240:
313:
22:
150:
193:, which was published in 1749 at the height of her fame. She became mistress to a string of leading British politicians and celebrities, while her fashion sense — in particular, the broad-brimmed "Fanny Murray cap", supposedly invented to hide the imperfections of her "handsome though somewhat awry" face — became all the rage on the London scene. Her influence on
446:(£21) of her own savings to anyone who could find the author. Records from the day universally praise Murray as faithful: a biography of Ross remarks that "whatever her former indiscretions had been, conducted herself as a wife with exemplary prudence and discretion". The couple remained married until her death in 1778.
293:. A famous anecdote about Murray tells that one night, she complained to him that she lacked money. He gave her a £20 note, to which she declared "damn your twenty pound, what does it signify?", promptly placing the note between two pieces of bread and eating it. The same story was later told of
432:
from the House and branded an outlaw. Although Murray was not the target of the poem — one biography of Wilkes described her presence in the poem as "little more than a matter of literary convention" — the event caused considerable distress to Murray, and strained her marriage with Ross. It was
140:
examine Murray to verify her claims that she was free of disease, and made her pay a £20 deposit on the accuracy of her information. Although she had been working in London for many years, she appeared in Harris's guide as a "new face", described as "fit for high keeping with a Jew merchant".
387:, finding that Murray is the better of the two for never having had a child. The poem was likely around a decade old, having been composed at the height of Murray's fame. Wilkes was only in his late teens at that time, and it is possible the poem was written by
342:, son of the John Spencer who had seduced her, was getting married. She sent him a begging letter informing him of his father's deeds, and manipulated the couple into paying her a £200 per year stipend. Spencer also introduced her to the actor
79:, the "celebrated Fanny Murray" was one of the most prominent courtesans of her day; a celebrity and fashion leader who rose from destitution to wealth and fame, before settling down into a life of "respectable prosperity". The
118:
prostitute who had to work to pay for the expensive clothes that she wore to solicit customers. Once she had paid off her indenture, Fanny continued as a prostitute under her own employ, but remained in poverty.
262:, who was so deeply enamoured of her as to hang a large nude portrait of Murray in his apartment, proudly showing it to guests. Murray often appeared as a "nun" — a female guest — at the orgies of the
433:
public knowledge that
Sandwich had been Fanny Murray's lover, and the hypocrisy of his actions were not lost on the public. Records from the era suggest that the very next night, Sandwich went to see
442:
Despite the turmoil of her later years, Murray's marriage to Ross appears to have been a happy, monogamous one. When an anonymous poem besmirching Ross as an actor appeared, Murray offered twenty
301:. Her marital life appears to have been temperamental, and neither remained entirely monogamous. Atkins died suddenly in 1756 when Murray was just 27, leaving her heavily indebted.
474:
180:
114:. According to her memoir, she had become a mistress to Beau Nash by 1743, at the age of just fourteen, and soon moved to London, where she became a "dress-lodger" — an
383:, was dedicated to Murray and featured her extensively: the very first line of the poem reads "Awake, my Fanny", and one passage compares her to the
395:
seized on the chance to shame Wilkes, against whom he had borne a grudge ever since Wilkes had leapt out and scared
Sandwich during a drunken
83:
are one of the first examples of the "whore's memoir" genre of writing, although they are unlikely to have been actually written by Murray.
471:
439:, which featured a similar act of betrayal by the character "Jemmy Twitcher". Quickly, the name Twitcher became associated with him.
132:
111:
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Some sources give her date of death as 1770. Nevertheless, notices of her death only appear in gazettes from 1778.
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339:
184:
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with satanic trappings which
Sandwich regularly attended, and it is also likely that she was a member of the "
1326:
343:
1296:
1276:
239:
187:(no relation) at his casino, and it has been suggested that she is at least in part an inspiration for
698:
Sex and the Gender
Revolution, Volume 1: Heterosexuality and the Third Gender in Enlightenment London
388:
312:
21:
391:, his friend and fellow Hellfire member, rather than Wilkes himself. Despite having been her lover,
346:, whom she married some time around 1757. A biography, purportedly a memoir although written in the
136:, a list of prostitutes that Harris claimed were free of venereal disease. Harris supposedly had a
995:
Letters from the Hon. Horace
Walpole, to George Montagu, Esq. from the Year 1736 to the Year 1770
702:
696:
1186:
919:
Philip, Earl of
Hardwicke (1792). "Letter from Earl of Hardwicke to his son Viscount Royston".
347:
194:
91:
The details of her life are not clear, coming as they do from often biased sources such as the
733:
727:
654:
1306:
764:
758:
443:
435:
173:
it was a vice not to be acquainted with Fanny; it was a crime not to toast her at every meal.
1178:
1316:
30:
519:
The Annual
Register, or a View of the History, Politics, and Literature, for the Year 1778
8:
872:
482:
115:
171:. At just 17, she was famous and widely desired; one diary from the day records that "
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561:
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Infamous
Commerce: Prostitution in Eighteenth-Century British Literature And Culture
729:
Infamous
Commerce: Prostitution in Eighteenth-Century British Literature And Culture
358:
about Kitty Fisher in which Murray appears as the
Spanish prostitute "Miss Murrio".
793:
424:
235:
to be cut an inch or two lower; and kindly displays the whole lovely circumference"
176:
154:
478:
419:
375:
298:
158:
149:
76:
355:
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990:
799:
Ladies Fair and Frail; sketches of the demi-monde during the eighteenth century
407:
370:
335:
283:
267:
96:
40:
1079:
Mary Peace (2012). "1759 and the Lives of Prostitutes". In Shaun Regan (ed.).
1290:
1181:'Orientalist Jones': Sir William Jones, Poet, Lawyer, and Linguist, 1746-1794
1037:
Companions Without Vows: Relationships Among Eighteenth-Century British Women
400:
324:
282:
group founded by Sandwich that was exclusive to noblemen who had visited the
263:
127:
1081:
Reading 1759: Literary Culture in Mid-Eighteenth-Century Britain and France
294:
106:. Orphaned at age 12, she worked as a flower girl until she was seduced by
72:
384:
366:
362:
316:
279:
68:
817:. Vol. 2. Translated by Arthur Machen. Echo Library. p. 286.
275:
251:
250:, c. 1740. Sandwich's interest in the Middle East led him to found the
189:
415:
411:
167:
165:
With the support of Harris, Murray quickly rose to the top of London
103:
56:
26:
396:
247:
207:
99:
in 1729 to a musician called "Rudman", a friend of the influential
161:, wearing a heavily adorned "Fanny Murray cap" and a low-cut dress
122:
While she was in London, she was noticed by Jack Harris, a famous
137:
672:
Nightwalkers: Prostitute Narratives from the Eighteenth Century
297:— possibly due to Casanova confusing Atkins's mistresses — and
232:
224:
44:
855:
The Lady's Magazine or Entertaining Companion for the Fair Sex
95:
attributed to her. Most sources agree that Murray was born in
688:
558:
A Great and Monstrous Thing: London in the Eighteenth Century
271:
205:
chuses to vary the fashion of her apparel, immediately every
100:
1009:
877:
The Origins of Sex: A History of the First Sexual Revolution
812:
494:
In some versions, this line is "Awake, my Sandwich" instead.
630:
The Imaginary Autocrat: Beau Nash And The Invention Of Bath
123:
853:"Essay addressed to ladies on the present mode of dress".
1106:
The Yard of Wit: Male Creativity and Sexuality, 1650-1750
918:
941:
The Hell-Fire clubs: sex, Satanism and secret societies
605:
The Cambridge Companion to British Theatre, 1730-1830
756:
725:
669:
1176:
871:
802:. London : J. Lane; New York, J. Lane company.
304:
1159:D (July 1857). "Wilkes and the "Essay on Woman"".
1103:
1234:
694:
1288:
840:The oldest profession: a history of prostitution
792:
603:Laura Rosenthal (2007). ""Entertaining Women"".
837:
652:
602:
1209:
1172:
1170:
1062:The Edinburgh Magazine, or Literary Miscellany
989:
964:
334:Unable to pay her debts, Murray was sent to a
179:as the guest of honour at a party held by the
1133:
879:. Oxford University Press, USA. p. 312.
1083:. Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 78–81.
1039:. University of Georgia Press. p. 200.
937:
1167:
1034:
999:(The original correspondence is dated 1748)
663:
555:
428:, Wilkes fled the country and was expelled
175:" She is even mentioned in the memoirs of
81:Memoirs of the Celebrated Miss Fanny Murray
1078:
1014:. Vol. 9–10. JHU Press. p. 407.
627:
607:. Cambridge University Press. p. 99.
513:
511:
406:Sections of the poem were read out in the
350:, appeared in 1759, alongside the similar
197:went so far that one essayist complained:
958:
258:For a long time, she was the mistress of
1252:The Mirror of Taste, and Dramatic Censor
931:
806:
701:. University of Chicago Press. pp.
582:"Blaming and Shaming in Whores' Memoirs"
352:Uncommon Adventures of Miss Kitty F****r
311:
238:
211:in town takes notice of the change, and
148:
20:
1152:
788:
786:
784:
551:
549:
547:
508:
112:John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough
1289:
1250:"Biography: Life of David Ross Esqr".
1010:Jacques Casanova De Seingalt (1970) .
921:The Lawyer's and Magistrate's Magazine
813:Jacques Casanova de Seingalt (2007) .
596:
1212:John Wilkes: The Lives of a Libertine
967:John Wilkes: The Lives of a Libertine
133:Harris's List of Covent Garden Ladies
781:
763:. Cornell University Press. p.
732:. Cornell University Press. p.
544:
969:. Ashgate Publishing. p. 104.
621:
67:(1763) that led to the downfall of
29:of Fanny Murray from a painting by
13:
260:John Montagu, 4th Earl of Sandwich
225:the coral centre of her snowy orbs
61:John Montagu, 4th Earl of Sandwich
14:
1338:
1266:
1158:
899:
1239:. Vol. 4. pp. 195–196.
532:"Marriages, births and deaths".
369:surfaced. The poem, a parody of
1243:
1228:
1203:
1122:
1097:
1072:
1060:"Anecdotes of David Ross Esq".
1053:
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1002:
983:
912:
893:
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846:
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719:
674:. Broadview Press. p. 78.
488:
465:
291:Sir Richard Atkins, 6th Baronet
646:
574:
525:
456:
340:John Spencer, 1st Earl Spencer
231:, to outstrip her, orders the
55:, was an 18th-century English
1:
1008:Willard R. Trask, footnoting
757:Laura Jean Rosenthal (2006).
726:Laura Jean Rosenthal (2006).
670:Laura Jean Rosenthal (2008).
560:. Random House. p. 376.
501:
86:
63:and dedicatee of the fateful
1237:Memoirs of Charles Lee Lewis
1177:Michael J. Franklin (2011).
900:G (30 July 1757). "Leader".
481:to £2,000 in 2011 using the
422:for criticising the king in
365:poem supposedly composed by
181:British Ambassador to Venice
7:
1302:18th-century English people
1104:Raymond Stephanson (2004).
10:
1343:
1312:People from Bath, Somerset
1235:Charles Lee Lewes (1805).
695:Randolph Trumbach (1998).
656:The Seven Curses of London
338:. There, she learned that
246:, 4th Earl of Sandwich in
153:Fanny Murray c. 1750 in a
1322:People from Covent Garden
944:. Yale University Press.
838:Lujo Bassermann (1967).
653:James Greenwood (1869).
449:
1210:John Sainsbury (2006).
1128:John Wilkes (c. 1760).
965:John Sainsbury (2006).
815:The Memoirs of Casanova
632:. Profile. p. 99.
289:Eventually she married
144:
130:and later co-author of
1273:Pride and Prostitution
1134:Bruce Redford (2008).
331:
255:
237:
195:the fashion of the era
162:
33:
938:Evelyn Lloyd (2008).
418:. Already accused of
354:, a thinly disguised
321:Court of King's Bench
315:
242:
199:
152:
24:
1327:18th-century fashion
1035:Betty Rizzo (2008).
556:Jerry White (2012).
521:. J. Dodsley. 1800 .
157:" fancy dress for a
71:. A contemporary of
31:Henry Robert Morland
873:Faramerz Dabhoiwala
628:John Eglin (2005).
1297:English courtesans
1012:History of My Life
534:The Scots Magazine
477:2016-03-16 at the
472:Roughly equivalent
436:The Beggar's Opera
332:
256:
163:
43:– 2 April 1778 in
34:
1161:Notes and Queries
1130:An Essay on Woman
410:, which found it
381:An Essay on Woman
329:An Essay on Woman
306:An Essay on Woman
16:British courtesan
1334:
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1259:
1258:: 413–417. 1810.
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861:: 190–191. 1785.
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177:Giacomo Casanova
110:, a grandson of
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1138:. p. 112.
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420:seditious libel
376:An Essay on Man
310:
299:Sophia Baddeley
217:chaste original
159:masquerade ball
147:
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77:Charlotte Hayes
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1267:External links
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1221:978-0754656265
1220:
1214:. p. 98.
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1196:978-0199532001
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1021:978-0801856662
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991:Horace Walpole
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976:978-0754656265
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951:978-0300116670
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886:978-0199892419
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842:. p. 148.
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371:Alexander Pope
336:sponging-house
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308:and later life
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284:Ottoman Empire
268:secret society
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65:Essay on Woman
59:, mistress to
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1068:: 151. 1790.
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540:: 221. 1778.
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429:
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380:
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363:pornographic
360:
356:roman à clef
351:
348:third person
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327:for writing
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295:Kitty Fisher
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244:John Montagu
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203:Fanny Murray
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108:John Spencer
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73:Kitty Fisher
64:
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49:Fanny Rudman
48:
39:(c. 1729 in
37:Fanny Murray
36:
35:
18:
1317:1778 deaths
1279:On Demand (
1185:. pp.
430:in absentia
412:blasphemous
385:Virgin Mary
367:John Wilkes
361:In 1763, a
319:before the
317:John Wilkes
280:orientalist
215:copies the
185:John Murray
69:John Wilkes
1291:Categories
1136:Dilettanti
908:(36): 169.
592:(8). 2009.
502:References
344:David Ross
276:Divan Club
252:Divan Club
190:Fanny Hill
116:indentured
87:Early life
53:Fanny Ross
51:and later
274:" at the
168:demimonde
104:Beau Nash
57:courtesan
27:mezzotint
993:(1818).
875:(2012).
796:(1909).
475:Archived
393:Sandwich
248:Istanbul
213:modestly
208:Lucretia
155:"Vandyke
703:182–183
444:guineas
416:obscene
399:at the
379:called
138:surgeon
93:Memoirs
47:), née
1218:
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1189:–126.
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397:séance
223:shews
45:London
450:Notes
278:, an
272:harem
233:stays
221:Fanny
219:. If
126:from
101:dandy
1216:ISBN
1191:ISBN
1140:ISBN
1110:ISBN
1085:ISBN
1041:ISBN
1016:ISBN
971:ISBN
946:ISBN
881:ISBN
819:ISBN
769:ISBN
738:ISBN
707:ISBN
676:ISBN
634:ISBN
609:ISBN
562:ISBN
414:and
266:, a
229:miss
201:"If
145:Fame
124:pimp
97:Bath
75:and
41:Bath
1277:SBS
1187:125
734:104
483:RPI
373:'s
1293::
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