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298:. In this field, the company would acquire world fame. Its skills in this field also enabled it to become one of the biggest shipbuilders in the world. The story is closely connected to the application of the compound steam engine for marine use, in which the firm played a crucial role. With regard to the compound engine two specific phases can be discerned: 'low' pressure compound engines and 'high' pressure compound engines.
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which was attached to the crankshaft opposite the crank of the other pair. This gave the optimal balance of driving forces that could be attained for this number of cylinders. Furthermore, the cylinders were 'jacketed' at the top and bottom. The jacket heated the cylinder from the outside to prevent condensation in the cylinder. It had been invented by
29:
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In 1886 William Pearce converted the firm to a limited company, the
Fairfield Shipbuilding & Engineering Co. This also entailed a simultaneous name change to Fairfield Shipbuilding and Engineering Company, after the old farm. The area of the farm itself was purchased by Isabella Elder in 1885 and
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to lift the ban on boilers with a pressure higher than 25 lbs per square inch (psi). The use of high-pressure steam made the compound engine far more effective, and
Randolph, Elder & Co. quickly adjusted. It allowed the construction of a far simpler two-cylinder compound engine that was even more
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In the 1950s the yard underwent a major £4million modernisation programme which was implemented slowly over a period of ten years to minimise disruption to the yard. In 1963, the
Fairfield engine building division merged with another Lithgow subsidiary, David Rowan & Company, to form Fairfield
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The new owners continued the expansion of the shipyard in 1870 and onwards. Important customers in the 1861-1875 time slot were: the
Pacific Steam Navigation Company for 40 vessels at 2,500,000 GBP, the African Mail Company and British and African Steam Navigation Company for 16 vessels at 500,000
434:
The company became known as John Elder & Co in 1869. When John Elder died in
September 1869 his wife ran the business for a while and renamed it in his honour. In 1869 she sold the company to a new partnership consisting of her brother John Francis Ure (1820–1883), J.L.K. Jamieson (1826–1883)
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3 lbs/ihp/h. It amounted to a saving of 30-40 per cent, and this was maintained later on. It made it possible to continue steam navigation on the
Pacific Ocean with profit. In fact, in 1858 the Pacific Steam Navigation Company had 7–8 years old traditional machinery removed from three of her large
566:
and others in 1905. Sir
Alexander Gracie, who was born in Dunvegan, worked at various other Clydeside shipbuilders before he started at Fairfield in 1896, where amongst other things he worked with Jack Fisher to develop the Invincible class for the Royal Navy, including the Indomitable, which was
301:
The compound engine with low (as it would later be called) pressure would give
Randolph, Elder and Co its first renown for economic compound engines. The company's attempts centred on trying to prevent energy loss due to friction and premature condensation of steam. In July 1854 the screw steamer
349:
was started in May 1856. It had two pairs of cylinders, lying so their piston rods were at a 60-90 degree angle. Each pair consisted of a high- and low-pressure cylinder lying next to each other, so they could easily exchange steam. Their pistons moved in opposite directions and drove one crank,
527:
John
Carmichael was manager of the Fairfield yard in 1894. He had been born in Govan in 1858 and had entered Fairfield as an apprentice in 1873. When his apprenticeship was completed seven years later, Sir William Pearce made him head draughtsman, and later he was promoted to assistant manager.
656:
Rowan Ltd. Soon after the decade-long shipyard modernisation works were completed, Fairfield
Shipbuilding and Engineering Ltd and Fairfield Rowan Ltd were placed into receivership and was subsequently sold by Lithgow's in 1965. Fairfield's Chepstow works was sold to the
447:
for 8 vessels at 600,000 GBP. Some qualitative notes further explain the leading position of the company at the time. In 1870 it launched Italy, a vessel of 400 feet, 4,200 tons gross measurement and 600 nominal hp. The largest vessel then afloat except for
586:, with a maximum lift capacity of 200 tons. It was acknowledged for many years as the largest crane in the world. It was employed in lifting the engines and boilers aboard ships in the fitting-out basin. The crane was a
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built at Fairfield. In 1909 Sir Alexander became chairman and managing director of the company, posts he held for a decade. Fisher described him as Britain's greatest naval architect. He died in 1933.
354:, but the company was the first to re-apply it, probably because it first understood its purpose. The company then supplied more double-cylinder engines, but with the cylinders completely jacketed.
549:. The vessels were however separated from the buildings and no significant damage was sustained. The cost of the damage was estimated at £40,000 and caused 4,000 workmen to be thrown idle.
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broke out, freight tariffs increased to the point that the price of coal almost doubled there. The directors then conferred with the company, resulting in the 'double-cylinder engine'.
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From 1854 till about 1866 Randolph, Elder & Co. constructed 18 sets of paddle engines and 30 sets of screw engines, all compound. A highlight was the conversion of the frigate
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The Fairfield West Yard had been added at the outbreak of the First World War for submarine construction, but closed after ten years due to severe recession and was demolished by
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did become an enthusiastic customer. In 1855-1856 it operated on the west coast of South America. In that area, fuel was imported from Britain and therefore more costly. When the
799:
602:, with Alexander Kennedy installed as managing director. In 1921 Alexander Kennedy was knighted. Sir Alexander became Fairfield chairman in 1930 and remained so until 1937.
294:(1824–1869) joined the business. Elder had a natural talent for engineering and had also worked at the Napier shipyard. It enabled the company to start diversifying into
2008:
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were not enough to persuade others, and from 1854 till about 1866 Randolph, Elder and Co were the only engineers who made compound engines under their various patents.
414:. Other ships soon followed, and the business moved to a new yard at the former Fairfield Farm at the Govan riverside in 1864. From 1861 to 1866 59 ships were built.
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in the First World War and then taken over by the Monmouthshire Shipbuilding Company. The works later specialised in assembling bridges and other major structures.
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2053:
1884:
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was fit with engines by Randolph, Elder & Co. It had a vertical geared compound engine with a patented (January 1853) arrangement of the cylinders. The
226:. At the other end of the scale, Fairfields built fast cross-channel mail steamers and ferries for locations around the world. These included ships for the
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In February 1897 a major fire broke out in the yard. The fire spread rapidly and within ten minutes the vast majority of the buildings, covering several
200:
and other navies through the First World War and the Second World War. It also built many transatlantic liners, including record-breaking ships for the
680:
The recently modernised shipbuilding operation was reconstituted as Fairfield (Glasgow) Ltd in 1966, under its founding chairman and industrialist Sir
468:
were launched for the Royal Mail Company's West India and Brazil trade. Both big steamers almost reached 15 knots on their trials. In 1873 it launched
394:. In 1860 the company started to use surface condensation instead of the jet condenser. In 1862 it increased steam pressure to 40 lbs per square inch.
314:(arms). One was driven by the high-pressure cylinder, the other by the low-pressure cylinder, with the pistons always moving in opposite directions.
2026:
535:, were ablaze with the joiner's, pattern, and fitting shops totally destroyed. Various ships under construction were threatened, amongst which were
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1820:
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726:, which collapsed in 1971 when a strike and work-in received national press attention. As part of the recovery deal, Fairfields was formed into
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1108:
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2311:
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effective than the low-pressure compound steam engine. In 1868 Charles Randolph retired from the firm, and John Elder became sole partner.
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per hour. At the time the lowest rate of consumption in other steamers was about 4-4.5 lbs per ihp per hour. The merits of the engine of
488:
The imposing red sandstone offices of the Fairfield Shipbuilding and Engineering Company on Govan Road, which from 2013, has formed the
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steamers, and replaced by compound engines. It saved 40% in fuel and 30 feet of space amidships because less space was needed for coal.
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In 1839 Mr Elliott joined the firm and it became known as Randolph, Elliott & Co. Elliott died shortly after becoming a partner.
3336:
2275:
2248:
1910:
318:, a vessel of about 800 tons and 800 ihp made her trials in July 1854. She had a coal consumption of about 3.25 lbs per
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in partnership with his cousin Richard S. Cunliff, who managed the commercial side. By 1834 it built engines and machinery in the
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3301:
2012:
2178:
2159:
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On the break-up of British Shipbuilders under denationalisation in 1988, the former Fairfield yard was sold to the Norwegian
610:
402:
In 1858 the company acquired the Govan Old Shipyard, and diversified into shipbuilding. The first ship was built in 1861 as
3321:
2834:
1988:
599:
2057:
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were about 20% faster than their predecessors, while their fuel consumption was less than half of theirs. In 1871
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125:
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1940:
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Charles Randolph founded the company as Randolph & Co. He had been an apprentice at the Clyde shipyard of
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1842:
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810:
520:, and built 1889–91. The sculpted figures (The Engineer and the shipwright) flanking the entrance are by
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The general breakthrough of the compound engine was not affected by Randolph, Elder & Co., but by
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were paddle-steamers which got this engine, that got patented in March 1856. Construction of that for
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2708:
1960:
Whatever Happened at Fairfields? by Sydney Paulden & Bill Hawkins, published by Gower Press, 1969
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517:
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1970:
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571:, the first woman in UK to qualify in naval architecture and to graduate in engineering from the
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and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by
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of 4,820 tons and 650 hp, the second largest merchant steamer then afloat. In 1871
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196:, as it is often known, was a major warship builder, turning out many vessels for the
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by Robert Napier, made her trial in June 1858. Another ship with the same engine was
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439:. It kept the name John Elder & Co. William Pearce became sole partner in 1878.
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in 1966. The marine engine-building subsidiary Fairfield Rowan was closed in 1966.
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and other large wheels for driving machinery, and soon became famous for accuracy.
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to steam propulsion in 1863, and her race against two frigates with engines by
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launched at Fairfield in 1950, was the Royal Navy's first all-welded warship.
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built by John Reid in 1858. On trials fuel consumption for these ships was:
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K13 Memorial | Mitchell Library, Glasgow Collection, Bulletin Photographs
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The Battleship Builders - Constructing and Arming British Capital Ships
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became the Fairfield manager in 1909. The company also established the
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307:
264:
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141:
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452:. In 1870-1871 it built two steamers for the London to Aberdeen line:
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2219:
Notices of some of the Principal Manufactures of the West of Scotland
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268:
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in Manchester. With the knowledge that he acquired, he started as a
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3038:
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Passenger steam ships for Şehir Hatları (Turkish Maritime Lines):
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231:
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Tragic tale behind K13 submarine memorial in Glasgow's Elder Park
1993:
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1002:
994:
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978:
692:, into new ways of improving productivity through new reforms to
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2198:
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The former Fairfield shipyard continues in operation as part of
2418:
Modern timeline of British shipbuilding companies, 1960–present
821:
2095:
2093:
2091:
1593:
1581:
791:
Some of the better-known ships built by Fairfield's include:
480:
Fairfield Shipbuilding and Engineering Company and successors
185:
106:
1542:
609:
in 1934. The Fairfield West yard site was later used by the
290:
In 1852 the company became Randolph, Elder and Company when
2088:
820:
were the first vessels ever to be sunk by a German U-boat (
555:
532:
276:
239:
590:
but was demolished in 2007 in yard modernisation works.
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1649:
1647:
1622:
1620:
245:
178:
Fairfield Shipbuilding and Engineering Company, Limited
1767:
1571:
1569:
717:
704:. The era of the Fairfield experiment was captured by
2073:, Ann Fotheringhay, Glasgow Times, 11 September 2021
1731:
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1632:
1617:
250:
2205:
Proceedings of the Philosophical Society of Glasgow
2194:. William Blackwood and sons, Edinburgh and London.
1755:
1743:
1605:
1566:
1554:
286:
Randolph, Elder and Co starts to build ship engines
1825:Journal of the American Society of Naval Engineers
813:were built at Fairfield's. These ships alongside
2191:A Memoir of John Elder, Engineer and Ship-builder
594:Subsidiary of Northumberland Shipbuilding Company
275:. It was the first serious local manufacturer of
3288:
2187:
1821:"Fairfield Shipbuilding and Engineering Company"
1599:
1587:
1548:
1865:
1863:
1831:. American Society of Naval Engineers.: 9 1909.
3342:Manufacturing companies disestablished in 1968
3312:Former defence companies of the United Kingdom
2173:. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press.
2168:
741:
575:worked for the company between 1926 and 1928.
22:Fairfield Shipbuilding and Engineering Company
2403:
2269:
1803:
1801:
1799:
1786:
1784:
1782:
1714:"Biography of Sir William Pearce 1st Baronet"
165:Northumberland Shipbuilding Group (1919–1935)
1860:
1708:
1706:
3332:Manufacturing companies established in 1834
1368:launched 13 May 1911 requisitioned as HMHS
3347:Engine manufacturers of the United Kingdom
3307:Defunct shipbuilding companies of Scotland
2410:
2396:
2283:
2276:
2262:
2249:Elder Park, Govan – monument to John Elder
1796:
1779:
663:
616:In 1924, the company bought a shipyard at
2199:Philosophical Society of Glasgow (1879).
1902:
1703:
1507:
1505:
1325:S/S Teğmen Ali İhsan Kalmaz (Yard No:809)
809:Two of three ships that were lost in the
631:
2234:Randolph, Elder and Co at Grace's Guide
2009:"Heritage 1968 Upper Clyde Shipbuilders"
769:
667:
624:in South Wales, previously developed as
483:
397:
644:after it had become entangled with the
598:In 1919 the company became part of the
3289:
3259:
3256:
3253:
3250:
3247:
3244:
3037:
3030:
2929:
2924:
2728:
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2712:
2693:
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2434:
2431:
2428:
2048:
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1810:, Tuesday, February 09, 1897; Page: 12
1793:, Saturday, February 13, 1897; Page: 5
1502:
504:The shipyard's imposing red sandstone
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3035:
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2919:
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2833:
2794:
2789:
2784:
2779:
2714:
2691:
2657:
2622:
2391:
2257:
2215:
2147:
1773:
1761:
1749:
1737:
1653:
1638:
1626:
1611:
1575:
1560:
1537:Philosophical Society of Glasgow 1879
1497:Philosophical Society of Glasgow 1879
722:In 1968 the company was made part of
613:in 1944 to build four landing craft.
611:United States Army Corps of Engineers
430:Vast expansion as John Elder & Co
2645:Harland & Wolff Heavy Industries
2151:Studies in Scottish Business History
1908:
636:In 1935 Fairfield was taken over by
246:John Elder & Co and predecessors
238:for developing tourism on the River
234:and some of the early ships used by
2720:Swan Hunter & Wigham Richardson
2239:John Elder and Co at Grace's Guide
2169:Johnston, Ian; Buxton, Ian (2013).
2043:
2001:
718:Further decline and nationalization
600:Northumberland Shipbuilding Company
13:
3327:1968 disestablishments in Scotland
2211:. John Smit and Son, Glasgow: 560.
2141:
2054:"Heritage 1973 Govan Shipbuilders"
1971:"Government's shipbuilding crisis"
1889:National Monuments Record of Wales
582:was built for the yard in 1911 by
497:donated to the people of Govan as
14:
3368:
2227:
1885:"Chepstow National Shipyard No.1"
1268:S/S Tarzi Nevin (Bosphorus No.47)
501:, dedicated to her late husband.
445:Stoomvaart Maatschappij Nederland
251:Millwright Randolph & Elliott
3272:British Shipbuilders Corporation
2295:
1313:S/S Anadolu Kavağı (Yard No:805)
1292:S/S Sarayburnu (Bosphorus No.65)
730:in 1972, which was itself later
688:. It became known as the famous
607:National Shipbuilders Securities
421:. Holt succeeded in getting the
331:Pacific Steam Navigation Company
27:
3337:1834 establishments in Scotland
2786:A&P Appledore International
2188:Macquorn Rankine, W.J. (1871).
2115:
2076:
2064:
2027:"What do you know about Govan?"
2019:
1994:Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)
1981:
1963:
1954:
1933:
1877:
1835:
1813:
1681:
1659:
1328:S/S Turan Emeksiz (Yard No:810)
3060:British Hovercraft Corporation
2938:Fairfield Sh'b. & Eng. Co.
1301:S/S Altinkum (Bosphorus No.74)
1295:S/S Bogazici (Bosphorus No.66)
1271:S/S Dilnisin (Bosphorus No.48)
765:
522:James Pittendrigh Macgillivray
1:
3302:Defunct companies of Scotland
2961:Charles Connell & Company
2610:Hawthorn Leslie & Company
2222:. Blackie & Son, Glasgow.
2056:. BAE Systems. Archived from
2011:. BAE Systems. Archived from
1718:University of Glasgow website
1483:
1286:S/S Tarabya (Bosphorus No.57)
1280:S/S Sureyya (Bosphorus No.51)
1277:P/S Seyyale (Bosphorus No.50)
16:Scottish shipbuilding company
2992:Alexander Stephen & Sons
2619:Caledon Sh'b. & Eng. Co.
2148:Payne, Peter Lester (1967).
476:with engines by John Elder.
261:William Fairbairn & Sons
7:
3322:Marine engine manufacturers
2828:Cammell Laird & Company
2702:Scotts Sh'b. & Eng. Co.
2123:"HMS Worcestershire (F 29)"
1475:side which competed in the
1413:Canadian Pacific Steamships
1402:
1304:S/S Kuzguncuk (Yard No:802)
1298:S/S Halas (Bosphorus No.71)
1289:S/S Nimet (Bosphorus No.58)
1283:S/S Sihap (Bosphorus No.52)
811:action of 22 September 1914
758:in 1999 and is now part of
742:The shipyard as part of BAE
584:Sir William Arrol & Co.
310:was turned by two opposite
85:Merged with others to form
10:
3373:
3264:
3079:
3077:
3067:
3058:
2983:
2952:
2950:
2914:
2868:
2826:
2812:
2807:
2803:
2800:William Doxford & Sons
2798:
2777:
2772:
2758:
2753:
2749:
2730:
2674:
2672:
2667:
2660:
2652:Ailsa Shipbuilding Company
2650:
2643:
2638:
2623:Robb Caledon Shipbuilding
2608:
2244:Fairfield Heritage Project
1909:Daly, Sarah (4 May 2011).
1274:P/S Hale (Bosphorus No.49)
793:
588:Category B listed building
3357:Former submarine builders
3065:
3056:
3049:
3025:
3018:
3011:
3004:
2997:
2990:
2978:
2973:
2969:
2964:
2959:
2945:
2941:
2936:
2931:BAE Systems Surface Ships
2912:
2907:
2897:
2892:
2885:
2875:
2873:
2870:Vickers Ltd. Shipbuilding
2863:
2856:
2851:
2846:
2841:
2838:
2831:
2819:
2814:
2765:
2760:
2744:
2737:
2718:
2707:
2700:
2681:
2655:
2634:
2629:
2625:
2617:
2613:
2423:
2294:
2292:
1322:S/S Harbiye (Yard No:808)
1319:S/S İnkılap (Yard No:807)
1307:S/S Kanlıca (Yard No:803)
1221:II (John Elder & Co.)
1212:II (John Elder & Co.)
1127:Empress of Britain (1905)
962:Torpedo boat destroyers:
760:BAE Systems Surface Ships
711:The Bowler and the Bunnet
684:who was also chairman of
674:BAE Systems Surface Ships
518:Charles Rennie Mackintosh
516:, with help from a young
490:Fairfield Heritage Centre
412:African Steamship Company
159:
137:
113:
102:
92:
81:
73:
65:
57:Randolph, Elliott and Co.
53:
43:
35:
26:
3237:
3234:
3231:
3228:
3225:
3222:
3219:
3216:
3213:
3210:
3207:
3204:
3201:
3198:
3195:
3192:
3189:
3186:
3183:
3180:
3177:
3174:
3171:
3168:
3165:
3162:
3159:
3156:
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3150:
3147:
3144:
3141:
3138:
3135:
3132:
3129:
3126:
3123:
3120:
3117:
3114:
3111:
3108:
3105:
3102:
3099:
3096:
3093:
3090:
3087:
3084:
2975:John Brown & Company
2921:BAE Surf. Flt. Solutions
2904:Upper Clyde Shipbuilders
2821:Babcock Marine Appledore
2774:Austin & Pickersgill
2746:John Readhead & Sons
2601:
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2460:
2457:
2454:
2451:
2448:
1364:Union Castle Line – RMS
1316:S/S Ataköy (Yard No:806)
1310:S/S Pendik (Yard No:804)
1203:I (John Elder & Co.)
724:Upper Clyde Shipbuilders
392:Maudslay, Sons and Field
87:Upper Clyde Shipbuilders
3027:JI Thornycroft & Co
2781:North East Shipbuilders
1989:"Parliamentary debates"
1669:. University of Glasgow
1515:. University of Glasgow
1333:Clyde paddle steamers:
696:and the application of
664:Fairfield (Glasgow) Ltd
560:Coventry Ordnance Works
59:Randolph, Elder and Co.
2887:BAE Systems Submarines
2809:Appledore Shipbuilders
2755:Hall Russell & Co.
1255:(John Elder & Co.)
1230:(John Elder & Co.)
1162:(John Elder & Co.)
1159:Koning der Nederlanden
1066:(John Elder & Co.)
788:
754:. The yard passed to
677:
632:Subsidiary of Lithgows
626:National Shipyard No.1
493:
474:HMS Hydra was launched
2877:Marconi Marine (VSEL)
2709:Greenock Dockyard Co.
2676:Ferguson Shipbuilders
2154:. London: Routledge.
1941:"Cabinet Papers 1965"
1843:"5: dorothy rowntree"
1600:Macquorn Rankine 1871
1588:Macquorn Rankine 1871
1549:Macquorn Rankine 1871
773:
698:scientific management
671:
573:University of Glasgow
487:
398:Starts to build ships
133:Sir Alexander Kennedy
3352:British Shipbuilders
3013:Simons & Lobnitz
2980:Marathon (Clydebank)
2916:Marconi Marine (YSL)
2216:Mayer, John (1876).
1473:association football
1358:Marchioness of Lorne
800:adding missing items
736:British Shipbuilders
694:industrial relations
690:Fairfield Experiment
682:Iain Maxwell Stewart
61:John Elder & Co.
3080:Griffon Hovercraft
2640:Harland & Wolff
2085:, The Glasgow Story
1871:"Alexander Kennedy"
1689:"John Elder and Co"
1028:Aircraft carriers:
708:in his documentary
700:methods to improve
564:Yarrow Shipbuilders
562:joint venture with
514:Honeyman and Keppie
23:
3039:Vosper Thornycroft
3032:Vosper Thornycroft
3006:A. & J. Inglis
2999:W Denny & Bros
2882:BAE Systems Marine
2865:Vickers-Armstrongs
2848:A&P Shiprepair
2201:"Obituary Notices"
1911:"Building Bridges"
1513:"Charles Randolph"
1479:from 1877 to 1882)
1429:Empress of Ireland
1421:Empress of Britain
1135:Empress of Ireland
789:
756:BAE Systems Marine
750:group and renamed
734:and subsumed into
728:Govan Shipbuilders
678:
553:Alexander Cleghorn
494:
410:was built for the
388:John Penn and Sons
296:marine engineering
126:Sir William Pearce
97:Govan Shipbuilders
21:
3284:
3283:
3279:
3278:
3072:Griffon Hoverwork
2926:BVT Surface Fleet
2725:Swan Hunter Group
2669:Ferguson Brothers
2662:Ailsa & Perth
2385:
2384:
2284:Shipyards of the
2180:978-1-59114-027-6
2161:978-0-7146-1349-9
1977:. 1 January 2002.
1948:National Archives
1847:Magnificent Women
1808:Isle of Man Times
1791:Isle of Man Times
1776:, pp. 57–58.
1453:Empress of Canada
1445:Empress of Russia
1370:Gloucester Castle
1366:Gloucester Castle
1049:Passenger ships:
508:were designed by
212:-winning sisters
180:, was a Scottish
174:
173:
130:Sir James Lithgow
3364:
3275:
3267:
2966:Scotstoun Marine
2894:Yarrow & Co.
2739:Smith's Dock Co.
2426:
2425:
2412:
2405:
2398:
2389:
2388:
2299:
2278:
2271:
2264:
2255:
2254:
2223:
2212:
2195:
2184:
2165:
2135:
2134:
2132:
2130:
2119:
2113:
2112:
2110:
2108:
2097:
2086:
2080:
2074:
2068:
2062:
2061:
2050:
2041:
2040:
2035:. Archived from
2023:
2017:
2016:
2005:
1999:
1998:
1985:
1979:
1978:
1967:
1961:
1958:
1952:
1951:
1945:
1937:
1931:
1930:
1928:
1926:
1921:on 20 April 2013
1917:. Archived from
1906:
1900:
1899:
1897:
1895:
1881:
1875:
1874:
1867:
1858:
1857:
1855:
1853:
1839:
1833:
1832:
1817:
1811:
1805:
1794:
1788:
1777:
1771:
1765:
1759:
1753:
1747:
1741:
1735:
1729:
1728:
1726:
1724:
1710:
1701:
1700:
1698:
1696:
1685:
1679:
1678:
1676:
1674:
1663:
1657:
1651:
1642:
1636:
1630:
1624:
1615:
1609:
1603:
1597:
1591:
1585:
1579:
1573:
1564:
1558:
1552:
1546:
1540:
1534:
1525:
1524:
1522:
1520:
1509:
1500:
1494:
1461:Empress of Japan
1218:Prins van Oranje
847:Battlecruisers:
804:reliable sources
785:-class Destroyer
569:Dorothy Rowntree
206:Canadian Pacific
119:Charles Randolph
31:
24:
20:
3372:
3371:
3367:
3366:
3365:
3363:
3362:
3361:
3287:
3286:
3285:
3280:
3268:
3265:
3051:Vosper & Co
2899:Y'w. Sh'b. Ltd.
2658:Ferguson Ailsa
2419:
2416:
2386:
2381:
2380:
2379:
2374:
2369:
2364:
2359:
2354:
2349:
2344:
2339:
2334:
2329:
2324:
2319:
2314:
2309:
2304:
2288:
2282:
2230:
2181:
2162:
2144:
2142:Further reading
2139:
2138:
2128:
2126:
2121:
2120:
2116:
2106:
2104:
2099:
2098:
2089:
2081:
2077:
2069:
2065:
2060:on 26 May 2010.
2052:
2051:
2044:
2039:on 5 July 2008.
2025:
2024:
2020:
2015:on 26 May 2010.
2007:
2006:
2002:
1987:
1986:
1982:
1969:
1968:
1964:
1959:
1955:
1943:
1939:
1938:
1934:
1924:
1922:
1915:Chepstow Review
1907:
1903:
1893:
1891:
1883:
1882:
1878:
1869:
1868:
1861:
1851:
1849:
1841:
1840:
1836:
1819:
1818:
1814:
1806:
1797:
1789:
1780:
1772:
1768:
1760:
1756:
1748:
1744:
1736:
1732:
1722:
1720:
1712:
1711:
1704:
1694:
1692:
1691:. Grace's Guide
1687:
1686:
1682:
1672:
1670:
1665:
1664:
1660:
1652:
1645:
1637:
1633:
1625:
1618:
1610:
1606:
1598:
1594:
1586:
1582:
1574:
1567:
1559:
1555:
1547:
1543:
1535:
1528:
1518:
1516:
1511:
1510:
1503:
1495:
1491:
1486:
1469:John Elder F.C.
1437:Empress of Asia
1405:
1227:Stirling Castle
807:
768:
744:
720:
666:
634:
596:
580:Fairfield Titan
506:Drawing Offices
482:
432:
408:Macgregor Laird
400:
370:2.7 lbs/ihp/h,
366:2.5 lbs/ihp/h,
288:
253:
248:
184:company in the
166:
152:
148:
144:
132:
128:
124:
120:
116:
60:
58:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3370:
3360:
3359:
3354:
3349:
3344:
3339:
3334:
3329:
3324:
3319:
3314:
3309:
3304:
3299:
3282:
3281:
3277:
3276:
3262:
3261:
3258:
3255:
3252:
3249:
3246:
3242:
3241:
3239:
3236:
3233:
3230:
3227:
3224:
3221:
3218:
3215:
3212:
3209:
3206:
3203:
3200:
3197:
3194:
3191:
3188:
3185:
3182:
3179:
3176:
3173:
3170:
3167:
3164:
3161:
3158:
3155:
3152:
3149:
3146:
3143:
3140:
3137:
3134:
3131:
3128:
3125:
3122:
3119:
3116:
3113:
3110:
3107:
3104:
3101:
3098:
3095:
3092:
3089:
3086:
3082:
3081:
3078:
3075:
3074:
3069:
3066:
3063:
3062:
3057:
3054:
3053:
3047:
3046:
3041:
3036:
3034:
3029:
3023:
3022:
3016:
3015:
3009:
3008:
3002:
3001:
2995:
2994:
2988:
2987:
2982:
2977:
2971:
2970:
2968:
2963:
2957:
2956:
2954:Kvaerner Govan
2951:
2949:
2944:
2942:
2940:
2934:
2933:
2928:
2923:
2918:
2913:
2911:
2906:
2901:
2896:
2890:
2889:
2884:
2879:
2874:
2872:
2867:
2861:
2860:
2855:
2850:
2845:
2840:
2837:
2832:
2830:
2824:
2823:
2818:
2813:
2811:
2805:
2804:
2802:
2796:
2795:
2793:
2788:
2783:
2778:
2776:
2770:
2769:
2764:
2759:
2757:
2751:
2750:
2748:
2742:
2741:
2735:
2734:
2729:
2727:
2722:
2716:
2715:
2713:
2711:
2705:
2704:
2698:
2697:
2692:
2690:
2685:
2679:
2678:
2673:
2671:
2665:
2664:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2648:
2647:
2642:
2636:
2635:
2633:
2627:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2615:
2614:
2612:
2606:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2597:
2594:
2591:
2588:
2585:
2582:
2579:
2576:
2573:
2570:
2567:
2564:
2561:
2558:
2555:
2552:
2549:
2546:
2543:
2540:
2537:
2534:
2531:
2528:
2525:
2522:
2519:
2516:
2513:
2510:
2507:
2504:
2501:
2498:
2495:
2492:
2489:
2486:
2483:
2480:
2477:
2474:
2471:
2468:
2465:
2462:
2459:
2456:
2453:
2450:
2446:
2445:
2442:
2439:
2436:
2433:
2430:
2424:
2421:
2420:
2415:
2414:
2407:
2400:
2392:
2383:
2382:
2375:
2370:
2365:
2360:
2355:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2335:
2330:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2293:
2290:
2289:
2281:
2280:
2273:
2266:
2258:
2252:
2251:
2246:
2241:
2236:
2229:
2228:External links
2226:
2225:
2224:
2213:
2196:
2185:
2179:
2166:
2160:
2143:
2140:
2137:
2136:
2114:
2087:
2075:
2063:
2042:
2018:
2000:
1997:. 4 June 1971.
1980:
1962:
1953:
1932:
1901:
1876:
1859:
1834:
1812:
1795:
1778:
1766:
1754:
1742:
1740:, p. 162.
1730:
1702:
1680:
1658:
1656:, p. 161.
1643:
1641:, p. 160.
1631:
1629:, p. 158.
1616:
1614:, p. 157.
1604:
1592:
1580:
1578:, p. 156.
1565:
1563:, p. 155.
1553:
1541:
1539:, p. 561.
1526:
1501:
1499:, p. 560.
1488:
1487:
1485:
1482:
1481:
1480:
1466:
1465:
1464:
1456:
1448:
1440:
1432:
1424:
1404:
1401:
1400:
1399:
1398:
1397:
1386:
1385:
1384:
1373:
1362:
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1360:
1354:
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1342:
1331:
1330:
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1326:
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1320:
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1314:
1311:
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1305:
1302:
1299:
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1293:
1290:
1287:
1284:
1281:
1278:
1275:
1272:
1269:
1263:
1262:
1261:
1259:Worcestershire
1256:
1247:
1239:
1231:
1222:
1213:
1204:
1195:
1187:
1179:
1171:
1168:Leicestershire
1163:
1154:
1146:
1138:
1130:
1122:
1114:
1106:
1099:
1091:
1083:
1074:
1067:
1058:
1047:
1046:
1045:
1037:
1026:
1025:
1024:
1016:
1008:
1000:
992:
984:
973:
972:
971:
960:
959:
958:
950:
942:
934:
923:
922:
921:
914:
903:
902:
901:
893:
885:
874:
873:
872:
864:
856:
767:
764:
752:Kvaerner Govan
743:
740:
719:
716:
686:Thermotank Ltd
665:
662:
633:
630:
595:
592:
481:
478:
454:City of London
437:William Pearce
431:
428:
423:Board of Trade
399:
396:
287:
284:
252:
249:
247:
244:
208:, such as the
172:
171:
163:
157:
156:
154:Marine engines
146:Merchant ships
139:
135:
134:
117:
114:
111:
110:
109:, Scotland, UK
104:
100:
99:
94:
90:
89:
83:
79:
78:
75:
71:
70:
67:
63:
62:
55:
51:
50:
45:
41:
40:
39:Public company
37:
33:
32:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3369:
3358:
3355:
3353:
3350:
3348:
3345:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3315:
3313:
3310:
3308:
3305:
3303:
3300:
3298:
3295:
3294:
3292:
3274:
3273:
3263:
3243:
3240:
3083:
3076:
3073:
3064:
3061:
3055:
3052:
3048:
3045:
3040:
3033:
3028:
3024:
3021:
3020:Barclay Curle
3017:
3014:
3010:
3007:
3003:
3000:
2996:
2993:
2989:
2986:
2981:
2976:
2972:
2967:
2962:
2958:
2955:
2948:
2939:
2935:
2932:
2927:
2922:
2917:
2910:
2905:
2900:
2895:
2891:
2888:
2883:
2878:
2871:
2866:
2862:
2859:
2854:
2849:
2844:
2843:Cammell Laird
2836:
2829:
2825:
2822:
2817:
2816:DML Appledore
2810:
2806:
2801:
2797:
2792:
2791:A&P Group
2787:
2782:
2775:
2771:
2768:
2763:
2756:
2752:
2747:
2743:
2740:
2736:
2733:
2726:
2721:
2717:
2710:
2706:
2703:
2699:
2696:
2695:Scott Lithgow
2689:
2688:Scott Lithgow
2684:
2680:
2677:
2670:
2666:
2663:
2653:
2649:
2646:
2641:
2637:
2632:
2628:
2620:
2616:
2611:
2607:
2604:
2447:
2427:
2422:
2413:
2408:
2406:
2401:
2399:
2394:
2393:
2390:
2378:
2373:
2368:
2363:
2358:
2353:
2348:
2343:
2342:Barclay Curle
2338:
2333:
2328:
2323:
2318:
2313:
2308:
2303:
2298:
2291:
2287:
2279:
2274:
2272:
2267:
2265:
2260:
2259:
2256:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2231:
2221:
2220:
2214:
2210:
2206:
2202:
2197:
2193:
2192:
2186:
2182:
2176:
2172:
2167:
2163:
2157:
2153:
2152:
2146:
2145:
2124:
2118:
2102:
2101:"Anchor Line"
2096:
2094:
2092:
2084:
2079:
2072:
2067:
2059:
2055:
2049:
2047:
2038:
2034:
2033:
2032:Evening Times
2028:
2022:
2014:
2010:
2004:
1996:
1995:
1990:
1984:
1976:
1972:
1966:
1957:
1949:
1942:
1936:
1920:
1916:
1912:
1905:
1890:
1886:
1880:
1872:
1866:
1864:
1848:
1844:
1838:
1830:
1826:
1822:
1816:
1809:
1804:
1802:
1800:
1792:
1787:
1785:
1783:
1775:
1770:
1764:, p. 58.
1763:
1758:
1752:, p. 57.
1751:
1746:
1739:
1734:
1719:
1715:
1709:
1707:
1690:
1684:
1668:
1662:
1655:
1650:
1648:
1640:
1635:
1628:
1623:
1621:
1613:
1608:
1602:, p. 38.
1601:
1596:
1590:, p. 20.
1589:
1584:
1577:
1572:
1570:
1562:
1557:
1550:
1545:
1538:
1533:
1531:
1514:
1508:
1506:
1498:
1493:
1489:
1478:
1474:
1470:
1467:
1463:
1462:
1457:
1455:
1454:
1449:
1447:
1446:
1441:
1439:
1438:
1433:
1431:
1430:
1425:
1423:
1422:
1417:
1416:
1414:
1410:
1407:
1406:
1396:
1395:
1390:
1389:
1387:
1383:
1382:
1377:
1376:
1374:
1372:31 March 1917
1371:
1367:
1363:
1359:
1355:
1353:
1349:
1347:
1343:
1341:
1340:
1335:
1334:
1332:
1327:
1324:
1321:
1318:
1315:
1312:
1309:
1306:
1303:
1300:
1297:
1294:
1291:
1288:
1285:
1282:
1279:
1276:
1273:
1270:
1267:
1266:
1264:
1260:
1257:
1254:
1253:
1248:
1246:
1245:
1240:
1238:
1237:
1232:
1229:
1228:
1223:
1220:
1219:
1214:
1211:
1210:
1209:Prins Hendrik
1205:
1202:
1201:
1200:Prins Hendrik
1196:
1194:
1193:
1188:
1186:
1185:
1180:
1178:
1177:
1172:
1170:
1169:
1164:
1161:
1160:
1155:
1153:
1152:
1147:
1145:
1144:
1143:Empress Queen
1139:
1137:
1136:
1131:
1129:
1128:
1123:
1121:
1120:
1115:
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2105:. Retrieved
2103:. ssMaritime
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2058:the original
2037:the original
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2013:the original
2003:
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1667:"John Elder"
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1544:
1517:. Retrieved
1492:
1477:Scottish Cup
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1409:Ocean liners
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702:productivity
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188:area on the
182:shipbuilding
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150:Ocean liners
103:Headquarters
48:Shipbuilding
36:Company type
18:
3297:River Clyde
2947:Govan Sh'b.
2732:Swan Hunter
2125:. uboat.net
2107:1 September
1925:24 February
1894:24 February
1388:Icebreaker
975:Submarines
861:New Zealand
853:Indomitable
766:Ships built
658:Mabey Group
650:Anchor Line
510:John Keppie
419:Alfred Holt
335:Crimean War
236:Thomas Cook
210:Blue Riband
202:Cunard Line
170:(1935–1965)
142:Naval ships
54:Predecessor
3291:Categories
3068:Hoverwork
2839:Coastline
2631:Henry Robb
2362:John Brown
1774:Payne 1967
1762:Payne 1967
1750:Payne 1967
1738:Mayer 1876
1654:Mayer 1876
1639:Mayer 1876
1627:Mayer 1876
1612:Mayer 1876
1576:Mayer 1876
1561:Mayer 1876
1484:References
1381:Santa Cruz
1252:Willem III
1055:Assiniboia
1034:Implacable
968:Parramatta
966:HMAS
905:Cruisers:
794:This is a
646:insolvency
499:Elder Park
372:Valparaiso
352:James Watt
343:Valparaiso
308:crankshaft
292:John Elder
265:millwright
198:Royal Navy
194:Fairfields
122:John Elder
115:Key people
2372:Beardmore
2347:Henderson
2322:Fairfield
1852:4 January
1459:RMS
1451:RMS
1443:RMS
1435:RMS
1427:RMS
1419:RMS
1392:CGS
1242:TEV
1190:RMS
1174:RMS
1141:RMS
1133:RMS
1125:RMS
1119:Circassia
1117:RMS
1109:RMS
1079:Caledonia
1077:RMS
1040:HMS
1032:HMS
1019:HMS
1011:HMS
1003:HMS
995:HMS
987:HMS
979:HMS
947:Goldfinch
945:HMS
937:HMS
929:HMS
911:Liverpool
909:HMS
896:HMS
888:HMS
880:HMS
867:HMS
859:HMS
851:HMS
815:HMS
775:HMS
738:in 1977.
622:River Wye
544:RMS
537:HMS
269:Tradeston
259:, and at
93:Successor
3044:VT Group
2683:Lithgows
2317:Stephens
2307:Lithgows
2302:Ferguson
1975:BBC News
1403:See also
1375:Tankers
1337:PS
1250:SS
1236:Volturno
1234:SS
1225:SS
1216:SS
1207:SS
1198:SS
1184:Montrose
1157:SS
1151:Keewatin
1149:SS
1103:Cheshire
1088:Campania
1086:SS
1061:SS
1053:SS
931:Cameleon
638:Lithgows
618:Chepstow
539:Argonaut
458:Ban Righ
443:GBP and
435:and Sir
232:Istanbul
228:Bosporus
216:Campania
168:Lithgows
138:Products
44:Industry
2767:A&P
2367:Lobnitz
2337:Connell
2327:H&W
1873:. 2004.
1471:(works
1394:Stanley
1346:Jupiter
1192:Orontes
1176:Lucania
1111:Cilicia
1071:Athenia
1063:Arizona
1042:Theseus
918:Norfolk
890:Valiant
841:Aboukir
777:Delight
748:Kværner
648:of the
620:on the
466:Moselle
376:Admiral
356:Admiral
324:Brandon
316:Brandon
304:Brandon
273:Glasgow
223:Lucania
74:Defunct
66:Founded
3260:2010s
3257:2000s
3254:1990s
3251:1980s
3248:1970s
3245:1960s
2444:2010s
2441:2000s
2438:1990s
2435:1980s
2432:1970s
2429:1960s
2352:Inglis
2332:Yarrow
2312:Scotts
2177:
2158:
2129:10 May
1244:Wahine
869:Renown
833:Cressy
783:Daring
470:Iberia
368:Callao
360:Callao
312:cranks
161:Parent
3317:Govan
2377:Seath
2357:Denny
2286:Clyde
1944:(PDF)
1723:5 May
1695:5 May
1673:5 May
1519:5 May
955:Maori
939:Comet
817:Hogue
802:with
533:acres
462:Tagus
404:No 14
190:Clyde
186:Govan
107:Govan
2858:CLSS
2853:NWSL
2835:VSEL
2175:ISBN
2156:ISBN
2131:2021
2109:2022
1927:2012
1896:2012
1854:2023
1725:2020
1697:2020
1675:2020
1521:2020
1411:for
1379:ARA
1352:Juno
953:HMS
898:Howe
839:HMS
831:HMS
780:, a
578:The
556:FRSE
542:and
464:and
456:and
390:and
374:and
364:Inca
347:Inca
341:and
339:Inca
329:The
240:Nile
221:RMS
219:and
214:RMS
204:and
176:The
82:Fate
77:1968
69:1834
3266:BSC
2909:YSL
1356:PS
1350:PS
1344:PS
1182:SS
1166:SS
1094:PS
1021:L56
1013:L55
1005:L16
997:L15
989:K14
981:K13
827:).
824:U-9
822:SM
640:of
512:of
320:ihp
277:cog
3293::
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2203:.
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2029:.
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1973:.
1946:.
1913:.
1887:.
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1829:20
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1415::
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242:.
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2111:.
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1856:.
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