825:, Editions du Rocher, 1999
917:National Anti-Doping Agency
844:Doping at the Olympic Games
788:Doping in American football
624:Performance-enhancing drugs
405:C. Paranier: fined F30,000;
330:Christine and Éric Paranier
10:
4059:
3702:L'affaire Festina (French)
3497:(in French). 23 March 2001
3091:. Humanite. Archived from
3005:"The drugs scandal update"
2761:"The Drugs scandal update"
2587:"Drug Scandal at the Tour"
1601:(glucocorticoid steroid),
1038:Doping in the Festina team
922:Russian Anti-Doping Agency
407:É. Paranier: fined F10,000
18:
4043:Sports scandals in France
3967:
3928:
3921:
3878:
3852:
3779:
3423:. BBC Sport. 17 July 2001
3137:. Obs.com. Archived from
2931:"Latest from Dutch radio"
1940:), which is owned by the
1665:Erwann Menthéour's book,
1462:French Cycling Federation
1032:
912:French Anti-Doping Agency
426:
375:
319:(former Festina soigneur)
270:
241:
175:
165:
150:
110:
91:
85:
81:
16:Doping scandal in cycling
3896:Floyd Landis doping case
2165:, decides not to invite
1853:, Editions Glénat, 1999
1772:
1767:Swiss cycling federation
1313:Mountains classification
1303:(Casino) were arrested.
892:World Anti-Doping Agency
798:Barry Bonds perjury case
546:Beta2-adrenergic agonist
432:Swiss cycling federation
125:, France–Belgium border;
4023:Doping cases in cycling
3346:"Spanish doctors react"
3066:Jean-Pierre Mondenard,
1342:Post-tour investigation
854:Stripped Olympic medals
793:Steroid use in baseball
410:Terrados: fined F30,000
353:(TVM Directeur sportif)
53:converting this article
3569:"Virenque in the Tour"
3070:, Masson-Paris, 2004,
3068:Dictionnaire du dopage
3026:"Drugs scandal update"
2912:. London. July 9, 2008
2822:"Drugs scandal update"
2544:. Dopage free cyclisme
2439:"Drugs scandal update"
2415:"Drugs scandal update"
2260:ventoline (salbutamol)
2116:Priem is interrogated.
1835:Jean-François Quénet,
1569:Bruno Roussel, former
1258:Juan Antonio Samaranch
764:History of allegations
3095:on September 29, 2007
2675:"Festina out of Tour"
1932:The French newspaper
1865:De la poudre aux yeux
1785:, Calmann-LĂ©vy, 1999
1720:La Française des Jeux
1515:In an interview with
1460:are suspended by the
1281:La Française des Jeux
1263:On July 29, the Tour
309:La Française des Jeux
4028:1998 in road cycling
3886:Death of Tom Simpson
3718:(UK) on 9 July 2008.
2614:on February 20, 2008
1783:Massacre à la chaîne
1627:Witnesses included:
1413:Erythropoietin (EPO)
1397:Human Growth Hormone
988:Festina cycling team
822:Doping-related lists
705:Association Football
586:Tetrahydrogestrinone
566:Human growth hormone
480:Substances and types
183:Festina cycling team
4033:1998 Tour de France
3753:1998 Tour de France
2344:1998 Tour de France
2214:2000 Tour de France
1591:1998 Tour de France
1534:1999 Tour de France
1363:September 23, 1998:
1353:September 18, 1998:
1347:September 13, 1998:
1299:(Casino) and rider
1062:, near the city of
1060:Neuville-en-Ferrain
1000:suspended sentences
984:1998 Tour de France
609:Biological passport
337:Dr Nicolas Terrados
160:1998 Tour de France
119:Neuville-en-Ferrain
78:
3906:doping allegations
3784:Teams and cyclists
3523:. 27 November 1998
3376:on 12 October 2013
2980:Sports Illustrated
2702:on October 1, 2000
2354:suspended sentence
2292:Serguei Outschakov
2159:Jean-Marie Leblanc
2003:Serguei Outschakov
1964:The prosecutor in
1936:(locally known as
1795:Breaking the Chain
1764:December 30, 2000:
1757:suspended sentence
1753:December 22, 2000:
1671:Française des Jeux
1657:Jean-Marie Leblanc
1637:Christophe Bassons
1542:ONCE–Deutsche Bank
1468:December 17, 1998:
1447:December 15, 1998:
1431:. Four riders had
1393:November 28, 1998:
1373:Christophe Bassons
1240:Impact on the Tour
1154:Christophe Bassons
1147:Jean-Marie Leblanc
1011:Française des Jeux
886:Anti-doping bodies
808:Biogenesis scandal
782:Operation Aderlass
384:suspended sentence
76:
55:, if appropriate.
4010:
4009:
4006:
4005:
3976:The Armstrong Lie
3937:L.A. Confidentiel
3812:
3811:
3789:Prologue–Stage 11
3658:on 6 October 2013
3348:. Cyclingnews.com
3283:. Cyclingnews.com
3262:. Cyclingnews.com
3224:. Cyclingnews.com
3116:. Cyclingnews.com
3049:. Cyclingnews.com
3028:. Cyclingnews.com
3007:. Cyclingnews.com
2957:. Cyclingnews.com
2887:. Cyclingnews.com
2866:. Cyclingnews.com
2845:. Cyclingnews.com
2824:. Cyclingnews.com
2803:. Cyclingnews.com
2763:. Cyclingnews.com
2723:. Cyclingnews.com
2677:. Cyclingnews.com
2656:. Cyclingnews.com
2635:. Cyclingnews.com
2589:. Cyclingnews.com
2568:. Cyclingnews.com
2494:. Cyclingnews.com
2492:"Make them legal"
2441:. Cyclingnews.com
2417:. Cyclingnews.com
2393:. Cyclingnews.com
2296:Peter Van Petegem
2280:Jeroen Blijlevens
2268:anabolic steroids
2227:Jacques Hanegraaf
2198:then appealed to
2182:, along with the
2163:Tour organization
2131:Peter Van Petegem
2092:anabolic steroids
2066:Peter Van Petegem
2062:Hendrik Van Dijck
1987:Jeroen Blijlevens
1859:978-2-7234-3090-6
1851:Droit dans le Mur
1845:978-2-263-02865-6
1831:978-2-268-03305-1
1737:Eufemiano Fuentes
1732:November 1, 2000:
1704:October 27, 2000:
1695:October 25, 2000:
1689:October 24, 2000:
1682:October 23, 2000:
1663:October 23, 2000:
1584:Dr Erik Rijckaert
1571:directeur sportif
1557:October 23, 2000:
1479:January 26, 1999:
1454:Christophe Moreau
1417:Christophe Moreau
1387:October 15, 1998:
1309:Vitalicio Seguros
1269:industrial action
1222:Jeroen Blijlevens
1122:were arrested in
1092:directeur sportif
1068:anabolic steroids
1042:On July 8, 1998,
972:
971:
755:L.A. Confidentiel
735:Floyd Landis case
511:Technology doping
506:Mechanical doping
486:Anabolic steroids
442:
441:
295:Directeur sportif
210:Christophe Moreau
74:
73:
4050:
3997:Tour de Pharmacy
3926:
3925:
3879:Related articles
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2986:on July 19, 2012
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2864:"Stage 12 Brief"
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2399:
2398:
2391:"Stage 4 report"
2387:
2360:Andrei Mikhailov
2256:caffeine tablets
2192:Nicolás Terrados
2180:Philippe Gaumont
2171:Richard Virenque
1908:Andrei Mikhailov
1877:Eric Rijckaert,
1749:doping scandal.
1746:OperaciĂłn Puerto
1647:Laurent Brochard
1564:Richard Virenque
1450:Laurent Brochard
1425:Laurent Brochard
1336:August 10, 1998:
1291:. Team managers
1273:Laurent Jalabert
1140:press conference
1102:Richard Virenque
1096:France began in
1056:customs officers
1023:Nicolás Terrados
978:was a series of
964:
957:
950:
827:Doping cases in
776:OperaciĂłn Puerto
760:Lance Armstrong
634:Stem cell doping
571:Methylhexanamine
536:Stem cell doping
501:Stem cell doping
472:
467:
444:
443:
368:
361:
357:Andrei Mikhailov
354:
345:
334:
327:
320:
313:
312:
298:
287:
263:
258:Dr Eric Rijkaert
254:
249:Richard Virenque
233:TVM cycling team
220:Richard Virenque
190:Laurent Brochard
106:
104:
100:
87:
82:Native name
79:
75:
69:
66:
60:
51:You can help by
33:
32:
25:
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4013:
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3963:
3917:
3901:Lance Armstrong
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3281:"Festina day 1"
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2721:"Stage 7 Brief"
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2303:Tristan Hoffman
2299:
2272:growth hormones
2264:recombinant EPO
2252:corticosteroids
2237:
2225:is replaced by
2161:, chief of the
2100:corticosteroids
2096:growth hormones
2078:Lars Michaelsen
2058:Tristan Hoffman
1999:Steven de Jongh
1924:Vuelta a Murcia
1906:(TVM manager),
1895:
1807:Bruno Roussel,
1775:
1725:Miguel Induráin
1652:Hein Verbruggen
1554:
1546:TVM–Farm Frites
1495:March 26, 1999:
1489:March 23, 1999:
1481:Joel Chabiron,
1476:
1381:Laurent Lefèvre
1377:Patrice Halgand
1344:
1329:August 5, 1998:
1323:August 4, 1998:
1242:
1234:Steven de Jongh
1183:
1084:perfluorocarbon
1054:was stopped by
1040:
1035:
980:doping scandals
968:
939:
938:
887:
879:
878:
823:
815:
814:
803:Mitchell Report
741:Game of Shadows
652:
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457:Doping in sport
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382:Voet: 10-month
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3891:Festina affair
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3804:Festina affair
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3696:External links
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3575:. 30 June 1999
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3549:. 17 June 1999
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2020:
2013:July 29, 1998:
2010:
1995:Servais Knaven
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1956:Hendrik Redant
1948:July 23, 1998:
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1926:race in Spain.
1920:March 9, 1998:
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1839:, Broché 1999
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1723:When asked if
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1507:April 4, 1999:
1501:April 1, 1999:
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1437:Laurent Dufaux
1343:
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1297:Vincent Lavenu
1241:
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1230:Servais Knaven
1203:Hendrik Redant
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1144:race directeur
1120:Eric Rijckaert
1110:Laurent Dufaux
1072:erythropoietin
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996:erythropoietin
976:Festina affair
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3141:on 2012-07-11
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2194:. Virenque's
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59:is available.
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2339:
2328:
2316:
2307:Laurent Roux
2284:Bart Voskamp
2276:amphetamines
2244:
2238:
2236:
2219:
2206:
2176:Laurent Roux
2155:
2148:
2142:
2136:
2125:
2119:
2113:
2104:amphetamines
2083:
2074:Johan Capiot
2070:Laurent Roux
2054:Michel Lafis
2049:
2042:
2035:
2029:
2022:
2012:
1991:Bart Voskamp
1978:
1972:
1961:
1947:
1942:Amaury Group
1929:
1919:
1914:Main events:
1913:
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1836:
1822:
1808:
1794:
1782:
1781:Willy Voet,
1776:
1763:
1762:
1752:
1751:
1744:
1740:
1731:
1730:
1716:Team Telekom
1703:
1702:
1698:Pascal Hervé
1694:
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1421:Pascal Hervé
1401:amphetamines
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1226:Bart Voskamp
1215:
1186:
1184:
1167:
1159:Pascal Hervé
1151:
1143:
1132:cycling team
1114:
1090:
1088:
1046:
1041:
993:
975:
973:
780:
753:
746:
739:
729:
715:East Germany
516:Cannabinoids
491:Blood doping
360:(TVM doctor)
316:Jean Dalibot
200:Pascal Hervé
176:Participants
62:
57:Editing help
39:
3990:Rough Rider
3983:The Program
3911:doping case
3794:Stage 12–21
3573:Cyclingnews
3547:Cyclingnews
3521:Cyclingnews
3495:Le Parisien
3308:31 December
2633:"stage two"
2231:Farm Frites
2190:and doctor
2188:Manolo Saiz
2186:'s manager
1983:Albertville
1938:Le Parisien
1934:Aujourd'hui
1676:Marc Madiot
1642:Thomas Davy
1632:Luc Leblanc
1574:substances.
1538:Manolo Saiz
1513:June, 1999:
1458:Didier Rous
1429:Didier Rous
1368:Le Parisien
1293:Marc Madiot
1218:Albertville
1187:Aujourd’hui
1163:Didier Rous
1117:team doctor
769:Doping case
680:Auto racing
639:Whizzinator
619:Doping test
598:Terminology
551:Clenbuterol
526:Painkillers
496:Gene doping
427:Suspensions
205:Armin Meier
134:Albertville
4017:Categories
3944:Rough Ride
3352:2008-05-25
3287:2008-05-25
3266:2008-05-25
3228:2008-05-25
3193:2008-06-06
3169:2008-06-06
3145:2007-12-31
3120:2008-05-25
3099:2007-07-29
3089:"Dopage 2"
3053:2008-06-06
3032:2008-05-25
3011:2008-05-25
2990:2008-06-06
2961:2008-05-25
2940:2008-05-25
2916:2008-08-12
2891:2008-05-25
2870:2008-05-18
2849:2008-05-22
2828:2008-05-25
2807:2008-05-25
2767:2008-05-25
2727:2008-05-18
2706:2008-06-06
2681:2008-05-15
2660:2008-05-25
2639:2008-05-17
2618:2007-07-19
2593:2008-05-15
2572:2008-05-25
2548:2008-05-25
2524:2008-05-25
2498:2008-05-25
2445:2008-05-25
2421:2008-05-25
2397:2008-05-25
2375:References
2350:Cees Priem
2239:TVM trial:
2223:Cees Priem
2196:Team Polti
1904:Cees Priem
1893:TVM affair
1615:Jef d'Hont
1603:Prednisone
1578:Willy Voet
1433:hematocrit
1409:corticoids
1357:Jef d'Hont
1277:Team Polti
1256:president
1106:Alex ZĂĽlle
1052:Willy Voet
1021:physician
1015:Jef d'Hont
1007:Willy Voet
581:Stanozolol
541:Stimulants
434:and fined
349:Cees Priem
302:Jef d'Hont
278:Willy Voet
225:Alex ZĂĽlle
103:2001-07-17
99:1998-07-08
19:See also:
3579:21 August
3553:21 August
3222:"Festina"
2749:. London.
2473:12 August
2203:accepted.
2184:ONCE team
1823:Ma Vérité
1708:Castorama
1599:Celestone
1250:Team ONCE
1171:smuggling
1134:from the
1128:gendarmes
1019:Team ONCE
1013:soigneur
834:Athletics
629:Repoxygen
556:Ephedrine
531:Sedatives
521:Diuretics
364:Jan Moors
342:Team ONCE
311:soigneur)
293:(Festina
282:(Festina
271:Convicted
65:July 2014
3958:Wheelmen
3772: »
3662:6 August
3633:6 August
3606:5 August
3527:5 August
3501:5 August
3427:2 August
3380:2 August
2334:leukemia
2311:cannabis
2108:cannabis
1517:L'Équipe
1405:steroids
1207:Toulouse
1191:TVM team
1076:syringes
1048:soigneur
1004:soigneur
657:Olympics
449:a series
447:Part of
386:; fined
376:Sentence
284:soigneur
138:Toulouse
111:Location
101: –
3853:By year
3756:«
3078:, p.485
2152:lawyer.
1952:Pamiers
1712:Banesto
1483:Festina
1265:peloton
1246:Banesto
1199:Pamiers
1074:(EPO),
1044:Festina
839:Cycling
651:History
344:doctor)
242:Accused
154:Use of
121:, near
97: (
3799:Doping
3330:25 May
3074:
2046:Reims.
2026:Reims.
1885:
1871:
1857:
1843:
1829:
1815:
1801:
1789:
1289:Casino
1124:Cholet
1098:Dublin
1033:Events
748:Juiced
720:Russia
390:30,000
130:Cholet
40:is in
3968:Films
3929:Books
3684:5 Aug
3475:5 Aug
3449:5 Aug
3402:5 Aug
2322:groin
1966:Reims
1900:Reims
1773:Books
1305:Kelme
1285:Lotto
1195:Reims
1064:Lille
829:Sport
710:China
576:SARMs
438:4,000
166:Theme
123:Lille
46:prose
3870:2007
3865:1999
3860:1998
3769:1999
3760:1997
3686:2013
3664:2013
3635:2013
3608:2013
3581:2011
3555:2011
3529:2013
3503:2013
3477:2013
3451:2013
3429:2013
3404:2013
3382:2013
3332:2008
3310:2007
3072:ISBN
2475:2013
2305:and
2290:and
2274:and
2258:and
2249:ACTH
2178:and
2169:and
2106:and
2076:and
2005:and
1883:ISBN
1869:ISBN
1855:ISBN
1841:ISBN
1827:ISBN
1813:ISBN
1799:ISBN
1787:ISBN
1718:and
1593:and
1456:and
1427:and
1411:and
1379:and
1307:and
1287:and
1248:and
1232:and
1211:Metz
1209:and
1108:and
1080:Lyon
974:The
674:2007
670:1999
666:1998
151:Type
142:Metz
140:and
92:Date
42:list
2210:ASO
2200:UCI
2167:TVM
2088:EPO
2017:ASO
561:EPO
436:CHF
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