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965:. By 1892 it emerged that 150 French deputies had been bribed into voting for the allocation of financial aid to the Panama Canal Company, and in February 1893 Lesseps, his son Charles (born 1849), and a number of others faced trial and were found guilty. Lesseps was ordered to pay a fine and serve a prison sentence, but the latter was overturned by the
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523:, the viceroy of Egypt, owed his position in part to the recommendations made on his behalf to the French government by Lesseps himself, who was consul-general in Egypt when Ali was a colonel. Because of this, Lesseps received a warm welcome from the viceroy and became good friends with his son, Said Pasha. Politically, the
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acquired the Suez shares belonging to the
Khedive, by admitting to the board of directors of the company three representatives from the government of Britain. The consolidation of interests which resulted, and which was strengthened by the addition in 1884 of seven more British directors, chosen from
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Lesseps succeeded in rousing the patriotism of the French and obtaining by their subscriptions more than half of the capital of two hundred million francs which he needed in order to form a company, but could not attract any substantial capital contribution from the general public in
British or other
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used de
Lesseps' surname as the codeword to Egyptian personnel designated to seize the offices of Suez Canal Company. Nasser used the codeword repeatedly in a public address in Alexandria that was broadcast to the nation via radio, and minutes later announced that he had issued a presidential decree
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Lesseps then retired from the diplomatic service, and never again occupied any public office. In 1853, he lost his wife and his son
Ferdinand Victor at a few days' interval. In 1854, the accession to the viceroyalty of Egypt of Said Pasha gave Lesseps a new impulse to act upon the creation of a Suez
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north of Cairo for Ali while preaching for a union of the
Mediterranean and Red Seas. While he was there an epidemic of plague broke out and lasted for two years, resulting in the deaths of more than a third of the inhabitants of Cairo and Alexandria. During this time Lesseps went from one city to
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This is the result of the devoted enthusiasm, the intelligence and the noblest sentiments which can inspire man. It is great in its conception, great in its execution, great in its proportions; let us hope that it will add, by its moral value, to the memories and sympathies that it is intended to
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to have an athletic body, and to get rid of his obesity, so he ordered his young son to exercise daily for two hours and follow a very simple diet. To safeguard the child's morals, he could visit no other house than that of de
Lesseps. The young prince became friend of Ferdinand and "both of them
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His first years were spent in Italy, where his father was occupied with his consular duties. His father then was appointed the first consul of France in
Morocco and in 1800 joined the Egyptian army as commissioner of commercial relations. There the Lesseps struck friendship with the local ruler,
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for the Corps LĂ©gislatif, it was because he yielded to the entreaties of the
Imperial government in order to strengthen its goodwill for the Suez Canal. Once this goodwill had been shown, he bore no malice towards those who rendered him his liberty by preferring
567:. By this marriage de Lesseps became the father of five sons: Charles Théodore de Lesseps (1838–1838), Charles Aimé de Lesseps (1840–1923), Ferdinand Marie de Lesseps (1842–1846), Ferdinand Victor de Lesseps (1847–1853) and Aimé Victor de Lesseps (1848–1896).
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in the area, as well as beset by financial problems, and the planned
Lesseps Panama Canal was never completed. Eventually, the project was bought out by the United States, which solved the medical problems and changed the design to a non-sea level canal with
605:. He tried to negotiate an agreement whereby Pope Pius could return peacefully to the Vatican but also ensuring the continued independence of Rome. But, during negotiations, the elections in France caused a change in the foreign policy of the government –
493:, general-in-chief of the army of occupation in Algeria. The marshal wrote to Mathieu de Lesseps on 18 December 1830: "I have had the pleasure of meeting your son, who gives promise of sustaining with great credit the name he bears."
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nationalising the Suez Canal
Company. The statue of Lesseps at the entrance of the Suez Canal was removed from its pedestal, to symbolize the end of European control of the waterway. The statue now stands in a small garden of the
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While in the interests of his canal, Lesseps resisted British government opposition to an enterprise which threatened to give France control of the shortest route to India, he acted favourably towards Britain's interests after
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revelled in devouring immense quantities of spaghetti. This intimacy and his longing for pasta caused Muhammad Said to hurry to the French consulate whenever the frugal diet of the viceregal table left a void in his stomach".
780:. Afterward, Lesseps declined the other candidatures that were offered to him: for the Senate in 1876, and for the Chamber in 1877. In 1873, he became interested in a project for uniting Europe and Asia by a railway to
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and eight years to complete. After two years of surveys, work on the canal began in 1882. However, the technical difficulties of operating in the wet tropics dogged the project. Particularly disastrous were recurrent
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in Paris. Sa'id was educated in Paris as well, and kept the friendship. From the age of 18 years to 20 he was employed in the commissary department of the army. From 1825 to 1827 he acted as assistant vice-consul at
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the other with zeal and energy. Towards the close of the year 1837 he returned to France, and on 21 December married Agathe Delamalle (1819–1853), daughter of the government prosecuting attorney at the court of
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was organized at the end of 1858. On 25 April 1859, the first blow of the pickaxe was given by Lesseps at Port Said. During the following ten years, Lesseps had to overcome the continuing resistance of the
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on the grounds that it had been more than three years since the crime was committed. Ultimately, in 1904 the United States bought out the assets of the Company and resumed work under a revised plan.
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called "Linant Bey" and Mougel Bey. This project, differing from others that were previously presented or that were in opposition to it, provided for a direct link between the Mediterranean and the
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in Egypt, but Abbas had closed off most of Egypt to foreign influence. Upon Abbas' assassination in 1854, Lesseps made inquiries with a former, if short-term, acquaintance and successor in Egypt,
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Jeanne Marie Jacqueline du Bouays de La Bégassière (1907–1998), married to Jean de Contades (1902–1977; son of Jean de Contades and Rosa Augusta de los Dolores Guzmán y Zayas-Bazán), with issue:
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In Paris on November 25, 1869—a week after the opening of the Suez Canal—Lesseps married his second wife, who was a third his age. Louise-Hélène Autard de Bragard was born on the island of
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perpetuate. We now transfer to you, Mr. Minister, this great statue and trust that it may forever stand the pledge of friendship between France and the Great Republic of the United States.
590:, de Lesseps offered protection to a number of men threatened by the fighting regardless of their factional sympathies or nationalities. From 1848 to 1849 he was minister of France at
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From the middle of the 18th century the ancestors of Lesseps followed diplomatic careers, and he himself occupied several diplomatic posts from 1825 to 1849. His uncle was ennobled by
703:. Encouraged by the engineers' approval, Lesseps no longer allowed anything to stop him. He listened to no adverse criticism and receded before no obstacle. Neither the opposition of
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needed a scapegoat and Lesseps was an easy target. Lesseps was accused of causing dishonor to the French army and was censured although he was not told to leave the Foreign Ministry.
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of documents and materials related to the Panama Canal includes a number of references to the French project, including photographs of de Lesseps and his house in Panama.
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This work struck Lesseps's imagination, and was one of the influences that gave him the idea of constructing a canal across the African isthmus. Fortunately for Lesseps,
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The failure of the project is sometimes referred to as the Panama Canal Scandal, after rumors circulated that French politicians and journalists had received
504:, M. Mimaut, consul-general of France at Alexandria, sent him several books, among which was the memoir written upon the previously filled and abandoned
393:. He had a sister, Adélaïde de Lesseps (1803–1879), married to Jules Tallien de Cabarrus (19 April 1801 – 1870); and two brothers, Théodore de Lesseps (
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The origins of Lesseps' family are traceable back as far as the end of the 14th century. His ancestors, it is believed, came from Spain, and settled at
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688:. On 7 November 1854 he landed at Alexandria; on the 30th of the same month Said Pasha signed the concession authorizing him to build the Suez Canal.
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where he was able to find support from a Captain Peacock, who felt the canal project was worth supporting as it would provide routes to save time.
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law. Youssouff acknowledged this protection given by a Frenchman by distinguishing himself in the ranks of the French army at the time of the
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in 1833. The French were able to manoeuvre in Egypt under Ali's graces by playing off the British intervention against Ali in Istanbul.
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Lesseps steadily endeavored to keep out of politics. If, in 1869, he appeared to deviate from this principle by being a candidate at
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among shipping merchants and business men, increased, for the benefit of all concerned, the commercial character of the enterprise.
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replaced the previous foreign minister. Lesseps course was disapproved; he was recalled and brought before the Council of State.
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Share of the Compagnie Universelle du Canal Interocéanique de Panama, issued 29. November 1880 – signed by Ferdinand de Lesseps
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was full of mud which would obstruct the entrance to the canal, and that the sands from the desert would fill the trenches.
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A first scheme, initiated by Lesseps, was immediately drawn out by two French engineers who were in the Egyptian service,
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and the only survivor of the expedition in which La Pérouse perished. Barthélemy de Lesseps had left the expedition in
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Robert Martin de Lesseps (1915–1981), married in London on 11 August 1945 to Beatrice Duggan (1922– ), and had issue:
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Antoine de Contades (b 1932), married on 15 November 1963 to Daphne Jean Jefferson, with issue. A son Yves de Contades
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Panama Fever: The Epic Story of One of the Greatest Human Achievements of All Time – the Building of the Panama Canal
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Robert de Lesseps (1882–1916), married February 27, 1902 to Marthe Josepha Sophie Allard (1884–1970), and had issue:
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Claire de Lesseps (1956– ), married to Johann, Graf von Gudenus (1952– ), and has issue, one son and two daughters
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Panama Fever: The Epic Story of One of the Greatest Achievements of All Time – the Building of the Panama Canal
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to act as arbitrator in the disputes. Finally, on 17 November 1869, the canal was officially opened by the
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Yvonne de Contades (b. 1928), married on 27 January 1951 to Bernard, Count of Harcourt (1925–1958; son of
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in Paris, under the presidency of Admiral de la Roncire le Noury, and voted in favor of the creation of a
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In February 1880, Lesseps arrived in New York City to raise money for the project. When he stayed at the
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foreign countries. The Egyptian government thus subscribed for eighty million francs worth of shares.
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In October 1886, Lesseps traveled to the United States to speak at the dedication ceremony of the
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ended the project. The Panama Canal Company declared itself bankrupt in December 1888 and entered
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In 1849, the government of the French Republic sent Lesseps to Rome to negotiate the return of
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Ferdinande de Lesseps (1872–1948), married firstly in Paris on 10 May 1890 to Ferdinand de
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In May 1879, a congress of 136 delegates (including Lesseps) assembled in the rooms of the
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Marie-Eugénie de Lesseps (1876–1958), married in Paris on 11 December 1900 to François du
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From 17 November 1899 to 23 December 1956, a monumental statue of Ferdinand de Lesseps by
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to see the planned pathway. He estimated in 1880 that the project would take 658 million
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into the excavations from the bordering water-saturated hills, and the death toll from
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in Paris. The grave stands at one of the junctions amongst other large family tombs.
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Associació de Veïns i Comerciants de la Plaça Lesseps, Grà cia, Barcelona, Catalonia
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Lesseps' statue displayed today in front of the Suez Canal International Museum in
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Lesseps, Ferdinand de (June 1880). "Address on the Inter-Oceanic Canal Scheme".
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1831:. Vol. 16 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 494–496.
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Marie Solange de Lesseps (1877–?), married in Paris on 12 January 1910 to
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In addition, Manuel Soto played the part in a 1944 Spanish feature film,
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and the Geographic Society while touring the area. Lesseps then went to
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The Path Between the Seas: The Creation of the Panama Canal 1870–1914
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Honorary Knights Grand Commander of the Order of the Star of India
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This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
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during the 1880s, but the project was devastated by epidemics of
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International Commission for the piercing of the isthmus of Suez
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He attempted to repeat this success with an effort to build a
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Blowitz concludes with an assessment of Lesseps' personality.
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Lesseps accepted the presidency of the French committee of
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After Ferdinand returned to France he was educated at the
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and died on 29 January 1909 at Château de La Chesnay in
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823:. Lesseps was elected a Foreign Honorary Member of the
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Obituary of Joyce Blaffer de La Bégassière von Bothmer
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Commanders Grand Cross of the Order of the Polar Star
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Jacques du Bouays de La Bégassière, married to Joyce
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Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
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Ferdinand de Lesseps was born November 19, 1805, in
1983:: This page focuses on Viscount de Lesseps' family
1150:on the date of the 28th, and attended by President
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1856:Parting the Desert: The Creation of the Suez Canal
1564:Parting the desert: the creation of the Suez Canal
1533:Parting the desert: the creation of the Suez Canal
1502:Parting the desert: the creation of the Suez Canal
1471:Parting the desert: the creation of the Suez Canal
1117:(1883–1927), aviator, married Grace McKenzie 1911
1071:Fernando MexĂa y Fitz-James-Stuart (1881–?), 6th
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1908:The Life and Enterprises of Ferdinand de Lesseps
1278:Lesseps appears as a great engineer in the game
676:Lesseps had corresponded at least once with the
616:Lesseps was created on 30 August 1851 the 334th
3022:United States District Court for the Canal Zone
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728:Compagnie universelle du canal maritime de Suez
2622:United Nations Security Council Resolution 119
2617:United Nations Security Council Resolution 118
2135:Guillaume-Chrétien de Lamoignon de Malesherbes
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2020:Newspaper clippings about Ferdinand de Lesseps
1970:, caricature painting of Ferdinand de Lesseps.
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1287:Lesseps is also discussed extensively in the
1402:Revival: Ismail: The Maligned Khedive (1933)
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1705:The Destruction of the statue of de Lesseps
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3251:Members of the French Academy of Sciences
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109:Learn how and when to remove this message
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1719:. New York: Doubleday, 2007. pp. 81–84.
1668:. American Academy of Arts and Sciences
1663:"Book of Members, 1780–2010: Chapter L"
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1272:Seven Wonders of the Industrial World
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815:. From this position he facilitated
543:) and had also assisted in repelling
440:. This uncle was an old companion of
269:
2127:Nicolas-François Dupré de Saint-Maur
1987:The A.B. Nichols archival collection
1655:
1632:The Inland African Sea. The report.
1214:On 26 July 1956, Egyptian President
1124:
1020:Eugénie Marie de Lesseps (1873–1874)
47:adding citations to reliable sources
18:
3311:Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour
1166:The grave of Ferdinand de Lesseps,
897:American Society of Civil Engineers
709:a threat to the commercial position
13:
1887:
1837:
1782:"Ferdinand de Lesseps (Character)"
1756:Cimetières de France et d’ailleurs
535:(doing so in order to prevent the
413:. Ali Pasha wanted his fourth son
14:
3332:
3256:Members of the Académie Française
3226:Burials at Père Lachaise Cemetery
3145:PSA Panama International Terminal
2519:Société d'études du Canal de Suez
1929:
1094:Paul Marie de Lesseps (1880–1955)
804:to increase rainfall in Algeria.
678:Société d'Études du Canal de Suez
545:Ali's attempt to capture Istanbul
263:Ferdinand Marie, Comte de Lesseps
2666:
2318:
2012:
1801:
1595:Mustafa, Marie (25 April 2022).
252:
23:
2881:New Panamax / Post-Panamax
2119:Pierre de Pardaillan de Gondrin
1775:
1760:
1749:
1737:
1709:
1698:
1680:
1625:
1315:The Real Housewives of New York
34:needs additional citations for
3291:French expatriates in Portugal
2783:Enrique Adolfo Jiménez Airport
2273:
1554:
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1492:
1461:
384:
1:
3296:French expatriates in Tunisia
3236:19th-century French diplomats
3027:1977 Torrijos–Carter Treaties
2962:1903 Hay–Bunau-Varilla Treaty
2570:Anglo-Egyptian treaty of 1936
2345:Suez Canal Container Terminal
2005:Works by Ferdinand de Lesseps
1944:Ferdinand de Lesseps (1887).
1936:Works by Ferdinand de Lesseps
1343:
1308:), a main cast member of the
1120:Gisele de Lesseps (1885–1973)
813:International African Society
792:. He subsequently encouraged
635:
460:
2560:Convention of Constantinople
1946:Recollections of forty years
1746:, Dodge-Thomas Funeral Home.
1567:. Alfred A. Knopf. pp.
1505:. Alfred A. Knopf. pp.
1055:Princess Isabelle of Orléans
1036:(1875–1914), and had issue:
644:Caricature of de Lesseps by
626:Order of the Tower and Sword
345:, and his father was made a
310:. It was completed in 1914.
227:Recollections of forty years
7:
3306:French expatriates in Spain
3286:French expatriates in Italy
3281:French expatriates in Egypt
2967:1921 Thomson–Urrutia Treaty
2024:20th Century Press Archives
2011:(public domain audiobooks)
1848:. Translated by Pitman, CB.
1687:Ferdinand de Lesseps statue
1536:. Alfred A. Knopf. p.
1474:. Alfred A. Knopf. p.
1405:. Routledge. p. 1758.
1321:
1115:Jacques Benjamin de Lesseps
1008:Ferdinand-Ismaël de Lesseps
946:. In the end, insufficient
556:Barthélemy Prosper Enfantin
539:from gaining access to the
442:Jean-François de La Pérouse
313:
278:, which in 1869 joined the
16:French diplomat (1805–1894)
10:
3337:
2931:George Washington Goethals
2111:Henri-Emmanuel de Roquette
2079:Auger de Moléon de Granier
1901:. Charles Scribner's Sons.
1853:Karabell, Zachary (2003).
1794:
1561:Karabell, Zachary (2003).
1530:Karabell, Zachary (2003).
1499:Karabell, Zachary (2003).
1468:Karabell, Zachary (2003).
817:Pierre Savorgnan de Brazza
790:French Academy of Sciences
487:French conquest of Algeria
3174:
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2972:Isthmian Canal Commission
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1906:Smith, G Barnett (1893).
1846:Souvenirs de quarante ans
1294:The Path Between the Seas
1231:Lesseps was portrayed by
1197:
973:Second marriage and issue
895:in his honor. He met the
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322:during the period of the
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2459:Area Development Project
2433:El Ferdan Railway Bridge
2295:Port Said Port Authority
1897:Simon, Maron J. (1971).
1157:
1051:Bruno, Count of Harcourt
1002:Mathieu Marie de Lesseps
588:bombardment of Barcelona
137:Lesseps photographed by
2936:William Crawford Gorgas
2921:William Nelson Cromwell
1844:de Lesseps, Ferdinand.
1828:Encyclopædia Britannica
1034:Bouays de La Bégassière
558:, who was working on a
473:, where his father was
371:the countess of Montijo
3276:French canal engineers
3221:People from Versailles
2926:David du Bose Gaillard
2906:Philippe Bunau-Varilla
2735:Bridge of the Americas
2682:Panama Canal Authority
2565:Raid on the Suez Canal
1968:"Ferdinand de Lesseps"
1892:. New York: Doubleday.
1211:
1192:Père Lachaise Cemetery
1171:
1168:Père Lachaise Cemetery
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854:
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758:, near the Suez Canal
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397:, 25 September 1802 –
58:"Ferdinand de Lesseps"
3246:French businesspeople
2514:Canal of the Pharaohs
2310:Port Said Governorate
1883:. Simon and Schuster.
1819:Lesseps, Ferdinand de
1328:Lesseps metro station
1205:
1165:
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903:, met with President
891:, its staff flew the
875:
859:Société de géographie
852:
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809:Leopold II of Belgium
753:
667:
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607:Alexis de Tocqueville
586:, which ended in the
527:were allied with the
514:Jacques-Marie Le Père
432:Barthélemy de Lesseps
411:Muhammad Ali of Egypt
399:Saint-Germain-en-Laye
332:Maria Anna of Neuburg
3166:Balboa Naval Station
2941:Ferdinand de Lesseps
2911:Ephraim S. Claybourn
2740:Panama Canal Railway
2545:Ferdinand de Lesseps
2486:Lessepsian migration
2423:Port Said Lighthouse
2305:Ismailia Governorate
2289:Suez Canal Authority
2207:Jean-Jacques Gautier
2167:Ferdinand de Lesseps
1974:The Delesseps Family
1569:58–61, 65, 70–71, 76
1302:Alexandre de Lesseps
1300:Lesseps' descendant
867:Panama Canal Company
838:Panama Canal attempt
680:during the reign of
125:Ferdinand de Lesseps
43:improve this article
2983:Panama Canal Museum
2607:Operation Telescope
2597:Operation Musketeer
2538:French/UK operation
2443:Power line crossing
1859:. New York: Knopf.
1636:. 16 September 1877
1622:, pp. 495–496.
1383:, pp. 494–495.
1024:Bertrand de Lesseps
905:Rutherford B. Hayes
784:, with a branch to
620:and then the 200th
430:, where his uncle,
423:College of Henry IV
336:Charles II of Spain
3182:Balboa High School
2946:John Frank Stevens
2612:Protocol of Sèvres
2602:Operation Tarnegol
2555:Suez Canal Company
2438:Ahmed Hamdi Tunnel
2064:Académie française
1992:2011-07-27 at the
1979:2010-11-23 at the
1692:2009-03-31 at the
1634:The New York Times
1269:docu-drama series
1254:. On television,
1251:Eugenia de Montijo
1227:In popular culture
1216:Gamal Abdel Nasser
1212:
1172:
967:Court of Cassation
958:in February 1889.
885:
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733:British government
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529:Ottoman government
510:Napoleon Bonaparte
506:Ancient Suez Canal
355:Mathieu de Lesseps
271:[dəlesɛps]
3231:De Lesseps family
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3017:Canal Zone Police
3012:List of governors
2916:John G. Claybourn
2857:
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2730:Centennial Bridge
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2474:
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2428:Suez Canal Bridge
2402:Great Bitter Lake
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2215:Jean-Louis Curtis
2143:François Andrieux
1899:The Panama Affair
1888:Parker, Matthew.
1875:McCullough, David
1715:Parker, Matthew.
1235:in the 1938 film
1148:Statue of Liberty
1135:Statue of Liberty
1129:On 11 June 1884,
1125:Statue of Liberty
1100:Nicole de Lesseps
948:financial capital
878:Isthmus of Panama
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2761:Atlantic side
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2550:Isma'il Pasha
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2416:Constructions
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2018:
2010:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1995:
1991:
1988:
1985:
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1978:
1975:
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1965:
1962:
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1811:
1810:public domain
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1578:0-375-40883-5
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1547:0-375-40883-5
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1516:0-375-40883-5
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1243:Loretta Young
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1057:), with issue
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1043:, with issue.
1042:
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1015:Gontaut-Biron
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889:Windsor Hotel
883:
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860:
851:
844:
835:
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828:
826:
822:
818:
814:
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802:an inland sea
799:
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791:
787:
783:
779:
778:LĂ©on Gambetta
774:
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541:Mediterranean
538:
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507:
503:
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494:
492:
488:
484:
480:
476:
472:
468:
453:
451:
450:St Petersburg
448:to travel to
447:
443:
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438:
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429:
424:
419:
416:
412:
406:
404:
400:
396:
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382:
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287:
285:
281:
280:Mediterranean
277:
272:
264:
255:
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236:
232:
228:
225:
221:
218:
214:
211:
207:
203:
200:
198:Occupation(s)
196:
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185:
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161:
148:
144:
140:
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113:
110:
102:
91:
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84:
81:
77:
74:
70:
67:
63:
60: –
59:
55:
54:Find sources:
48:
44:
38:
37:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
3271:Panama Canal
3063:France Field
2987:
2955:Construction
2940:
2825:Pacific side
2668:Panama Canal
2544:
2526:
2392:Lake Manzala
2231:Marc Lambron
2199:Louis Armand
2191:Henri Mondor
2166:
2159:Henri Martin
1945:
1940:Open Library
1907:
1898:
1889:
1878:
1855:
1845:
1826:
1777:
1762:
1751:
1739:
1730:
1724:
1716:
1711:
1700:
1682:
1672:23 September
1670:. Retrieved
1657:
1650:Blowitz 1911
1633:
1627:
1620:Blowitz 1911
1615:
1604:. Retrieved
1600:
1563:
1556:
1532:
1525:
1501:
1494:
1470:
1463:
1456:Blowitz 1911
1416:. Retrieved
1401:
1381:Blowitz 1911
1376:
1369:Blowitz 1911
1364:
1352:
1313:
1299:
1292:
1286:
1279:
1277:
1270:
1262:
1256:Guy Marchand
1249:
1247:
1236:
1233:Tyrone Power
1230:
1213:
1188:Vatan, Indre
1173:
1145:
1140:
1128:
991:Vatan, Indre
976:
960:
944:yellow fever
924:
917:
886:
863:Panama Canal
856:
829:
821:French Congo
806:
770:
761:
745:Ismail Pasha
737:Napoleon III
725:
721:
690:
675:
630:
615:
599:Pope Pius IX
596:
569:
549:
521:Muhammad Ali
518:
495:
464:
435:
420:
407:
388:
340:
317:
303:yellow fever
291:Panama Canal
288:
262:
261:
238:Albert Medal
226:
217:Panama Canal
173:(1894-12-07)
105:
96:
86:
79:
72:
65:
53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
3216:1894 deaths
3211:1805 births
3058:Albrook AFB
3040:US military
2974:(1904–1906)
2849:Panama City
2816:Culebra Cut
2788:BahĂa LimĂłn
2725:Culebra Cut
2580:Suez Crisis
2479:Marine life
2397:Lake Timsah
2282:Authorities
2183:Paul Valéry
2095:Jean Doujat
1601:Egypt Today
1260:mini-series
1208:Suez Crisis
1180:La Chesnaye
1026:(1875–1918)
1010:(1871–1915)
1004:(1870–1953)
981:in 1848 at
956:liquidation
893:French flag
880:, medal by
622:Grand Cross
467:vice-consul
385:Early years
349:by Emperor
334:, widow of
3266:Suez Canal
3205:Categories
3099:De Lesseps
3068:Howard AFB
2811:Gatun Lake
2715:Gatun Lake
2691:Structures
2675:Management
2527:Ever Given
2380:Waterworks
2275:Suez Canal
1964:André Gill
1606:2024-06-06
1344:References
1223:shipyard.
952:corruption
936:landslides
686:Said Pasha
658:Suez Canal
646:André Gill
636:Suez Canal
498:Alexandria
461:Diplomatic
452:overland.
391:Versailles
351:Napoleon I
328:town clerk
276:Suez Canal
213:Suez Canal
160:Versailles
152:1805-11-19
69:newspapers
3175:Education
3140:Coco Solo
3051:Airfields
2863:Expansion
2773:Arco Iris
2754:Locations
2710:Gatun Dam
2452:Expansion
2362:Suez Port
2340:Port Fuad
2335:Port Said
1916:cite book
1910:. London.
1817:(1911). "
1418:3 January
1221:Port Fuad
1083:and 12th
995:Mauritius
979:Mauritius
920:Liverpool
827:in 1879.
773:Marseille
717:Port Said
618:Commander
584:Catalonia
580:Barcelona
572:Rotterdam
502:lazaretto
446:Kamchatka
295:sea level
247:Signature
3119:Randolph
2587:Timeline
2352:Ismailia
2009:LibriVox
1990:Archived
1977:Archived
1966:(1867).
1954:Volume 2
1950:Volume 1
1877:(1977).
1690:Archived
1399:(2018).
1322:See also
1210:in 1956.
1170:, Paris.
1081:Galisteo
756:Ismailia
670:Ismailia
537:Russians
533:Istanbul
483:seraglio
314:Ancestry
284:Red Seas
202:Diplomat
181:, France
162:, France
3124:Sherman
3089:Clayton
2891:History
2804:Passage
2703:Panamax
2502:History
2387:Suezmax
2067:seat 38
2026:of the
2022:in the
1956:. From
1825:(ed.).
1812::
1795:Sources
1771:TCM.com
1767:"Notes"
1330:in the
1241:, with
1176:Château
1077:Tamames
1041:Blaffer
940:malaria
913:Chicago
786:Beijing
741:Khedive
711:of the
697:Red Sea
682:Abbas I
648:, 1867.
632:Canal.
624:of the
603:Vatican
601:to the
525:British
359:Hamburg
320:Bayonne
299:malaria
267:French:
193:, Paris
83:scholar
3109:Gulick
3084:Amador
3038:Former
2989:Box 25
2899:People
2844:Gamboa
2832:Balboa
2582:(1956)
2530:(2021)
2521:(1846)
2233:(2014)
2225:(1996)
2217:(1986)
2209:(1972)
2201:(1963)
2193:(1946)
2185:(1925)
2177:(1896)
2169:(1884)
2161:(1878)
2153:(1833)
2145:(1803)
2137:(1775)
2129:(1733)
2121:(1725)
2113:(1720)
2105:(1688)
2097:(1650)
2089:(1636)
2081:(1635)
1863:
1821:". In
1806:
1575:
1544:
1513:
1482:
1409:
1198:Legacy
1184:Guilly
1113:Count
987:Guilly
963:bribes
931:francs
927:Panama
909:Boston
798:Sahara
782:Mumbai
592:Madrid
576:Málaga
565:Angers
456:Career
428:Lisbon
367:Málaga
241:(1870)
234:Awards
229:(1887)
179:Guilly
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
3154:Radio
3133:Ports
3114:Kobbe
3104:Grant
3094:Davis
3077:Forts
2795:GatĂşn
2768:ColĂłn
2698:Locks
2291:(SCA)
1666:(PDF)
1507:31–37
1310:Bravo
1291:book
1158:Death
1085:Count
800:into
552:Cairo
471:Tunis
415:Sa'id
395:Cádiz
379:Liège
363:Tunis
347:count
308:locks
223:Works
139:Nadar
90:JSTOR
76:books
2491:List
2357:Suez
1922:link
1861:ISBN
1786:IMDb
1674:2016
1573:ISBN
1542:ISBN
1511:ISBN
1480:ISBN
1420:2024
1407:ISBN
1238:Suez
1089:Mora
1073:Duke
1053:and
942:and
726:The
403:Pisa
301:and
282:and
168:Died
146:Born
62:news
2028:ZBW
2007:at
1938:at
1784:on
1769:on
1267:BBC
1182:in
1178:de
1087:of
1075:of
1069:Don
811:'s
560:dam
531:in
479:Bey
469:to
293:at
45:by
3207::
1952:.
1948:.
1918:}}
1914:{{
1642:^
1599:.
1587:^
1571:.
1540:.
1538:63
1509:.
1478:.
1476:43
1428:^
1388:^
1318:.
1297:.
1284:.
1275:.
1186:,
1154:.
989:,
911:,
747:.
743:,
628:.
594:.
338:.
215:,
2660:e
2653:t
2646:v
2589:)
2585:(
2267:e
2260:t
2253:v
2056:e
2049:t
2042:v
1960:.
1924:)
1869:.
1733:.
1676:.
1609:.
1581:.
1550:.
1519:.
1488:.
1422:.
1359:.
672:.
357:(
265:(
154:)
150:(
112:)
106:(
101:)
97:(
87:·
80:·
73:·
66:·
39:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
