627: that included police officers planting a gun on him from the police evidence room. The coroner relied on police reports that Whitehurst was killed by a bullet fired through the chest. After an investigation by the local newspaper and local attorney Donald Watkins raised questions about the facts of the case, six months later, the District Attorney James Evans ordered the body to be exhumed and an autopsy to be performed. The results of the autopsy showed that Whitehurst had been shot in the back. The attempted cover-up led to the resignation of eight police officers, the city’s mayor, James Robinson and the Director of Public Safety, Ed Wright. No police officer was convicted of a crime. Forty years later, the Montgomery City Council passed a resolution that formally expressed regret for the shooting and cover-up.
752:, reporter Melissa Gira Grant found that the contact information in the false evidence was a real person, but they had never submitted a request to 303 Creative, and in fact, they were already married, and not gay. The lawyers for Colorado said the evidence was irrelevant to the case, and neither the majority opinion nor the dissent of the Supreme Court ruling mentioned the false evidence. Although the defendant submitted the request as evidence, they claim to have no knowledge of whether the request was real, using the claim of a web site submission as plausible deniability. Further, the defendant claimed fear that responding to the request to see if it was valid might result in the state of Colorado suing her.
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United States until after the murder. In 2015, Juan's attorney sought further forensic testing on the shoes. DNA analysis indicated that the blood indeed belonged to Holly, but also contained another genetic sample; one that matched the semen sample. Rivera's defense team insists that this is proof not only that the blood was planted, but that the real killer's DNA was inadvertently
1175:
In a widening scandal that has rocked the New York State Police, a lieutenant who supervised criminal investigations in seven upstate counties admitted yesterday that he had faked fingerprint evidence in three cases. The lieutenant, Craig D. Harvey, also said in court in Delhi, N.Y., that he had been
739:
on June 30, 2023. In this case, the defendants filed false evidence with their appeal to the U.S. Supreme Court. The false evidence was claimed by the defendant to have been a request for a gay wedding site that was submitted to the defendant's web site. The web site request was claimed to have been
1386:
New York Times; November 22, 1992, Sunday; "Ripples of a
Pathologist's Misconduct In Graves and Courts of West Texas. The prairie graveyards of West Texas are giving mute testimony to the misdeeds of a circuit-riding pathologist who left a trail of faked autopsies, botched blood samples and missing
690:
of 1993, Craig D. Harvey, a New York State Police trooper, was charged with fabricating evidence. Harvey admitted he and another trooper lifted fingerprints from items the suspect, John
Spencer, touched while in Troop C headquarters during booking. He attached the fingerprints to evidence cards and
722:
rules. It is crucial for law enforcement agencies to scrupulously collect, handle and transfer evidence in order to avoid its falsification. In most jurisdictions, chain of evidence rules require that the transfer of criminal evidence be handled by as few persons as possible. To prevent error or
666:
on a piece of evidence the prosecution had tried to use at his trial in 1993. Rivera's shoes had blood on them, which the prosecution argued belonged to Holly. The prosecution withdrew them prior to his first trial when it was discovered that the shoes were not available for sale anywhere in the
499:- information which has been obtained by illegal means or has been revealed (or traced) using evidence acquired by illegal search, and/or seizure, is called the "fruit of the poisonous tree" and is not admissible in many courts, including U.S. criminal courts.
519:" for a few days before arrest, allowing time to reveal suspicious actions (such as in recorded phone calls), or to attempt to falsify evidence before their arrest, e.g. to prove that the accused was not at the scene of the crime when it was being committed.
654:
done in 2004 on semen taken from the crime scene ruled out Rivera as the source, however, the prosecution argued that the semen sample came from previous consensual sex with another man. Rivera was convicted again. His conviction was overturned by the
511:- an item or information which a court judge has ruled as "inadmissible" is forbidden to be presented in a court case. Suppressed evidence might be excluded because it was found hidden or locked away in areas the accused could not be proven to know.
776:
would be financially harmed by the student loan forgiveness. However, internal documents from the MOHELA show that it did not file the suit, made no claim of financial harm, and had nothing to do with the case. The evidence submitted by the
449:
Apart from the desire for one side or another to succeed or fail in its case, the exact rationale for falsifying evidence can vary. Falsifying evidence to procure the conviction of those honestly believed guilty is considered a form of
649:
was convicted of the murder solely on the basis of a confession, one that he claimed was coerced. No physical evidence linked him to the crime scene and many details of his confession contradicted known evidence from the crime scene.
454:
even though it is intended to (and may) result in the conviction of the guilty; however it may also reflect the incorrect prejudices of the falsifier, and it also tends to encourage corrupt police behavior generally. In the
694:
After the truth came out, it was discovered that they had been falsifying evidence in cases for many years. At least three officers were convicted. Every case the department had been involved in had to be reinvestigated.
600:
into the convictions concluded "Mr Hutton and Mr
Johnston planted the shellcase, exhibit 350 in the Crewe garden, and that they did so to manufacture evidence that Mr Thomas's rifle had been used for the killings."
671:
as well. The DNA has yet to be matched to an individual, but has been linked to DNA from another home invasion and murder. The man convicted of that crime also claims to be wrongfully convicted.
691:
later claimed that he had pulled the fingerprints from the scene of the murder. The forged evidence was used during trial and John
Spencer was sentenced to 50 years to life in prison.
723:
improper tampering, chain of evidence rules also stipulate that those authorized to experiment with collected evidence document the nature, time, date and duration of their handling.
910:"Report of the Royal Commission to inquire into the Circumstances of the Convictions of Arthur Allan Thomas for the Murders of David Harvey Crewe and Jeanette (sic) Lenore Crewe"
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assisted in fabricating evidence by another lieutenant, Patrick O'Hara, who works out of state police headquarters in Albany supervising drug and organized-crime investigations.
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430:); however, in some cases, suppressed evidence is excluded because it cannot be proved the accused was aware of the items found or of their location. The analysis of evidence (
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was a fabrication that MOHELA did not participate in. Despite the reporting that the evidence of financial harm to MOHELA was false, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled against the
493:- an item or information which has been moved, or planted at a scene, to seem related to the accused party, is not admissible in many courts, including U.S. criminal courts.
987:
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Such laws and regulatory procedures stipulating the conditions under which evidence can be handled and manipulated fall under a body of due process statutes called
773:
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is a form of false evidence in which the evidence is truthful but its origins are untruthfully described, at times in order to avoid evidence being excluded as
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Two bullet cases presented by senior detectives Bruce Hutton and
Lenrick Johnston were crucial evidence for the conviction. In 1980, after Thomas's pardon a
434:) may also be forged if the person doing the forensic work finds it easier to fabricate evidence and test results than to perform the actual work involved.
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505:- tainted evidence, where the origin of the evidence is untruthfully represented, preventing discussion of whether it was legally obtained or not.
1046:"City of Montgomery unveils marker recognizing police cover-up in 1975 shooting death of Bernard Whitehurst; family still wants apology (photos)"
1810:
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police officer who incorrectly identified
Whitehurst as the suspect in the robbery of a neighborhood grocery store, there was a police
487:- an item or information manufactured, or altered, to support some agenda, is not admissible in many courts, including U.S. criminal courts.
467:
of a weapon at a crime scene might be used by the police to justify shooting the victim in self-defense, and avoid possible prosecution for
1383:; October 9, 1995; "Faked Evidence Becomes Real Problem-From Fingerprints to Photos to Computer Data, Lawyers are Learning to be Vigilant"
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471:. However, the accused might have falsified some evidence, especially if not arrested immediately, or by having other access to a
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organs from the
Panhandle to the Rio Grande. According to defense lawyers' estimates, as many as 20 capital murder cases ..."
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by the Biden administration that was challenged by multiple states. Much of this case hinged on a claim that the
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had written reports confirming local police department theories without actually performing the work.
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1270:"The Mysterious Case of the Fake Gay Marriage Website, the Real Straight Man, and the Supreme Court"
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who took the unusual step of barring prosecutors from retrying Rivera and he was released.
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John F. Kelly and
Phillip K. Wearne; Tainting Evidence: Inside The Scandals At The
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Any information created or obtained illegally in order to sway a verdict in court
1139:"Man freed after 20 years in prison for murder gets $ 7.5 million from Waukegan"
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In 1992, 11-year-old Holly Staker was raped and murdered while babysitting in
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1086:"Attorneys: Police planted blood on Juan Rivera's shoes in Waukegan slaying"
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1124:"JUAN RIVERA WINS LARGEST WRONGFUL CONVICTION SETTLEMENT IN U.S. HISTORY"
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Taylor, Robert Linsay; John Bowie Gorden; Allen Howard
Johnston (1980).
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1105:"Judge orders tests for alleged evidence tampering in Juan Rivera case"
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on June 30, 2023. The case was related to the forgiveness of federal
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1219:"What to Know About a Seemingly Fake Document in a Gay Rights Case"
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is information created or obtained illegally in order to sway the
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1073:. Appellate Court of Illinois, Second District. December 9, 2011.
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After his release, Rivera's attorneys asked the courts to order
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could be created by either side in a case (including the police/
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211:
988:"Montgomery erects second marker honoring Bernard Whitehurst"
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submitted on the afternoon of Sept. 21, 2016; this was after
196:
1157:"Police Investigation Supervisor Admits Faking Fingerprints"
422:), or by someone sympathetic to either side. Misleading by
30:"Suppressed evidence" redirects here. For the fallacy, see
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In some criminal cases, a person will be identified as a "
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1207:
919:. NZ Government Printer. p. 125. Archived from
581:, couple were killed and their bodies dumped in the
67:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1712:Race in the United States criminal justice system
1650:List of wrongful convictions in the United States
854:List of wrongful convictions in the United States
774:Missouri Higher Education Loan Authority (MOHELA)
426:can also be considered a form of false evidence (
1839:
1292:
1290:
604:
442:due to unlawful means of procurement such as an
1325:"The Student Loan Case's Unwilling Participant"
1811:List of death row inmates in the United States
1103:Hinkel, Dan; Mills, Steve (January 30, 2015).
1413:
1287:
1261:
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879:"689 F. 2d 1220 - Webster v. City of Houston"
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364:
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1665:Overturned convictions in the United States
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1427:
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1267:
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713:Federal Bureau of Investigation Laboratory
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127:Learn how and when to remove this message
1013:"TOP POLICE OFFICER IN MONTGOMERY QUITS"
1799:Capital punishment in the United States
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889:(689). paragraph 29. October 28, 1982
688:New York State Police Troop C scandal
682:New York State Police Troop C scandal
615:In 1975, after the shooting death of
1660:List of miscarriage of justice cases
1655:List of exonerated death row inmates
1268:Gira Grant, Melissa (29 June 2023).
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982:
980:
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569:Murder of Harvey and Jeannette Crewe
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65:adding citations to reliable sources
36:
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1084:Mills, Steve (December 10, 2014).
950:MacPherson, Myra (April 3, 1977).
766:Supreme Court of the United States
737:Supreme Court of the United States
25:
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1737:Ineffective assistance of counsel
1691:National Registry of Exonerations
1038:
1005:
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637:Juan Rivera (wrongful conviction)
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1122:Meincke, Paul (March 20, 2015).
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744:found in favor of the State of
52:needs additional citations for
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1:
1323:Dayen, David (19 June 2023).
865:
711:, and explosive units of the
611:Killing of Bernard Whitehurst
605:Killing of Bernard Whitehurst
1244:"303 Creative LLC v. Elenis"
1217:Liptak, Adam (3 July 2023).
463:.' A "throw down," i.e. the
459:, this is sometimes called '
7:
1853:Law enforcement terminology
1717:Innocent prisoner's dilemma
791:
10:
1899:
1350:"22-506 Biden v. Nebraska"
1137:Moran, Dan (May 5, 2015).
849:Howland will forgery trial
733:303 Creative LLC v. Elenis
727:303 Creative LLC v. Elenis
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172:Mental disorder (Insanity)
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1878:Abuse of the legal system
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1610:Eyewitness identification
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992:The Montgomery Advertiser
177:Diminished responsibility
1783:Innocence Protection Act
1443:Prosecutorial misconduct
819:Kompromat § History
764:case was decided by the
735:case was decided by the
522:
478:
1778:Equal Protection Clause
1696:Investigating Innocence
1627:Tampering with evidence
952:"Alabama's 'Watergate'"
1543:Spoliation of evidence
1429:Miscarriage of justice
824:Miscarriage of justice
631:Murder of Holly Staker
461:Noble Cause Corruption
1768:Right to a fair trial
1622:Misinformation effect
1468:Selective enforcement
1463:Malicious prosecution
1458:Selective prosecution
1329:The American Prospect
829:Parallel construction
503:Parallel construction
436:Parallel construction
1763:Exculpatory evidence
1742:Prosecutor's fallacy
1722:Blue wall of silence
1705:Contributing factors
1642:Wrongful convictions
1381:National Law Journal
1304:. U.S. Supreme Court
1195:. U.S. Supreme Court
1019:. February 6, 1977.
786:Biden administration
645:. A local man named
544:adding missing items
424:suppressing evidence
61:improve this article
1488:Abuse of discretion
1478:Attorney misconduct
1436:Types of misconduct
1298:"Docket for 22-506"
1189:"Docket for 21-476"
1143:The Chicago Tribune
956:The Washington Post
621:Montgomery, Alabama
587:Arthur Allan Thomas
509:Suppressed evidence
475:and related areas.
388:fabricated evidence
1805:Batson v. Kentucky
1751:Norms and remedies
1670:Wrongful execution
1588:Child sexual abuse
1357:U.S. Supreme Court
1223:The New York Times
1162:The New York Times
1071:"People V. Rivera"
1017:The New York Times
834:Surveillance abuse
703:In the 1990s, the
643:Waukegan, Illinois
617:Bernard Whitehurst
542:; you can help by
517:person of interest
18:Falsified evidence
1873:Police misconduct
1863:Criminal defenses
1835:
1834:
1686:Innocence Project
1615:Cross-race effect
1605:Eyewitness memory
1600:Mistaken identity
1571:Forced confession
1533:Witness tampering
1508:Legal malpractice
1503:Gaming the system
1453:Police corruption
1448:Police misconduct
859:M62 Coach Bombing
799:False accusations
762:Biden v. Nebraska
756:Biden v. Nebraska
563:The Crewe murders
560:
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452:police corruption
432:forensic evidence
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143:Criminal defenses
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16:(Redirected from
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1792:Related concepts
1773:Actual innocence
1727:Racial profiling
1578:False accusation
1566:False confession
1538:Brady disclosure
1473:Abuse of process
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1165:. July 30, 1993
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72:Find sources:
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50:This article
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1858:Evidence law
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1758:Legal ethics
1557:
1498:False arrest
1361:. Retrieved
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1028:. Retrieved
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995:. Retrieved
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967:. Retrieved
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410:. Falsified
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261:Criminal law
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232:Self-defense
182:Intoxication
149:Part of the
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59:Please help
54:verification
51:
1548:Civil wrong
1248:Ballotpedia
809:Fingerprint
705:fingerprint
699:FBI scandal
676:exoneration
652:DNA testing
647:Juan Rivera
473:crime scene
428:by omission
416:prosecution
227:Provocation
1842:Categories
1518:Show trial
1493:Entrapment
1483:Bad apples
866:References
540:incomplete
408:court case
275:common law
242:Entrapment
192:Automatism
151:common law
87:newspapers
1868:Injustice
1394:Crime Lab
1025:0362-4331
964:0190-8286
893:April 17,
265:procedure
222:Necessity
1732:Loophole
1679:Advocacy
1169:June 21,
1126:. ABC 7.
930:June 11,
792:See also
779:Missouri
746:Colorado
625:cover-up
575:Pukekawa
465:planting
412:evidence
321:Evidence
301:Property
291:Contract
286:Criminal
255:See also
167:Immunity
1883:Forgery
1632:Frameup
686:In the
669:planted
404:verdict
330:Portals
316:Estates
207:Mistake
202:Consent
187:Infancy
101:scholar
1363:7 July
1334:7 July
1308:7 July
1279:6 July
1253:6 July
1228:6 July
1199:6 July
1050:AL.com
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311:Trusts
273:Other
212:Duress
153:series
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924:(PDF)
913:(PDF)
619:by a
523:Cases
479:Types
418:in a
406:in a
306:wills
277:areas
197:Alibi
108:JSTOR
94:books
1583:Rape
1365:2023
1336:2023
1310:2023
1281:2023
1255:2023
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1201:2023
1171:2007
1057:2016
1032:2016
1021:ISSN
999:2016
971:2016
960:ISSN
932:2009
917:Book
895:2015
760:The
731:The
296:Tort
263:and
80:news
1392:FBI
887:F2d
709:DNA
546:.
398:or
217:Age
63:by
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