669:, Fatima Mernissi uses an intersectional approach to understand the positions of women throughout early Islamic history through social and political identities that created modes of discrimination. Her aim was to bring to light the significant contributions that women had made throughout early Islamic history and debunk the misconceptions about the absence of women as political and authoritative figures. She does this by exploring the leadership roles that women were involved in throughout Islamic history and alters the way women are portrayed in historiographies. She claims that women held powerful political positions despite religious titles that were given to men. This is exemplified through the many historical accounts that she provides about fifteen women and the active roles that they played in pre-modern Islam politics.
31:
706:, Fatima Mernissi employs a transnational approach to analyse the socio-political context of the Arab-Islamic world shortly after the Gulf war. She debates whether the established fundamentalism dominating the Middle East could ever be compatible with the democratic processes used in Western societies. Mernissi raises questions around the uncertainty Muslims feel towards a form of government that is âunislamicâ and may compromise their Islamic way of life, including morals and values, such as modesty. Moreover, she explores issues such as the fear of the Islamic religion, democracy, the United Nations Charter, freedom of thought and individualism (Mernissi, 2002).
688:, Fatima Mernissi analyzes the role of women in relation to the world of contemporary Islam. In her work, she explores the idea of sexual identity and gender roles in the Islamic world and helps to redefine the narrative surrounding it. Mernissi discusses some of the most prominent issues to do with the status of Muslim women, such as the masking of women's contribution to the economies of Arab states (Mernissi, 1996). Furthermore, Mernissi delves into different demographic, including education and literacy. She uses this to help explain the importance of these factors not only for the empowerment of women in Islam, but also for their health (Mernissi, 1996).
646:, was published, and it was considered revolutionary. Mernissi broke down the ethnocentric stereotypes Western society had developed towards Islam, especially Muslim women. She distinguished Muslim women from the homogenized group of âthird-world womenâ that Western feminism had created. Mernissi also fought to overcome Western assumptions that Muslim women were helpless victims of both their religion and the men of their religion. Western stereotypes ostracized Muslim men who did not fit the white, masculine, hegemonic mold dominating the first world society, developing racist ideas towards a religion that was believed to oppress women.
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is extremely influential in
Islamic feminism, intersectionality, and global feminism, by focusing on issues surrounding Muslim women in the Arab world. This book, in particular, was able to bring light to specific issues that women deal with in the Islamic world, such as issues of sexual identity and gender roles, and the effects these can have on women's empowerment and health.
757:, intersectionality, transnationalism and global feminism in her publications and public lectures. The New York Times quoted her in an obituary: "Not only have the sacred texts always been manipulated, but manipulation of them is a structural characteristic of the practice of power in Muslim societies,â Fatema Mernissi,
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ability to disagree with the state. Mernissi then suggests ways in which progressive
Muslims, including feminists, who choose to advocate for democracy and resist fundamentalism should draw from the same sacred texts as those who seek to oppress them, in order to prove that Islam is not fundamentally against women.
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Furthermore, Mernissi analyzes the role of the state in gender roles as well as the outcome of a state that ultimately supports inequality. She ultimately argues that the freedom from these controlling traditions and expectations of women is the only way for the Arab world to develop. Mernissi's work
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For instance, the role that female slaves played in leading slave revolts against religious rulers without the use of violence (Mernissi, 1994). Moreover, Mernissi distinguishes between âPolitical Islam,â the period where radical change occurred and women's roles were disregarded or forgotten, and
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Mernissi's works focus on providing a voice for oppressed and marginalized women. She brings to light the contributions of women to the economy and acknowledges the roles that affect how females are viewed within
Islamic cultures. Throughout her career, Mernissi was an avid spokesperson regarding
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For instance, she looked at how fundamentalism controlled what a woman would be able to wear, so a democratic society that freed women to dress as they pleased could appear threatening to a hyper-masculine culture. She contests that a living democracy should allow for the legal and constitutional
673:âRislala Islam,â where women's lives were transformed (Mernissi, 1994). She was fundamental in contributing to the overall academic literature on women's visibility in Islamic history outside of their traditional roles by highlighting their involvement in politics, religion, and cultural change.
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Mernissi broke down the ethnocentric approach
Western Feminism had been utilizing and wrote to bring more clarity to the diversity necessary within the global Feminine movement. Mernissi's legacy is revolutionary because she created a space within an initially predominantly Western movement that
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However, Mernissi pointed out that Muslim women were not victims of their religious practices any more than
Western women were victims of the patriarchy; both groups of women were oppressed by specific social institutions within a religion or society created to profit from the marginalization of
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that discusses the repression and pressures women in different societies face merely based on their physical appearance. Whether she analyzes women in
Moroccan society or in the West, she claims that they must live up to stereotypical, culturally imposed standards, such as dress sizes. Mernissi
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others. Furthermore, Mernissi explained that
Western women were veiled, just as Muslim women were, yet Western veils were much more discreet. She argued that youth and beauty veiled Western women, and once a woman no longer had these, she was hardly recognized by society.
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allowed Muslim women to participate without compromising their religious practices. Mernissi's work highlighted how
Western feminism could be detrimental to the empowerment of women around the globe if it lacked an intersectional approach to women's issues.
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in Rabat and taught at the Faculté des
Lettres between 1974 and 1981 on subjects such as methodology, family sociology and psychosociology. Further, she was a research scholar at the University Institute for Scientific Research at the same university.
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covers the topics of online activities shifting cultural ways. In these essays, she mentions how technology is quickly spreading â one of the main sources being the World Wide Web â and analyses the roles and contributions of women in this movement.
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As a sociologist, Mernissi mainly undertook field work in
Morocco. On several occasions in the late 1970s and early 1980s, she conducted interviews in order to map prevailing attitudes to women and their work. She did sociological research for
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of her affluent paternal grandmother along with various female kin and servants. She received her primary education in a school established by the nationalist movement, and secondary level education in an all-girls school funded by the
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as well as for the Moroccan government. In the same period, Mernissi contributed articles to periodicals and other publications on women in Morocco and women and Islam from a contemporary as well as from a historical perspective.
485:, specifically those in Morocco and other Muslim countries. She is regarded as an influential feminist figure, as she was a renowned public speaker, scholar, teacher, writer, and sociologist. Mernissi died in
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Carine Bourget, Complicity with Orientalism in Third-World Women's Writing: Fatima Mernissi's Fictive Memoirs, Research in African Literatures Vol. 44, No. 3 (Fall 2013), pp. 30â49, Indiana University
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Francesco Alfonso and Fatima Mernissi (2006). The New Arab Mass Media: Vehicles of Democracy? Interview with Fatima Mernissi. Istituto per l'Oriente C. A. Nallino.
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has become a classic, especially in the fields of anthropology and sociology, on women in the Arab World, the Mediterranean area or Muslim societies in general.
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Mernissi's legacy can be greatly attributed to her scholarly and literary contributions to the early Islamic feminist movement. Mernissi tackled issues such as
734:, covered the topic of globalization, and was recognized for her pensive take, considering both the issue and effects of culture. In 2004, she was awarded the
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women's rights and equality, while also embracing the Islamic faith. She uses historical religious research to make claims for her modern feminist stances.
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Mernissi, F. (1975). Beyond the Veil: Male -Female Dynamics in a. Modern Muslim Society. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Schenkman Publishing Company.
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created the Fatema Mernissi Book Award to "recognize outstanding scholarship in studies of gender, sexuality, and womenâs lived experience".
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559:. It was first published in French in 1987 and translated into English in 1991. The book was subsequently banned in Morocco, Iran, and the
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534:(sayings and traditions attributed to him), and therefore the subordination of women that she sees in Islam, but not necessarily in the
587:(1991), she interviewed peasant women, women labourers, clairvoyants and maidservants. In 1994, Mernissi published a fictional memoir,
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746:. For this award, she was recognized for her sociocultural impact, since it was dedicated to "Religion and Modernity". In 2017, The
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was written for her PhD thesis and later published as a book which recognizes the power of Muslim women in relation to the
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Mernissi, F. (1994). Hidden from history: the forgotten queens of Islam. Lahore, Pakistan: ASR Publications.
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compares the clothing size 6 to harems and states that these Western practices isolate and mistreat women.
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1453:"The Satellite, the Prince, and Scheherazade : The Rise of Women as Communicators in Digital Islam"
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In 1984, she contributed the text "The merchant's daughter and the son of the sultan" to the anthology
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501:, was published in 1975. A revised edition was published in Britain in 1985 and in the US in 1987.
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2014:
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1430:. Photographs by Ruth V. Ward (26. printing. ed.). Cambridge, Massachusetts: Perseus Books.
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The Satellite, the Prince, and Scheherazade: The Rise of Women as Communicators in Digital Islam
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Mernissi, F. (2002). Islam and democracy: fear of the modern world. Cambridge, MA: Perseus Pub.
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Her work has been cited as an inspiration by other Muslim feminists, such as those who founded
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She wrote extensively about life within harems, gender, and public and private spheres.
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1287:"Fatima Mernissi: going beyond the veil to fight misogynist interpretations of Islam"
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The Veil and the Male Elite: A Feminist Interpretation of Womenâs Rights in Islam
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976:, translated by Mary Jo Lakeland. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press.
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477:. Mernissi is known for her sociopolitical approaches towards discussing
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1976:
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793:(in French). under the pseudonym Fatna AĂŻt Sabbah. Albin Michel. 1986.
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1665:"Notable Feminist Fatema Mernissi, Susan Sontag - Literature 2003"
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Sisterhood Is Global: The International Women's Movement Anthology
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Khaleeli, H. (2011). Top 100 women: activists campaigners, Fatima
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The Veil and the Male Elite: A Feminist Interpretation of Islam
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explores cases in which women take part in online media, while
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553:
The Veil and the Male Elite: A Feminist Interpretation of Islam
530:
1625:
Ennaji-1 Sadiqi-2 Vintages-3, Moha-1 Fatima-2 Karen-3 (2016).
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Modernizing Women: Gender and Social Change in the Middle East
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Beyond the veil: male-female dynamics in modern Muslim society
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A recurring topic in her writings is the fictional character
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Scheherazade Goes West: Different Cultures, Different Harems
1184:"Fatema Mernissi, a Founder of Islamic Feminism, Dies at 75"
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628:
Scheherazade Goes West: Different Cultures, Different Harems
1949:
1121:"Beyond the Veil Male-Female Dynamics in a Muslim Society"
772:
Beyond the Veil: Male-Female Dynamics in a Muslim Society
572:
774:. revised ed. 1985, 1987, reprinted London: Saqi Books.
524:. Through a detailed investigation of the nature of the
471:
Beyond the Veil: Male-Female Dynamics in Muslim Society
417:; 27 September 1940 â 30 November 2015) was a Moroccan
1856:
Interview: Encuentros Digitales El Mundo.es (Spanish)
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Prince of Asturias Award for Literature 2003 (2003).
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16:
Moroccan feminist writer and sociologist (1940â2015)
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Articles in El Pais about Fatima Mernissi (Spanish)
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Dreams of trespass : tales of a harem girlhood
1403:(Bantam reprint. ed.). Toronto: Bantam Books.
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458:in the US, where she gained her doctorate in 1974.
1836:Chronological Overview of books by Fatema Mernissi
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974:Doing Daily Battle: Interviews with Moroccan Women
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585:Doing Daily Battle: Interviews with Moroccan Women
634:
555:, is a quasi-historical study of the role of the
433:Fatema Mernissi was born on 27 September 1940 in
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1371:"Women's Learning Partnership - Fatema Mernissi"
867:Sultanes oubliĂ©es â Femmes chefs dâEtat en Islam
528:, she cast doubt on the validity of some of the
512:, Mernissi was largely concerned with Islam and
1284:
597:, and is still known by that title in the UK).
551:. Her most famous book as an Islamic feminist,
897:Dreams of Trespass â Tales of a Harem Girlhood
842:Le harem politique â Le ProphĂšte et les femmes
595:The Harem Within: Tales of a Moroccan Girlhood
1920:
939:Islam and Democracy: Fear of the Modern World
704:Islam and Democracy: Fear of the Modern World
697:Islam and Democracy: Fear of the Modern World
590:Dreams of Trespass: Tales of a Harem Girlhood
375:
1245:
49:
1756:"Erasmus Prize awarded to Islamic thinkers"
1710:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
1649:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
1369:Women's Learning Partnership (2015-12-01).
593:(in the US, the book was originally titled
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382:
368:
2190:Princess of Asturias Award for Literature
1878:The Prophet and Freedom of the Individual
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1479:"Digital Scheherazades in the Arab World"
1228:"Table of Contents: Sisterhood is global"
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1841:Announcement of the Asturias Prize, 2003
1629:. Africa World Press. pp. 129â144.
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2325:Academic staff of Mohammed V University
1950:Prince of Asturias Award for Literature
1851:Interview: El Pais (Spanish) 31-10-1989
1451:Mernissi, Fatema (SpringâSummer 2004).
642:In 1975, Fatima Mernissi's first book,
616:Digital Scheherazades in the Arab World
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1620:
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1345:Musawah: Equality in the Muslim Family
1285:Evita Saraswati, Raquel (2014-10-16).
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686:Women's Rebellion & Islamic Memory
679:Womenâs Rebellion & Islamic Memory
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1948:
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1846:Interview: El PaĂs (Spanish) 6-7-2008
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1260:. Lynne Rienner Publishers. pp.
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1049:. Indiana University Press. pp.
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927:. New York: Washington Square Press.
1937:Prince or Princess of Asturias Award
1627:Moroccan Feminisms: New Perspectives
1143:
1141:
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884:Womenâs Rebellion and Islamic Memory
789:La femme dans l'inconscient musulman
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2360:21st-century Moroccan women writers
2355:20th-century Moroccan women writers
1754:Marseille, Alfred (November 2004).
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50:
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1687:"Fatema Mernissi and Susan Sontag"
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1457:Transnational Broadcasting Studies
1316:"Notable Feminist Fatema Mernissi"
1064:Brandeis Department of Sociology.
919:Etes-vous vacciné contre le Harem?
722:In 2003, Mernissi was awarded the
624:Size 6: The Western Womenâs Harem,
14:
2396:
1819:
1230:. Catalog.vsc.edu. Archived from
1182:Fox, Margalit (9 December 2015).
1138:
1091:"Muslim Women: Past and Present"
730:. Mernissi's acceptance speech,
493:Publications and their influence
29:
2380:21st-century Moroccan educators
2375:20th-century Moroccan educators
2031:1991: The people of Puerto Rico
1790:Middle East Studies Association
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1477:Mernissi, Fatema (March 2006).
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1201:Khaleeli, Homa (8 March 2011).
830:Lâamour dans les pays musulmans
823:Le Maroc raconté par ses femmes
764:
748:Middle East Studies Association
561:Arab states of the Persian Gulf
2315:Proponents of Islamic feminism
1831:Obituary on Morocco World News
1691:FUNDACIĂN PRINCESA DE ASTURIAS
1375:action.learningpartnership.org
1252:Valentine M. Moghadam (2003).
1194:
1113:
1083:
1057:
1034:
1009:
992:Liberal movements within Islam
955:. Brooklyn: PowerHouse Books.
518:development of Islamic thought
1:
2370:21st-century Moroccan writers
2365:20th-century Moroccan writers
1498:10.1525/curh.2006.105.689.121
1002:
861:Shahrazad nâest pas marocaine
667:The Forgotten Queens of Islam
660:The Forgotten Queens of Islam
1786:"Fatema Mernissi Book Award"
1016:Devi, Gayatri (2015-12-18).
497:Mernissi's first monograph,
461:She returned to work at the
428:
7:
2345:Moroccan women sociologists
1873:Rebel for the sake of women
1552:. Washington Square Press.
1341:"Honouring Fatima Mernissi"
980:
626:is an essay from her book,
516:, analyzing the historical
413:
10:
2401:
2335:Brandeis University alumni
2330:University of Paris alumni
1971:Gonzalo Torrente Ballester
1018:"Fatima Mernissi obituary"
2310:Feminist studies scholars
2195:
2184:
1955:
1944:
1826:Fatema Mernissi's website
1544:Mernissi, Fatema (2001).
1424:Mernissi, Fatima (1995).
1399:Mernissi, Fatima (1994).
1041:Mernissi, Fatima (1987).
941:. New York: Basic Books.
900:New York: Perseus Books.
871:Forgotten Queens of Islam
848:. New York: Basic Books.
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2350:Moroccan women essayists
2340:People from Fez, Morocco
1883:Politics and the Prophet
1154:oxfordislamicstudies.com
1148:Oxford Islamic Studies.
724:Prince of Asturias Award
125:Prince of Asturias Award
48:
2385:Women scholars of Islam
1885:, review of Mernissi's
446:. In 1957, she studied
35:Mernissi receiving the
2300:Moroccan women writers
1097:. WISE. Archived from
925:Scheherazade Goes West
813:: CS1 maint: others (
526:succession to Muhammad
454:in Paris and later at
2295:Moroccan sociologists
732:The Cowboy or Sinbad?
522:modern manifestations
489:on 30 November 2015.
463:Mohammed V University
437:. She grew up in the
2166:Antonio Muñoz Molina
1760:The Power of Culture
1160:on November 21, 2008
256:Criticism and awards
106:University of Paris
2027:Arturo Uslar Pietri
2011:Carmen MartĂn Gaite
1887:Islam and Democracy
1766:on 2 September 2021
1730:Praemium Erasmianum
953:Les Femmes Du Maroc
658:Intersectionality:
456:Brandeis University
444:French protectorate
171:Moroccan literature
152:Moroccan literature
108:Brandeis University
2305:Moroccan essayists
2290:Moroccan feminists
2084:Augusto Monterroso
2015:JosĂ© Ăngel Valente
1995:Mario Vargas Llosa
1983:Pablo GarcĂa Baena
1861:2020-10-11 at the
1726:"Former Laureates"
1150:"Mernissi, Fatima"
967:Edited by Mernissi
913:Les AĂŻt-DĂ©brouille
744:Abdolkarim Soroush
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2180:
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2042:Claudio RodrĂguez
1935:Laureates of the
1636:978-1-5690247-4-4
1271:978-1-58826-171-7
1203:"Fatema Mernissi"
1066:"Featured Alumni"
894:(retitled. 1995:
878:La Peur-Modernité
714:Awards and legacy
557:wives of Muhammad
483:sexual identities
448:political science
411:
392:
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356:Literature Portal
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113:Literary movement
69:27 September 1940
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2320:Muslim reformers
2237:Emmanuel CarrĂšre
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2005:Camilo José Cela
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987:Islamic feminism
891:The Harem Within
854:978-0201-63221-7
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2102:Fatema Mernissi
2072:Francisco Ayala
2036:Francisco Nieva
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1896:Fatema Mernissi
1863:Wayback Machine
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1522:on 23 July 2014
1516:Fatema Mernissi
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1486:Current History
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1095:Fatema Mernissi
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644:Beyond the Veil
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637:Beyond the Veil
635:Ethnocentrism:
610:. Her article,
503:Beyond the Veil
499:Beyond the Veil
495:
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395:Fatema Mernissi
388:
274:Literary prizes
264:Literary theory
161:List of writers
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107:
103:Alma mater
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2207:Richard Ford
2148:Amin Maalouf
2118:Nélida Piñon
2106:Susan Sontag
2101:
2078:GĂŒnter Grass
2066:Ălvaro Mutis
1886:
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738:, alongside
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2285:2015 deaths
2280:1940 births
2231:Anne Carson
2219:Fred Vargas
2160:Philip Roth
2124:Paul Auster
1961:José Hierro
1320:morocco.com
469:Mernissi's
423:sociologist
421:writer and
305:Ben Jelloun
202:Playwrights
98:Sociologist
45:Native name
2274:Categories
1977:Juan Rulfo
1795:2021-08-30
1770:6 December
1740:2016-06-21
1696:6 December
1559:0743412435
1385:2022-08-15
1355:2016-06-21
1301:2016-06-21
1238:2015-10-15
1130:6 December
1027:2021-08-30
1003:References
290:El Majdoub
217:Historians
95:Occupation
65:1940-09-27
1645:cite book
809:cite book
429:Biography
408:romanized
212:Essayists
197:Novelists
181:Tamazight
90:, Morocco
1859:Archived
1706:cite web
1164:March 3,
1075:March 3,
981:See also
520:and its
452:Sorbonne
419:feminist
325:Mernissi
315:El Maleh
282:See also
116:Feminist
2130:Amos Oz
1670:3 March
1526:3 March
1325:3 March
1212:3 March
1105:3 March
761:(1991)
581:Musawah
450:at the
410::
320:ChraĂźbi
300:Choukri
269:Critics
131:Website
2253:2024:
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569:UNESCO
536:Qur'an
531:hadith
508:As an
479:gender
399:Arabic
340:Qamari
310:Zafzaf
248:Poetry
176:Arabic
39:, 2004
1889:, by
1482:(PDF)
487:Rabat
439:harem
295:Awzal
243:Novel
235:Forms
207:Poets
88:Rabat
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2013:and
1997:and
1969:and
1900:IMDb
1772:2019
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67:)
63:(
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