World Chess Championship

626: 2585: 2532: 1559: 1675: 1735: 2110: 1746: 3468: 2071:, thus making him the World Chess Champion. Because Anand's World Chess Champion title was won in a tournament rather than a match, a minority of commentators questioned the validity of his title. Kramnik also made ambiguous comments about the value of Anand's title, but did not claim the title himself then. (In a 2015 interview Kramnik dated the loss of his world championship title to his 2008 match against Anand rather than the 2007 tournament, and he likewise did not contradict an interviewer who dated it thus in a 2019 interview.) Subsequent world championship matches returned to the format of a match between the champion and a challenger. 3461: 2444: 791:(7–2, 2 draws). In 1858–59 Morphy played matches against several leading players, beating them all. This prompted some commentators at the time to call him the world champion: Gabriel-Éloy Doazan, who knew Morphy, wrote that "one can and...must place in the same bracket" as Deschapelles and La Bourdonnais, who he had played years before, and that "his superiority is as obvious as theirs". But when Morphy returned to America in 1859, he abruptly retired from chess, though many considered him the world champion until his death in 1884. His sudden withdrawal from chess at his peak led to his being known as "the pride and sorrow of chess". 2432: 869:

champion. There is also no known evidence of Steinitz being called the world champion after defeating Anderssen in 1866. It has been suggested that Steinitz could not make such a claim while Morphy was alive (Morphy died in 1884). There are a number of references to Steinitz as world champion in the 1870s, the earliest being after the first Zukertort match in 1872. Later, in 1879, it was argued that Zukertort was world champion, since Morphy and Steinitz were not active. However, later in his career, at least from 1887, Steinitz dated his reign from this 1866 match, and early sources such as the New York Times in 1894,

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or delayed challenges for the title. Between 1888 and 1948 various difficulties that arose in match negotiations led players to try to define agreed rules for matches, including the frequency of matches, how much or how little say the champion had in the conditions for a title match and what the stakes and division of the purse should be. However these attempts were unsuccessful in practice, as the same issues continued to delay or prevent challenges. There was an attempt by an external organization to manage the world championship from 1887 to 1889, but this experiment was not repeated until 1948.

2049: 3757: 3213: 2470: 3148: 2184: 2814: 5843:(September 1927) for FIDE's decision to await the result of the Capablanca–Alekhine match; the minutes of FIDE's 1928 congress for the adoption of the forthcoming 1928 Bologjubow–Euwe match as being for the "FIDE championship" and its congratulations to the winner, Bologjubow; the minutes of FIDE's 1928 congress for Alekhine's agreement and his exception for Capablanca; a resolution of 1928 for the attempt to arrange an Alekhine-Bogoljubow match; subsequent FIDE minutes for the non-occurrence of the match (under FIDE); and the vanishing of the title "Champion of FIDE". 1067: 4220:"A History of Chess", H. J. R. Murray, p. 878: "It was, however, generally accepted that Deschapelles was the strongest player of his time, and Sarratt appears to have acquiesced in this opinion, although there was apparently no stronger reason for it than the fact that the general standard of French chess had been higher than that of English chess in the end of the eighteenth century. The result of Lewis's visit was to show that there was very little, if any, difference in strength between Deschapelles and himself." 4039: 2506: 3725: 3693: 3597: 3533: 3332: 3292: 3252: 3220: 2481: 3661: 3629: 2802: 2776: 2642: 1984: 2557: 2750: 784:, the best player of Germany": von der Lasa was unable to attend the 1851 tournament, though he was invited. In 1851, Anderssen lost a match to von der Lasa; in 1856, George Walker wrote that " and Anderssen are decidedly the two best in the known world". Von der Lasa did not compete in tournaments or formal matches because of the demands of his diplomatic career, but his games show that he was one of the world's best then: he won series of games against Staunton in 1844 and 1853. 1589: 3853: 1999: 1078: 696: 7929: 2998: 1954: 3885: 7939: 3789: 3021: 1659: 40: 2975: 1574: 1093:

defend his title within one year of receiving a challenge from a recognized master; the champion would decide the date of the match; the champion was not obliged to accept a challenge for a purse of less than US$ 10,000 (about $ 170,000 in current terms); 20% of the purse was to be paid to the title holder, and the remainder being divided, 60% going to the winner of the match, and 40% to the loser; the highest purse bid must be accepted.

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help that the Soviet Union had long refused to join FIDE, and by this time it was clear that about half the credible contenders were Soviet citizens. But, realizing that it could not afford to be excluded from discussions about the vacant world championship, the Soviet Union sent a telegram in 1947 apologizing for the absence of Soviet representatives and requesting that the USSR be represented on future FIDE Committees.

1403: 681: 3070: 2919: 2863: 3396: 1325: 3096: 2952: 1969: 4128:

not know how well acquainted Philidor was with Greco's games. He didn't have a high opinion of them, because Greco 'achieved the win in his games often in a risky way and only thanks to mistakes made by the opponent, without ever drawing the attention of the reader to these errors on both sides.' But as we will shortly see, one might argue that Philidor himself was even more outstanding at this 'technique'.

1643:, who was head of the Soviet team, confirmed in 2002 that Petrosian, Geller and Keres arranged to draw all their games in order to save their energy for games against non-Soviet players. Korchnoi, who defected from the USSR in 1976, never confirmed that he was forced to throw games. FIDE responded by changing the format of future Candidates Tournaments to eliminate the possibility of collusion. 711: 2025: 9719: 4025: 1049:, Lasker insisted on a similar clause that if Lasker should resign the title after a date had been set for the match, Capablanca should become world champion. On 27 June 1920 Lasker abdicated in favor of Capablanca because of public criticism of the terms of the match, naming Capablanca as his successor. Some commentators questioned Lasker's right to name his successor; 1204:; about half would be distributed to the winner's backers, and the winner would receive the larger share of the remainder (the loser's backers got nothing). The players had to meet their own travel, accommodation, food and other expenses out of their shares of the purse. This system evolved out of the wagering of small stakes on club games in the early 19th century. 1473:, along with whoever lost the previous title match and the second-placed competitor in the previous Candidates Tournament three years earlier; and the winner of the Candidates played a title match against the champion. Until 1962 inclusive the Candidates Tournament was a multi-cycle round-robin tournament – how and why it was changed are described below. 1718:

games, except that if the score reached 9–9 he should remain champion. He argued that this was more advantageous to the challenger than the champion's advantage under the existing system, where the champion retained the title if the match was tied at 12–12 including draws. Eventually FIDE deposed Fischer and crowned Karpov as the new champion.

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number of championship wins is identical, the number of wins at undisputed championships, the number of years as undisputed champion, the number of years as champion are used as tie-breakers (in that order). If all numbers are the same, the players are listed by year of first victory at world championships (in chronological order).

5400:; Capablanca's letter of 20 December 1911 to Lasker, stating his objections to Lasker's proposal; Lasker's letter to Capablanca, breaking off negotiations; Lasker's letter of 27 April 1921 to Alberto Ponce of the Havana Chess Club, proposing to resign the 1921 match; and Ponce's reply, accepting the resignation. 666: 1864:. Shirov won the match, but negotiations for a Kasparov–Shirov match broke down, and Shirov was subsequently omitted from negotiations, much to his disgust. Plans for a 1999 or 2000 Kasparov–Anand match also broke down, and Kasparov organised a match with Kramnik in late 2000. In a major upset, Kramnik 2278:

tournament. Since 2023, the Grand Prix has been replaced by the FIDE Circuit, making many more tournaments (not only those organised by FIDE) contribute towards Candidates qualification. In addition, a small number of players sometimes qualify directly for the Candidates either by finishing highly in

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Until 1948, world championship contests were arranged privately between the players. As a result, the players also had to arrange the funding, in the form of stakes provided by enthusiasts who wished to bet on one of the players. In the early 20th century this was sometimes an obstacle that prevented

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Beginning with the 2014 Championship cycle, the World Championship has followed a 2-year cycle: qualification for the Candidates in the odd year, the Candidates tournament early in the even year, and the World Championship match later in the even year. This and the next two cycles resulted in Carlsen

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won the right to challenge Fischer in 1975. Fischer objected to the "best of 24 games" championship match format that had been used from 1951 onwards, claiming that it would encourage whoever got an early lead to play for draws. Instead he demanded that the match should be won by whoever first won 10

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because problems with money and travel so soon after the end of World War II prevented many countries from sending representatives. The shortage of clear information resulted in otherwise responsible magazines publishing rumors and speculation, which only made the situation more confusing. It did not

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agreed to place future matches for the world title under the auspices of FIDE, except that he would only play Capablanca under the same conditions that governed their match in 1927. Although FIDE wished to set up a match between Alekhine and Bogoljubow, it made little progress and the title "Champion

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It's reassuring to see that even FIDÉ now subscribes to the canonical view of who has and who has not been world champion. By openly conceding that the Chinese Grandmaster Ding Liren is the 17th champion, FIDÉ have confirmed that the true line of succession is Kasparov (13th champion), Kramnik (14),

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did not take place until late 2004 (it was drawn, so Kramnik retained his title). Meanwhile, FIDE never managed to organise a Kasparov match, either with 2002 FIDE champion Ponomariov, or 2004 FIDE champion Kasimdzhanov. Kasparov's frustration at the situation played a part in his decision to retire

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Up to and including the 1894 Steinitz–Lasker match, both players, with their backers, generally contributed equally to the purse, following the custom of important matches in the 19th century before there was a generally recognized world champion. For example: the stakes were £100 a side in both the

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and, in addition to making severe financial demands, proposed some novel conditions: the match should be considered drawn if neither player finished with a two-game lead; and it should have a maximum of 30 games, but finish if either player won six games and had a two-game lead (previous matches had

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The table below organises the world champions in order of championship wins. A successful defense counts as a win for the purposes of this table, even if the match is drawn. The table is made more complicated by the split between the "Classical" and FIDE world titles between 1993 and 2006. If total

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games were used to resolve ties at the end of each round, a format which some felt did not necessarily recognize the highest-quality play: Kasparov refused to participate in these events, as did Kramnik after he won the Classical title in 2000. In the first of these events, in 1998, champion Karpov

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accepted this maneuver and interpreted the rules very flexibly to enable Fischer to play, as he thought it important for the health and reputation of the game that Fischer should have the opportunity to challenge for the title as soon as possible. Fischer crushed all opposition and won the right to

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was replaced by a series of elimination matches. Initially the quarter-finals and semi-finals were best of 10 games, and the final was best of 12. Fischer, however, refused to take part in the 1966 cycle, and dropped out of the 1969 cycle after a controversy at 1967 Interzonal in Sousse. Both these

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The proposals which led to the 1948 Championship Tournament also specified the procedure by which challengers for the World Championship would be selected in a three-year cycle: countries affiliated to FIDE would send players to Zonal Tournaments (the number varied depending on how many good enough

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to Capablanca then FIDE's decision should be followed and Capablanca would have to play Flohr in 1940. Most chess writers and players strongly supported the Dutch super-tournament proposal and opposed the committee processes favored by FIDE. While this confusion went unresolved: Euwe lost his title

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Most books on the history of chess make a leap of a century after Greco and go directly to the Frenchman François André Danican Philidor (1726-1795). Although a few things happened in-between, he was the next player considered to stand head and shoulders above his contemporaries. ... However, I do

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reunification match between Topalov and Kramnik was held in late 2006. After much controversy, it was won by Kramnik. Kramnik thus became the first unified and undisputed World Chess Champion since Kasparov split from FIDE to form the PCA in 1993. This match, and all subsequent championships, have

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While negotiating his 1937 World Championship rematch with Alekhine, Euwe proposed that if he retained the title FIDE should manage the nomination of future challengers and the conduct of championship matches. FIDE had been trying since 1935 to introduce rules on how to select challengers, and its

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Following the controversies surrounding his 1921 match against Lasker, in 1922 world champion Capablanca proposed the "London Rules": the first player to win six games would win the match; playing sessions would be limited to 5 hours; the time limit would be 40 moves in 2½ hours; the champion must

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started work on drawing up regulations for the future conduct of world championship contests. Steinitz supported this endeavor, as he thought he was becoming too old to remain world champion. The proposal evolved through many forms (as Steinitz pointed out, such a project had never been undertaken

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retrospectively awarded the title of first world chess champion to Anderssen for his victory, but there is no evidence that he was widely acclaimed as such at the time, and no mention of such a status afterwards in the tournament book by Staunton. Indeed, Staunton's tournament book calls Anderssen

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in the finals, thereby earning the right to challenge Kasparov for the title. However, before the match took place, both Kasparov and Short complained of FIDE's mishandling of the prize pool in organizing the match, corruption in the leadership, and FIDE's failure to abide by their own rules, and

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Immediately after winning, Alekhine announced that he was willing to grant Capablanca a return match provided Capablanca met the requirements of the "London Rules". Negotiations dragged on for several years, often breaking down when agreement seemed in sight. Alekhine easily won two title matches

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Following the Steinitz–Zukertort match, a tradition continued of the world championship being decided by a match between the reigning champion, and a challenger: if a player thought he was strong enough, he (or his friends) would find financial backing for a match purse and challenge the reigning

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After the breakdown of his first attempt to negotiate a title match against Lasker (1911), Capablanca drafted rules for the conduct of future challenges, which were agreed to by the other top players at the 1914 Saint Petersburg tournament, including Lasker, and approved at the Mannheim Congress

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raised the same objection but welcomed Lasker's resignation of the title. Capablanca argued that, if the champion abdicated, the title must go to the challenger, as any other arrangement would be unfair to the challenger. Lasker later agreed to play a match against Capablanca in 1921, announcing

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The FIDE system followed its 1948 design through five cycles: 1948–1951, 1951–1954, 1954–1957, 1957–1960 and 1960–1963. The first two world championships under this system were drawn 12–12 – Botvinnik-Bronstein in 1951 and Botvinnik-Smyslov in 1954 – so Botvinnik retained the title both times.

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in the late 19th century, no chess player seriously claimed to be champion of the world. The phrase was used by some chess writers to describe other players of their day, and the status of being the best at the time has sometimes been awarded in retrospect, going back to the early 17th-century

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players each country had); the players who gained the top places in these would compete in an Interzonal Tournament (later split into two and then three tournaments as the number of countries and eligible players increased); the highest-placed players from the Interzonal would compete in the

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There is some debate over whether to date Steinitz's reign as world champion from his win over Anderssen in 1866, or from his win over Zukertort in 1886. The 1886 match was clearly agreed to be for the world championship, but there is no indication that Steinitz was regarded as the defending

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later that year. The main points were: the champion must be prepared to defend his title once a year; the match should be won by the first player to win six or eight games (the champion had the right to choose); and the stake should be at least £1,000 (about £120,000 in current terms).

649:, in 1843 is considered to have established Staunton as the world's strongest player, at least in England and France. By the 1830s, players from Germany and more generally Central Europe were beginning to appear on the scene: the strongest of the Berlin players around 1840 was probably 1925:) to choose his challenger. It was agreed that Kasparov would play the FIDE champion (Ponomariov) for the FIDE title, and the winner of that match would face the winner of the Kramnik–Leko match for the unified title. However, the matches proved difficult to finance and organise. The 737: 1038:

been won by the first to win a certain number of games, usually 10; in theory, such a match might go on for ever). Capablanca objected to the two-game lead clause; Lasker took offence at the terms in which Capablanca criticized the two-game lead condition and broke off negotiations.

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In the 1969–1972 cycle Fischer caused two more crises. He refused to play in the 1969 US Championship, which was a Zonal Tournament. This would have eliminated him from the 1969–1972 cycle, but Benko was persuaded to concede his place in the Interzonal to Fischer. FIDE President

1141:, but Alekhine overcame Capablanca's natural skill with his unmatched drive and extensive preparation (especially deep opening analysis, which became a hallmark of most future grandmasters). The aggressive Alekhine was helped by his tactical skill, which complicated the game. 435:. Steinitz won, becoming the first world champion. From 1886 to 1946, the champion set the terms, requiring any challenger to raise a sizable stake and defeat the champion in a match in order to become the new world champion. Following the death of reigning world champion 1232:

for £400 a side. Lasker introduced the practice of demanding that the challenger should provide the whole of the purse, and his successors followed his example up to World War II. This requirement made arranging world championship matches more difficult, for example:

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Regarding a possible "two-game lead" clause, Winter cites Capablanca's messages to Julius Finn and Norbert Lederer dated 15 October 1927, in which he proposed that, if the Buenos Aires match were drawn, the second match could be limited to 20 games. Winter cites

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had all challenged Capablanca in the early 1920s but only Alekhine could raise the US$ 10,000 Capablanca demanded and only in 1927. Capablanca was shockingly upset by the new challenger. Before the match, almost nobody gave Alekhine a chance against the dominant

605:. These were the first to be adequately reported, and they somewhat resemble the later world championship matches. Approximately 85 games (the true number is up for historical debate) were played, with La Bourdonnais winning a majority of the games. 1299:

FIDE's congresses in 1925 and 1926 expressed a desire to become involved in managing the world championship. FIDE was largely happy with the "London Rules", but claimed that the requirement for a purse of $ 10,000 was impracticable and called upon

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by a convincing 3-point margin, ahead of nearly every leading player in the world, with Steinitz finishing second. This tournament established Steinitz and Zukertort as the best two players in the world, and led to a match between these two, the

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Soon after the 2021 match, Carlsen indicated that he would not defend the title again. This was confirmed in an announcement by FIDE on 20 July 2022. As a consequence, the top two finishers of the Candidates Tournament, Ian Nepomniachtchi and

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Fischer privately maintained that he was still World Champion. He went into seclusion and did not play chess in public again until 1992, when Spassky agreed to participate in an unofficial rematch for the World Championship. Fischer won the

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that made the normal procedure impossible. The situation was very confused, with many respected players and commentators offering different solutions. FIDE found it very difficult to organize the early discussions on how to resolve the

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in Astana, Kazakhstan, from 7 April to 30 April 2023. Ding won, making him the first World Chess Champion from China. FIDE referred to Ding as the "17th World Champion"; thus the "Classical" line of Champions during the split has been

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Après Deschapelles et Labourdonnais, il m'a été donné de voir un jeune homme que l'on peut et que l'on doit placer sur la même ligne. Sa supériorité est aussi évidente que la leur. Elle est aussi incontestable et se révèle de la même

829:, which was the strongest that had been held to date (Anderssen came first, and won twice against Steinitz). Steinitz confirmed his standing as the world's leading player by winning the London 1872 tournament, winning a match against 1531:, on the grounds that it would reduce Soviet dominance of the tournament. Averbakh claimed that this was to Botvinnik's advantage as it reduced the number of Soviet players he might have to meet in the title match. Botvinnik lost to 960:, was prepared to play Steinitz for the title in New York, so this match was played in 1890–1891 and was won by Steinitz. The experiment was not repeated, and Steinitz's later matches were private arrangements between the players. 5012:

J.I. Minchin, the editor of the tournament book, wrote, "Dr. Zukertort at present holds the honoured post of champion, but only a match can settle the position of these rival monarchs of the Chess realm." J.I. Minchin (editor),

1825:(PCA), under whose auspices they held their match. In response, FIDE stripped Kasparov of his title and held a championship match between Karpov and Timman. For the first time in history, there were two World Chess Champions: 1882:

was seeded directly into the final, but he later had to qualify alongside the other players. Karpov defended his title in the first of these championships in 1998, but resigned his title in protest at the new rules in 1999.

622:(who was probably Walker) wrote, "Will Gaul continue the dynasty by placing a fourth Frenchman on the throne of the world? the three last chess chiefs having been successively Philidor, Deschapelles, and De La Bourdonnais." 1669:

meeting FIDE officials in 1972. His reign as World Champion ended, for a short time, 24 years of Soviet domination of the World Championship. After becoming World Champion, Fischer did not play competitive chess for 20

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Meanwhile, FIDE had decided to scrap the Interzonal and Candidates system, instead having a large knockout event in which a large number of players contested short matches against each other over just a few weeks (see

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as the official challenger. Euwe then declared that: if he retained his title against Alekhine he was prepared to meet Flohr in 1940 but he reserved the right to arrange a title match either in 1938 or 1939 with

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After becoming world champion by default, Karpov confirmed his worthiness for the title with a string of tournament successes from the mid 70s to the early 80s. He defended his title twice against ex-Soviet

1425:. The AVRO tournament had brought together the eight players who were, by general acclamation, the best players in the world at the time. Two of the participants at AVRO – Alekhine and former world champion 1752:

defeated Karpov to become the 13th World Champion, was undisputed World Champion from 1985 to 1993, and held the split title until 2000. He holds a record of 255 months as the world's highest-rated player.

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with two wins, thirteen draws, and no losses. At the time the championship was called the Braingames World Chess Championship, but Kramnik later referred to himself as the Classical World Chess Champion.

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FIDE and the PCA each held a championship cycle in 1993–1996, with many of the same challengers playing in both. Kasparov and Karpov both won their respective cycles. In the PCA cycle, Kasparov defeated

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Soon after the 1995 championship, the PCA folded, and Kasparov had no organisation to choose his next challenger. In 1998 he formed the World Chess Council, which organised a candidates match between

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between eight of the leading players in the world. However Kramnik insisted that his title be decided in a match, and declined to participate. The tournament was convincingly won by the Bulgarian

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Winter cites: Resolution XI of the 1926 FIDE Congress, regarding the "London Rules"; page 5 of the 1926 Congress' minutes about the initial decision to set up an "official championship of FIDE";

1699:. After agreeing to play in Yugoslavia, Fischer raised a series of objections and Iceland was the final venue. Even then Fischer raised difficulties, mainly over money. It took a phone call from 952:

tied for first place; their play-off resulted in four draws; and neither wanted to play a match against Steinitz – Chigorin had just lost to him, and Weiss wanted to get back to his work for the

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is a tournament to choose the challenger. Over the years it has varied in size (between 8 and 16 players) and in format (a tournament, a set of matches, or a combination of the two). Since the

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included a clause that, if Lasker should resign the title after a date had been set for the match, Rubinstein should become world champion. When he resumed negotiations with Capablanca after

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to come to an agreement with the leading masters to revise the Rules. In 1926 FIDE decided in principle to create a title of "Champion of FIDE" and, in 1928, adopted the forthcoming 1928

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proposed that a super-tournament (AVRO) of ex-champions and rising stars should be held to select the next challenger. FIDE rejected this proposal and at their second attempt nominated

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Many modern commentators divide Steinitz's reign into an "unofficial" one from 1866 to 1886, and an "official" one after 1886. By this reckoning, the first World Championship match was

6618: 1084:, who played dynamic and imaginative chess, was World Champion from 1927 to 1935 and again from 1937 to his death in 1946. He is the only World Champion to die while holding the title. 1340:

various proposals favored selection by some sort of committee. While they were debating procedures in 1937 and Alekhine and Euwe were preparing for their rematch later that year, the

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in the world and had won a string of major tournaments after losing his title in 2000 – ensured even more confusion over who was World Champion. In May 2002, American grandmaster

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became World Champion after Fischer refused to defend his title. He was world champion from 1975 to 1985, and FIDE World Champion from 1993 to 1999 when the world title was split.

6843: 574:) and gave public demonstrations of his blindfold chess skills. However, some of Philidor's contemporaries were not convinced by the analysis Philidor gave in his book (e.g. the 6337: 1713:

An unbroken line of FIDE champions had thus been established from 1948 to 1972, with each champion gaining his title by beating the previous incumbent. This came to an end when

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in 1960 but won the return match in 1961. Thus Smyslov and Tal each held the world title for a year, but Botvinnik was world champion for rest of the time from 1948 to 1963.

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The following two championships had special clauses arising from the 2006 unification. Kramnik was given the right to challenge for the title he lost in a tournament in the

657:. The earliest recorded use of the term "World Champion" was in 1845, when Staunton was described as "the Chess Champion of England, or ... the Champion of the World". 990:

was the World Champion for 27 years consecutively from 1894 to 1921, the longest reign of a World Champion. During that period, he played seven World Championship matches.

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in 1821 suggests that they were on par. After Deschapelles and Lewis withdrew from play, the strongest players from France and England respectively were recognised as

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narrowly defeated Anderssen in a match (8–6, 0 draws). However, he was not immediately able to conclusively demonstrate his superiority. Steinitz placed third at the

10895: 597:. La Bourdonnais visited England in 1825, where he played many games against Lewis and won most of them, and defeated all the other English masters despite offering 9988: 6808: 1784:, whose aggressive tactical style was in sharp contrast to Karpov's positional style. The two of them fought five incredibly close world championship matches, the 2078:, which Anand won. Then Topalov, who as the loser of the 2006 match was excluded from the 2007 championship, was seeded directly into the Candidates final of the 10703: 1921:

led the organisation of the so-called "Prague Agreement" to reunite the world championship. Kramnik had organised a candidates tournament (won later in 2002 by

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were also playing at a comparable standard to Anderssen in the 1860s: Anderssen narrowly won a match against Kolisch in 1861, and drew against Paulsen in 1862.

12454: 1804:(again narrowly won by Kasparov, 12½–11½). In the five matches Kasparov and Karpov played 144 games with 104 draws, 21 wins by Kasparov and 19 wins by Karpov. 7366: 6644: 1015: 106: 794:

After Morphy's retirement from chess, Anderssen was again regarded as the world's strongest active player, a reputation he reinforced by winning the strong

12263: 7200: 771:, which was the first international chess tournament, organized by Staunton. It was played as a series of matches, and was won convincingly by the German 11834: 7370: 7256: 1033:

Lasker's negotiations for title matches from 1911 onwards were extremely controversial. In 1911, he received a challenge for a world title match against

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There were many variations during the world title split between 1993 and 2006. FIDE determined the championship by a single knockout tournament between

11800: 9978: 9761: 8270: 4052: 5826: 5518: 5332: 4727: 1527:. A defeated champion would have the right to a return match. FIDE also limited the number of players from the same country that could compete in the 11178: 10752: 10068: 7912: 7907: 6588: 6877: 5082: 11838: 10732: 9968: 5245: 10133: 5483: 11285: 10698: 10031: 6350: 5626: 5175: 6314: 549:

The game of chess in its modern form emerged in Spain in the 15th century, though rule variations persisted until the late 19th century. Before

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broke away from FIDE, which led to a rival claimant to the title of World Champion for the next thirteen years. The titles were unified at the

6410: 466:, the championship has settled on a two-year cycle, with championships occurring every even year. The 2020 and 2022 matches were postponed to 12268: 10212: 9973: 6614: 6505: 6428: 5157: 2101:

won the Candidates. Anand won the championship match again, in tie breaking rapid games, for his fourth consecutive world championship win.

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world championship was not held, as the champion (Fischer) refused to defend his title; his challenger (Karpov) became champion by default.

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agreed in principle to a world championship match, but this was never played as Rubinstein could not raise the money. In the early 1920s,

971:. Tarrasch had the better tournament results at the time, but it was Lasker who was able to raise the money to challenge Steinitz. Lasker 12258: 12088: 11775: 11770: 11089: 10772: 9963: 6693: 5709: 4640: 12203: 11869: 11044: 10555: 10488: 10237: 9918: 9499: 7071: 6946: 6831: 6327: 6086: 5426: 4057: 1627:

publicly alleged that the Soviets had colluded to prevent any non-Soviet – specifically him – from winning. He claimed that Petrosian,

5600: 4599: 1132:, although there has been speculation that the actual contract might have included a "two-game lead" clause. Alekhine, Rubinstein and 941: 12148: 11879: 10560: 10341: 10197: 10078: 9873: 6856:

Ding Liren made history by becoming the 17th World Champion in chess, defeating Ian Nepomniachtchi in the final game of the tiebreaks

2384:

world championship was played between the top two finishers of the Candidates, as the champion (Carlsen) refused to defend his title.

745:, who won three strong international tournaments and is often considered the world's leading player around the mid-nineteenth century 11750: 5858: 4814: 4764: 4474: 4148: 1176:. World War II temporarily prevented any further world title matches, and Alekhine remained world champion until his death in 1946. 12213: 12083: 11976: 11432: 11290: 10639: 10483: 9913: 9883: 9056: 6269: 5892: 5264: 6912: 6185: 5735: 5215: 4111:

Hendriks, Willy (2020). "1. Footnotes to Greco; 2. The Nimzowitsch of the 17th century; 3. With a little help from the opponent".

2124:

has been an 8-player double round robin tournament, with the winner playing a match against the champion for the title. Norwegian

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The eventual solution was very similar to FIDE's initial proposal and to a proposal put forward by the Soviet Union (authored by

1370:

placed second and Capablanca and Flohr in the bottom places; and the outbreak of World War II in 1939 cut short the controversy.

612:

wrote "The sceptre of chess, in Europe, has been for the last century, at least, wielded by a Gallic dynasty. It has passed from

510: 266: 261: 17: 10718: 4384: 1558: 701: 12396: 12233: 12193: 12041: 11981: 11961: 11914: 11874: 11864: 11710: 11509: 11409: 11263: 10880: 10590: 10585: 10539: 9754: 9494: 7553: 7354: 7336: 7190: 7133: 1213: 646: 634: 616:

to La Bourdonnais, through the grasp, successively, of Philidor, Bernard, Carlier , and Deschapelles". In 1840, a columnist in

221: 91: 76: 6364: 4078: 1073:

reigned as World Champion from 1921 to 1927. He proposed the short-lived "London Rules" for future World Championship matches.

12449: 11993: 11931: 11684: 11457: 11449: 11339: 10807: 10757: 10725: 10602: 10567: 10547: 10501: 10377: 10289: 10244: 10123: 10118: 10108: 9489: 7222: 7128: 6978: 4706: 4120: 1830: 998:, and then did not defend his title for ten years, before playing four title defences in four years. He comfortably defeated 5799: 1826: 12340: 12273: 12068: 12053: 12031: 11795: 11780: 11689: 11273: 10885: 10693: 10493: 10382: 10093: 10088: 9856: 9046: 7281: 7195: 6745: 6239: 6156: 6008: 2600: 1388: 1379: 671: 567: 6383: 6212: 6063: 5949: 5919: 4959: 1734: 12248: 12180: 12173: 11909: 11657: 11367: 10860: 10662: 10471: 10419: 10336: 9434: 9297: 9287: 9051: 7872: 7860: 7855: 7850: 7838: 7833: 7828: 7823: 6991: 6800: 5128: 4413: 4346: 3923: 2243:

Zonal tournaments: different regional tournaments to qualify for the following stage. Qualifiers from zonals play in the

1674: 486: 33: 2167:, and caused the next match to be postponed from 2020 to 2021. Carlsen again successfully defended his title, defeating 2093:, had short knock-out matches for the Candidates Tournament. This format was not popular with everyone, and world No. 1 12444: 12305: 12168: 12138: 12103: 12078: 11607: 11522: 11502: 11487: 11424: 11332: 11183: 11029: 11024: 10842: 10624: 10577: 10534: 10513: 10463: 10284: 10279: 10207: 9933: 9781: 9572: 9042: 9037: 7932: 7698: 7688: 7678: 7668: 7658: 7648: 7644: 7242: 7148: 7138: 2374: 2367: 2352: 2348: 2344: 2252: 2248: 2064: 1934: 1907: 1899: 1891: 1887: 1874: 1850: 760:, who dominated all of his opposition during his brief chess career before retiring from chess at the age of 21 in 1859 594: 306: 296: 8365: 6475: 6120: 12382: 12354: 12143: 12108: 11760: 11627: 11243: 11188: 11136: 11106: 11101: 10974: 10782: 10762: 10737: 10644: 10597: 10369: 10348: 10301: 10294: 10266: 10217: 9747: 9509: 9409: 9302: 9272: 7892: 7276: 7207: 7143: 7084: 7026: 6291: 5677: 5594: 5274: 5052: 4987: 4679: 4630: 4593: 4565: 4528: 4504: 4451: 4302: 4272: 4238: 3985: 2394: 1853:. Negotiations were held for a reunification match between Kasparov and Karpov in 1996–97, but nothing came of them. 1842: 826: 534: 522: 53: 10713: 2109: 12073: 12026: 11884: 11849: 11537: 11517: 11497: 11477: 11195: 11116: 11014: 10991: 10959: 10792: 10767: 10427: 10311: 10271: 10155: 9888: 9479: 9469: 9387: 9277: 8027: 8022: 7897: 7165: 7153: 7051: 7006: 3995: 3945: 2275: 1723: 1700: 775:, including a 4–1 semi-final win over Staunton. This established Anderssen as the world's leading player. In 1893, 514: 6640: 1745: 1523:

alleged were instigated by the two Soviet representatives in FIDE, who were personal friends of reigning champion

12243: 12198: 12153: 12058: 11966: 11953: 11742: 11725: 11720: 11587: 11544: 11529: 11111: 10817: 10787: 10529: 10432: 9903: 9464: 9454: 7975: 7887: 7877: 7185: 7123: 7106: 7101: 7046: 7036: 3940: 3928: 1387:

died in 1946 before anyone else could win against him in match for the World Champion title. This resulted in an

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cycles, a rule existed which allowed the champion a rematch if he lost the championship match, leading to the

12093: 12011: 11815: 11735: 11574: 11148: 11131: 11034: 10979: 10902: 10865: 10353: 10316: 10026: 9953: 9898: 9841: 9594: 9504: 9439: 9020: 8782: 8333: 7796: 7790: 7781: 7771: 7767: 7763: 7759: 7755: 7745: 7741: 7737: 7733: 7723: 7640: 7601: 7571: 7567: 7563: 7559: 7543: 7539: 7534: 7523: 7513: 7503: 7499: 7489: 7479: 7469: 7459: 7449: 7445: 7441: 7418: 7408: 7398: 7394: 7390: 7380: 7362: 7358: 7350: 7340: 7332: 7328: 7111: 7056: 5453: 2381: 2337: 2330: 2326: 2322: 2318: 2314: 2310: 2295: 2233: 2209: 2200: 2172: 2153: 2145: 2137: 2129: 2090: 2079: 2075: 2060: 2036: 1801: 1797: 1793: 1789: 1785: 1774: 1766: 1682: 1618: 1614: 1610: 1547: 1506: 1502: 1498: 1494: 1490: 1486: 1482: 1422: 1318: 1229: 1193: 1185: 1173: 1161: 1154: 1150: 1129: 1055: 1011: 1003: 999: 995: 972: 929: 925: 917: 901: 877: 862: 479: 471: 467: 463: 456: 448: 444: 424: 413: 384: 377: 371: 366: 361: 356: 351: 346: 341: 336: 331: 326: 321: 311: 301: 291: 286: 281: 276: 256: 251: 241: 236: 231: 226: 216: 211: 206: 201: 196: 191: 186: 181: 176: 171: 166: 161: 156: 151: 141: 136: 131: 126: 121: 116: 101: 96: 86: 81: 71: 66: 6777: 570:

was "supposed to be the best Chess-player in the world". Philidor wrote an extremely successful chess book (

443:(the International Chess Federation) took over administration of the World Championship, beginning with the 11941: 11936: 11894: 11805: 11569: 11439: 11402: 11392: 11207: 11126: 11084: 11069: 11064: 11059: 10629: 10508: 10232: 10175: 10150: 10145: 10113: 10063: 10013: 8858: 8338: 6725: 5822: 5514: 5328: 4723: 4398: 1341: 857: 849: 845: 834: 795: 768: 609: 586: 2031:

defeated Garry Kasparov in 2000, and then became the undisputed world champion by beating Topalov in 2006.

1816:

broke the domination of Kasparov and Karpov by defeating Karpov in the candidates semi-finals followed by

1433:

in which the other six participants at AVRO would play four games against each other. These players were:

12319: 11986: 11715: 11482: 11414: 11382: 11258: 10912: 10875: 10414: 10397: 10259: 10162: 10103: 10018: 9948: 9878: 9608: 9557: 9267: 7902: 7297: 7016: 6869: 5071: 4005: 1200:: either the challenger or both players, with the assistance of financial backers, would contribute to a 853: 814: 518: 6933: 5238: 844:

Apart from the Blackburne match, Steinitz played no competitive chess between the Vienna tournaments of

12312: 12238: 12163: 11642: 11397: 11222: 11160: 10964: 10922: 10847: 10822: 10802: 10476: 10389: 10249: 10140: 9681: 9659: 9567: 9552: 9216: 9168: 9163: 9153: 8821: 8499: 8343: 7180: 7079: 6033: 5971: 5545: 5479: 5185: 2239:

Since 1948, the world championship has mainly operated on a two or three-year cycle, with four stages:

2164: 1461:, so only five players competed. Botvinnik won convincingly and thus became world champion, ending the 1275: 900:

dominated chess from 1866 to 1894. Some commentators date his time as World Champion from 1866; others

447:. From 1948 to 1993, FIDE organized a set of tournaments to choose a new challenger every three years. 12018: 6666: 5765: 5622: 12298: 12128: 12118: 11019: 10917: 10907: 10669: 10649: 10170: 9866: 9851: 9821: 9613: 9547: 9397: 9292: 9141: 7384: 7118: 7001: 5580: 5161: 4579: 4411:

Crescendo of the Virtuoso: Spectacle, Skill, and Self-Promotion in Paris during the Age of Revolution

3569: 2498: 2183: 1426: 1350: 1301: 1250: 1070: 1034: 776: 5683: 5379: 1054:

that, if he won, he would resign the title so that younger masters could compete for it. Capablanca

12423: 12389: 11854: 11559: 11357: 11074: 10969: 10654: 10634: 10224: 9589: 9562: 9126: 8519: 8514: 8471: 8370: 7096: 6403: 4691: 2063:

in Mexico. This was an 8-player double round robin tournament, the same format as was used for the

1253:, but only Alekhine was able to raise the US$ 10,000 that Capablanca demanded, and not until 1927. 11901: 8205: 12403: 12123: 11602: 11327: 11049: 10409: 10056: 9698: 9228: 8893: 7158: 7091: 6502: 6425: 4857: 4786: 4463:

The Earl of Mexborough's speech to the meeting of Yorkshire Chess Clubs, as reported in the 1845

2024: 1913:

By 2002, not only were there two rival champions, but Kasparov's strong results – he had the top

1707: 936: 838: 590: 12006: 8239: 994:

Lasker held the title from 1894 to 1921, the longest reign (27 years) of any champion. He won a

11946: 11785: 11617: 11592: 9940: 9836: 9282: 9211: 8509: 8355: 8260: 8105: 8037: 1647: 1430: 686: 582: 1933:

Soon after, FIDE dropped the short knockout format for a World Championship and announced the

12001: 11472: 11372: 11096: 9414: 9337: 9223: 8923: 8918: 8605: 8328: 8287: 8069: 7312: 5705: 2589: 2536: 2291: 2121: 1528: 1470: 945: 6667:"The World Chess Championship comes to New York City 11—30 November 2016 | World Chess" 6090: 5888: 5422: 1655:, who lost the title match to Petrosian in 1966, but won and became world champion in 1969. 585:

was the strongest player of the time, though three games between him and the English player

11622: 11248: 11200: 10329: 9800: 9131: 9068: 9027: 8988: 8770: 8760: 8690: 8504: 8435: 8360: 8245: 8044: 5739: 5392:

This cites: a report of Lasker's concerns about the location and duration of the match, in

4009: 2208:

legitimised over the FIDE line by FIDE itself. The next world championship will be held in

1234: 953: 781: 618: 485:

Though the world championship is open to all players, there are separate championships for

2262:

Candidates qualification tournaments. From 1948 to 1993, the only such tournament was the

1710:

to persuade him to play. After a few more traumatic moments Fischer won the match 12½–8½.

8: 12361: 12280: 11579: 11344: 11168: 11153: 10812: 10306: 9816: 9579: 9359: 9111: 8998: 8968: 8938: 8910: 8883: 8826: 8727: 8695: 8655: 8610: 8323: 8265: 8140: 8088: 8083: 8010: 7968: 7692: 7662: 5854: 4810: 4761: 4470: 4144: 3857: 3825: 2990: 2934: 1989: 1959: 1938: 1903: 1883: 1516: 1114: 948:. The tournament was duly played, but the outcome was not quite as planned: Chigorin and 9121: 6261: 4193: 1429:– had died; but FIDE decided that the championship should be awarded to the winner of a 852:. During that time, Zukertort emerged as the world's leading active player, winning the 12333: 11173: 10984: 9861: 9770: 9686: 9584: 9327: 9136: 8777: 8665: 8628: 8277: 8145: 7422: 7402: 6925:(the 14th World Chess Champion) shares his views on the first 13 World Chess Champions. 6462:

Most likely I finally felt liberated after losing the World Championship title in 2008.

6296: 5207: 3433: 2577: 2524: 2284: 2274:, a series of tournaments restricted to the top 20 or so players in the world; and the 2229: 2168: 1384: 1332: 1313: 1242: 1237:

challenged Lasker in 1904 but could not raise the money until 1907; in 1911 Lasker and

1225: 1201: 1125: 1094: 1081: 830: 554: 436: 432: 409: 6517: 2048: 1066: 12188: 12063: 11554: 11387: 11212: 10777: 10448: 9669: 9542: 9354: 9312: 9243: 9195: 9178: 9158: 9010: 8948: 8888: 8863: 8710: 8675: 8670: 8650: 8638: 8481: 8449: 8415: 8395: 8232: 8226: 8187: 8054: 7938: 7749: 7682: 7672: 7493: 7473: 7453: 6391: 5979: 5673: 5590: 5270: 5048: 4983: 4937: 4912: 4887: 4675: 4626: 4589: 4561: 4524: 4500: 4447: 4372: 4268: 4234: 4116: 3793: 3400: 3336: 3088: 2967: 2944: 2703: 2675: 2634: 2280: 2160: 2068: 2052: 1974: 1895: 1838: 1524: 1414: 1406: 1280:

Attempts to form an international chess federation were made at the time of the 1914

1102: 1007: 964: 613: 475: 11679: 6938: 12375: 11830: 11006: 10005: 9664: 9537: 9379: 9322: 9233: 9183: 9032: 8978: 8973: 8963: 8878: 8799: 8789: 8765: 8732: 8304: 8218: 7992: 7727: 7623: 7507: 7344: 6922: 6332: 4772: 3537: 3504: 3472: 3062: 2881: 2716: 2424: 2377:

world championship was determined by an eight-player tournament instead of a match.

2028: 1861: 1594: 1543: 1453:

from the United States. However, FIDE soon accepted a Soviet request to substitute

1450: 1246: 1238: 1221: 1197: 1133: 1110: 1042: 913: 897: 810: 575: 550: 428: 6536: 6181: 5540: 4703: 1041:

Further controversy arose when, in 1912, Lasker's terms for a proposed match with

12326: 11705: 11669: 11664: 11637: 11362: 9629: 9603: 9424: 9419: 9369: 9307: 9116: 9091: 9076: 8873: 8831: 8814: 8715: 8633: 8595: 8573: 8558: 8489: 8466: 8425: 8420: 8299: 8282: 8122: 7702: 7302: 7292: 6752: 6729: 6524: 6509: 6432: 6414: 6387: 6368: 6145: 5791: 5787: 5648: 5357: 5027: 4963: 4843: 4768: 4710: 4544: 4430: 4417: 4319: 4170: 3889: 3460: 3013: 2485: 2437: 2271: 2267: 2256: 2149: 2141: 2004: 1942: 1918: 1758: 1703: 1636: 1418: 1359: 1305: 1217: 1209: 1146: 1098: 1019: 957: 921: 772: 742: 716: 654: 642: 630: 562:(the first player where complete games survive). Richard Lambe, in his 1764 book 559: 8898: 8809: 6235: 6149: 6001: 4038: 1106: 12368: 10996: 9811: 9791: 9728: 9644: 9392: 9238: 9101: 9096: 8933: 8928: 8794: 8752: 8722: 8551: 8494: 8382: 8350: 8316: 8309: 8294: 8255: 8250: 8177: 8172: 8017: 7961: 7813: 7775: 7652: 7609: 7575: 7547: 7463: 7374: 6996: 6906: 6380: 6361: 6208: 6059: 5941: 5915: 4956: 3975: 3697: 3368: 3303: 3263: 3224: 3114: 2911: 2855: 2794: 2768: 2660: 2462: 2125: 2113: 2094: 2055:

held the FIDE title from 2000 to 2002, and the unified title from 2007 to 2013.

1781: 1749: 1738: 1714: 1564: 1532: 1454: 1281: 1189: 1023: 987: 968: 870: 822: 818: 803: 598: 452: 417: 6915:– Contains the results, and also some commentary by an amateur chess historian 5132: 4410: 4339: 1292:

Tournaments. On 20 July 1924 the participants at the Paris tournament founded

1022:, although the exact conditions of this match are a mystery. He then defeated 787:

Anderssen was himself decisively beaten in an 1858 match against the American

581:

In the early 19th century, it was generally considered that the French player

12438: 11564: 11549: 11297: 9703: 9693: 9676: 9349: 9332: 9259: 9148: 9106: 9086: 8868: 8850: 8841: 8804: 8737: 8660: 8645: 8600: 8583: 8578: 8568: 8400: 8162: 8100: 7527: 7517: 6407: 5584: 5154: 5040: 5000: 4583: 3633: 3628: 3601: 3467: 2755: 2742: 2729: 2474: 2449: 2098: 1857: 1696: 1678: 1662: 1652: 1640: 1624: 1520: 799: 650: 7234: 5266:

The Steinitz Papers: Letters and Documents of the First World Chess Champion

4079:"World Chess Championship 2021: Decisively decided? • The Tulane Hullabaloo" 2156:. Both the 2016 and 2018 defences were decided by tie-break in rapid games. 11444: 10616: 10051: 9723: 9649: 9634: 9364: 9190: 9173: 9081: 9015: 8958: 8953: 8685: 8680: 8620: 8563: 8454: 8410: 8182: 8167: 8157: 8093: 8059: 8032: 8000: 7942: 6301: 6113: 4044: 4030: 3724: 3692: 3596: 3532: 3331: 3291: 3251: 2807: 2781: 2647: 1983: 1788:(controversially terminated without result with Karpov leading +5 −3 =40), 1457:

for Flohr, and Fine dropped out in order to continue his degree studies in

1118: 6723:

Arkady Dvorkovich: The match for the chess crown will be postponed to 2021

6694:"Magnus Carlsen Beats Fabiano Caruana to win the World Chess Championship" 2355:; meanwhile, the Classical world championship had no qualifying stages in 1188:

world championship matches were financed by arrangements similar to those

10954: 10941: 9003: 8993: 8742: 8705: 8588: 8199: 8194: 8152: 8005: 7483: 6537:"Sofia R7: Topalov beats Kamsky, wins candidates match | Chess News" 6041: 5180: 4113:

On the Origin of Good Moves: A Skeptic's Guide to Getting Better at Chess

3729: 3660: 2830: 2688: 2562: 2083: 1945:, and negotiations began for a Kramnik–Topalov match to unify the title. 1846: 1813: 1628: 1579: 1536: 1446: 1367: 1169: 1046: 788: 757: 680: 6209:"World Chess Championship 1972 Fischer – Spassky Title Match:Highlights" 1588: 1077: 459:, and all subsequent matches have once again been administered by FIDE. 10932: 10834: 10679: 10041: 9639: 8700: 8536: 8526: 8459: 8443: 8135: 7785: 7307: 5370: 5368: 5366: 3852: 3761: 3140: 3003: 2263: 2244: 2196: 2187: 1998: 1922: 1914: 1878: 1817: 1632: 1458: 1442: 1438: 1373: 1363: 1345: 1289: 695: 405: 43: 9739: 8206: 5907: 1953: 665: 10949: 10324: 9654: 8983: 8943: 8546: 8541: 8430: 8405: 8130: 6928: 6756: 5995: 5993: 5509: 5507: 5239:"Steinitz—Chigorin, Havana 1899 – A World Championship Match or Not?" 5230: 3164: 1666: 1658: 1050: 949: 39: 9532: 5363: 5306: 2128:

won the 2013 Candidates and then convincingly defeated Anand in the

893: 10046: 9342: 8390: 7412: 6801:"Lacking Motivation, Magnus Carlsen Will Give Up World Chess Title" 3884: 3665: 3026: 2549: 2213: 1691: 1573: 1434: 1328: 1309: 1285: 1271: 1165: 478:; the next match will return to the normal schedule and be held in 5990: 5504: 4420:. Paul Metzner, Berkeley: University of California Press, c. 1998. 3037: 2298:

it has always been an eight-player, double round-robin tournament.

1515:

In 1956 FIDE introduced two apparently minor changes which Soviet

12290: 8064: 6769: 6491:

Your reign as champion ended with the 2008 defeat to Vishy Anand.

5473: 5471: 3788: 3219: 3212: 2980: 2480: 2469: 1402: 983: 944:

to select a challenger for Steinitz, rather like the more recent

751: 710: 420:, the previous world champion, had declined to defend his title. 6722: 6563:"FIDE World Chess Championship Match – Anand Retains the Title!" 6060:"Index of FIDE Events 1948–1990 : World Chess Championship" 5983: 5942:"Index of FIDE Events 1948–1990 : World Chess Championship" 5107: 5105: 5103: 4757: 4755: 4753: 4751: 4749: 4747: 4745: 4333: 4331: 1324: 1312:

match (won by Bogoljubow) as being for the "FIDE championship".

963:

Two young strong players emerged in late 1880s and early 1890s:

8531: 6138: 5846: 5066: 5064: 5015:

Games Played in the London International Chess Tournament, 1883

3820: 3817: 3721: 3689: 3593: 3529: 3499: 3496: 3428: 3363: 3328: 3298: 3288: 3258: 3248: 3127: 3075: 2924: 2868: 2819: 2301:

The championship match between the champion and the challenger.

2270:. However extra qualification events have also been added: the 1770: 1762: 1353:, who had lost the title to Alekhine in 1927; if Euwe lost his 689:, reputed to be the best player in the early nineteenth century 6770:"Statement by FIDE President on Magnus Carlsen's announcement" 6503:

Regulations for the 2007 – 2009 World Chess Championship Cycle

6182:"Fischer, outspoken ex-chess champion, dies of kidney failure" 5501:

30 November 1927 for Alekhine's conditions for a return match.

5468: 5416: 5414: 5412: 5410: 5408: 5406: 5321: 4716: 2366:

A one-off match to reunite the world championship was held in

1968: 1681:

played a World Championship match against Fischer, dubbed the

674:, reputed to be the best player of the late eighteenth century 7984: 6969: 5100: 4742: 4328: 3756: 3395: 3153: 3101: 2957: 2266:. Since 2005, the Interzonal has mainly been replaced by the 2212:, in which Ding will defend his title against the challenger 1542:

The return match clause was not in place for the 1963 cycle.

1354: 909:

world champion. If he won, he would become the new champion.

736: 704:, the world's strongest player from 1821 to his death in 1840 401: 6053: 6051: 5061: 1061: 880:, and Steinitz was the first official World Chess Champion. 719:, generally reckoned the world's leading player of the 1840s 8049: 7433: 6839: 6733: 6670: 6513: 6236:"World Chess Championship 1975: Fischer forfeits to Karpov" 5761: 5641: 5403: 5295: 4674:, Oxford University Press, 1992 (2nd edition), pp.216–217. 3564: 2511: 1293: 1267: 1138: 440: 423:

The first event recognized as a world championship was the

6328:"Many Fans Root For Rebels In Fight With Chess Federation" 5574: 5572: 1124:

The only match played under those rules was Capablanca vs

578:), and some more recent authors have echoed these doubts. 6048: 6032: 5814: 4571: 3625: 2236:

was a one-off tournament to decide a new world champion.

821:; he placed second at the Dundee 1867 tournament, behind 641:

After La Bourdonnais' death in December 1840, Englishman

9718: 7953: 5882: 5880: 5878: 5876: 5533: 4024: 888: 5569: 4637:

This can be viewed online at or downloaded as PDF from

3657: 2399: 912:

Steinitz successfully defended his world title against

6913:

Graeme Cree's World Chess Championship Page (archived)

6746:

BREAKING: Carlsen Might Only Defend Title Vs. Firouzja

6641:"Sochi G11: In dramatic finale, Carlsen retains title" 6476:"Vladimir Kramnik Interview: 'I'm Not Afraid To Lose'" 5780: 4982:, Oxford University Press, 1992 (2nd edition), p.459. 4560:, Oxford University Press, 1992 (2nd edition), p.263. 4499:, Oxford University Press, 1992 (2nd edition), p.390. 3849: 2831:

Classical (PCA/Braingames) world champions (1993–2006)

1535:

in 1957 but won the return match in 1958, and lost to

6968: 5873: 5698: 5615: 5441: 4523:, Oxford University Press, 1992 (2nd edition), p.15. 4446:, Oxford University Press, 1992 (2nd edition), p.44. 4233:, Oxford University Press, 1992 (2nd edition), p.56. 1930:

from chess in 2005, still ranked No. 1 in the world.

1409:

was the first World Champion under FIDE jurisdiction.

4305:

The exploits and triumphs, in Europe, of Paul Morphy

4020: 3881: 1374:

Birth of FIDE's World Championship cycle (1946–1948)

883: 27:

Competition to determine the World Champion in chess

6832:"Ding Liren makes history, becoming World Champion" 6002:"Yuri Averbakh: An Interview with History – Part 2" 3785: 3457: 3209: 2892: 2609: 2136:successfully defending his title: against Anand in 6447:"Vladimir Kramnik: "It turns out I'm 52, not 40!"" 5729: 5727: 4614: 4053:Comparison of top chess players throughout history 3914: 3425: 3360: 3165:World Champions by number of title match victories 1729: 1635:had prearranged to draw all their games, and that 1164:, Alekhine was unexpectedly defeated by the Dutch 873:in 1908, and Reuben Fine in 1952 all do the same. 6891:Anand (15), Carlsen (16) and now Ding Liren (17). 6589:"Magnus Carlsen wins FIDE Candidates' Tournament" 6078: 5579: 4578: 4267:. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul. p. 126. 3753: 3392: 2305:There have been a few exceptions to this system: 1800:(drawn 12–12, Kasparov retaining the title), and 1317:of FIDE" quietly vanished after Alekhine won the 12436: 5916:"World Chess Championship FIDE Events 1948–1990" 5017:, British Chess Magazine, 1973 (reprint), p.100. 4253:"A History of Chess", H. J. R. Murray, pp. 882–5 3561: 1937:, a double round robin tournament to be held in 5886: 5724: 5450:"The Mad Aussie's Chess Trivia – Archive No. 3" 5262: 3038:FIDE (reunified) world champions (2006–present) 2014: 1706:and a doubling of the prize money by financier 6870:"Shalom Alekhine: Ding joins the chess greats" 6739: 5647: 5147: 5116:. André Deutsch (now as paperback from Dover). 2325:matches. There were also one-off rematches in 501:. There are also chess world championships in 427:between the two leading players in the world, 12455:Recurring sporting events established in 1886 9755: 7969: 7264: 7250: 6954: 6934:The World Chess Championship by Edward Winter 6798: 5352: 5350: 4337: 4182:"A History of Chess", H. J. R. Murray, p. 870 1026:in the most one-sided title match in history 978: 539: 400:is played to determine the world champion in 6919:Kramnik Interview: From Steinitz to Kasparov 5999: 5786: 5515:"Jose Raul Capablanca: Online Chess Tribute" 5039: 4999:"The Centenary Match, Kasparov–Karpov III", 4811:"Paul Morphy: The Pride and Sorrow of Chess" 4539: 4537: 1646:Beginning in the next cycle, 1963–1966, the 1321:that he and Bogoljubow themselves arranged. 566:, wrote that the 18th-century French player 5754: 4515: 4513: 2247:(up to 1993), knockout world championship ( 2190:, the current World Champion (2023–present) 2086:). Anand again won the championship match. 46:of China, the current world champion (2023) 9762: 9748: 7976: 7962: 7257: 7243: 6961: 6947: 6929:Chessgames guide to the World Championship 6615:"World Championship Match – PRESS RELEASE" 5665: 5347: 5236: 5020: 4666: 4664: 4106: 4104: 4058:List of world championships in mind sports 2359:, and only a Candidates tournament in its 2059:Kramnik played to defend his title at the 1807: 1792:(in which Kasparov won the title, 13–11), 1604: 1476: 975:and succeeded Steinitz as world champion. 6325: 6087:"FIDE World Chess Championship 1948–1990" 6026: 4974: 4972: 4534: 4249: 4247: 4216: 4214: 1256: 1062:Capablanca, Alekhine and Euwe (1921–1946) 1014:. In 1910, he almost lost his title in a 645:'s match victory over another Frenchman, 6444: 5208:"Do You Know The World Chess Champions?" 5111: 5045:The Centenary Match, Kasparov–Karpov III 4931: 4906: 4881: 4838: 4836: 4834: 4832: 4808: 4638: 4620: 4510: 4262: 4110: 2598: 2182: 2108: 2047: 2023: 1780:He eventually lost his title in 1985 to 1744: 1733: 1673: 1657: 1401: 1323: 1076: 1065: 982: 892: 624: 38: 9769: 6144: 5447: 4855: 4849: 4661: 4397:Jeremy Spinrad believes the author was 4138: 4136: 4101: 4076: 3966:World Correspondence Chess Championship 2351:, and by an eight-player tournament in 1058:by four wins, ten draws and no losses. 629:A depiction of the chess match between 14: 12437: 6907:Mark Weeks' pages on the championships 6691: 6215:from the original on 25 September 2008 6111: 5852: 5820: 5477: 5423:"How Capablanca Became World Champion" 5153: 4969: 4784: 4471:"Early Uses of 'World Chess Champion'" 4317: 4287: 4244: 4211: 4191: 4163: 4145:"Early Uses of 'World Chess Champion'" 2178: 2104: 2019: 1261: 837:, and decisively winning a match over 647:Pierre Charles Fournier de Saint-Amant 9743: 7957: 7238: 6942: 6867: 6829: 6704:from the original on 28 November 2018 6647:from the original on 30 November 2014 6272:from the original on 21 February 2022 6242:from the original on 11 December 2008 6233: 6206: 6084: 6066:from the original on 1 September 2014 6057: 5952:from the original on 1 September 2014 5922:from the original on 1 September 2014 5913: 5802:from the original on 10 December 2008 5768:from the original on 14 November 2008 5557:from the original on 16 December 2008 5283:from the original on 30 December 2020 5218:from the original on 11 December 2021 5003:and David Goodman, Batsford 1986, p.9 4829: 4817:from the original on 27 December 2022 4477:from the original on 13 November 2013 4151:from the original on 13 November 2013 4089:from the original on 24 February 2022 1796:(narrowly won by Kasparov, 12½–11½), 1639:had been instructed to lose to them. 1172:teacher. Alekhine convincingly won a 996:return match against Steinitz in 1897 889:Reign of Wilhelm Steinitz (1886–1894) 6126:from the original on 3 December 2008 5970: 5895:from the original on 6 December 2010 5861:from the original on 8 December 2008 5712:from the original on 10 January 2009 5629:from the original on 6 December 2007 4762:Early Uses of 'World Chess Champion' 4370: 4192:Winter, Edward (22 September 2023). 4133: 2400:Pre-FIDE world champions (1886–1946) 2043: 1380:Interregnum of World Chess Champions 1168:, an amateur player who worked as a 833:in 1872 (7–1, 4 draws), winning the 825:; and he again placed second at the 726: 6846:from the original on 24 August 2023 6692:Mather, Victor (28 November 2018). 6539:. Chessbase.com. 26 February 2009. 6473: 6262:"The chess games of Garry Kasparov" 4856:Kaufman, Larry (4 September 2023). 1886:won the FIDE World Championship in 1437:, from the Netherlands; Botvinnik, 1335:in 1935 but lost a rematch in 1937. 1331:became World Champion by defeating 1224:match (London, 1866); Steinitz and 24: 9782:List of world sports championships 6326:Lundstrom, Harold (23 July 1993). 6162:from the original on 6 August 2011 5823:"Chess Notes Archive [17]" 5669:Classical Chess Matches, 1907–1913 5429:from the original on 12 March 2018 5420: 4649:from the original on 20 March 2022 4642:Google books: The Chess Tournament 4468: 4292:. London: C.J. Skeet. p. 381. 4142: 2388: 2228:After the death of world champion 2065:FIDE World Chess Championship 2005 1935:FIDE World Chess Championship 2005 1875:FIDE World Chess Championship 1998 1851:FIDE World Chess Championship 1996 445:1948 World Championship tournament 32:For the women's championship, see 25: 12466: 7277:List of World Chess Championships 6900: 6811:from the original on 21 July 2022 6780:from the original on 20 July 2022 6569:from the original on 8 March 2013 6543:from the original on 1 March 2009 6516:online. Undated, but reported in 6340:from the original on 23 July 1993 5976:The World Chess Championship 1963 5603:from the original on 28 June 2008 5517:. chessmaniac.com. 28 June 2007. 5126: 4602:from the original on 28 June 2008 4387:from the original on 15 June 2008 4352:from the original on 25 June 2008 4077:Henshaw, Jack (9 December 2021). 3986:World Computer Chess Championship 2395:List of World Chess Championships 2082:. He won the Candidates (against 1843:PCA World Chess Championship 1995 1726:decisively with a score of 10–5. 1546:won the 1962 Candidates and then 884:Champions before FIDE (1886–1946) 827:Baden-Baden 1870 chess tournament 535:List of World Chess Championships 54:List of World Chess Championships 9717: 9388:List of strong chess tournaments 7937: 7928: 7927: 6909:– Contains all results and games 6880:from the original on 16 May 2023 6861: 6823: 6792: 6762: 6716: 6621:from the original on 7 June 2013 6445:McGourty, Colin (26 June 2015). 6188:from the original on 16 May 2008 6014:from the original on 26 May 2014 5733: 5521:from the original on 13 May 2008 5335:from the original on 24 May 2008 5251:from the original on 30 May 2008 5088:from the original on 8 June 2020 4978:David Hooper and Kenneth Whyld, 4730:from the original on 16 May 2008 4670:David Hooper and Kenneth Whyld, 4556:David Hooper and Kenneth Whyld, 4519:David Hooper and Kenneth Whyld, 4495:David Hooper and Kenneth Whyld, 4442:David Hooper and Kenneth Whyld, 4229:David Hooper and Kenneth Whyld, 4037: 4023: 3996:World Chess Solving Championship 3946:World Amateur Chess Championship 3924:Women's World Chess Championship 3883: 3851: 3819: 3787: 3755: 3723: 3691: 3659: 3627: 3595: 3563: 3531: 3498: 3466: 3459: 3427: 3394: 3362: 3330: 3297: 3290: 3257: 3250: 3218: 3211: 3146: 3120: 3094: 3068: 3019: 2996: 2973: 2950: 2917: 2893:FIDE world champions (1993–2006) 2861: 2812: 2800: 2774: 2748: 2640: 2610:FIDE world champions (1948–1993) 2583: 2555: 2530: 2504: 2479: 2468: 2442: 2430: 1997: 1982: 1967: 1952: 1701:United States Secretary of State 1587: 1572: 1557: 1366:under a tie-breaking rule, with 750: 735: 709: 694: 679: 664: 603:a long series of matches in 1834 404:. The current world champion is 34:Women's World Chess Championship 8366:Gökyay Association Chess Museum 6685: 6659: 6643:. ChessBase. 23 November 2014. 6633: 6607: 6595:from the original on 7 May 2013 6581: 6555: 6529: 6496: 6467: 6438: 6419: 6397: 6374: 6355: 6319: 6292:"Battle off the boards hots up" 6284: 6254: 6227: 6200: 6174: 6105: 5964: 5934: 5829:from the original on 9 May 2008 5659: 5586:Chess History And Reminiscences 5486:from the original on 9 May 2008 5376:"1921 World Chess Championship" 5200: 5168: 5120: 5047:. Collier Books. pp. 1–2. 5033: 5006: 4993: 4950: 4925: 4900: 4875: 4802: 4778: 4697: 4685: 4621:Staunton, Howard (April 2003). 4585:Chess History And Reminiscences 4577:Section "Progress of Chess" in 4550: 4489: 4457: 4436: 4423: 4404: 4364: 4324:. Charles J. Skeet. p. 38. 4311: 4296: 4281: 4256: 3941:World Senior Chess Championship 3929:World Junior Chess Championship 3915:Other world chess championships 2007:, FIDE World Champion 2005–2006 1992:, FIDE World Champion 2004–2005 1977:, FIDE World Champion 2002–2004 1962:, FIDE World Champion 1999–2000 1730:Karpov and Kasparov (1975–1993) 767:An important milestone was the 672:François-André Danican Philidor 568:François-André Danican Philidor 11801:long distance mountain running 6868:Keene, Raymond (13 May 2023). 6830:Dinic, Milan (30 April 2023). 6799:Victor Mather (20 July 2022). 6038:The Games of Robert J. Fischer 4936:. Everyman Chess. p. 59. 4911:. Everyman Chess. p. 31. 4886:. Everyman Chess. p. 55. 4858:"Accuracy, Ratings, and GOATs" 4223: 4185: 4176: 4070: 3961:World Blitz Chess Championship 3956:World Rapid Chess Championship 3935:World Youth Chess Championship 1823:Professional Chess Association 1821:split from FIDE to set up the 1651:Candidates cycles were won by 1421:was used as the basis for the 544: 13: 1: 10260:Olympic Class Combined Worlds 9486:Computer chess championships 6150:"Remembering Max Euwe Part 1" 5855:"World Championship Disorder" 5578:Section "Stakes at Chess" in 5480:"Capablanca v Alekhine, 1927" 5114:The World's Great Chess Games 5072:"Ready for a big chess match" 4980:The Oxford Companion to Chess 4934:My Great Predecessors, Vol. I 4909:My Great Predecessors, Vol. I 4884:My Great Predecessors, Vol. I 4785:Doazan, Gabriel-Éloy (1859). 4672:The Oxford Companion to Chess 4558:The Oxford Companion to Chess 4521:The Oxford Companion to Chess 4497:The Oxford Companion to Chess 4467:(with the cover date 1846) – 4444:The Oxford Companion to Chess 4231:The Oxford Companion to Chess 4063: 2234:World Chess Championship 1948 2173:World Chess Championship 2021 2130:World Chess Championship 2013 2091:World Chess Championship 2012 2080:World Chess Championship 2010 2076:World Chess Championship 2008 2067:. This tournament was won by 2061:World Chess Championship 2007 2037:World Chess Championship 2006 1802:World Chess Championship 1990 1798:World Chess Championship 1987 1794:World Chess Championship 1986 1790:World Chess Championship 1985 1786:World Chess Championship 1984 1619:World Chess Championship 1972 1615:World Chess Championship 1969 1611:World Chess Championship 1966 1507:World Chess Championship 1963 1503:World Chess Championship 1961 1499:World Chess Championship 1960 1495:World Chess Championship 1958 1491:World Chess Championship 1957 1487:World Chess Championship 1954 1483:World Chess Championship 1951 1319:1929 world championship match 1296:as a kind of players' union. 940:before), and resulted in the 863:World Chess Championship 1886 601:. He and McDonnell contested 457:World Chess Championship 2006 414:2023 World Chess Championship 12450:World championships in chess 10630:Ju-Jitsu World Championships 7223:Chess national championships 6300:. p. 19. Archived from 5841:Schweizerische Schachzeitung 5792:"Whose Title Is it, Anyway?" 4724:"I grandi matches 1850–1864" 2015:Reunified title (since 2006) 1769:(6–5 with 21 draws) then in 1724:1992 Fischer–Spassky rematch 1695:challenge reigning champion 1423:1948 Championship Tournament 1342:Royal Dutch Chess Federation 1216:match (Paris, 1843) and the 1179: 858:London 1883 chess tournament 835:Vienna 1873 chess tournament 796:London 1862 chess tournament 769:London 1851 chess tournament 474:respectively because of the 408:, who defeated his opponent 7: 9268:Bishop and knight checkmate 7298:FIDE Grand Swiss Tournament 7287:Knockout format (1998–2004) 6972:international championships 6565:. Fide.com. 20 April 2010. 6474:Cox, David (18 July 2019). 4704:1858–59 Paul Morphy Matches 4371:G.W. (July–December 1840). 4194:"Jeremy Silman (1954-2023)" 4016: 4006:World Chess960 Championship 2089:The next championship, the 2040:been administered by FIDE. 1623:After the 1962 Candidates, 1445:from the Soviet Union; and 942:1889 tournament in New York 854:Paris 1878 chess tournament 815:Paris 1867 chess tournament 10: 12471: 9431:Other world championships 6836:worldchampionship.fide.com 6591:. Fide.com. 1 April 2013. 5541:"From the Editorial Chair" 5356:"From Morphy to Fischer", 5237:Thulin, A. (August 2007). 5026:"From Morphy to Fischer", 4842:"From Morphy to Fischer", 4543:"From Morphy to Fischer", 4429:"From Morphy to Fischer", 3880: 3848: 3816: 3784: 3752: 3720: 3688: 3656: 3624: 3592: 3560: 3528: 3495: 3456: 3424: 3391: 3359: 3327: 3287: 3247: 3208: 2392: 2165:2020 Candidates Tournament 2116:, World Champion 2013–2023 1608: 1597:, World Champion 1963–1969 1582:, World Champion 1960–1961 1567:, World Champion 1957–1958 1550:to become world champion. 1548:defeated Botvinnik in 1963 1480: 1377: 1276:AVRO 1938 chess tournament 1265: 979:Emanuel Lasker (1894–1921) 540:Early champions (pre-1886) 532: 528: 247:Split titles (Classical): 31: 12445:World Chess Championships 12418: 12349:Mobile Legends: Bang Bang 12289: 11698: 11317: 11310: 11233: 11005: 10940: 10931: 10833: 10678: 10615: 10522: 10456: 10447: 10362: 10004: 9799: 9790: 9777: 9712: 9622: 9525: 9378: 9278:Opposite-coloured bishops 9258: 9204: 9067: 8909: 8849: 8840: 8751: 8619: 8480: 8381: 8217: 8121: 7991: 7983: 7923: 7807:Other world championships 7806: 7716: 7633: 7592: 7585: 7432: 7321: 7272: 7266:World Chess Championships 7216: 7070: 6977: 6523:21 September 2007 at the 6518:Chessbase on 24 June 2007 6184:. ESPN. 19 January 2008. 5394:"Emanuel Lasker column". 5043:; Goodman, David (1986). 4966:, Mark Weeks' Chess Pages 4713:, Mark Weeks' Chess Pages 4639:Staunton, Howard (1852). 3181: 3178: 3175: 2915: 2859: 2638: 2219: 956:. The third prizewinner, 856:. Zukertort then won the 572:Analyse du jeu des Échecs 9405:World Chess Championship 8371:World Chess Hall of Fame 6751:14 December 2021 at the 6617:. Fide.com. 7 May 2013. 6508:10 December 2008 at the 6431:3 September 2008 at the 6367:10 February 2020 at the 6036:; O'Connell, K. (1972). 5891:. Chess History Center. 5887:Winter, E. (2003–2004). 5303:"New York 1889 and 1924" 5263:Landsberger, K. (2002). 5030:, (Batsford, 1973), p.24 4932:Kasparov, Garry (2003). 4907:Kasparov, Garry (2003). 4882:Kasparov, Garry (2003). 4767:13 November 2013 at the 4694:, 24 February 1856, p. 5 4465:Chess Player's Chronicle 4373:"The Café de la Régence" 4263:Golombek, Harry (1976). 928:, and Chigorin again in 398:World Chess Championship 11281:Radio-controlled racing 9699:Simultaneous exhibition 9609:Chess newspaper columns 9298:Rook and bishop vs rook 9288:Queen and pawn vs queen 6386:6 February 2021 at the 5546:Lasker's Chess Magazine 5129:"World Chess Champions" 4846:, (Batsford, 1973) p.16 4321:Chess and Chess-Players 4318:Walker, George (1850). 4290:Chess and Chess-Players 4288:Walker, George (1850). 3931:(under 20 years of age) 2279:the previous cycle, on 1827:Kasparov defeated Short 1808:Split title (1993–2006) 1605:FIDE system (1963–1975) 1477:FIDE system (1949–1963) 937:American Chess Congress 841:7–0 (0 draws) in 1876. 839:Joseph Henry Blackburne 702:Louis de la Bourdonnais 591:Louis de la Bourdonnais 18:FIDE World Championship 12264:long distance duathlon 11920:mountain bike marathon 11286:1:10 electric off-road 10544:Bobsleigh and skeleton 10069:Bobsleigh and skeleton 9154:Richter–Veresov Attack 9142:Queen's Indian Defence 6426:Interview with Kramnik 5653:From Morphy to Fischer 4962:13 August 2007 at the 4957:1883 London Tournament 4788:Labourdonnais – Morphy 4547:, (Batsford, 1973) p.4 4433:, (Batsford, 1973) p.3 4340:"Early World Rankings" 4169:"A History of Chess", 2191: 2117: 2056: 2032: 1777:(6–2, with 10 draws). 1765:, the Philippines, in 1753: 1742: 1686: 1683:"Match of the Century" 1671: 1648:round-robin tournament 1431:round-robin tournament 1410: 1336: 1257:FIDE title (1948–1993) 1121:promptly signed them. 1085: 1074: 991: 946:Candidates Tournaments 905: 687:Alexandre Deschapelles 638: 637:, on 16 December 1843. 583:Alexandre Deschapelles 47: 10484:Wheelchair basketball 9808:Association football 9415:Candidates Tournament 9303:Rook and pawn vs rook 9273:King and pawn vs king 9224:List of chess gambits 9127:King's Indian Defence 8805:Isolated Queen's Pawn 8329:List of chess players 8271:Top player comparison 8070:Internet chess server 7313:Candidates Tournament 6413:12 April 2012 at the 6362:The Week in Chess 127 6114:"Ed Edmondson Letter" 6000:Kingston, T. (2002). 5396:New York Evening Post 5360:, (Batsford, 1973) 39 4692:Bell's Life in London 4083:The Tulane Hullabaloo 2393:Further information: 2292:Candidates Tournament 2186: 2122:Candidates Tournament 2112: 2097:withdrew in protest. 2051: 2027: 1748: 1737: 1677: 1661: 1609:Further information: 1529:Candidates Tournament 1481:Further information: 1471:Candidates Tournament 1405: 1327: 1080: 1069: 986: 896: 817:, behind Kolisch and 628: 533:Further information: 272:Split titles (FIDE): 42: 12370:Pro Evolution Soccer 12084:inline speed skating 11675:Synchronized skating 10992:Sports Car Endurance 10640:Kickboxing (amateur) 9132:Nimzo-Indian Defence 9028:Scandinavian Defense 8989:Semi-Italian Opening 8894:King's Indian Attack 8783:first-move advantage 8436:Threefold repetition 8361:Bobby Fischer Center 8246:Charlemagne chessmen 8240:Göttingen manuscript 8204: 8045:Correspondence chess 7201:Intercollegiate Team 6512:, sections 4 and 5, 6404:Topalov Kramnik 2006 6394:206, 19 October 1998 5790:, Y. (August 1998). 5214:. 19 December 2015. 4709:25 June 2007 at the 4625:. Hardinge Simpole. 4623:The Chess Tournament 4010:Fischer random chess 3570:José Raúl Capablanca 2499:José Raúl Capablanca 1849:in the final of the 1427:José Raúl Capablanca 1351:José Raúl Capablanca 1071:José Raúl Capablanca 1056:won their 1921 match 1035:José Raúl Capablanca 653:, co-founder of the 564:The History of Chess 519:Fischer random chess 451:, reigning champion 11340:Australian football 10625:Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu 10498:Wheelchair curling 10489:Wheelchair handball 9771:World championships 9360:Two knights endgame 9112:Bogo-Indian Defence 8999:Two Knights Defense 8939:Nimzowitsch Defence 8629:Artificial castling 8266:Soviet chess school 8141:Dubrovnik chess set 6728:1 July 2020 at the 6304:on 28 February 1993 5666:Wilson, F. (1975). 5329:"I matches 1880/99" 4416:12 May 2008 at the 4338:Jeremy P. Spinrad. 3951:Other time limits: 3919:Restricted events: 3858:Rustam Kasimdzhanov 3826:Alexander Khalifman 2991:Rustam Kasimdzhanov 2935:Alexander Khalifman 2179:Ding (2023–present) 2105:Carlsen (2013–2023) 2020:Kramnik (2006–2007) 1990:Rustam Kasimdzhanov 1960:Alexander Khalifman 1939:San Luis, Argentina 1904:Rustam Kasimdzhanov 1884:Alexander Khalifman 1519:and chess official 1362:in 1938 was won by 1262:FIDE, Euwe and AVRO 865:, won by Steinitz. 782:Heydebrand der Laza 595:Alexander McDonnell 12149:ski mountaineering 11998:Modern pentathlon 11565:Quidditch/Quadball 11324:American football 11291:1:8 nitro off-road 10758:chinese eight ball 10514:Sitting volleyball 9590:endgame literature 9137:Old Indian Defense 9047:Accelerated Dragon 8919:Alekhine's Defence 8651:Checkmate patterns 8520:symbols in Unicode 8515:annotation symbols 8278:Geography of chess 8146:Staunton chess set 7129:EU Individual Open 7002:Olympiad (women's) 6759:, 21 December 2021 6698:The New York Times 6381:Kasparov Interview 6297:The Indian Express 6155:. The Chess Cafe. 6044:. pp. 331–46. 6007:. The Chess Cafe. 5946:www.mark-weeks.com 5686:on 20 January 2005 5623:"Lasker biography" 5382:on 20 January 2005 5188:on 1 November 2009 5176:"Wilhelm Steinitz" 5158:"Wilhelm Steinitz" 5079:The New York Times 4265:A History of Chess 3937:(lower age groups) 3434:Alexander Alekhine 2578:Alexander Alekhine 2525:Alexander Alekhine 2230:Alexander Alekhine 2192: 2169:Ian Nepomniachtchi 2118: 2057: 2033: 1927:Kramnik–Leko match 1845:. Karpov defeated 1831:Karpov beat Timman 1754: 1743: 1687: 1672: 1411: 1385:Alexander Alekhine 1337: 1333:Alexander Alekhine 1192:described for his 1086: 1082:Alexander Alekhine 1075: 992: 973:won the 1894 match 906: 831:Johannes Zukertort 639: 635:Pierre Saint-Amant 555:Johannes Zukertort 437:Alexander Alekhine 433:Johannes Zukertort 410:Ian Nepomniachtchi 317:Reunified (FIDE): 48: 12432: 12431: 12414: 12413: 12377:Rainbow Six Siege 12342:League of Legends 12129:practical shotgun 12119:practical handgun 11685:Underwater hockey 11306: 11305: 11007:Motorcycle sports 10896:draughts-64 women 10733:English billiards 10611: 10610: 10449:Paralympic sports 10443: 10442: 10245:Modern pentathlon 9737: 9736: 9614:Chess periodicals 9543:Chess in the arts 9475:Chess composition 9313:Philidor position 9254: 9253: 9196:Trompowsky Attack 9179:Semi-Slav Defence 9069:Queen's Pawn Game 8949:Four Knights Game 8924:Caro–Kann Defence 8889:Zukertort Opening 8676:Discovered attack 8396:Cheating in chess 8233:Versus de scachis 7951: 7950: 7712: 7711: 7232: 7231: 6755:, Peter Doggers, 6673:on 25 August 2016 6406:, book review by 6392:The Week in Chess 5581:Henry Edward Bird 5164:on 17 April 2012. 5112:Fine, R. (1952). 5081:. 11 March 1894. 4580:Henry Edward Bird 4377:Fraser's Magazine 4122:978-90-5691-879-8 3912: 3911: 3794:Ruslan Ponomariov 3401:Viswanathan Anand 3337:Mikhail Botvinnik 3162: 3161: 3089:Viswanathan Anand 3035: 3034: 2968:Ruslan Ponomariov 2945:Viswanathan Anand 2890: 2889: 2828: 2827: 2704:Mikhail Botvinnik 2676:Mikhail Botvinnik 2635:Mikhail Botvinnik 2607: 2606: 2201:2023 championship 2161:COVID-19 pandemic 2069:Viswanathan Anand 2053:Viswanathan Anand 2044:Anand (2007–2013) 1975:Ruslan Ponomariov 1896:Ruslan Ponomariov 1839:Viswanathan Anand 1525:Mikhail Botvinnik 1415:Mikhail Botvinnik 1407:Mikhail Botvinnik 1358:to Alekhine; the 1245:, Rubinstein and 1008:Siegbert Tarrasch 965:Siegbert Tarrasch 727:From 1851 to 1886 619:Fraser's Magazine 476:COVID-19 pandemic 394: 393: 16:(Redirected from 12462: 12089:roller freestyle 12069:artistic skating 11806:snowshoe running 11796:mountain running 11690:Underwater rugby 11315: 11314: 11240:Aeroplane sport 10938: 10937: 10687:Carom billiards 10494:Wheelchair rugby 10468:Para ice hockey 10454: 10453: 10233:artificial track 9874:Beach volleyball 9797: 9796: 9764: 9757: 9750: 9741: 9740: 9724:Chess portal 9722: 9721: 9665:Leela Chess Zero 9596:Oxford Companion 9548:early literature 9538:Chess aesthetics 9283:Pawnless endgame 9234:Bongcloud Attack 9212:List of openings 9184:Chigorin Defense 9122:Grünfeld Defence 9033:Sicilian Defence 8979:Ponziani Opening 8974:Philidor Defence 8969:Petrov's Defence 8911:King's Pawn Game 8884:Larsen's Opening 8847: 8846: 8208: 7978: 7971: 7964: 7955: 7954: 7941: 7931: 7930: 7590: 7589: 7259: 7252: 7245: 7236: 7235: 7227: 7221: 6963: 6956: 6949: 6940: 6939: 6923:Vladimir Kramnik 6894: 6893: 6887: 6885: 6865: 6859: 6858: 6853: 6851: 6827: 6821: 6820: 6818: 6816: 6796: 6790: 6789: 6787: 6785: 6776:. 20 July 2022. 6766: 6760: 6743: 6737: 6720: 6714: 6713: 6711: 6709: 6689: 6683: 6682: 6680: 6678: 6669:. Archived from 6663: 6657: 6656: 6654: 6652: 6637: 6631: 6630: 6628: 6626: 6611: 6605: 6604: 6602: 6600: 6585: 6579: 6578: 6576: 6574: 6559: 6553: 6552: 6550: 6548: 6533: 6527: 6500: 6494: 6493: 6488: 6486: 6471: 6465: 6464: 6459: 6457: 6442: 6436: 6423: 6417: 6401: 6395: 6378: 6372: 6359: 6353: 6349: 6347: 6345: 6333:The Deseret News 6323: 6317: 6313: 6311: 6309: 6288: 6282: 6281: 6279: 6277: 6258: 6252: 6251: 6249: 6247: 6231: 6225: 6224: 6222: 6220: 6204: 6198: 6197: 6195: 6193: 6178: 6172: 6171: 6169: 6167: 6161: 6154: 6146:Sosonko, Gennadi 6142: 6136: 6135: 6133: 6131: 6125: 6118: 6109: 6103: 6102: 6100: 6098: 6089:. Archived from 6082: 6076: 6075: 6073: 6071: 6055: 6046: 6045: 6030: 6024: 6023: 6021: 6019: 6013: 6006: 5997: 5988: 5987: 5968: 5962: 5961: 5959: 5957: 5938: 5932: 5931: 5929: 5927: 5911: 5905: 5904: 5902: 5900: 5884: 5871: 5870: 5868: 5866: 5850: 5844: 5838: 5836: 5834: 5818: 5812: 5811: 5809: 5807: 5784: 5778: 5777: 5775: 5773: 5758: 5752: 5751: 5749: 5747: 5742:on 3 August 2009 5738:. Archived from 5731: 5722: 5721: 5719: 5717: 5702: 5696: 5695: 5693: 5691: 5682:. Archived from 5663: 5657: 5656: 5645: 5639: 5638: 5636: 5634: 5619: 5613: 5612: 5610: 5608: 5576: 5567: 5566: 5564: 5562: 5553:. January 1905. 5537: 5531: 5530: 5528: 5526: 5511: 5502: 5495: 5493: 5491: 5475: 5466: 5465: 5463: 5461: 5452:. Archived from 5445: 5439: 5438: 5436: 5434: 5421:Winter, Edward. 5418: 5401: 5399: 5398:. 15 March 1911. 5391: 5389: 5387: 5378:. Archived from 5372: 5361: 5354: 5345: 5344: 5342: 5340: 5325: 5319: 5318: 5316: 5314: 5305:. Archived from 5299: 5293: 5292: 5290: 5288: 5260: 5258: 5256: 5250: 5243: 5234: 5228: 5227: 5225: 5223: 5204: 5198: 5197: 5195: 5193: 5184:. Archived from 5172: 5166: 5165: 5160:. Archived from 5151: 5145: 5144: 5142: 5140: 5135:on 23 April 2008 5131:. Archived from 5124: 5118: 5117: 5109: 5098: 5097: 5095: 5093: 5087: 5076: 5068: 5059: 5058: 5037: 5031: 5024: 5018: 5010: 5004: 4997: 4991: 4976: 4967: 4954: 4948: 4947: 4929: 4923: 4922: 4904: 4898: 4897: 4879: 4873: 4872: 4870: 4868: 4853: 4847: 4840: 4827: 4826: 4824: 4822: 4806: 4800: 4799: 4793: 4782: 4776: 4773:Edward G. Winter 4759: 4740: 4739: 4737: 4735: 4720: 4714: 4701: 4695: 4689: 4683: 4668: 4659: 4658: 4656: 4654: 4636: 4618: 4612: 4611: 4609: 4607: 4575: 4569: 4554: 4548: 4541: 4532: 4517: 4508: 4493: 4487: 4486: 4484: 4482: 4469:Winter, Edward. 4461: 4455: 4440: 4434: 4427: 4421: 4408: 4402: 4396: 4394: 4392: 4368: 4362: 4361: 4359: 4357: 4351: 4344: 4335: 4326: 4325: 4315: 4309: 4300: 4294: 4293: 4285: 4279: 4278: 4260: 4254: 4251: 4242: 4227: 4221: 4218: 4209: 4208: 4206: 4204: 4198:chesshistory.com 4189: 4183: 4180: 4174: 4167: 4161: 4160: 4158: 4156: 4143:Winter, Edward. 4140: 4131: 4130: 4115:. New in Chess. 4108: 4099: 4098: 4096: 4094: 4074: 4047: 4042: 4041: 4033: 4028: 4027: 4001:Chess variants: 3991:Chess Problems: 3981:Computer chess: 3892: 3888: 3887: 3860: 3856: 3855: 3828: 3824: 3823: 3796: 3792: 3791: 3764: 3760: 3759: 3732: 3728: 3727: 3700: 3696: 3695: 3668: 3664: 3663: 3636: 3632: 3631: 3604: 3600: 3599: 3572: 3568: 3567: 3540: 3538:Tigran Petrosian 3536: 3535: 3507: 3505:Vladimir Kramnik 3503: 3502: 3475: 3473:Wilhelm Steinitz 3471: 3470: 3464: 3463: 3436: 3432: 3431: 3403: 3399: 3398: 3371: 3367: 3366: 3339: 3335: 3334: 3306: 3302: 3301: 3295: 3294: 3266: 3262: 3261: 3255: 3254: 3227: 3223: 3222: 3216: 3215: 3173: 3172: 3152: 3150: 3149: 3126: 3124: 3123: 3100: 3098: 3097: 3074: 3072: 3071: 3063:Vladimir Kramnik 3042: 3041: 3025: 3023: 3022: 3002: 3000: 2999: 2979: 2977: 2976: 2956: 2954: 2953: 2923: 2921: 2920: 2897: 2896: 2882:Vladimir Kramnik 2867: 2865: 2864: 2835: 2834: 2818: 2816: 2815: 2806: 2804: 2803: 2780: 2778: 2777: 2754: 2752: 2751: 2717:Tigran Petrosian 2646: 2644: 2643: 2614: 2613: 2588: 2587: 2586: 2561: 2559: 2558: 2535: 2534: 2533: 2510: 2508: 2507: 2484: 2483: 2473: 2472: 2448: 2446: 2445: 2436: 2434: 2433: 2425:Wilhelm Steinitz 2404: 2403: 2199:, played in the 2120:Since 2013, the 2029:Vladimir Kramnik 2001: 1986: 1971: 1956: 1862:Vladimir Kramnik 1595:Tigran Petrosian 1591: 1576: 1561: 1544:Tigran Petrosian 1451:Samuel Reshevsky 1198:Wilhelm Steinitz 1043:Akiba Rubinstein 1016:short tied match 914:Mikhail Chigorin 898:Wilhelm Steinitz 811:Wilhelm Steinitz 754: 739: 713: 698: 683: 668: 576:Modenese Masters 551:Wilhelm Steinitz 495:lower age groups 429:Wilhelm Steinitz 50: 49: 21: 12470: 12469: 12465: 12464: 12463: 12461: 12460: 12459: 12435: 12434: 12433: 12428: 12410: 12285: 12204:SUP/paddleboard 12181:Summer biathlon 12124:practical rifle 12079:inline downhill 11694: 11433:Formation Latin 11302: 11229: 11184:team long track 11001: 10927: 10829: 10773:women nine-ball 10674: 10663:beach wrestling 10607: 10518: 10439: 10358: 10109:mountain biking 10000: 9786: 9773: 9768: 9738: 9733: 9716: 9708: 9618: 9604:Chess libraries 9521: 9425:FIDE Grand Prix 9420:Chess World Cup 9374: 9370:Wrong rook pawn 9308:Lucena position 9250: 9200: 9117:Catalan Opening 9092:English Defence 9077:Budapest Gambit 9063: 9021:Austrian Attack 8905: 8874:English Opening 8836: 8832:School of chess 8815:Minority attack 8747: 8716:Queen sacrifice 8615: 8476: 8472:White and Black 8467:Touch-move rule 8426:Perpetual check 8421:Fifty-move rule 8377: 8213: 8210: 8117: 7987: 7982: 7952: 7947: 7919: 7802: 7708: 7629: 7581: 7428: 7317: 7303:FIDE Grand Prix 7293:Chess World Cup 7289: 7268: 7263: 7233: 7228: 7225: 7219: 7212: 7170:North American 7066: 6997:Olympiad (open) 6973: 6967: 6903: 6898: 6897: 6883: 6881: 6866: 6862: 6849: 6847: 6828: 6824: 6814: 6812: 6797: 6793: 6783: 6781: 6768: 6767: 6763: 6753:Wayback Machine 6744: 6740: 6730:Wayback Machine 6721: 6717: 6707: 6705: 6690: 6686: 6676: 6674: 6665: 6664: 6660: 6650: 6648: 6639: 6638: 6634: 6624: 6622: 6613: 6612: 6608: 6598: 6596: 6587: 6586: 6582: 6572: 6570: 6561: 6560: 6556: 6546: 6544: 6535: 6534: 6530: 6525:Wayback Machine 6510:Wayback Machine 6501: 6497: 6484: 6482: 6472: 6468: 6455: 6453: 6443: 6439: 6433:Wayback Machine 6424: 6420: 6415:Wayback Machine 6402: 6398: 6388:Wayback Machine 6379: 6375: 6371:, 14 April 1997 6369:Wayback Machine 6360: 6356: 6343: 6341: 6324: 6320: 6307: 6305: 6290: 6289: 6285: 6275: 6273: 6260: 6259: 6255: 6245: 6243: 6232: 6228: 6218: 6216: 6205: 6201: 6191: 6189: 6180: 6179: 6175: 6165: 6163: 6159: 6152: 6143: 6139: 6129: 6127: 6123: 6116: 6110: 6106: 6096: 6094: 6093:on 20 July 2008 6083: 6079: 6069: 6067: 6056: 6049: 6031: 6027: 6017: 6015: 6011: 6004: 5998: 5991: 5969: 5965: 5955: 5953: 5940: 5939: 5935: 5925: 5923: 5912: 5908: 5898: 5896: 5885: 5874: 5864: 5862: 5851: 5847: 5832: 5830: 5819: 5815: 5805: 5803: 5785: 5781: 5771: 5769: 5760: 5759: 5755: 5745: 5743: 5732: 5725: 5715: 5713: 5706:"New York 1924" 5704: 5703: 5699: 5689: 5687: 5680: 5664: 5660: 5646: 5642: 5632: 5630: 5621: 5620: 5616: 5606: 5604: 5597: 5577: 5570: 5560: 5558: 5539: 5538: 5534: 5524: 5522: 5513: 5512: 5505: 5489: 5487: 5476: 5469: 5459: 5457: 5446: 5442: 5432: 5430: 5419: 5404: 5393: 5385: 5383: 5374: 5373: 5364: 5358:Israel Horowitz 5355: 5348: 5338: 5336: 5327: 5326: 5322: 5312: 5310: 5309:on 19 June 2008 5301: 5300: 5296: 5286: 5284: 5277: 5254: 5252: 5248: 5241: 5235: 5231: 5221: 5219: 5206: 5205: 5201: 5191: 5189: 5174: 5173: 5169: 5152: 5148: 5138: 5136: 5125: 5121: 5110: 5101: 5091: 5089: 5085: 5074: 5070: 5069: 5062: 5055: 5038: 5034: 5028:Israel Horowitz 5025: 5021: 5011: 5007: 4998: 4994: 4977: 4970: 4964:Wayback Machine 4955: 4951: 4944: 4930: 4926: 4919: 4905: 4901: 4894: 4880: 4876: 4866: 4864: 4854: 4850: 4844:Israel Horowitz 4841: 4830: 4820: 4818: 4807: 4803: 4791: 4783: 4779: 4769:Wayback Machine 4760: 4743: 4733: 4731: 4722: 4721: 4717: 4711:Wayback Machine 4702: 4698: 4690: 4686: 4669: 4662: 4652: 4650: 4633: 4619: 4615: 4605: 4603: 4596: 4576: 4572: 4555: 4551: 4545:Israel Horowitz 4542: 4535: 4518: 4511: 4494: 4490: 4480: 4478: 4462: 4458: 4441: 4437: 4431:Israel Horowitz 4428: 4424: 4418:Wayback Machine 4409: 4405: 4390: 4388: 4369: 4365: 4355: 4353: 4349: 4342: 4336: 4329: 4316: 4312: 4307:, 1859 page 115 4301: 4297: 4286: 4282: 4275: 4261: 4257: 4252: 4245: 4228: 4224: 4219: 4212: 4202: 4200: 4190: 4186: 4181: 4177: 4171:H. J. R. Murray 4168: 4164: 4154: 4152: 4141: 4134: 4123: 4109: 4102: 4092: 4090: 4075: 4071: 4066: 4043: 4036: 4029: 4022: 4019: 3917: 3890:Veselin Topalov 3882: 3850: 3818: 3786: 3754: 3722: 3690: 3658: 3626: 3594: 3562: 3530: 3497: 3465: 3458: 3426: 3393: 3361: 3329: 3296: 3289: 3256: 3249: 3217: 3210: 3203: 3167: 3147: 3145: 3121: 3119: 3095: 3093: 3069: 3067: 3040: 3020: 3018: 3014:Veselin Topalov 2997: 2995: 2974: 2972: 2951: 2949: 2918: 2916: 2895: 2862: 2860: 2833: 2813: 2811: 2810: 2801: 2799: 2775: 2773: 2749: 2747: 2641: 2639: 2612: 2584: 2582: 2556: 2554: 2531: 2529: 2505: 2503: 2486:German Republic 2478: 2477: 2467: 2443: 2441: 2440: 2438:Austria-Hungary 2431: 2429: 2402: 2397: 2391: 2389:World champions 2272:FIDE Grand Prix 2268:Chess World Cup 2257:Chess World Cup 2222: 2181: 2150:Fabiano Caruana 2142:Sergey Karjakin 2107: 2046: 2022: 2017: 2012: 2011: 2010: 2009: 2008: 2005:Veselin Topalov 2002: 1994: 1993: 1987: 1979: 1978: 1972: 1964: 1963: 1957: 1943:Veselin Topalov 1919:Yasser Seirawan 1879:Rapid and blitz 1810: 1759:Viktor Korchnoi 1732: 1704:Henry Kissinger 1637:Viktor Korchnoi 1621: 1607: 1602: 1601: 1600: 1599: 1598: 1592: 1584: 1583: 1577: 1569: 1568: 1562: 1509: 1479: 1419:AVRO tournament 1382: 1376: 1360:AVRO tournament 1278: 1266:Main articles: 1264: 1259: 1249:all challenged 1182: 1174:rematch in 1937 1147:Efim Bogoljubov 1064: 1020:Carl Schlechter 981: 958:Isidor Gunsberg 954:Rothschild Bank 922:Isidor Gunsberg 891: 886: 773:Adolf Anderssen 765: 764: 763: 762: 761: 755: 747: 746: 743:Adolf Anderssen 740: 729: 724: 723: 722: 721: 720: 717:Howard Staunton 714: 706: 705: 699: 691: 690: 684: 676: 675: 669: 655:Berlin Pleiades 643:Howard Staunton 631:Howard Staunton 560:Gioachino Greco 558:Italian player 547: 542: 537: 531: 515:problem solving 390: 37: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 12468: 12458: 12457: 12452: 12447: 12430: 12429: 12427: 12426: 12419: 12416: 12415: 12412: 12411: 12409: 12408: 12401: 12394: 12387: 12380: 12373: 12366: 12359: 12352: 12345: 12338: 12331: 12324: 12317: 12310: 12307:Counter-Strike 12303: 12295: 12293: 12287: 12286: 12284: 12283: 12278: 12277: 12276: 12271: 12266: 12261: 12256: 12254:cross duathlon 12251: 12246: 12241: 12236: 12231: 12223: 12218: 12217: 12216: 12208: 12207: 12206: 12201: 12196: 12191: 12183: 12178: 12177: 12176: 12171: 12166: 12158: 12157: 12156: 12151: 12146: 12141: 12133: 12132: 12131: 12126: 12121: 12113: 12112: 12111: 12106: 12098: 12097: 12096: 12091: 12086: 12081: 12076: 12071: 12061: 12056: 12051: 12046: 12045: 12044: 12039: 12034: 12029: 12021: 12016: 12015: 12014: 12009: 12004: 11996: 11991: 11990: 11989: 11984: 11979: 11971: 11970: 11969: 11964: 11956: 11951: 11950: 11949: 11944: 11939: 11929: 11928: 11927: 11922: 11917: 11912: 11904: 11899: 11898: 11897: 11892: 11887: 11882: 11877: 11872: 11867: 11859: 11858: 11857: 11852: 11844: 11843: 11842: 11828: 11820: 11819: 11818: 11813: 11808: 11803: 11798: 11793: 11788: 11783: 11778: 11773: 11765: 11764: 11763: 11758: 11753: 11745: 11740: 11739: 11738: 11730: 11729: 11728: 11723: 11718: 11713: 11702: 11700: 11696: 11695: 11693: 11692: 11687: 11682: 11677: 11672: 11667: 11662: 11661: 11660: 11655: 11647: 11646: 11645: 11640: 11632: 11631: 11630: 11625: 11620: 11612: 11611: 11610: 11605: 11599:Roller hockey 11597: 11596: 11595: 11590: 11582: 11577: 11572: 11567: 11562: 11557: 11552: 11547: 11542: 11541: 11540: 11532: 11527: 11526: 11525: 11520: 11512: 11507: 11506: 11505: 11500: 11494:Indoor hockey 11492: 11491: 11490: 11485: 11480: 11475: 11467: 11466: 11465: 11460: 11452: 11447: 11442: 11437: 11436: 11435: 11427: 11422: 11417: 11412: 11410:Beach handball 11407: 11406: 11405: 11400: 11395: 11390: 11385: 11377: 11376: 11375: 11370: 11365: 11360: 11352: 11347: 11342: 11337: 11336: 11335: 11330: 11321: 11319: 11312: 11308: 11307: 11304: 11303: 11301: 11300: 11295: 11294: 11293: 11288: 11278: 11277: 11276: 11271: 11266: 11261: 11253: 11252: 11251: 11246: 11237: 11235: 11231: 11230: 11228: 11227: 11226: 11225: 11217: 11216: 11215: 11205: 11204: 11203: 11193: 11192: 11191: 11186: 11181: 11176: 11171: 11163: 11158: 11157: 11156: 11146: 11145: 11144: 11139: 11137:Supersport 300 11134: 11129: 11121: 11120: 11119: 11114: 11109: 11107:SuperMotocross 11104: 11099: 11094: 11093: 11092: 11079: 11078: 11077: 11072: 11067: 11062: 11054: 11053: 11052: 11047: 11039: 11038: 11037: 11035:team endurance 11032: 11027: 11017: 11011: 11009: 11003: 11002: 11000: 10999: 10994: 10989: 10988: 10987: 10977: 10972: 10967: 10962: 10957: 10952: 10946: 10944: 10935: 10929: 10928: 10926: 10925: 10920: 10915: 10910: 10905: 10900: 10899: 10898: 10893: 10888: 10883: 10878: 10870: 10869: 10868: 10863: 10858: 10850: 10845: 10839: 10837: 10831: 10830: 10828: 10827: 10826: 10825: 10820: 10815: 10810: 10805: 10797: 10796: 10795: 10790: 10785: 10780: 10778:team nine-ball 10775: 10770: 10765: 10760: 10755: 10747: 10746: 10745: 10740: 10730: 10729: 10728: 10723: 10722: 10721: 10716: 10708: 10707: 10706: 10701: 10696: 10690:Three-cushion 10684: 10682: 10676: 10675: 10673: 10672: 10667: 10666: 10665: 10657: 10652: 10647: 10642: 10637: 10632: 10627: 10621: 10619: 10613: 10612: 10609: 10608: 10606: 10605: 10600: 10595: 10594: 10593: 10588: 10580: 10575: 10570: 10565: 10564: 10563: 10558: 10550: 10545: 10542: 10537: 10532: 10526: 10524: 10520: 10519: 10517: 10516: 10511: 10506: 10505: 10504: 10496: 10491: 10486: 10481: 10480: 10479: 10474: 10466: 10464:Blind football 10460: 10458: 10451: 10445: 10444: 10441: 10440: 10438: 10437: 10436: 10435: 10430: 10422: 10417: 10412: 10407: 10406: 10405: 10400: 10392: 10387: 10386: 10385: 10380: 10372: 10366: 10364: 10360: 10359: 10357: 10356: 10351: 10346: 10345: 10344: 10334: 10333: 10332: 10327: 10319: 10314: 10309: 10304: 10302:Sport climbing 10299: 10298: 10297: 10292: 10287: 10282: 10274: 10269: 10264: 10263: 10262: 10252: 10247: 10242: 10241: 10240: 10235: 10227: 10222: 10221: 10220: 10215: 10210: 10202: 10201: 10200: 10195: 10190: 10180: 10179: 10178: 10173: 10165: 10160: 10159: 10158: 10153: 10148: 10138: 10137: 10136: 10128: 10127: 10126: 10121: 10116: 10111: 10106: 10098: 10097: 10096: 10091: 10083: 10082: 10081: 10071: 10066: 10061: 10060: 10059: 10054: 10049: 10044: 10036: 10035: 10034: 10029: 10021: 10016: 10014:Aquatic sports 10010: 10008: 10002: 10001: 9999: 9998: 9997: 9996: 9991: 9983: 9982: 9981: 9976: 9971: 9966: 9958: 9957: 9956: 9951: 9943: 9938: 9937: 9936: 9931: 9923: 9922: 9921: 9916: 9908: 9907: 9906: 9901: 9893: 9892: 9891: 9886: 9876: 9871: 9870: 9869: 9864: 9862:3x3 basketball 9859: 9854: 9846: 9845: 9844: 9839: 9831: 9830: 9829: 9824: 9819: 9814: 9805: 9803: 9794: 9792:Olympic sports 9788: 9787: 9785: 9784: 9778: 9775: 9774: 9767: 9766: 9759: 9752: 9744: 9735: 9734: 9732: 9731: 9726: 9713: 9710: 9709: 9707: 9706: 9701: 9696: 9691: 9690: 9689: 9684: 9674: 9673: 9672: 9667: 9662: 9657: 9647: 9645:Chess composer 9642: 9637: 9632: 9626: 9624: 9620: 9619: 9617: 9616: 9611: 9606: 9601: 9600: 9599: 9592: 9587: 9577: 9576: 9575: 9570: 9565: 9560: 9555: 9550: 9540: 9535: 9529: 9527: 9523: 9522: 9520: 9519: 9518: 9517: 9512: 9507: 9502: 9500:North American 9497: 9492: 9484: 9483: 9482: 9477: 9472: 9467: 9462: 9457: 9452: 9447: 9442: 9437: 9429: 9428: 9427: 9422: 9417: 9412: 9402: 9401: 9400: 9393:Chess Olympiad 9390: 9384: 9382: 9376: 9375: 9373: 9372: 9367: 9362: 9357: 9352: 9347: 9346: 9345: 9340: 9335: 9330: 9325: 9317: 9316: 9315: 9310: 9300: 9295: 9290: 9285: 9280: 9275: 9270: 9264: 9262: 9256: 9255: 9252: 9251: 9249: 9248: 9247: 9246: 9244:Scholar's mate 9241: 9236: 9226: 9221: 9220: 9219: 9208: 9206: 9202: 9201: 9199: 9198: 9193: 9188: 9187: 9186: 9181: 9176: 9171: 9166: 9159:Queen's Gambit 9156: 9151: 9146: 9145: 9144: 9139: 9134: 9129: 9124: 9119: 9114: 9109: 9104: 9102:Benoni Defence 9097:Indian Defence 9094: 9089: 9084: 9079: 9073: 9071: 9065: 9064: 9062: 9061: 9060: 9059: 9054: 9049: 9040: 9030: 9025: 9024: 9023: 9013: 9011:Owen's Defence 9008: 9007: 9006: 9001: 8996: 8991: 8986: 8981: 8976: 8971: 8966: 8961: 8956: 8951: 8941: 8936: 8934:Modern Defence 8931: 8929:French Defence 8926: 8921: 8915: 8913: 8907: 8906: 8904: 8903: 8902: 8901: 8896: 8886: 8881: 8876: 8871: 8866: 8864:Bird's Opening 8861: 8855: 8853: 8844: 8838: 8837: 8835: 8834: 8829: 8824: 8819: 8818: 8817: 8812: 8807: 8802: 8795:Pawn structure 8792: 8787: 8786: 8785: 8775: 8774: 8773: 8763: 8757: 8755: 8749: 8748: 8746: 8745: 8740: 8735: 8730: 8725: 8720: 8719: 8718: 8708: 8703: 8698: 8693: 8688: 8683: 8678: 8673: 8668: 8663: 8658: 8653: 8648: 8643: 8642: 8641: 8639:Alekhine's gun 8631: 8625: 8623: 8617: 8616: 8614: 8613: 8608: 8603: 8598: 8593: 8592: 8591: 8586: 8581: 8576: 8571: 8561: 8556: 8555: 8554: 8552:Half-open file 8544: 8539: 8534: 8529: 8524: 8523: 8522: 8517: 8512: 8507: 8502: 8495:Chess notation 8492: 8486: 8484: 8478: 8477: 8475: 8474: 8469: 8464: 8463: 8462: 8452: 8450:Pawn promotion 8447: 8440: 8439: 8438: 8433: 8428: 8423: 8418: 8408: 8403: 8398: 8393: 8387: 8385: 8379: 8378: 8376: 8375: 8374: 8373: 8368: 8363: 8353: 8351:Women in chess 8348: 8347: 8346: 8341: 8336: 8326: 8321: 8320: 8319: 8314: 8313: 8312: 8307: 8297: 8292: 8291: 8290: 8275: 8274: 8273: 8268: 8263: 8261:Hypermodernism 8258: 8256:Romantic chess 8253: 8251:Lewis chessmen 8248: 8243: 8236: 8223: 8221: 8215: 8214: 8212: 8211: 8202: 8197: 8192: 8191: 8190: 8185: 8180: 8175: 8170: 8165: 8160: 8150: 8149: 8148: 8143: 8138: 8127: 8125: 8119: 8118: 8116: 8115: 8110: 8109: 8108: 8098: 8097: 8096: 8091: 8089:world rankings 8081: 8080: 8079: 8078: 8077: 8067: 8057: 8052: 8047: 8042: 8041: 8040: 8035: 8030: 8025: 8018:Computer chess 8015: 8014: 8013: 8003: 7997: 7995: 7989: 7988: 7981: 7980: 7973: 7966: 7958: 7949: 7948: 7946: 7945: 7935: 7924: 7921: 7920: 7918: 7917: 7916: 7915: 7910: 7900: 7895: 7890: 7885: 7880: 7875: 7870: 7868:Correspondence 7865: 7864: 7863: 7858: 7853: 7843: 7842: 7841: 7836: 7831: 7826: 7816: 7810: 7808: 7804: 7803: 7801: 7800: 7779: 7753: 7731: 7720: 7718: 7714: 7713: 7710: 7709: 7707: 7706: 7696: 7686: 7676: 7666: 7656: 7637: 7635: 7631: 7630: 7628: 7627: 7613: 7598: 7596: 7587: 7583: 7582: 7580: 7579: 7557: 7551: 7531: 7521: 7511: 7497: 7487: 7477: 7467: 7457: 7438: 7436: 7430: 7429: 7427: 7426: 7416: 7406: 7388: 7378: 7371:1910 (Nov–Dec) 7367:1910 (Jan–Feb) 7348: 7325: 7323: 7319: 7318: 7316: 7315: 7310: 7305: 7300: 7295: 7290: 7284: 7279: 7273: 7270: 7269: 7262: 7261: 7254: 7247: 7239: 7230: 7229: 7217: 7214: 7213: 7211: 7210: 7208:South American 7205: 7204: 7203: 7198: 7193: 7183: 7178: 7177: 7176: 7168: 7163: 7162: 7161: 7156: 7151: 7146: 7141: 7131: 7126: 7121: 7116: 7115: 7114: 7109: 7104: 7094: 7089: 7088: 7087: 7076: 7074: 7068: 7067: 7065: 7064: 7059: 7054: 7049: 7044: 7039: 7034: 7032:Computer Speed 7029: 7024: 7019: 7014: 7009: 7004: 6999: 6994: 6989: 6983: 6981: 6975: 6974: 6966: 6965: 6958: 6951: 6943: 6937: 6936: 6931: 6926: 6916: 6910: 6902: 6901:External links 6899: 6896: 6895: 6860: 6822: 6805:New York Times 6791: 6761: 6738: 6736:, 30 June 2020 6715: 6684: 6658: 6632: 6606: 6580: 6554: 6528: 6495: 6466: 6437: 6435:, 10 July 2008 6418: 6396: 6373: 6354: 6336:. p. 12. 6318: 6283: 6266:Chessgames.com 6253: 6226: 6199: 6173: 6137: 6104: 6077: 6047: 6025: 5989: 5963: 5933: 5906: 5872: 5845: 5813: 5796:GAMES Magazine 5779: 5762:"FIDE History" 5753: 5736:"FIDE History" 5723: 5708:. chessgames. 5697: 5678: 5658: 5649:Horowitz, I.A. 5640: 5614: 5595: 5568: 5532: 5503: 5467: 5456:on 16 May 2008 5440: 5402: 5362: 5346: 5320: 5294: 5275: 5229: 5199: 5167: 5146: 5119: 5099: 5060: 5053: 5041:Keene, Raymond 5032: 5019: 5005: 4992: 4968: 4949: 4942: 4924: 4917: 4899: 4892: 4874: 4848: 4828: 4809:David Lawson. 4801: 4777: 4741: 4715: 4696: 4684: 4660: 4631: 4613: 4594: 4570: 4549: 4533: 4509: 4488: 4456: 4435: 4422: 4403: 4363: 4345:. Chess Cafe. 4327: 4310: 4295: 4280: 4273: 4255: 4243: 4222: 4210: 4184: 4175: 4162: 4132: 4121: 4100: 4068: 4067: 4065: 4062: 4061: 4060: 4055: 4049: 4048: 4034: 4018: 4015: 4014: 4013: 3999: 3998: 3989: 3988: 3979: 3978: 3976:Chess Olympiad 3969: 3968: 3963: 3958: 3949: 3948: 3943: 3938: 3932: 3926: 3916: 3913: 3910: 3909: 3906: 3903: 3901: 3898: 3896: 3893: 3878: 3877: 3874: 3871: 3869: 3866: 3864: 3861: 3846: 3845: 3842: 3839: 3837: 3834: 3832: 3829: 3814: 3813: 3810: 3807: 3805: 3802: 3800: 3797: 3782: 3781: 3778: 3775: 3773: 3771: 3768: 3765: 3750: 3749: 3746: 3743: 3741: 3739: 3736: 3733: 3718: 3717: 3714: 3711: 3709: 3707: 3704: 3701: 3698:Vasily Smyslov 3686: 3685: 3682: 3679: 3677: 3675: 3672: 3669: 3654: 3653: 3650: 3647: 3645: 3643: 3640: 3637: 3622: 3621: 3618: 3615: 3613: 3611: 3608: 3605: 3590: 3589: 3586: 3583: 3581: 3579: 3576: 3573: 3558: 3557: 3554: 3551: 3549: 3547: 3544: 3541: 3526: 3525: 3522: 3519: 3516: 3514: 3511: 3508: 3493: 3492: 3489: 3486: 3484: 3482: 3479: 3476: 3454: 3453: 3450: 3447: 3445: 3443: 3440: 3437: 3422: 3421: 3418: 3415: 3413: 3410: 3407: 3404: 3389: 3388: 3385: 3382: 3380: 3378: 3375: 3372: 3369:Magnus Carlsen 3357: 3356: 3353: 3350: 3348: 3346: 3343: 3340: 3325: 3324: 3321: 3318: 3316: 3313: 3310: 3307: 3304:Anatoly Karpov 3285: 3284: 3281: 3278: 3275: 3273: 3270: 3267: 3264:Garry Kasparov 3245: 3244: 3241: 3238: 3236: 3234: 3231: 3228: 3225:Emanuel Lasker 3206: 3205: 3200: 3197: 3194: 3191: 3188: 3184: 3183: 3180: 3179:Number of wins 3177: 3166: 3163: 3160: 3159: 3156: 3143: 3138: 3134: 3133: 3130: 3117: 3115:Magnus Carlsen 3112: 3108: 3107: 3104: 3091: 3086: 3082: 3081: 3078: 3065: 3060: 3056: 3055: 3052: 3049: 3046: 3039: 3036: 3033: 3032: 3029: 3016: 3010: 3009: 3006: 2993: 2987: 2986: 2983: 2970: 2964: 2963: 2960: 2947: 2941: 2940: 2937: 2931: 2930: 2927: 2914: 2912:Anatoly Karpov 2908: 2907: 2904: 2901: 2894: 2891: 2888: 2887: 2884: 2879: 2875: 2874: 2871: 2858: 2856:Garry Kasparov 2853: 2849: 2848: 2845: 2842: 2839: 2832: 2829: 2826: 2825: 2822: 2797: 2795:Garry Kasparov 2792: 2788: 2787: 2784: 2771: 2769:Anatoly Karpov 2766: 2762: 2761: 2758: 2745: 2740: 2736: 2735: 2732: 2727: 2723: 2722: 2719: 2714: 2710: 2709: 2706: 2701: 2695: 2694: 2691: 2686: 2682: 2681: 2678: 2673: 2667: 2666: 2663: 2661:Vasily Smyslov 2658: 2654: 2653: 2650: 2637: 2632: 2628: 2627: 2624: 2621: 2618: 2611: 2608: 2605: 2604: 2596: 2595: 2592: 2580: 2575: 2569: 2568: 2565: 2552: 2547: 2543: 2542: 2539: 2527: 2522: 2518: 2517: 2514: 2501: 2496: 2492: 2491: 2488: 2465: 2463:Emanuel Lasker 2460: 2456: 2455: 2452: 2427: 2422: 2418: 2417: 2414: 2411: 2408: 2401: 2398: 2390: 2387: 2386: 2385: 2378: 2371: 2364: 2341: 2334: 2303: 2302: 2299: 2288: 2260: 2221: 2218: 2180: 2177: 2163:disrupted the 2148:; and against 2126:Magnus Carlsen 2114:Magnus Carlsen 2106: 2103: 2095:Magnus Carlsen 2045: 2042: 2021: 2018: 2016: 2013: 2003: 1996: 1995: 1988: 1981: 1980: 1973: 1966: 1965: 1958: 1951: 1950: 1949: 1948: 1947: 1809: 1806: 1782:Garry Kasparov 1750:Garry Kasparov 1739:Anatoly Karpov 1731: 1728: 1715:Anatoly Karpov 1606: 1603: 1593: 1586: 1585: 1578: 1571: 1570: 1565:Vasily Smyslov 1563: 1556: 1555: 1554: 1553: 1552: 1533:Vasily Smyslov 1478: 1475: 1455:Vasily Smyslov 1378:Main article: 1375: 1372: 1282:St. Petersburg 1263: 1260: 1258: 1255: 1190:Emanuel Lasker 1181: 1178: 1063: 1060: 1024:Dawid Janowski 1000:Frank Marshall 988:Emanuel Lasker 980: 977: 969:Emanuel Lasker 890: 887: 885: 882: 871:Emanuel Lasker 823:Gustav Neumann 819:Szymon Winawer 804:Ignatz Kolisch 756: 749: 748: 741: 734: 733: 732: 731: 730: 728: 725: 715: 708: 707: 700: 693: 692: 685: 678: 677: 670: 663: 662: 661: 660: 659: 546: 543: 541: 538: 530: 527: 523:computer chess 511:correspondence 453:Garry Kasparov 418:Magnus Carlsen 392: 391: 389: 388: 381: 374: 369: 364: 359: 354: 349: 344: 339: 334: 329: 324: 315: 314: 309: 304: 299: 294: 289: 284: 279: 270: 269: 264: 259: 254: 245: 244: 239: 234: 229: 224: 219: 214: 209: 204: 199: 194: 189: 184: 179: 174: 169: 164: 159: 154: 145: 144: 139: 134: 129: 124: 119: 114: 112:1910 (Nov–Dec) 109: 107:1910 (Jan–Feb) 104: 99: 94: 89: 84: 79: 74: 69: 60: 57: 56: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 12467: 12456: 12453: 12451: 12448: 12446: 12443: 12442: 12440: 12425: 12421: 12420: 12417: 12407: 12406: 12402: 12400: 12399: 12395: 12393: 12392: 12388: 12386: 12385: 12384:Rocket League 12381: 12379: 12378: 12374: 12372: 12371: 12367: 12365: 12364: 12360: 12358: 12357: 12353: 12351: 12350: 12346: 12344: 12343: 12339: 12337: 12336: 12332: 12330: 12329: 12325: 12323: 12322: 12318: 12316: 12315: 12311: 12309: 12308: 12304: 12302: 12301: 12297: 12296: 12294: 12292: 12288: 12282: 12279: 12275: 12272: 12270: 12267: 12265: 12262: 12260: 12259:long distance 12257: 12255: 12252: 12250: 12247: 12245: 12242: 12240: 12237: 12235: 12232: 12230: 12227: 12226: 12224: 12222: 12219: 12215: 12212: 12211: 12209: 12205: 12202: 12200: 12197: 12195: 12192: 12190: 12187: 12186: 12184: 12182: 12179: 12175: 12172: 12170: 12167: 12165: 12162: 12161: 12159: 12155: 12152: 12150: 12147: 12145: 12142: 12140: 12137: 12136: 12134: 12130: 12127: 12125: 12122: 12120: 12117: 12116: 12114: 12110: 12107: 12105: 12102: 12101: 12099: 12095: 12092: 12090: 12087: 12085: 12082: 12080: 12077: 12075: 12074:inline alpine 12072: 12070: 12067: 12066: 12065: 12064:Roller Sports 12062: 12060: 12057: 12055: 12052: 12050: 12047: 12043: 12040: 12038: 12037:mountain bike 12035: 12033: 12030: 12028: 12025: 12024: 12023:Orienteering 12022: 12020: 12019:Mounted games 12017: 12013: 12010: 12008: 12005: 12003: 12000: 11999: 11997: 11995: 11992: 11988: 11985: 11983: 11980: 11978: 11975: 11974: 11972: 11968: 11965: 11963: 11960: 11959: 11957: 11955: 11952: 11948: 11945: 11943: 11940: 11938: 11935: 11934: 11933: 11930: 11926: 11923: 11921: 11918: 11916: 11913: 11911: 11908: 11907: 11905: 11903: 11900: 11896: 11893: 11891: 11888: 11886: 11885:canoe sailing 11883: 11881: 11878: 11876: 11873: 11871: 11868: 11866: 11863: 11862: 11860: 11856: 11853: 11851: 11848: 11847: 11845: 11840: 11836: 11832: 11829: 11827: 11824: 11823: 11821: 11817: 11816:trail running 11814: 11812: 11809: 11807: 11804: 11802: 11799: 11797: 11794: 11792: 11789: 11787: 11784: 11782: 11779: 11777: 11776:half marathon 11774: 11772: 11771:cross country 11769: 11768: 11766: 11762: 11759: 11757: 11754: 11752: 11749: 11748: 11746: 11744: 11741: 11737: 11734: 11733: 11731: 11727: 11724: 11722: 11719: 11717: 11714: 11712: 11709: 11708: 11707: 11704: 11703: 11701: 11697: 11691: 11688: 11686: 11683: 11681: 11678: 11676: 11673: 11671: 11668: 11666: 11663: 11659: 11656: 11654: 11651: 11650: 11648: 11644: 11641: 11639: 11636: 11635: 11633: 11629: 11626: 11624: 11621: 11619: 11616: 11615: 11614:Rugby league 11613: 11609: 11606: 11604: 11601: 11600: 11598: 11594: 11591: 11589: 11586: 11585: 11584:Roller derby 11583: 11581: 11578: 11576: 11573: 11571: 11568: 11566: 11563: 11561: 11558: 11556: 11553: 11551: 11548: 11546: 11543: 11539: 11536: 11535: 11533: 11531: 11528: 11524: 11521: 11519: 11516: 11515: 11513: 11511: 11510:Inline hockey 11508: 11504: 11501: 11499: 11496: 11495: 11493: 11489: 11486: 11484: 11481: 11479: 11476: 11474: 11471: 11470: 11468: 11464: 11461: 11459: 11456: 11455: 11453: 11451: 11450:Flag football 11448: 11446: 11443: 11441: 11438: 11434: 11431: 11430: 11428: 11426: 11423: 11421: 11418: 11416: 11413: 11411: 11408: 11404: 11401: 11399: 11396: 11394: 11391: 11389: 11386: 11384: 11381: 11380: 11378: 11374: 11371: 11369: 11366: 11364: 11361: 11359: 11356: 11355: 11353: 11351: 11348: 11346: 11343: 11341: 11338: 11334: 11331: 11329: 11326: 11325: 11323: 11322: 11320: 11316: 11313: 11309: 11299: 11298:Tank biathlon 11296: 11292: 11289: 11287: 11284: 11283: 11282: 11279: 11275: 11272: 11270: 11267: 11265: 11262: 11260: 11257: 11256: 11255:Powerboating 11254: 11250: 11247: 11245: 11242: 11241: 11239: 11238: 11236: 11232: 11224: 11221: 11220: 11218: 11214: 11211: 11210: 11209: 11206: 11202: 11199: 11198: 11197: 11194: 11190: 11187: 11185: 11182: 11180: 11177: 11175: 11172: 11170: 11167: 11166: 11164: 11162: 11159: 11155: 11152: 11151: 11150: 11147: 11143: 11140: 11138: 11135: 11133: 11130: 11128: 11125: 11124: 11122: 11118: 11115: 11113: 11110: 11108: 11105: 11103: 11100: 11098: 11095: 11091: 11088: 11087: 11086: 11083: 11082: 11080: 11076: 11073: 11071: 11068: 11066: 11063: 11061: 11058: 11057: 11055: 11051: 11048: 11046: 11043: 11042: 11040: 11036: 11033: 11031: 11028: 11026: 11023: 11022: 11021: 11018: 11016: 11013: 11012: 11010: 11008: 11004: 10998: 10995: 10993: 10990: 10986: 10983: 10982: 10981: 10978: 10976: 10973: 10971: 10968: 10966: 10963: 10961: 10958: 10956: 10953: 10951: 10948: 10947: 10945: 10943: 10939: 10936: 10934: 10930: 10924: 10921: 10919: 10916: 10914: 10911: 10909: 10906: 10904: 10901: 10897: 10894: 10892: 10889: 10887: 10884: 10882: 10879: 10877: 10874: 10873: 10871: 10867: 10864: 10862: 10859: 10857: 10854: 10853: 10851: 10849: 10846: 10844: 10841: 10840: 10838: 10836: 10832: 10824: 10821: 10819: 10816: 10814: 10811: 10809: 10806: 10804: 10801: 10800: 10798: 10794: 10793:straight pool 10791: 10789: 10786: 10784: 10781: 10779: 10776: 10774: 10771: 10769: 10768:men nine-ball 10766: 10764: 10761: 10759: 10756: 10754: 10751: 10750: 10748: 10744: 10741: 10739: 10736: 10735: 10734: 10731: 10727: 10724: 10720: 10717: 10715: 10712: 10711: 10709: 10705: 10702: 10700: 10697: 10695: 10692: 10691: 10689: 10688: 10686: 10685: 10683: 10681: 10677: 10671: 10668: 10664: 10661: 10660: 10658: 10656: 10653: 10651: 10648: 10646: 10643: 10641: 10638: 10636: 10633: 10631: 10628: 10626: 10623: 10622: 10620: 10618: 10617:Combat sports 10614: 10604: 10601: 10599: 10596: 10592: 10589: 10587: 10584: 10583: 10581: 10579: 10576: 10574: 10571: 10569: 10566: 10562: 10559: 10557: 10556:track cycling 10554: 10553: 10551: 10549: 10546: 10543: 10541: 10538: 10536: 10533: 10531: 10528: 10527: 10525: 10521: 10515: 10512: 10510: 10507: 10503: 10500: 10499: 10497: 10495: 10492: 10490: 10487: 10485: 10482: 10478: 10475: 10473: 10470: 10469: 10467: 10465: 10462: 10461: 10459: 10455: 10452: 10450: 10446: 10434: 10431: 10429: 10426: 10425: 10423: 10421: 10418: 10416: 10413: 10411: 10408: 10404: 10401: 10399: 10396: 10395: 10393: 10391: 10388: 10384: 10381: 10379: 10376: 10375: 10373: 10371: 10370:Basque pelota 10368: 10367: 10365: 10361: 10355: 10352: 10350: 10349:Weightlifting 10347: 10343: 10340: 10339: 10338: 10335: 10331: 10328: 10326: 10323: 10322: 10320: 10318: 10315: 10313: 10310: 10308: 10305: 10303: 10300: 10296: 10293: 10291: 10288: 10286: 10283: 10281: 10278: 10277: 10275: 10273: 10272:Skateboarding 10270: 10268: 10265: 10261: 10258: 10257: 10256: 10253: 10251: 10248: 10246: 10243: 10239: 10238:natural track 10236: 10234: 10231: 10230: 10228: 10226: 10223: 10219: 10216: 10214: 10211: 10209: 10206: 10205: 10203: 10199: 10196: 10194: 10191: 10189: 10186: 10185: 10184: 10181: 10177: 10174: 10172: 10169: 10168: 10166: 10164: 10161: 10157: 10154: 10152: 10149: 10147: 10144: 10143: 10142: 10141:Equestrianism 10139: 10135: 10132: 10131: 10129: 10125: 10122: 10120: 10117: 10115: 10112: 10110: 10107: 10105: 10102: 10101: 10099: 10095: 10092: 10090: 10087: 10086: 10084: 10080: 10077: 10076: 10075: 10072: 10070: 10067: 10065: 10062: 10058: 10055: 10053: 10050: 10048: 10045: 10043: 10040: 10039: 10037: 10033: 10030: 10028: 10025: 10024: 10022: 10020: 10017: 10015: 10012: 10011: 10009: 10007: 10003: 9995: 9992: 9990: 9987: 9986: 9984: 9980: 9977: 9975: 9972: 9970: 9967: 9965: 9962: 9961: 9959: 9955: 9952: 9950: 9947: 9946: 9944: 9942: 9939: 9935: 9932: 9930: 9927: 9926: 9924: 9920: 9917: 9915: 9912: 9911: 9909: 9905: 9902: 9900: 9897: 9896: 9895:Field hockey 9894: 9890: 9887: 9885: 9884:mixed doubles 9882: 9881: 9880: 9877: 9875: 9872: 9868: 9865: 9863: 9860: 9858: 9855: 9853: 9850: 9849: 9847: 9843: 9840: 9838: 9835: 9834: 9832: 9828: 9825: 9823: 9820: 9818: 9815: 9813: 9810: 9809: 9807: 9806: 9804: 9802: 9798: 9795: 9793: 9789: 9783: 9780: 9779: 9776: 9772: 9765: 9760: 9758: 9753: 9751: 9746: 9745: 9742: 9730: 9727: 9725: 9720: 9715: 9714: 9711: 9705: 9704:Solving chess 9702: 9700: 9697: 9695: 9694:Chess prodigy 9692: 9688: 9685: 9683: 9680: 9679: 9678: 9677:Chess problem 9675: 9671: 9668: 9666: 9663: 9661: 9658: 9656: 9653: 9652: 9651: 9648: 9646: 9643: 9641: 9638: 9636: 9633: 9631: 9628: 9627: 9625: 9621: 9615: 9612: 9610: 9607: 9605: 9602: 9598: 9597: 9593: 9591: 9588: 9586: 9585:opening books 9583: 9582: 9581: 9578: 9574: 9573:short stories 9571: 9569: 9566: 9564: 9561: 9559: 9556: 9554: 9551: 9549: 9546: 9545: 9544: 9541: 9539: 9536: 9534: 9531: 9530: 9528: 9526:Art and media 9524: 9516: 9513: 9511: 9508: 9506: 9503: 9501: 9498: 9496: 9493: 9491: 9488: 9487: 9485: 9481: 9478: 9476: 9473: 9471: 9468: 9466: 9463: 9461: 9458: 9456: 9453: 9451: 9448: 9446: 9443: 9441: 9438: 9436: 9433: 9432: 9430: 9426: 9423: 9421: 9418: 9416: 9413: 9411: 9408: 9407: 9406: 9403: 9399: 9396: 9395: 9394: 9391: 9389: 9386: 9385: 9383: 9381: 9377: 9371: 9368: 9366: 9363: 9361: 9358: 9356: 9353: 9351: 9348: 9344: 9341: 9339: 9338:triangulation 9336: 9334: 9333:Tarrasch rule 9331: 9329: 9326: 9324: 9321: 9320: 9318: 9314: 9311: 9309: 9306: 9305: 9304: 9301: 9299: 9296: 9294: 9293:Queen vs pawn 9291: 9289: 9286: 9284: 9281: 9279: 9276: 9274: 9271: 9269: 9266: 9265: 9263: 9261: 9257: 9245: 9242: 9240: 9237: 9235: 9232: 9231: 9230: 9227: 9225: 9222: 9218: 9215: 9214: 9213: 9210: 9209: 9207: 9203: 9197: 9194: 9192: 9189: 9185: 9182: 9180: 9177: 9175: 9172: 9170: 9167: 9165: 9162: 9161: 9160: 9157: 9155: 9152: 9150: 9149:London System 9147: 9143: 9140: 9138: 9135: 9133: 9130: 9128: 9125: 9123: 9120: 9118: 9115: 9113: 9110: 9108: 9107:Modern Benoni 9105: 9103: 9100: 9099: 9098: 9095: 9093: 9090: 9088: 9087:Dutch Defence 9085: 9083: 9080: 9078: 9075: 9074: 9072: 9070: 9066: 9058: 9055: 9053: 9050: 9048: 9044: 9041: 9039: 9036: 9035: 9034: 9031: 9029: 9026: 9022: 9019: 9018: 9017: 9014: 9012: 9009: 9005: 9002: 9000: 8997: 8995: 8992: 8990: 8987: 8985: 8982: 8980: 8977: 8975: 8972: 8970: 8967: 8965: 8964:King's Gambit 8962: 8960: 8957: 8955: 8952: 8950: 8947: 8946: 8945: 8942: 8940: 8937: 8935: 8932: 8930: 8927: 8925: 8922: 8920: 8917: 8916: 8914: 8912: 8908: 8900: 8897: 8895: 8892: 8891: 8890: 8887: 8885: 8882: 8880: 8879:Grob's Attack 8877: 8875: 8872: 8870: 8869:Dunst Opening 8867: 8865: 8862: 8860: 8859:Benko Opening 8857: 8856: 8854: 8852: 8851:Flank opening 8848: 8845: 8843: 8839: 8833: 8830: 8828: 8825: 8823: 8820: 8816: 8813: 8811: 8808: 8806: 8803: 8801: 8798: 8797: 8796: 8793: 8791: 8788: 8784: 8781: 8780: 8779: 8776: 8772: 8769: 8768: 8767: 8764: 8762: 8759: 8758: 8756: 8754: 8750: 8744: 8741: 8739: 8736: 8734: 8731: 8729: 8726: 8724: 8721: 8717: 8714: 8713: 8712: 8709: 8707: 8704: 8702: 8699: 8697: 8694: 8692: 8689: 8687: 8684: 8682: 8679: 8677: 8674: 8672: 8669: 8667: 8664: 8662: 8659: 8657: 8654: 8652: 8649: 8647: 8644: 8640: 8637: 8636: 8635: 8632: 8630: 8627: 8626: 8624: 8622: 8618: 8612: 8609: 8607: 8606:Transposition 8604: 8602: 8599: 8597: 8594: 8590: 8587: 8585: 8582: 8580: 8577: 8575: 8572: 8570: 8567: 8566: 8565: 8562: 8560: 8557: 8553: 8550: 8549: 8548: 8545: 8543: 8540: 8538: 8535: 8533: 8530: 8528: 8525: 8521: 8518: 8516: 8513: 8511: 8508: 8506: 8503: 8501: 8498: 8497: 8496: 8493: 8491: 8488: 8487: 8485: 8483: 8479: 8473: 8470: 8468: 8465: 8461: 8458: 8457: 8456: 8453: 8451: 8448: 8446: 8445: 8441: 8437: 8434: 8432: 8429: 8427: 8424: 8422: 8419: 8417: 8414: 8413: 8412: 8409: 8407: 8404: 8402: 8399: 8397: 8394: 8392: 8389: 8388: 8386: 8384: 8380: 8372: 8369: 8367: 8364: 8362: 8359: 8358: 8357: 8356:Chess museums 8354: 8352: 8349: 8345: 8342: 8340: 8337: 8335: 8332: 8331: 8330: 8327: 8325: 8324:Notable games 8322: 8318: 8315: 8311: 8308: 8306: 8303: 8302: 8301: 8298: 8296: 8293: 8289: 8286: 8285: 8284: 8281: 8280: 8279: 8276: 8272: 8269: 8267: 8264: 8262: 8259: 8257: 8254: 8252: 8249: 8247: 8244: 8242: 8241: 8237: 8235: 8234: 8230: 8229: 8228: 8225: 8224: 8222: 8220: 8216: 8209: 8203: 8201: 8198: 8196: 8193: 8189: 8186: 8184: 8181: 8179: 8176: 8174: 8171: 8169: 8166: 8164: 8161: 8159: 8156: 8155: 8154: 8151: 8147: 8144: 8142: 8139: 8137: 8134: 8133: 8132: 8129: 8128: 8126: 8124: 8120: 8114: 8113:World records 8111: 8107: 8104: 8103: 8102: 8099: 8095: 8092: 8090: 8087: 8086: 8085: 8084:Rating system 8082: 8076: 8073: 8072: 8071: 8068: 8066: 8063: 8062: 8061: 8058: 8056: 8053: 8051: 8048: 8046: 8043: 8039: 8036: 8034: 8031: 8029: 8026: 8024: 8021: 8020: 8019: 8016: 8012: 8009: 8008: 8007: 8004: 8002: 7999: 7998: 7996: 7994: 7990: 7986: 7979: 7974: 7972: 7967: 7965: 7960: 7959: 7956: 7944: 7940: 7936: 7934: 7926: 7925: 7922: 7914: 7911: 7909: 7906: 7905: 7904: 7901: 7899: 7896: 7894: 7891: 7889: 7886: 7884: 7881: 7879: 7876: 7874: 7871: 7869: 7866: 7862: 7859: 7857: 7854: 7852: 7849: 7848: 7847: 7844: 7840: 7837: 7835: 7832: 7830: 7827: 7825: 7822: 7821: 7820: 7817: 7815: 7812: 7811: 7809: 7805: 7799: 7798: 7793: 7792: 7787: 7783: 7780: 7777: 7773: 7769: 7765: 7761: 7757: 7754: 7751: 7747: 7743: 7739: 7735: 7732: 7729: 7725: 7722: 7721: 7719: 7715: 7704: 7700: 7697: 7694: 7690: 7687: 7684: 7680: 7677: 7674: 7670: 7667: 7664: 7660: 7657: 7654: 7650: 7646: 7642: 7639: 7638: 7636: 7632: 7625: 7621: 7617: 7614: 7611: 7607: 7603: 7600: 7599: 7597: 7595: 7594:PCA/Classical 7591: 7588: 7584: 7577: 7573: 7569: 7565: 7561: 7558: 7555: 7552: 7549: 7545: 7541: 7537: 7536: 7532: 7529: 7525: 7522: 7519: 7515: 7512: 7509: 7505: 7501: 7498: 7495: 7491: 7488: 7485: 7481: 7478: 7475: 7471: 7468: 7465: 7461: 7458: 7455: 7451: 7447: 7443: 7440: 7439: 7437: 7435: 7431: 7424: 7420: 7417: 7414: 7410: 7407: 7404: 7400: 7396: 7392: 7389: 7386: 7382: 7379: 7376: 7372: 7368: 7364: 7360: 7356: 7352: 7349: 7346: 7342: 7338: 7334: 7330: 7327: 7326: 7324: 7320: 7314: 7311: 7309: 7306: 7304: 7301: 7299: 7296: 7294: 7291: 7288: 7285: 7283: 7280: 7278: 7275: 7274: 7271: 7267: 7260: 7255: 7253: 7248: 7246: 7241: 7240: 7237: 7224: 7215: 7209: 7206: 7202: 7199: 7197: 7194: 7192: 7189: 7188: 7187: 7184: 7182: 7179: 7175: 7172: 7171: 7169: 7167: 7166:Mediterranean 7164: 7160: 7157: 7155: 7152: 7150: 7147: 7145: 7142: 7140: 7137: 7136: 7135: 7132: 7130: 7127: 7125: 7122: 7120: 7117: 7113: 7110: 7108: 7105: 7103: 7100: 7099: 7098: 7095: 7093: 7090: 7086: 7083: 7082: 7081: 7078: 7077: 7075: 7073: 7072:Supranational 7069: 7063: 7060: 7058: 7055: 7053: 7050: 7048: 7045: 7043: 7040: 7038: 7035: 7033: 7030: 7028: 7025: 7023: 7020: 7018: 7015: 7013: 7010: 7008: 7005: 7003: 7000: 6998: 6995: 6993: 6990: 6988: 6985: 6984: 6982: 6980: 6976: 6971: 6964: 6959: 6957: 6952: 6950: 6945: 6944: 6941: 6935: 6932: 6930: 6927: 6924: 6920: 6917: 6914: 6911: 6908: 6905: 6904: 6892: 6879: 6875: 6871: 6864: 6857: 6845: 6841: 6837: 6833: 6826: 6810: 6806: 6802: 6795: 6779: 6775: 6771: 6765: 6758: 6754: 6750: 6747: 6742: 6735: 6731: 6727: 6724: 6719: 6703: 6699: 6695: 6688: 6672: 6668: 6662: 6646: 6642: 6636: 6620: 6616: 6610: 6594: 6590: 6584: 6568: 6564: 6558: 6542: 6538: 6532: 6526: 6522: 6519: 6515: 6511: 6507: 6504: 6499: 6492: 6481: 6477: 6470: 6463: 6452: 6448: 6441: 6434: 6430: 6427: 6422: 6416: 6412: 6409: 6408:Jeremy Silman 6405: 6400: 6393: 6389: 6385: 6382: 6377: 6370: 6366: 6363: 6358: 6352: 6339: 6335: 6334: 6329: 6322: 6316: 6303: 6299: 6298: 6293: 6287: 6271: 6267: 6263: 6257: 6241: 6237: 6230: 6214: 6210: 6203: 6187: 6183: 6177: 6158: 6151: 6147: 6141: 6122: 6115: 6108: 6092: 6088: 6081: 6065: 6061: 6054: 6052: 6043: 6039: 6035: 6029: 6010: 6003: 5996: 5994: 5985: 5981: 5977: 5973: 5967: 5951: 5947: 5943: 5937: 5921: 5917: 5910: 5894: 5890: 5889:"Interregnum" 5883: 5881: 5879: 5877: 5860: 5856: 5849: 5842: 5828: 5824: 5817: 5801: 5797: 5793: 5789: 5783: 5767: 5763: 5757: 5741: 5737: 5730: 5728: 5711: 5707: 5701: 5685: 5681: 5679:0-486-23145-3 5675: 5671: 5670: 5662: 5654: 5650: 5644: 5628: 5624: 5618: 5602: 5598: 5596:1-4191-1280-5 5592: 5589:. Kessinger. 5588: 5587: 5582: 5575: 5573: 5556: 5552: 5548: 5547: 5542: 5536: 5520: 5516: 5510: 5508: 5500: 5485: 5481: 5474: 5472: 5455: 5451: 5444: 5428: 5424: 5417: 5415: 5413: 5411: 5409: 5407: 5397: 5381: 5377: 5371: 5369: 5367: 5359: 5353: 5351: 5334: 5330: 5324: 5308: 5304: 5298: 5282: 5278: 5276:0-7864-1193-7 5272: 5269:. McFarland. 5268: 5267: 5247: 5240: 5233: 5217: 5213: 5212:Rafael Leitão 5209: 5203: 5187: 5183: 5182: 5177: 5171: 5163: 5159: 5156: 5150: 5134: 5130: 5127:Weeks, Mark. 5123: 5115: 5108: 5106: 5104: 5084: 5080: 5073: 5067: 5065: 5056: 5054:0-02-028700-3 5050: 5046: 5042: 5036: 5029: 5023: 5016: 5009: 5002: 5001:Raymond Keene 4996: 4989: 4988:0-19-866164-9 4985: 4981: 4975: 4973: 4965: 4961: 4958: 4953: 4945: 4939: 4935: 4928: 4920: 4914: 4910: 4903: 4895: 4889: 4885: 4878: 4863: 4859: 4852: 4845: 4839: 4837: 4835: 4833: 4816: 4812: 4805: 4798: 4794:. p. 4. 4790: 4789: 4781: 4774: 4770: 4766: 4763: 4758: 4756: 4754: 4752: 4750: 4748: 4746: 4729: 4725: 4719: 4712: 4708: 4705: 4700: 4693: 4688: 4681: 4680:0-19-866164-9 4677: 4673: 4667: 4665: 4648: 4644: 4643: 4634: 4632:1-84382-089-7 4628: 4624: 4617: 4601: 4597: 4595:1-4191-1280-5 4591: 4588:. Kessinger. 4587: 4586: 4581: 4574: 4567: 4566:0-19-866164-9 4563: 4559: 4553: 4546: 4540: 4538: 4530: 4529:0-19-866164-9 4526: 4522: 4516: 4514: 4506: 4505:0-19-866164-9 4502: 4498: 4492: 4476: 4472: 4466: 4460: 4453: 4452:0-19-866164-9 4449: 4445: 4439: 4432: 4426: 4419: 4415: 4412: 4407: 4400: 4399:George Walker 4386: 4382: 4378: 4374: 4367: 4348: 4341: 4334: 4332: 4323: 4322: 4314: 4308: 4306: 4299: 4291: 4284: 4276: 4274:0-7100-8266-5 4270: 4266: 4259: 4250: 4248: 4240: 4239:0-19-866164-9 4236: 4232: 4226: 4217: 4215: 4199: 4195: 4188: 4179: 4173:, pp. 863–865 4172: 4166: 4150: 4146: 4139: 4137: 4129: 4124: 4118: 4114: 4107: 4105: 4088: 4084: 4080: 4073: 4069: 4059: 4056: 4054: 4051: 4050: 4046: 4040: 4035: 4032: 4026: 4021: 4011: 4007: 4004: 4003: 4002: 3997: 3994: 3993: 3992: 3987: 3984: 3983: 3982: 3977: 3974: 3973: 3972: 3967: 3964: 3962: 3959: 3957: 3954: 3953: 3952: 3947: 3944: 3942: 3939: 3936: 3933: 3930: 3927: 3925: 3922: 3921: 3920: 3907: 3904: 3902: 3899: 3897: 3894: 3891: 3886: 3879: 3875: 3872: 3870: 3867: 3865: 3862: 3859: 3854: 3847: 3843: 3840: 3838: 3835: 3833: 3830: 3827: 3822: 3815: 3811: 3808: 3806: 3803: 3801: 3798: 3795: 3790: 3783: 3779: 3776: 3774: 3772: 3769: 3766: 3763: 3758: 3751: 3747: 3744: 3742: 3740: 3737: 3734: 3731: 3726: 3719: 3715: 3712: 3710: 3708: 3705: 3702: 3699: 3694: 3687: 3683: 3680: 3678: 3676: 3673: 3670: 3667: 3662: 3655: 3651: 3648: 3646: 3644: 3641: 3638: 3635: 3634:Bobby Fischer 3630: 3623: 3619: 3616: 3614: 3612: 3609: 3606: 3603: 3602:Boris Spassky 3598: 3591: 3587: 3584: 3582: 3580: 3577: 3574: 3571: 3566: 3559: 3555: 3552: 3550: 3548: 3545: 3542: 3539: 3534: 3527: 3523: 3520: 3517: 3515: 3512: 3509: 3506: 3501: 3494: 3490: 3487: 3485: 3483: 3480: 3477: 3474: 3469: 3462: 3455: 3451: 3448: 3446: 3444: 3441: 3438: 3435: 3430: 3423: 3419: 3416: 3414: 3411: 3408: 3405: 3402: 3397: 3390: 3386: 3383: 3381: 3379: 3376: 3373: 3370: 3365: 3358: 3354: 3351: 3349: 3347: 3344: 3341: 3338: 3333: 3326: 3322: 3319: 3317: 3314: 3311: 3308: 3305: 3300: 3293: 3286: 3282: 3279: 3276: 3274: 3271: 3268: 3265: 3260: 3253: 3246: 3242: 3239: 3237: 3235: 3232: 3229: 3226: 3221: 3214: 3207: 3201: 3198: 3195: 3192: 3189: 3186: 3185: 3174: 3171: 3158:2023–present 3157: 3155: 3144: 3142: 3139: 3136: 3135: 3131: 3129: 3118: 3116: 3113: 3110: 3109: 3105: 3103: 3092: 3090: 3087: 3084: 3083: 3079: 3077: 3066: 3064: 3061: 3058: 3057: 3053: 3050: 3047: 3044: 3043: 3030: 3028: 3017: 3015: 3012: 3011: 3007: 3005: 2994: 2992: 2989: 2988: 2984: 2982: 2971: 2969: 2966: 2965: 2961: 2959: 2948: 2946: 2943: 2942: 2938: 2936: 2933: 2932: 2928: 2926: 2913: 2910: 2909: 2905: 2902: 2899: 2898: 2885: 2883: 2880: 2877: 2876: 2872: 2870: 2857: 2854: 2851: 2850: 2846: 2843: 2840: 2837: 2836: 2823: 2821: 2809: 2798: 2796: 2793: 2790: 2789: 2785: 2783: 2772: 2770: 2767: 2764: 2763: 2759: 2757: 2756:United States 2746: 2744: 2743:Bobby Fischer 2741: 2738: 2737: 2733: 2731: 2730:Boris Spassky 2728: 2725: 2724: 2720: 2718: 2715: 2712: 2711: 2707: 2705: 2702: 2700: 2697: 2696: 2692: 2690: 2687: 2684: 2683: 2679: 2677: 2674: 2672: 2669: 2668: 2664: 2662: 2659: 2656: 2655: 2651: 2649: 2636: 2633: 2630: 2629: 2625: 2622: 2619: 2616: 2615: 2603: 2602: 2597: 2593: 2591: 2581: 2579: 2576: 2574: 2571: 2570: 2566: 2564: 2553: 2551: 2548: 2545: 2544: 2540: 2538: 2528: 2526: 2523: 2520: 2519: 2515: 2513: 2502: 2500: 2497: 2494: 2493: 2489: 2487: 2482: 2476: 2471: 2466: 2464: 2461: 2458: 2457: 2453: 2451: 2450:United States 2439: 2428: 2426: 2423: 2420: 2419: 2415: 2412: 2409: 2406: 2405: 2396: 2383: 2379: 2376: 2372: 2369: 2365: 2362: 2358: 2354: 2350: 2346: 2342: 2339: 2335: 2332: 2328: 2324: 2320: 2316: 2312: 2308: 2307: 2306: 2300: 2297: 2293: 2289: 2286: 2282: 2277: 2273: 2269: 2265: 2261: 2259:(since 2005). 2258: 2254: 2250: 2246: 2242: 2241: 2240: 2237: 2235: 2232:in 1946, the 2231: 2226: 2217: 2215: 2211: 2207: 2202: 2198: 2189: 2185: 2176: 2174: 2170: 2166: 2162: 2157: 2155: 2151: 2147: 2143: 2139: 2133: 2131: 2127: 2123: 2115: 2111: 2102: 2100: 2099:Boris Gelfand 2096: 2092: 2087: 2085: 2081: 2077: 2072: 2070: 2066: 2062: 2054: 2050: 2041: 2038: 2030: 2026: 2006: 2000: 1991: 1985: 1976: 1970: 1961: 1955: 1946: 1944: 1940: 1936: 1931: 1928: 1924: 1920: 1916: 1911: 1909: 1905: 1901: 1897: 1893: 1889: 1885: 1880: 1876: 1870: 1867: 1866:won the match 1863: 1859: 1858:Alexei Shirov 1854: 1852: 1848: 1844: 1840: 1834: 1832: 1828: 1824: 1819: 1815: 1805: 1803: 1799: 1795: 1791: 1787: 1783: 1778: 1776: 1772: 1768: 1764: 1760: 1751: 1747: 1740: 1736: 1727: 1725: 1719: 1716: 1711: 1709: 1705: 1702: 1698: 1697:Boris Spassky 1693: 1684: 1680: 1679:Boris Spassky 1676: 1668: 1664: 1663:Bobby Fischer 1660: 1656: 1654: 1653:Boris Spassky 1649: 1644: 1642: 1641:Yuri Averbakh 1638: 1634: 1630: 1626: 1625:Bobby Fischer 1620: 1616: 1612: 1596: 1590: 1581: 1575: 1566: 1560: 1551: 1549: 1545: 1540: 1538: 1534: 1530: 1526: 1522: 1521:Yuri Averbakh 1518: 1513: 1508: 1504: 1500: 1496: 1492: 1488: 1484: 1474: 1472: 1466: 1464: 1460: 1456: 1452: 1448: 1444: 1440: 1436: 1432: 1428: 1424: 1420: 1416: 1408: 1404: 1400: 1397: 1392: 1391: 1386: 1381: 1371: 1369: 1365: 1361: 1356: 1352: 1347: 1343: 1334: 1330: 1326: 1322: 1320: 1315: 1311: 1307: 1303: 1297: 1295: 1291: 1287: 1283: 1277: 1273: 1269: 1254: 1252: 1248: 1244: 1240: 1236: 1231: 1228:played their 1227: 1223: 1219: 1215: 1211: 1205: 1203: 1199: 1195: 1191: 1187: 1177: 1175: 1171: 1167: 1163: 1158: 1156: 1152: 1148: 1142: 1140: 1135: 1131: 1127: 1122: 1120: 1116: 1112: 1108: 1104: 1100: 1096: 1090: 1083: 1079: 1072: 1068: 1059: 1057: 1052: 1048: 1044: 1039: 1036: 1031: 1029: 1028:later in 1910 1025: 1021: 1017: 1013: 1009: 1005: 1001: 997: 989: 985: 976: 974: 970: 966: 961: 959: 955: 951: 947: 943: 938: 935:In 1887, the 933: 931: 927: 923: 919: 915: 910: 903: 899: 895: 881: 879: 874: 872: 866: 864: 859: 855: 851: 847: 842: 840: 836: 832: 828: 824: 820: 816: 812: 807: 805: 801: 800:Louis Paulsen 797: 792: 790: 785: 783: 778: 774: 770: 759: 753: 744: 738: 718: 712: 703: 697: 688: 682: 673: 667: 658: 656: 652: 651:Ludwig Bledow 648: 644: 636: 632: 627: 623: 621: 620: 615: 611: 610:George Walker 606: 604: 600: 596: 592: 588: 587:William Lewis 584: 579: 577: 573: 569: 565: 561: 556: 552: 536: 526: 524: 520: 516: 512: 508: 504: 500: 496: 492: 488: 483: 481: 477: 473: 469: 465: 460: 458: 454: 450: 446: 442: 438: 434: 430: 426: 421: 419: 415: 411: 407: 403: 399: 387: 386: 382: 380: 379: 375: 373: 370: 368: 365: 363: 360: 358: 355: 353: 350: 348: 345: 343: 340: 338: 335: 333: 330: 328: 325: 323: 320: 319: 318: 313: 310: 308: 305: 303: 300: 298: 295: 293: 290: 288: 285: 283: 280: 278: 275: 274: 273: 268: 265: 263: 260: 258: 255: 253: 250: 249: 248: 243: 240: 238: 235: 233: 230: 228: 225: 223: 220: 218: 215: 213: 210: 208: 205: 203: 200: 198: 195: 193: 190: 188: 185: 183: 180: 178: 175: 173: 170: 168: 165: 163: 160: 158: 155: 153: 150: 149: 148: 143: 140: 138: 135: 133: 130: 128: 125: 123: 120: 118: 115: 113: 110: 108: 105: 103: 100: 98: 95: 93: 90: 88: 85: 83: 80: 78: 75: 73: 70: 68: 65: 64: 63: 59: 58: 55: 52: 51: 45: 41: 35: 30: 19: 12404: 12398:StarCraft II 12397: 12390: 12383: 12376: 12369: 12362: 12355: 12348: 12341: 12334: 12327: 12320: 12313: 12306: 12300:Call of Duty 12299: 12244:Ironman 70.3 12214:short course 12054:Powerlifting 11994:Ice Climbing 11743:Armwrestling 11736:water skiing 11634:Rugby union 11560:Padel tennis 11550:Minifootball 11420:Beach tennis 11415:Beach soccer 11373:women's club 11311:Other sports 11249:Aerobatic GP 11112:Sidecarcross 10855: 10603:Table tennis 10568:Powerlifting 10561:road cycling 10363:Discontinued 10312:Table tennis 10295:snowboarding 10204:Ice skating 10156:show jumping 10134:breakdancing 10130:Dance sport 10032:race walking 9979:women's club 9827:women's club 9650:Chess engine 9635:Chess boxing 9595: 9404: 9365:Wrong bishop 9217:theory table 9191:Torre Attack 9174:Slav Defence 9082:Colle System 9057:Scheveningen 9016:Pirc Defence 8959:Italian Game 8954:Giuoco Piano 8899:Réti Opening 8822:Piece values 8810:Maróczy Bind 8771:the exchange 8761:Compensation 8691:Interference 8681:Double check 8455:Time control 8442: 8416:by agreement 8344:grandmasters 8288:South Africa 8238: 8231: 8207:Score sheets 8153:Chess pieces 8060:Online chess 8006:Chess titles 8001:Chess theory 7795: 7789: 7693:Kasimdzhanov 7533: 7265: 7226:}} 7220:{{ 7186:Pan American 7124:Commonwealth 6986: 6889: 6882:. Retrieved 6873: 6863: 6855: 6848:. Retrieved 6835: 6825: 6813:. Retrieved 6804: 6794: 6782:. Retrieved 6773: 6764: 6741: 6718: 6706:. Retrieved 6697: 6687: 6675:. Retrieved 6671:the original 6661: 6649:. Retrieved 6635: 6623:. Retrieved 6609: 6597:. Retrieved 6583: 6571:. Retrieved 6557: 6545:. Retrieved 6531: 6498: 6490: 6485:21 September 6483:. Retrieved 6479: 6469: 6461: 6456:21 September 6454:. Retrieved 6450: 6440: 6421: 6399: 6376: 6357: 6342:. Retrieved 6331: 6321: 6306:. Retrieved 6302:the original 6295: 6286: 6274:. Retrieved 6265: 6256: 6246:16 September 6244:. Retrieved 6229: 6219:16 September 6217:. Retrieved 6202: 6192:16 September 6190:. Retrieved 6176: 6166:16 September 6164:. Retrieved 6140: 6130:16 September 6128:. Retrieved 6107: 6097:16 September 6095:. Retrieved 6091:the original 6080: 6070:16 September 6068:. Retrieved 6037: 6028: 6018:16 September 6016:. Retrieved 5975: 5966: 5954:. Retrieved 5945: 5936: 5926:15 September 5924:. 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Retrieved 4804: 4795: 4787: 4780: 4734:15 September 4732:. Retrieved 4718: 4699: 4687: 4671: 4651:. Retrieved 4641: 4622: 4616: 4604:. Retrieved 4584: 4573: 4557: 4552: 4520: 4496: 4491: 4479:. Retrieved 4464: 4459: 4443: 4438: 4425: 4406: 4389:. Retrieved 4380: 4376: 4366: 4354:. Retrieved 4320: 4313: 4304: 4303:F. M. Edge, 4298: 4289: 4283: 4264: 4258: 4230: 4225: 4201:. Retrieved 4197: 4187: 4178: 4165: 4153:. Retrieved 4126: 4112: 4091:. Retrieved 4082: 4072: 4045:World portal 4031:Chess portal 4000: 3990: 3980: 3970: 3950: 3918: 3168: 2808:Soviet Union 2782:Soviet Union 2698: 2670: 2648:Soviet Union 2599: 2572: 2304: 2238: 2227: 2223: 2205: 2193: 2158: 2134: 2119: 2088: 2073: 2058: 2034: 1932: 1912: 1871: 1855: 1835: 1811: 1779: 1755: 1720: 1712: 1688: 1645: 1622: 1541: 1514: 1510: 1467: 1462: 1417:). The 1938 1412: 1395: 1389: 1383: 1338: 1298: 1279: 1206: 1183: 1159: 1143: 1123: 1091: 1087: 1040: 1032: 993: 962: 934: 911: 907: 875: 867: 843: 808: 793: 786: 766: 640: 617: 607: 580: 571: 563: 548: 484: 461: 422: 397: 395: 383: 376: 316: 271: 246: 146: 61: 29: 12189:short board 12154:telemarking 12059:Racquetball 11973:Gymnastics 11967:fly fishing 11954:Finswimming 11910:cyclo-cross 11726:paragliding 11721:parachuting 11665:Sepaktakraw 11545:Life saving 11429:Dancesport 11403:T20 (women) 11393:ODI (women) 11350:Ball hockey 11123:Production 11056:Grand Prix 11041:Ice racing 11030:Hard Enduro 11025:SuperEnduro 10997:Touring Car 10955:Formula One 10942:Auto racing 10891:draughts-64 10835:Mind sports 10424:Tug of war 10420:Real tennis 10342:mixed relay 10213:short track 9985:Water polo 9960:Volleyball 9925:Ice hockey 9848:Basketball 9580:Chess books 9380:Tournaments 9239:Fool's mate 9004:Vienna Game 8994:Scotch Game 8827:Prophylaxis 8743:Zwischenzug 8728:Undermining 8696:Overloading 8656:Combination 8505:descriptive 8200:Chess table 8195:Chess clock 8011:Grandmaster 7586:Split title 7556:(no result) 7282:Interregnum 7022:Composition 6874:The Article 6708:28 November 6677:30 November 6651:24 November 6451:chess24.com 6276:21 February 6112:Donlan, M. 5972:Wade, R. G. 5853:Winter, E. 5821:Winter, E. 5655:. Batsford. 5478:Winter, E. 5222:24 February 5181:MSN Encarta 4867:7 September 4821:27 December 4093:24 February 3730:Mikhail Tal 2689:Mikhail Tal 2601:Interregnum 2563:Netherlands 2276:Grand Swiss 2084:Gata Kamsky 1890:, Anand in 1847:Gata Kamsky 1814:Nigel Short 1761:, first in 1629:Efim Geller 1580:Mikhail Tal 1537:Mikhail Tal 1517:grandmaster 1463:interregnum 1447:Reuben Fine 1396:interregnum 1390:interregnum 1368:Reuben Fine 1247:Nimzowitsch 1214:Saint-Amant 1170:mathematics 1134:Nimzowitsch 1047:World War I 789:Paul Morphy 758:Paul Morphy 545:Before 1851 12439:Categories 12424:World cups 12422:See also: 12356:NES Tetris 12225:Triathlon 12194:long board 12164:individual 11962:freshwater 11870:ocean race 11811:skyrunning 11767:Athletics 11711:ballooning 11706:Air sports 11699:Individual 11680:Tchoukball 11623:men's club 11483:men's club 11454:Floorball 11425:Canoe polo 11363:men's club 11189:flat track 11179:long track 11169:individual 11149:Rally raid 11132:Supersport 11102:Supercross 11085:individual 11081:Motocross 11045:individual 10980:Rally raid 10975:Rallycross 10960:Hill climb 10933:Motorsport 10843:Backgammon 10763:eight-ball 10714:individual 10710:Five-pins 10680:Cue sports 10659:Wrestling 10523:Individual 10502:mixed team 10198:trampoline 10183:Gymnastics 10057:individual 10038:Badminton 10023:Athletics 10006:Individual 9969:men's club 9817:men's club 9687:joke chess 9640:Chess club 9328:opposition 8790:Middlegame 8778:Initiative 8701:Pawn storm 8666:Deflection 8537:Key square 8527:Fianchetto 8460:Fast chess 8444:En passant 8136:chessboard 7683:Ponomariov 7385:Capablanca 7308:Interzonal 7218:See also: 6625:26 January 6599:26 January 6573:26 January 6547:26 January 6234:Weeks, M. 6207:Weeks, M. 6085:Weeks, M. 6058:Weeks, M. 5914:Weeks, M. 5287:25 October 5155:Silman, J. 4943:1857443306 4918:1857443306 4893:1857443306 4653:25 October 4155:19 January 4064:References 3762:Ding Liren 3202:Undisputed 3190:Undisputed 3141:Ding Liren 3132:2013–2023 3106:2007–2013 3080:2006–2007 3031:2005–2006 3008:2004–2005 3004:Uzbekistan 2985:2002–2004 2962:2000–2002 2939:1999–2000 2929:1993–1999 2886:2000–2006 2873:1993–2000 2824:1985–1993 2786:1975–1985 2760:1972–1975 2734:1969–1972 2721:1963–1969 2708:1961–1963 2693:1960–1961 2680:1958–1960 2665:1957–1958 2652:1948–1957 2594:1937–1946 2567:1935–1937 2541:1927–1935 2516:1921–1927 2490:1894–1921 2454:1886–1894 2296:2013 cycle 2283:, or as a 2264:Interzonal 2245:Interzonal 2197:Ding Liren 2188:Ding Liren 2140:; against 1923:Peter Leko 1915:Elo rating 1818:Jan Timman 1708:Jim Slater 1633:Paul Keres 1459:psychology 1443:Salo Flohr 1439:Paul Keres 1364:Paul Keres 1346:Salo Flohr 1306:Bogoljubow 1302:Capablanca 1290:Gothenburg 1251:Capablanca 1239:Rubinstein 1230:1886 match 1194:1894 match 1115:Tartakower 1111:Rubinstein 1099:Bogoljubow 777:Henry Bird 425:1886 match 406:Ding Liren 62:Pre-FIDE 44:Ding Liren 12363:Overwatch 12229:Aquathlon 12210:Swimming 12115:Shooting 12012:laser run 11977:acrobatic 11902:Crokinole 11890:freestyle 11875:wildwater 11861:Canoeing 11732:Aquatics 11580:Roll Ball 11575:Rogaining 11534:Lacrosse 11440:Dodgeball 11398:T20 (men) 11388:ODI (men) 11345:Baseball5 11244:Aerobatic 11196:Supermoto 11165:Speedway 11127:Superbike 11117:Snowcross 11015:Endurance 10950:Formula E 10872:Draughts 10753:blackball 10578:Snowboard 10540:Badminton 10535:Athletics 10394:Lacrosse 10354:Wrestling 10337:Triathlon 10317:Taekwondo 10290:freestyle 10085:Canoeing 9945:Softball 9910:Handball 9833:Baseball 9670:Stockfish 9660:Deep Blue 9655:AlphaZero 9563:paintings 9355:Tablebase 9319:Strategy 9229:Irregular 8984:Ruy Lopez 8944:Open Game 8711:Sacrifice 8671:Desperado 8574:connected 8547:Open file 8542:King walk 8500:algebraic 8431:Stalemate 8406:Checkmate 8131:Chess set 8123:Equipment 7663:Khalifman 7554:1984–1985 7508:Petrosian 7494:Botvinnik 7474:Botvinnik 7454:Botvinnik 7355:1896–1897 7337:1890–1891 6757:chess.com 6480:chess.com 5672:. Dover. 5583:(2004) . 5499:La Prensa 5261:Based on 4862:Chess.com 4582:(2004) . 4203:7 October 3204:champion 3196:Classical 3182:Years as 2285:wild card 1812:In 1993, 1667:Amsterdam 1288:and 1920 1226:Zukertort 1218:Anderssen 1180:Financing 1051:Amos Burn 950:Max Weiss 902:from 1886 809:In 1866, 608:In 1839, 599:handicaps 491:under-20s 439:in 1946, 12405:Valorant 12335:Fortnite 12321:eSailing 12234:Duathlon 12199:big wave 12185:Surfing 12049:Pétanque 12007:triathle 11958:Fishing 11906:Cycling 11865:marathon 11822:Bowling 11747:Archery 11658:Dinghies 11649:Sailing 11570:Ringette 11530:Korfball 11523:Standard 11514:Kabaddi 11445:Fistball 11379:Cricket 11274:offshore 11259:Aquabike 10970:Rallying 10913:Scrabble 10886:checkers 10818:amateurs 10799:Snooker 10788:ten-ball 10738:amateurs 10726:artistic 10645:Muaythai 10598:Swimming 10573:Shooting 10552:Cycling 10548:Climbing 10509:Goalball 10374:Croquet 10267:Shooting 10193:rhythmic 10188:artistic 10151:eventing 10146:dressage 10100:Cycling 10064:Biathlon 9941:Rugby 7s 9729:Category 9682:glossary 9343:Zugzwang 9323:fortress 9260:Endgames 9169:Declined 9164:Accepted 8842:Openings 8800:Hedgehog 8766:Exchange 8753:Strategy 8733:Windmill 8584:isolated 8569:backward 8391:Castling 8334:amateurs 8227:Timeline 8101:Variants 8055:Glossary 8038:software 8023:glossary 7933:Category 7903:Chess960 7893:Computer 7814:Olympiad 7610:Kasparov 7576:Kasparov 7423:Alekhine 7403:Alekhine 7345:Steinitz 7322:Pre-FIDE 7159:Club Cup 7134:European 7027:Computer 7017:Chess960 6878:Archived 6844:Archived 6809:Archived 6778:Archived 6749:Archived 6726:Archived 6702:Archived 6645:Archived 6619:Archived 6593:Archived 6567:Archived 6541:Archived 6521:Archived 6506:Archived 6429:Archived 6411:Archived 6384:Archived 6365:Archived 6338:Archived 6270:Archived 6240:Archived 6213:Archived 6186:Archived 6157:Archived 6148:(2001). 6121:Archived 6064:Archived 6042:Batsford 6034:Wade, R. 6009:Archived 5984:64514341 5978:. Arco. 5974:(1964). 5950:Archived 5920:Archived 5893:Archived 5859:Archived 5827:Archived 5800:Archived 5788:Seirawan 5766:Archived 5764:. 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11161:Sidecar 11097:nations 10965:Karting 10923:Xiangqi 10908:Puzzles 10823:six-red 10783:pyramid 10582:Skiing 10530:Archery 10428:outdoor 10415:Rackets 10378:singles 10321:Tennis 10307:Surfing 10276:Skiing 10255:Sailing 10163:Fencing 10027:outdoor 10019:Archery 9879:Curling 9630:Arbiter 9623:Related 9480:Solving 9470:Amateur 9052:Najdorf 8634:Battery 8621:Tactics 8596:Swindle 8579:doubled 8559:Outpost 8490:Blunder 8305:Armenia 8219:History 8065:Premove 8033:engines 8028:matches 7993:Outline 7898:Solving 7776:Carlsen 7728:Kramnik 7703:Topalov 7624:Kramnik 7528:Fischer 7518:Spassky 7464:Smyslov 7181:Oceania 7080:African 7052:Solving 7007:Amateur 6992:Women's 6815:20 July 6784:20 July 6351:Alt URL 6315:Alt URL 5956:5 April 5092:13 June 3971:Teams: 3051:Country 2981:Ukraine 2903:Country 2844:Country 2623:Country 2475:Germany 2413:Country 2309:In the 2171:in the 1841:in the 1284:, 1914 1208:second 1184:Before 1103:Maróczy 878:in 1886 780:"after 614:Legalle 529:History 499:seniors 449:In 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