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with a 39.3 m (130 ft) diameter primary mirror and a 4.2 m (14 ft) diameter secondary mirror. This reduced projected costs from 1.275 billion to 1.055 billion euros and should allow the telescope to be finished sooner. The smaller secondary is a particularly important change; 4.2 m (14 ft) places it within the capabilities of multiple manufacturers, and the lighter mirror unit avoids the need for high-strength materials in the secondary mirror support spider.
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voice-coil actuators. The image distortion caused by the turbulence of the Earth's atmosphere can be corrected in real-time, as well as deformations caused by the wind upon the main telescope. The ELT's adaptive optics system will provide an improvement of about a factor of 500 in the resolution compared to the best seeing conditions achieved so far without adaptive optics.
708:(the Netherlands). The contracts signed with ESO also include the delivery of detailed and complete instructions and engineering drawings for their production. Additionally, they include the development of the procedures required to integrate the supports with the ELT glass segments; to handle and transport the segment assemblies; and to operate and maintain them.
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construction proposal for approval in
December 2011. Funding was subsequently included in the 2012 budget for initial work to begin in early 2012. The project received preliminary approval in June 2012. ESO approved the start of construction in December 2014, with over 90% funding of the nominal budget secured.
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468:), but the name was shortened in 2017. The ELT is intended to advance astrophysical knowledge by enabling detailed studies of planets around other stars, the first galaxies in the Universe, supermassive black holes, and the nature of the Universe's dark sector, and to detect water and organic molecules in
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One of the goals of the ELT is the possibility of making a direct measurement of the acceleration of the
Universe's expansion. Such a measurement would have a major impact on our understanding of the Universe. The ELT will also search for possible variations in the fundamental physical constants with
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The dome is to provide needed protection to the telescope in inclement weather and during the day. A number of concepts for the dome were evaluated. The baseline concept for the 40m-class ELT dome is a nearly hemispherical dome, rotating atop a concrete pier, with curved laterally-opening doors. This
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Early designs included a segmented primary mirror with a diameter of 42 metres (140 feet) and an area of about 1,300 m (14,000 sq ft), with a secondary mirror with a diameter of 5.9 m (19 ft). However, in 2011 a proposal was put forward to reduce overall size by 13% to 978 m,
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The ELT is designed to make detailed studies of the first galaxies. Observations of these early galaxies with the ELT will give clues that will help understand how these objects form and evolve. In addition, the ELT will be a unique tool for making an inventory of the changing content of the various
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The ELT will search for extrasolar planets—planets orbiting other stars. This will include not only the discovery of planets down to Earth-like masses through indirect measurements of the wobbling motion of stars perturbed by the planets that orbit them, but also the direct imaging of larger planets
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In
January 2017, ESO awarded the contract for the fabrication of the 4608 edge sensors to the FAMES consortium, which is composed of French company Fogale and German company Micro-Epsilon. These sensors can measure relative positions to an accuracy of a few nanometres, the most accurate ever used in
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Science Vision and
Infrastructure Roadmap and the ESFRI Roadmap. The telescope underwent a Phase B study in 2014 that included "contracts with industry to design and manufacture prototypes of key elements like the primary mirror segments, the adaptive fourth mirror or the mechanical structure (...)
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was fully funded within the ESO budget. With the 2011 changes in the baseline design (such as a reduction in the size of the primary mirror from 42 m to 39.3 m), in 2017 the construction cost was estimated to be €1.15 billion (including first generation instruments). In 2014, the start of operations
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On 11 June 2012, the ESO Council approved the ELT programme's plans to begin civil works at the telescope site, with the construction of the telescope itself pending final agreement with governments of some member states. Construction work on the ELT site started in June 2014. By
December 2014, ESO
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Vernin, Jean; Muñoz-Tuñón, Casiana; Sarazin, Marc; Vazquez Ramió, Héctor; Varela, Antonia M.; Trinquet, Hervé; Miguel
Delgado, José; Jiménez Fuensalida, Jesús; Reyes, Marcos; Benhida, Abdelmajid; Benkhaldoun, Zouhair; García Lambas, Diego; Hach, Youssef; Lazrek, M.; Lombardi, Gianluca; Navarrete,
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By probing the most distant objects the ELT will provide clues to understanding the formation of the first objects that formed: primordial stars, primordial galaxies and black holes and their relationships. Studies of extreme objects like black holes will benefit from the power of the ELT to gain
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The ELT dome will have a height of nearly 74 metres from the ground and a diameter of 86 metres, making it the largest dome ever built for a telescope. The dome will have a total mass of around 6100 tonnes, and the telescope mounting and tube structure will have a total moving mass of around 2800
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The 3.8-metre concave tertiary mirror, also cast from
Zerodur, will be an unusual feature of the telescope. Most current large telescopes, including the VLT and the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope, use two curved mirrors to form an image. In these cases, a small, flat tertiary mirror is sometimes
1017:): The ArmazoNes high Dispersion Echelle Spectrograph will be used to search for indications of life on Earth-like exoplanets, find the first-born stars of the universe, test for possible variations of the fundamental constants of physics, and measure the acceleration of the Universe's expansion.
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With such a large opening, the ELT dome requires the presence of a windscreen to protect the telescope's mirrors (apart from the secondary), from direct exposure to the wind. The baseline design of the windscreen minimises the volume required to house it. Two spherical blades, either side of the
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who will manufacture the blanks of the 798 segments, as well as a maintenance set of 133 additional segments. This maintenance set allows segments to be removed, replaced, and recoated on a rotating basis once the ELT is in operation. The mirror is being cast from the same low-expansion ceramic
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The 2.4-metre quaternary mirror is a 2-millimeter-thick flat adaptive mirror. With up to 8000 actuators, the surface can be readjusted one thousand times per second. The deformable mirror will be the largest adaptive mirror ever made, and consists of six component petals, control systems, and
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Furthermore, the ELT's suite of instruments will allow astronomers to probe the earliest stages of the formation of planetary systems and to detect water and organic molecules in protoplanetary discs around stars in the making. Thus, the ELT will answer fundamental questions regarding planet
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Besides being designed for water-tightness, air-tightness is also one of the requirements as it is critical to minimise the air-conditioning load. The air-conditioning of the dome is necessary not only to thermally prepare the telescope for the forthcoming night but also in order to keep the
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ESO's
Director General commented in a 2011 press release that "With the new E-ELT design we can still satisfy the bold science goals and also ensure that the construction can be completed in only 10–11 years." The ESO Council endorsed the revised baseline design in June 2011 and expected a
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for the first construction phase. The first stone of the telescope was ceremonially laid on 26 May 2017, initiating the construction of the dome's main structure and telescope. The telescope passed the halfway point in its development and construction in July 2023, with completion and
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Making the secondary mirror is a major challenge as it is highly convex, and aspheric. It is also very large; at 4.2 metres in diameter and weighing 3.5 tonnes, it will be the largest secondary mirror ever employed on an optical telescope and the largest convex mirror ever produced.
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Much like the secondary mirror (with which it shares many design characteristics), the tertiary mirror will be slightly deformable to regularly allow deviations to be corrected. Both mirrors will be mounted on 32 points, with 18 on their backside and 14 along their edges.
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As of July 2023, all 6 petals are completed and in the process of being integrated into their support structure. The six laser sources for the adaptive optics system, which will work hand-in-hand with the quaternary mirror, have also been completed and are in testing.
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introduced to divert the light to a convenient focus. However, in the ELT the tertiary mirror also has a curved surface, as the use of three mirrors delivers a better final image quality over a larger field of view than would be possible with a two-mirror design.
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The 39-metre primary mirror will be composed of 798 hexagonal segments, each approximately 1.4 metres across and with 50 mm thickness. Two segments will be re-coated and replaced each working day, to keep the mirror always clean and highly reflective.
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The telescope will have several science instruments and will be able to switch from one instrument to another within minutes. The telescope and dome will also be able to change positions on the sky and start a new observation in a short time.
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The size of the ELT has been reduced from its original design. Even with that reduction, the ELT is significantly larger than both other planned extremely large telescopes. It has the aim of observing the universe in greater detail than the
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1069:, which are also targeting the second half of the 2020 decade for completion. These two other telescopes roughly belong to the same next generation of optical ground-based telescopes. Each design is much larger than previous telescopes.
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The pre-formed glass-ceramic blank of the secondary mirror is being polished and tested by Safran Reosc. The mirror will be shaped and polished to a precision of 15 nanometres (15 millionths of a millimetre) over the optical surface.
697:. They will receive the mirror blanks from Schott, and polish one mirror segment per day to meet the 7-year deadline. During this process, each segment will be polished until it has no surface irregularity greater than 7.5 nm
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Artist's impression of the
Extremely Large Telescope (ELT) in its enclosure on Cerro Armazones during night-time observations. The four beams shooting skywards are lasers that create artificial stars high in the Earth's
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For the observing slit, two main designs were under study: one with two sets of nested doors, and the current baseline design, i.e. a single pair of large sliding doors. This pair of doors has a total width of 45.3 m.
988:: The Multi-AO (adaptive optics) Imaging Camera for Deep Observations (MICADO) will be the first dedicated imaging camera for the ELT and will work with the Multiconjugate adaptive Optics Relay For ELT Observations, (
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654:(3 for each segment) use this information to adjust the system, keeping the overall surface shape unchanged against deformations caused by external factors such as wind, gravity, temperature changes and vibrations.
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Computational fluid dynamic simulations and wind tunnel work are being carried out to study the airflow in and around the dome, as well as the effectiveness of the dome and windscreen in protecting the telescope.
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The dome is designed to allow complete freedom to the telescope so that it can position itself whether it is opened or closed. It will also permit observations from the zenith down to 20 degrees from the horizon.
801:. The mirror will include a fast tip-tilt system for image stabilization that will compensate perturbations caused by wind, atmospheric turbulence, and the telescope itself before reaching the ELT instruments.
701:. Afterward, Safran Reosc will then mount, test, and complete all optical testing before delivery. This is the second-largest contract for ELT construction and the third-largest contract ESO has ever signed.
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One year after signing the contract, and after the laying of the first stone ceremony in May 2017, the site was handed over to ACe, signifying the beginning of the construction of the dome's main structure.
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On 19 June 2014, a major milestone towards construction of the ELT was reached. Part of Cerro
Armazones was blasted. This video provides a closer look at the event. Note that only natural sound is provided.
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Four of its instruments, the first generation, will be available at or shortly after first light, while two others will begin operations later. Throughout its operation other instruments can be installed.
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A 3D view of the new road to Cerro Armazones area in the Chilean desert. The road extends from the public Route B-710 to the top of the mountain where the European Extremely Large Telescope (E-ELT) will
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avoidance locus as well as preset to a new target within 5 minutes. This requires the dome to be able to accelerate and move at angular speeds of 2 degrees/s (the linear speed is approximately 5 km/h).
785:(Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica) as subcontractors, are responsible for the design and manufacture of the quaternary mirror. The 6 petals were cast by Schott in Germany and polished by Safran Reosc.
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units, and multiple large science instruments. The observatory's design will gather 100 million times more light than the human eye, equivalent to about 10 times more light than the largest
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design for excellent image quality over the 10-arcminute field of view (one-third of the width of the full Moon). The fourth and fifth mirrors are (almost) flat, and respectively provide
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1007:: A proposed multi-object spectrograph which will allow astronomers to trace the growth of galaxies and the distribution of matter from shortly after the Big Bang to the present day.
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correction for atmospheric distortions (mirror 4) and tip-tilt correction for image stabilization (mirror 5). The fourth and fifth mirrors also send the light sideways to one of two
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by taking images 15 times sharper, although it is designed to be complementary to space telescopes, which typically have very limited observing time available. The ELT's 4.2-metre
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The air-conditioning of the telescope during the day is critical and the current specifications permit the dome to cool the telescope and internal volume by 10 °C over 12 hours.
976:: The High Angular Resolution Monolithic Optical and Near-infrared Integral field spectrograph (HARMONI) will function as the telescope's workhorse instrument for spectroscopy.
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Complex support cells are also necessary to ensure the flexible secondary and tertiary mirrors retain their correct shape and position; these support cells will be provided by
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This video shows an artist's impression of the Extremely Large Telescope, the ELT. The protective dome is seen opening for a night observing the optical and infrared skies.
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and Cimolai and the nominated subcontractor, Italy's EIE Group. The signature ceremony took place on 25 May 2016 at ESO's Headquarters in Garching bei München, Germany.
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As of July 2023, over 70% of the mirror segment blanks and their supporting structures have been manufactured, and by early 2024 tens of segments had been polished.
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These drone visuals from Gerhard Hüdepohl show the future location of the ELT against the tranquil backdrop of the barren Chilean desert, as of September 2016.
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1801:"Good News and Bad News for Astronomers' Biggest Dream - The National Science Foundation takes a step (just one) toward an "extremely large telescope.""
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Construction workers using heavy machinery work in the Atacama Desert to flatten the top of the mountain for a platform large enough to host the ELT.
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ESO signed a contract for its construction, together with the main structure of the telescopes, with the Italian ACe Consortium, consisting of
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time. An unambiguous detection of such variations would have far-reaching consequences for our comprehension of the general laws of physics.
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is a re-optimisation from the previous design, aimed at reducing the costs, and it is being revalidated to be ready for construction.
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2975:"ESO Signs Contract to Polish the E-ELT Secondary Mirror – French company Reosc will polish the largest secondary mirror ever built"
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had secured over 90% of the total funding and authorized construction of the telescope to start, which will cost around one billion
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Edge sensors constantly measure the positions of the primary mirror segments relative to their immediate neighbours. 2394 position
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2858:"World's largest convex mirror blank ready for final touches – The ELT's M2 blank is being shipped to France for fine polishing"
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891:. For this the dome is also equipped with louvers, whereby the windscreen is designed to allow them to fulfill their function.
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focal stations at either side of the telescope structure, allowing multiple large instruments to be mounted simultaneously.
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The ELT will use a novel design with a total of five mirrors. The first three mirrors are curved (non-spherical) and form a
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has an angular resolution of 1 arcminute which corresponds to separating two light sources 30 cm apart from 1 km distance.
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existing as of 2023, and will correct for atmospheric distortion. It has around 250 times the light gathering area of the
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The first generation includes four instruments: MICADO, HARMONI and METIS, along with the adaptive optics system MORFEO.
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ESO focused on the current design after a feasibility study concluded the proposed 100 m (328 ft) diameter,
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around other stars. As planned in 2011, the facility was expected to take 11 years to construct, from 2014 to 2025.
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592:. The ELT is the highest priority in the European planning activities for research infrastructures, such as the
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Comparison of nominal sizes of apertures of the Extremely Large Telescope and some notable optical telescopes
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more insight into time-dependent phenomena linked with the various processes at play around compact objects.
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The dome design ensures that the dome provides sufficient ventilation for the telescope not to be limited by
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and possibly even the characterisation of their atmospheres. The telescope will attempt to image Earthlike
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distance. At 0.03 arcseconds, the contrast is expected to be 10, sufficient to search for exoplanets. The
739:. In May 2017, Schott AG was also awarded the contract for the much larger primary segment of the mirror.
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and, according to the ELT's specifications, will provide images 16 times sharper than those from Hubble.
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As of early 2024 the six component petals had been fabricated and are being brazed into a single unit.
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ESO Council Gives Green Light to Detailed Study of the European Extremely Large Telescope Spaceref.com
982:: The Mid-infrared ELT Imager and Spectrograph (METIS) will be a mid-infrared imager and spectrograph.
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The segment support system units for the primary mirror are designed and produced by CESA (Spain) and
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In terms of astronomical performance the dome is required to be able to track about the 1-degree
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3104:"Contract Signed for Final Design and Construction of Largest Adaptive Mirror Unit in the World"
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3301:"ESO Signs Largest Ever Ground-based Astronomy Contract for E-ELT Dome and Telescope Structure"
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The 2.7-metre by 2.2-metre quinary mirror is a tip-tilt mirror used to refine the image using
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3226:"ESO Signs Largest Ever Ground-based Astronomy Contract for ELT Dome and Telescope Structure"
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This video shows an artist's impression of the Extremely Large Telescope, the ELT, in action.
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E-ELT The European Extremely Large Telescope – The World's Biggest Eye on the Sky (brochure)
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and a 4.2 m (14 ft) diameter secondary mirror. The telescope will be supported by
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Julio; Recabarren, Pablo; Renzi, Victor; Sabil, Mohammed; Vrech, Rubén (1 November 2011).
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elements in the Universe with time, and to understand star formation history in galaxies.
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was planned for 2024. Actual construction officially began in early 2017, and a technical
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In May 2017, ESO awarded two additional contracts. One was awarded to the German company
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An Expanded View of the Universe – Science with the European Extremely Large Telescope
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2027:"European Extremely Large Telescope to break ground (using dynamite) live later today"
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observing slit doors, slide in front of the telescope aperture to restrict the wind.
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The other contract was awarded to the French company, Safran Reosc, a subsidiary of
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The design consists of a reflecting telescope with a 39.3-metre-diameter (130-foot)
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Model of the gigantic and intricate structure inside the enclosure of the ELT.
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Astronet (2008), Bode, Michael F.; Cruz, Maria J.; Molster, Frank J. (eds.),
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This drone camera view gives an early indication of the scale of the project.
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2813:"ESO Awards Contracts for E-ELT Primary Mirror Segment Support System Units"
2489:
The ASTRONET Infrastructure Roadmap: A Strategic Plan for European Astronomy
1057:, with a 10.4 m aperture and a light-collecting area of 74 m. Other planned
5871:
5637:
5616:
5234:
4682:
4632:
4134:
3804:
3300:
3250:
2741:
2666:
2585:
1893:
1875:
1596:
The night sky over the construction site for the Extremely Large Telescope.
282:
3225:
2530:
Hippler, Stefan (2019). "Adaptive Optics for Extremely Large Telescopes".
2325:
2158:
2133:
2098:
5704:
4697:
3536:
2716:
769:
As of July 2023, the tertiary mirror has been cast and is in polishing.
5674:
5651:
5131:
1300:
926:
541:
3777:"Milestones Reached in Incredible Journey of ELT Main Mirror Segments"
3651:
2209:"European Extremely Large Telescope Site Characterization I: Overview"
2119:
1281:
Notes: Future first-light dates are provisional and likely to change.
753:
By early 2024 this mirror was reported to be close to final accuracy.
382:
5769:
5096:
4840:
4657:
4627:
4452:
4244:
4094:
1308:
1288:
1043:
732:
705:
670:
651:
3924:
3603:
2078:"Construction begins on world's largest telescope in Chilean desert"
4580:
4498:
4036:
3829:
2949:
2887:
2637:"Multiple E-ELT Mirror Segments Tested Together for the First Time"
2546:
2235:
1000:
The second generation of instruments consists of MOSAIC and ANDES.
593:
588:
A 40-metre-class mirror will allow the study of the atmospheres of
498:
404:
under construction. When completed, it will be the world's largest
3824:
3448:
2304:"ESO Moves One Step Closer to the First Extremely Large Telescope"
1638:
ELT compared with one of the four existing VLT Unit Telescopes at
1287:
The ELT under ideal conditions has an angular resolution of 0.005
4570:
4565:
4518:
3178:
3153:
834:
736:
675:
642:
The optical system of the ELT showing the location of the mirrors
2766:
920:
The official trailer for the ELT showing the preliminary design.
731:
In January 2017, ESO awarded a contract for the mirror blank to
5799:
4940:
4831:
4709:
4540:
4026:
3629:
2999:
1623:
1296:
854:
369:
817:
4878:
4761:
4753:
4545:
4254:
2919:
743:
514:
428:
5065:
3054:"ESO Awards Contract for E-ELT Adaptive Mirror Design Study"
1915:"Renaming the E-ELT - Statement from ESO's Director General"
33:
4963:
3129:"ESO Signs Contract for Deformable Shell Mirrors for E-ELT"
2883:"ESO signs contracts for the ELT's gigantic primary mirror"
2791:
1678:
An artist's impression of a close-up of ELT primary mirror.
782:
477:
300:
5866:
3078:
2396:"Construction begins on the world's first super telescope"
5241:
3840:
Record mirror for Euro telescope BBC Online August 7 2006
2717:"High precision sensors, measurement devices and systems"
2093:
2091:
1334:
contains an unencyclopedic or excessive gallery of images
865:
Size comparison between the ELT and other telescope domes
3706:"ELT MICADO Instrument Passes Preliminary Design Review"
2691:
1894:"The European Extremely Large Telescope ('ELT') Project"
4188:
2216:
Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific
1876:"ESO's Extremely Large Telescope is now half completed"
1304:
319:
2088:
5843:
5934:
Buildings and structures under construction in Chile
3275:
2048:"Construction of Extremely Large Telescope Approved"
1961:
1291:
which corresponds to separating two light sources 1
3805:
ESO The Extremely Large Telescope ("E-ELT") Project
2409:Gilmozzi, Roberto; Spyromilio, Jason (March 2007).
2001:"European Extremely Large Telescope given go-ahead"
1843:"Europe Downscales Monster Telescope to Save Money"
882:
628:
3694:EPICS: direct imagine of exoplanets with the E-ELT
2742:"First ELT Main Mirror Segments Successfully Cast"
2408:
1085:, the second largest optical telescope in Europe.
3884:
3204:"Construction of the ELT Dome Foundations Begins"
348:
5915:
2661:
2659:
2657:
2411:"The European Extremely Large Telescope (E-ELT)"
2362:
1299:(650 ly) distance, or two light sources 30
3466:
3048:
3046:
2479:
2042:
2040:
1910:
3915:Space Telescope European Coordinating Facility
3550:
3529:
3508:
3396:
3394:
2667:"Contracts Signed for ELT Mirrors and Sensors"
2586:"Contracts Signed for ELT Mirrors and Sensors"
2298:
2296:
2265:
2173:
1081:is the same size as the primary mirror on the
5081:
4435:
4421:
4174:
3870:
3571:
3487:
2841:
2654:
2441:
2439:
2134:"ESO To Build World's Biggest Eye on the Sky"
2024:
1937:
1935:
1696:List of largest optical reflecting telescopes
1346:beside adjacent text, in accordance with the
3752:"Artist's rendering of the ELT in operation"
3673:"Giant Magellan Telescope – 6th mirror cast"
3592:
3043:
2792:"Compañía Española de Sistemas Aeronáuticos"
2458:
2114:
2112:
2037:
3391:
3377:
3375:
2837:
2835:
2833:
2293:
1870:
1868:
1866:
1864:
1862:
1860:
1789:
1610:Artist's rendering of the ELT in operation.
1340:removing excessive or indiscriminate images
848:
5088:
5074:
4428:
4414:
4181:
4167:
3877:
3863:
2436:
2199:
1994:
1992:
1932:
1732:List of highest astronomical observatories
665:Cast of the first ELT main mirror segments
327:
305:
288:
273:
259:
243:
230:
217:
203:
178:
158:
144:
127:
65:
48:
32:
3618:
3600:"GMT Overview – Giant Magellan Telescope"
3402:"ESO – The First Objects in the Universe"
2545:
2402:
2109:
1840:
1362:Learn how and when to remove this message
807:
497:ESO Council meets at ESO headquarters in
19:For the general type of observatory, see
3372:
2844:"ESO's ELT halfway through construction"
2830:
2485:
2018:
1857:
1836:
1834:
1832:
1830:
1828:
1549:A video describing what the ELT will be.
1033:
1025:
952:
909:
860:
816:
781:The AdOptica consortium, partnered with
718:
684:
660:
637:
604:
597:concept studies for eight instruments".
556:
527:
492:
2944:
2942:
2533:Journal of Astronomical Instrumentation
2529:
2466:"ESO – Europe's Window on the Universe"
2318:
2151:
2126:
1989:
1795:
1775:Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory
735:, who cast it later the same year from
287:743.4 m (2,439 ft 0 in)
5916:
3652:"Extremely Large Telescope – Timeline"
3428:"First Instruments for E-ELT Approved"
689:Several segments of the primary mirror
460:The project was originally called the
419:(ESO) agency, it is located on top of
216:39.3 m (128 ft 11 in)
5069:
4409:
4162:
3858:
1825:
1622:Diagram of the 40m-class ELT primary
357:Location of Extremely Large Telescope
5827:
5048:
4493:
4142:
3626:"About TMT – Thirty Meter Telescope"
2939:
1998:
1886:
1318:
812:
772:
532:ELT construction status in June 2024
272:978 m (10,530 sq ft)
16:Major astronomical facility in Chile
5924:Astronomical observatories in Chile
4190:Astronomical observatories in Chile
3326:"E-ELT Phase B Final Design Review"
2344:"ESO's collaboration with industry"
2326:"The E-ELT Moves Closer to Reality"
1584:Rendering of the MICADO instrument.
1338:Please help improve the section by
714:
242:3.75 m (12 ft 4 in)
229:4.09 m (13 ft 5 in)
13:
3731:"The Milky Way above the ELT site"
1841:Schilling, Govert (14 June 2011).
1727:List of astronomical observatories
948:
756:
519:Roque de los Muchachos Observatory
462:European Extremely Large Telescope
14:
5955:
4887:Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope
4367:National Astronomical Observatory
3793:
2895:from the original on 14 June 2024
2273:"The E-ELT Construction Proposal"
2054:. 4 December 2014. Archived from
1969:"The E-ELT construction proposal"
1813:from the original on 8 March 2024
792:
633:
540:The design phase of the 5-mirror
5901:
5889:
5877:
5865:
5853:
5826:
5815:
5814:
5585:Southern African Large Telescope
5047:
5036:
5035:
4708:
4702:
4696:
4390:
4389:
4141:
4125:
4114:
4113:
3923:
3810:Final stage for telescope design
1671:
1659:
1654:Rendering of ELT during the day.
1647:
1631:
1615:
1603:
1589:
1577:
1554:
1518:
1498:
1477:
1459:
1437:
1417:
1397:
1376:
1348:Manual of Style on use of images
1323:
1188:Southern African Large Telescope
905:
883:Ventilation and air-conditioning
695:Safran Electronics & Defense
629:ELT mirror and sensors contracts
579:Southern African Large Telescope
368:
347:
340:
5011:Habitable zone for complex life
4926:Nautilus Deep Space Observatory
3905:Llano de Chajnantor Observatory
3769:
3744:
3723:
3698:
3687:
3665:
3644:
3441:
3420:
3346:
3318:
3293:
3268:
3243:
3218:
3196:
3171:
3146:
3121:
3096:
3071:
3017:
2992:
2967:
2907:
2875:
2850:
2805:
2784:
2759:
2734:
2709:
2684:
2629:
2603:
2578:
2523:
2388:
2336:
2070:
1999:Amos, Jonathan (11 June 2012).
1740:Llano de Chajnantor Observatory
1113:Extremely Large Telescope (ELT)
561:Cerro Armazones at night (2010)
485:planned at that time for 2028.
3820:Ground Telescope to Super Size
2842:Roberto Tamai (19 June 2024).
2370:"ESO – Preparing a Revolution"
2099:"Groundbreaking for the E-ELT"
2025:James Vincent (19 June 2014).
1904:
1745:Atacama Large Millimeter Array
1736:Other observatories in Chile:
1722:Overwhelmingly Large Telescope
567:Overwhelmingly Large Telescope
38:Artist's impression of the ELT
1:
5939:Telescopes under construction
5929:European Southern Observatory
5095:
3886:European Southern Observatory
3800:ESO Extremely Large Telescope
3183:European Southern Observatory
2138:European Southern Observatory
1976:European Southern Observatory
1898:European Southern Observatory
1880:European Southern Observatory
1783:
1021:
873:
507:European Southern Observatory
417:European Southern Observatory
157:3,046 m (9,993 ft)
140:European Southern Observatory
61:European Southern Observatory
4976:Space Interferometry Mission
4359:Santiago Metropolitan Region
4089:Astronomy & Astrophysics
2923:(in Spanish). Archived from
1713:(planned completion in 2025)
7:
1765:Cerro Armazones Observatory
1683:
552:
501:bei München, Germany, 2012.
10:
5960:
4850:James Webb Space Telescope
1701:List of optical telescopes
1314:
1303:apart from roughly 12,000
1261:
1243:
1224:
1205:
1186:
1167:
1148:
1129:
1111:
1083:William Herschel Telescope
1059:extremely large telescopes
1051:largest optical telescopes
488:
18:
5809:
5601:
5578:Large Binocular Telescope
5543:Extremely Large Telescope
5536:Extremely large telescope
5509:
5392:
5332:
5253:
5215:
5176:
5169:
5103:
5031:
5006:Discoveries of exoplanets
4993:
4981:Terrestrial Planet Finder
4949:
4898:
4861:
4806:
4724:
4717:
4694:
4461:
4443:
4437:Exoplanet search projects
4385:
4357:
4314:
4284:
4196:
4108:
4080:
4017:
3932:
3921:
3892:
3449:"Instruments | ELT | ESO"
2564:10.1142/S2251171719500016
1706:Large Binocular Telescope
1280:
1169:Large Binocular Telescope
957:The first ELT instruments
933:formation and evolution.
609:Schematic view of the ELT
600:
394:Extremely Large Telescope
379:
366:
335:
314:
296:
281:
268:
251:
238:
225:
212:
191:extremely large telescope
186:
166:
153:
135:
93:
74:
56:
43:
31:
27:Extremely Large Telescope
21:extremely large telescope
5550:Gran Telescopio Canarias
4304:Giant Magellan Telescope
1717:Gran Telescopio Canarias
1711:European Solar Telescope
1226:Gran Telescopio Canarias
1150:Giant Magellan Telescope
1063:Giant Magellan Telescope
1055:Gran Telescopio Canarias
899:telescope optics clean.
849:Astronomical performance
575:Gran Telescopio Canarias
402:astronomical observatory
374:Related media on Commons
5645:Astrology and astronomy
5355:Gravitational radiation
3354:"ESO – E-ELT Enclosure"
2350:. ESO. 22 December 2017
2181:"E-ELT: Finding a home"
1061:include the 25 m/368 m
1053:operating today is the
615:three-mirror anastigmat
509:(ESO) Council selected
226:Secondary diameter
5564:Hubble Space Telescope
1344:moving relevant images
1207:Hobby–Eberly Telescope
1131:Thirty Meter Telescope
1075:Hubble Space Telescope
1067:Thirty Meter Telescope
1046:
1031:
958:
921:
866:
822:
808:ELT dome and structure
724:
690:
666:
643:
610:
562:
533:
505:On 26 April 2010, the
502:
455:Hubble Space Telescope
239:Tertiary diameter
44:Alternative names
5668:Astroparticle physics
5403:Australian Aboriginal
3474:"ESO HARMONI Webpage"
3251:"Cimolai – Home Page"
2721:www.micro-epsilon.com
2454:. ESO Science Office.
1943:"ESO – Are We Alone?"
1037:
1029:
956:
919:
864:
820:
723:ELT's M2 mirror blank
722:
688:
664:
641:
608:
560:
549:is planned for 2028.
531:
496:
257:0.005 arcsecond
5660:Astronomers Monument
5592:Very Large Telescope
5139:Astronomical symbols
3954:(under construction)
3900:La Silla Observatory
3558:"ESO MOSAIC Webpage"
3537:"ESO MORFEO Webpage"
3516:"ESO MICADO Webpage"
3025:"ESO – E-ELT Optics"
2611:"ESO – E-ELT Optics"
2512:on 23 September 2015
2161:. ESO. 26 April 2010
1770:La Silla Observatory
1758:Very Large Telescope
1640:Cerro Paranal, Chile
1295:apart from 200
1263:Very Large Telescope
1038:ELT compared to the
680:Very Large Telescope
470:protoplanetary disks
269:Collecting area
187:Telescope style
83:Antofagasta Province
5733:List of astronomers
5146:Astronomical object
5016:Lists of exoplanets
4787:detected exoplanets
4299:Magellan Telescopes
4226:Llano de Chajnantor
3910:Paranal Observatory
3815:Green light for ELT
3579:"ESO HIRES Webpage"
3495:"ESO METIS Webpage"
3206:. 27 September 2019
2950:"M2 and M3 Mirrors"
2927:on 27 February 2017
2556:2019JAI.....850001H
2430:2007Msngr.127...11G
2306:. ESO. 15 June 2011
2228:2011PASP..123.1334V
2159:"E-ELT Site Chosen"
1753:Paranal Observatory
1691:Lists of telescopes
115:24.5893°S 70.1916°W
111: /
28:
5944:Astronomy projects
5719:Physical cosmology
4931:New Worlds Mission
4198:Antofagasta Region
2540:(2): 1950001–322.
2332:. 9 December 2011.
2222:(909): 1334–1346.
1949:on 17 January 2013
1806:The New York Times
1047:
1032:
959:
922:
867:
823:
725:
691:
682:mirrors in Chile.
667:
644:
611:
590:extrasolar planets
563:
534:
503:
451:optical telescopes
253:Angular resolution
195:infrared telescope
120:-24.5893; -70.1916
87:Antofagasta Region
26:
5841:
5840:
5726:Quantum cosmology
5712:Planetary geology
5505:
5504:
5216:Celestial subject
5063:
5062:
5001:Detection methods
4989:
4988:
4403:
4402:
4156:
4155:
3956:
3079:"www.adoptica.it"
2692:"FOGALE nanotech"
2502:978-3-923524-63-1
2282:, 2 December 2011
2058:on 23 August 2020
1845:. Science Insider
1565:
1544:
1508:
1488:
1467:
1448:
1427:
1407:
1386:
1372:
1371:
1364:
1309:unaided human eye
1285:
1284:
917:
813:Dome construction
773:Quaternary mirror
390:
389:
199:Nasmyth telescope
5951:
5906:
5905:
5904:
5894:
5893:
5892:
5882:
5881:
5880:
5870:
5869:
5858:
5857:
5856:
5849:
5834:
5830:
5829:
5822:
5818:
5817:
5802:
5793:
5786:
5779:
5772:
5763:
5756:
5749:
5747:Medieval Islamic
5742:
5735:
5728:
5721:
5714:
5707:
5700:
5691:
5684:
5677:
5670:
5663:
5654:
5647:
5640:
5633:
5631:Astroinformatics
5626:
5619:
5612:
5610:Archaeoastronomy
5594:
5587:
5580:
5573:
5571:Keck Observatory
5566:
5559:
5552:
5545:
5538:
5531:
5524:
5498:
5489:
5482:
5475:
5468:
5466:Medieval Islamic
5461:
5454:
5447:
5440:
5433:
5426:
5419:
5412:
5405:
5385:
5378:
5371:
5364:
5357:
5350:
5343:
5325:
5316:
5309:
5302:
5295:
5293:
5285:
5283:
5271:
5264:
5244:
5237:
5230:
5208:
5201:
5194:
5187:
5174:
5173:
5162:
5155:
5148:
5141:
5134:
5125:
5118:
5111:
5090:
5083:
5076:
5067:
5066:
5051:
5050:
5039:
5038:
4891:
4883:
4875:
4854:
4846:
4836:
4828:
4820:
4799:
4789:
4782:
4774:
4771:
4758:
4750:
4747:
4736:
4722:
4721:
4712:
4706:
4700:
4504:FINDS Exo-Earths
4430:
4423:
4416:
4407:
4406:
4393:
4392:
4183:
4176:
4169:
4160:
4159:
4145:
4144:
4131:Portal:Astronomy
4129:
4117:
4116:
3995:
3977:
3969:
3952:
3927:
3879:
3872:
3865:
3856:
3855:
3788:
3787:
3785:
3783:
3773:
3767:
3766:
3764:
3762:
3748:
3742:
3741:
3739:
3737:
3727:
3721:
3720:
3718:
3716:
3702:
3696:
3691:
3685:
3684:
3682:
3680:
3669:
3663:
3662:
3660:
3658:
3648:
3642:
3641:
3639:
3637:
3632:on 8 August 2011
3628:. Archived from
3622:
3616:
3615:
3613:
3611:
3602:. Archived from
3596:
3590:
3589:
3587:
3585:
3575:
3569:
3568:
3566:
3564:
3554:
3548:
3547:
3545:
3543:
3533:
3527:
3526:
3524:
3522:
3512:
3506:
3505:
3503:
3501:
3491:
3485:
3484:
3482:
3480:
3470:
3464:
3463:
3461:
3459:
3445:
3439:
3438:
3436:
3434:
3424:
3418:
3417:
3415:
3413:
3408:on 10 April 2019
3404:. Archived from
3398:
3389:
3388:
3379:
3370:
3369:
3367:
3365:
3350:
3344:
3343:
3341:
3339:
3330:
3322:
3316:
3315:
3313:
3311:
3297:
3291:
3290:
3288:
3286:
3276:"EIE GROUP Home"
3272:
3266:
3265:
3263:
3261:
3247:
3241:
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3238:
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3222:
3216:
3215:
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3200:
3194:
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3189:
3175:
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3143:
3141:
3139:
3125:
3119:
3118:
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3114:
3100:
3094:
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3091:
3089:
3075:
3069:
3068:
3066:
3064:
3050:
3041:
3040:
3038:
3036:
3021:
3015:
3014:
3012:
3010:
2996:
2990:
2989:
2987:
2985:
2971:
2965:
2964:
2962:
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2902:
2900:
2879:
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2870:
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2803:
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2800:
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2777:
2763:
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2754:
2752:
2738:
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2729:
2727:
2713:
2707:
2706:
2704:
2702:
2688:
2682:
2681:
2679:
2677:
2663:
2652:
2651:
2649:
2647:
2633:
2627:
2626:
2624:
2622:
2607:
2601:
2600:
2598:
2596:
2582:
2576:
2575:
2549:
2527:
2521:
2520:
2519:
2517:
2511:
2505:, archived from
2494:
2483:
2477:
2476:
2474:
2472:
2462:
2456:
2455:
2453:
2443:
2434:
2433:
2415:
2406:
2400:
2399:
2392:
2386:
2385:
2383:
2381:
2376:on 10 April 2019
2372:. Archived from
2366:
2360:
2359:
2357:
2355:
2340:
2334:
2333:
2322:
2316:
2315:
2313:
2311:
2300:
2291:
2290:
2289:
2287:
2277:
2269:
2263:
2262:
2260:
2258:
2252:
2246:. Archived from
2213:
2203:
2197:
2196:
2194:
2192:
2187:on 10 April 2019
2183:. Archived from
2177:
2171:
2170:
2168:
2166:
2155:
2149:
2148:
2146:
2144:
2130:
2124:
2123:
2116:
2107:
2106:
2095:
2086:
2085:
2074:
2068:
2067:
2065:
2063:
2044:
2035:
2034:
2022:
2016:
2015:
2013:
2011:
1996:
1987:
1986:
1984:
1982:
1973:
1965:
1959:
1958:
1956:
1954:
1945:. Archived from
1939:
1930:
1929:
1927:
1925:
1908:
1902:
1901:
1890:
1884:
1883:
1872:
1855:
1854:
1852:
1850:
1838:
1823:
1822:
1820:
1818:
1799:(8 March 2024).
1793:
1675:
1663:
1651:
1635:
1619:
1607:
1593:
1581:
1567:
1566:
1546:
1545:
1510:
1509:
1490:
1489:
1469:
1468:
1450:
1449:
1429:
1428:
1409:
1408:
1388:
1387:
1367:
1360:
1356:
1355:
1327:
1326:
1319:
1088:
1087:
1079:secondary mirror
918:
715:Secondary mirror
699:root mean square
678:as the existing
447:laser guide star
383:edit on Wikidata
372:
351:
350:
344:
331:
326:
323:
321:
310:
309:
292:
277:
264:
263:
247:
234:
221:
208:
207:
182:
177:
175:
162:
149:
148:
131:
126:
125:
123:
122:
121:
116:
112:
109:
108:
107:
104:
70:
69:
52:
36:
29:
25:
5959:
5958:
5954:
5953:
5952:
5950:
5949:
5948:
5914:
5913:
5912:
5902:
5900:
5890:
5888:
5878:
5876:
5864:
5854:
5852:
5844:
5842:
5837:
5825:
5813:
5805:
5798:
5789:
5782:
5777:X-ray telescope
5775:
5768:
5759:
5752:
5745:
5738:
5731:
5724:
5717:
5710:
5703:
5696:
5687:
5680:
5673:
5666:
5657:
5650:
5643:
5636:
5629:
5622:
5615:
5608:
5597:
5590:
5583:
5576:
5569:
5562:
5555:
5548:
5541:
5534:
5527:
5520:
5512:
5501:
5494:
5485:
5478:
5471:
5464:
5457:
5450:
5443:
5436:
5429:
5422:
5415:
5408:
5401:
5388:
5383:Multi-messenger
5381:
5374:
5367:
5360:
5353:
5346:
5339:
5328:
5321:
5312:
5305:
5298:
5291:
5288:
5279:
5274:
5267:
5260:
5249:
5240:
5233:
5222:
5211:
5206:Space telescope
5204:
5197:
5190:
5183:
5165:
5158:
5151:
5144:
5137:
5130:
5121:
5114:
5107:
5099:
5094:
5064:
5059:
5027:
4985:
4945:
4894:
4889:
4881:
4873:
4857:
4852:
4844:
4834:
4826:
4818:
4802:
4797:
4785:
4780:
4772:
4764:
4756:
4748:
4742:
4734:
4713:
4707:
4701:
4692:
4457:
4439:
4434:
4404:
4399:
4381:
4353:
4316:Coquimbo Region
4310:
4280:
4211:Cerro Armazones
4192:
4187:
4157:
4152:
4104:
4076:
4019:
4013:
3993:
3975:
3967:
3928:
3919:
3888:
3883:
3796:
3791:
3781:
3779:
3775:
3774:
3770:
3760:
3758:
3750:
3749:
3745:
3735:
3733:
3729:
3728:
3724:
3714:
3712:
3704:
3703:
3699:
3692:
3688:
3678:
3676:
3675:. 12 March 2021
3671:
3670:
3666:
3656:
3654:
3650:
3649:
3645:
3635:
3633:
3624:
3623:
3619:
3609:
3607:
3598:
3597:
3593:
3583:
3581:
3577:
3576:
3572:
3562:
3560:
3556:
3555:
3551:
3541:
3539:
3535:
3534:
3530:
3520:
3518:
3514:
3513:
3509:
3499:
3497:
3493:
3492:
3488:
3478:
3476:
3472:
3471:
3467:
3457:
3455:
3447:
3446:
3442:
3432:
3430:
3426:
3425:
3421:
3411:
3409:
3400:
3399:
3392:
3381:
3380:
3373:
3363:
3361:
3352:
3351:
3347:
3337:
3335:
3328:
3324:
3323:
3319:
3309:
3307:
3299:
3298:
3294:
3284:
3282:
3274:
3273:
3269:
3259:
3257:
3255:www.cimolai.com
3249:
3248:
3244:
3234:
3232:
3224:
3223:
3219:
3209:
3207:
3202:
3201:
3197:
3187:
3185:
3177:
3176:
3172:
3162:
3160:
3152:
3151:
3147:
3137:
3135:
3127:
3126:
3122:
3112:
3110:
3102:
3101:
3097:
3087:
3085:
3083:www.adoptica.it
3077:
3076:
3072:
3062:
3060:
3052:
3051:
3044:
3034:
3032:
3023:
3022:
3018:
3008:
3006:
2998:
2997:
2993:
2983:
2981:
2973:
2972:
2968:
2958:
2956:
2948:
2947:
2940:
2930:
2928:
2913:
2912:
2908:
2898:
2896:
2891:. 30 May 2017.
2881:
2880:
2876:
2866:
2864:
2856:
2855:
2851:
2840:
2831:
2821:
2819:
2811:
2810:
2806:
2796:
2794:
2790:
2789:
2785:
2775:
2773:
2765:
2764:
2760:
2750:
2748:
2740:
2739:
2735:
2725:
2723:
2715:
2714:
2710:
2700:
2698:
2690:
2689:
2685:
2675:
2673:
2665:
2664:
2655:
2645:
2643:
2635:
2634:
2630:
2620:
2618:
2609:
2608:
2604:
2594:
2592:
2584:
2583:
2579:
2528:
2524:
2515:
2513:
2509:
2503:
2492:
2484:
2480:
2470:
2468:
2464:
2463:
2459:
2451:
2445:
2444:
2437:
2413:
2407:
2403:
2394:
2393:
2389:
2379:
2377:
2368:
2367:
2363:
2353:
2351:
2342:
2341:
2337:
2324:
2323:
2319:
2309:
2307:
2302:
2301:
2294:
2285:
2283:
2275:
2271:
2270:
2266:
2256:
2254:
2253:on 4 March 2016
2250:
2211:
2204:
2200:
2190:
2188:
2179:
2178:
2174:
2164:
2162:
2157:
2156:
2152:
2142:
2140:
2132:
2131:
2127:
2118:
2117:
2110:
2105:. 19 June 2014.
2097:
2096:
2089:
2076:
2075:
2071:
2061:
2059:
2046:
2045:
2038:
2031:The Independent
2023:
2019:
2009:
2007:
1997:
1990:
1980:
1978:
1971:
1967:
1966:
1962:
1952:
1950:
1941:
1940:
1933:
1923:
1921:
1909:
1905:
1892:
1891:
1887:
1874:
1873:
1858:
1848:
1846:
1839:
1826:
1816:
1814:
1797:Overbye, Dennis
1794:
1790:
1786:
1781:
1686:
1679:
1676:
1667:
1664:
1655:
1652:
1643:
1636:
1627:
1620:
1611:
1608:
1597:
1594:
1585:
1582:
1571:
1568:
1555:
1550:
1547:
1519:
1514:
1511:
1499:
1494:
1491:
1478:
1473:
1470:
1460:
1455:
1451:
1438:
1433:
1430:
1418:
1413:
1410:
1398:
1393:
1389:
1377:
1368:
1357:
1351:
1337:
1328:
1324:
1317:
1245:Keck Telescopes
1174:2 x 8.4 (22.8)
1100:
1095:
1065:and 30 m/655 m
1024:
951:
949:Instrumentation
910:
908:
885:
876:
851:
815:
810:
799:adaptive optics
795:
775:
759:
757:Tertiary mirror
717:
636:
631:
619:adaptive optics
603:
583:adaptive optics
571:Keck Telescopes
555:
511:Cerro Armazones
491:
443:adaptive optics
421:Cerro Armazones
386:
362:
361:
360:
359:
358:
354:
353:
352:
318:
304:
258:
202:
197:
193:
173:
171:
143:
119:
117:
113:
110:
105:
102:
100:
98:
97:
79:Cerro Armazones
64:
39:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5957:
5947:
5946:
5941:
5936:
5931:
5926:
5911:
5910:
5898:
5886:
5874:
5862:
5839:
5838:
5836:
5835:
5823:
5810:
5807:
5806:
5804:
5803:
5796:
5795:
5794:
5787:
5780:
5766:
5765:
5764:
5757:
5750:
5743:
5729:
5722:
5715:
5708:
5701:
5694:
5693:
5692:
5678:
5671:
5664:
5655:
5648:
5641:
5634:
5627:
5624:Astrochemistry
5620:
5613:
5605:
5603:
5599:
5598:
5596:
5595:
5588:
5581:
5574:
5567:
5560:
5557:Hale Telescope
5553:
5546:
5539:
5532:
5525:
5517:
5515:
5507:
5506:
5503:
5502:
5500:
5499:
5492:
5491:
5490:
5476:
5469:
5462:
5455:
5448:
5441:
5434:
5427:
5420:
5413:
5406:
5398:
5396:
5390:
5389:
5387:
5386:
5379:
5372:
5365:
5358:
5351:
5344:
5336:
5334:
5330:
5329:
5327:
5326:
5319:
5318:
5317:
5303:
5296:
5290:Visible-light
5286:
5272:
5265:
5257:
5255:
5251:
5250:
5248:
5247:
5246:
5245:
5231:
5219:
5217:
5213:
5212:
5210:
5209:
5202:
5195:
5188:
5180:
5178:
5171:
5167:
5166:
5164:
5163:
5156:
5149:
5142:
5135:
5128:
5127:
5126:
5112:
5104:
5101:
5100:
5093:
5092:
5085:
5078:
5070:
5061:
5060:
5058:
5057:
5045:
5032:
5029:
5028:
5026:
5025:
5024:
5023:
5013:
5008:
5003:
4997:
4995:
4991:
4990:
4987:
4986:
4984:
4983:
4978:
4973:
4966:
4961:
4953:
4951:
4947:
4946:
4944:
4943:
4938:
4933:
4928:
4923:
4918:
4913:
4908:
4902:
4900:
4896:
4895:
4893:
4892:
4884:
4876:
4865:
4863:
4859:
4858:
4856:
4855:
4853:(2021–present)
4847:
4845:(2021–present)
4837:
4835:(2019–present)
4829:
4827:(2018–present)
4821:
4819:(2013–present)
4810:
4808:
4804:
4803:
4801:
4800:
4792:
4791:
4790:
4775:
4759:
4751:
4737:
4728:
4726:
4719:
4718:Space missions
4715:
4714:
4695:
4693:
4691:
4690:
4685:
4680:
4675:
4670:
4665:
4660:
4655:
4650:
4645:
4640:
4635:
4630:
4625:
4620:
4615:
4610:
4605:
4600:
4595:
4594:
4593:
4583:
4578:
4573:
4568:
4563:
4558:
4553:
4548:
4543:
4538:
4533:
4528:
4523:
4522:
4521:
4516:
4506:
4501:
4496:
4491:
4486:
4481:
4476:
4471:
4465:
4463:
4459:
4458:
4456:
4455:
4450:
4448:Exoplanetology
4444:
4441:
4440:
4433:
4432:
4425:
4418:
4410:
4401:
4400:
4398:
4397:
4386:
4383:
4382:
4380:
4379:
4374:
4372:Cerro El Roble
4369:
4363:
4361:
4355:
4354:
4352:
4351:
4346:
4341:
4335:
4330:
4320:
4318:
4312:
4311:
4309:
4308:
4307:
4306:
4301:
4290:
4288:
4286:Atacama Region
4282:
4281:
4279:
4278:
4273:
4268:
4258:
4252:
4247:
4242:
4237:
4232:
4223:
4218:
4208:
4202:
4200:
4194:
4193:
4186:
4185:
4178:
4171:
4163:
4154:
4153:
4151:
4150:
4138:
4122:
4109:
4106:
4105:
4103:
4102:
4100:Xavier Barcons
4097:
4092:
4084:
4082:
4078:
4077:
4075:
4074:
4069:
4064:
4059:
4054:
4049:
4044:
4039:
4034:
4029:
4023:
4021:
4015:
4014:
4012:
4011:
4006:
4001:
3996:
3988:
3983:
3978:
3970:
3962:
3957:
3947:
3942:
3936:
3934:
3930:
3929:
3922:
3920:
3918:
3917:
3912:
3907:
3902:
3896:
3894:
3890:
3889:
3882:
3881:
3874:
3867:
3859:
3853:
3852:
3842:
3837:
3832:
3827:
3822:
3817:
3812:
3807:
3802:
3795:
3794:External links
3792:
3790:
3789:
3768:
3743:
3722:
3697:
3686:
3664:
3643:
3617:
3606:on 9 June 2011
3591:
3570:
3549:
3528:
3507:
3486:
3465:
3440:
3419:
3390:
3371:
3345:
3317:
3292:
3267:
3242:
3217:
3195:
3170:
3145:
3120:
3095:
3070:
3042:
3016:
2991:
2966:
2938:
2906:
2874:
2849:
2829:
2804:
2783:
2767:"Safran Reosc"
2758:
2733:
2708:
2683:
2653:
2628:
2602:
2577:
2522:
2501:
2495:, p. 43,
2478:
2457:
2435:
2424:(127): 11–19.
2401:
2387:
2361:
2335:
2317:
2292:
2264:
2236:10.1086/662995
2198:
2172:
2150:
2125:
2120:"ELT Timeline"
2108:
2087:
2084:. 26 May 2017.
2069:
2036:
2017:
1988:
1960:
1931:
1903:
1885:
1856:
1824:
1787:
1785:
1782:
1780:
1779:
1778:
1777:
1772:
1767:
1762:
1761:
1760:
1750:
1749:
1748:
1734:
1729:
1724:
1719:
1714:
1708:
1703:
1698:
1693:
1687:
1685:
1682:
1681:
1680:
1677:
1670:
1668:
1665:
1658:
1656:
1653:
1646:
1644:
1637:
1630:
1628:
1621:
1614:
1612:
1609:
1602:
1599:
1598:
1595:
1588:
1586:
1583:
1576:
1573:
1572:
1569:
1553:
1551:
1548:
1517:
1515:
1512:
1497:
1495:
1492:
1476:
1474:
1471:
1458:
1456:
1452:
1436:
1434:
1431:
1416:
1414:
1411:
1396:
1394:
1390:
1375:
1370:
1369:
1331:
1329:
1322:
1316:
1313:
1283:
1282:
1278:
1277:
1275:
1272:
1269:
1266:
1259:
1258:
1256:
1253:
1250:
1247:
1241:
1240:
1238:
1235:
1232:
1229:
1222:
1221:
1219:
1216:
1213:
1210:
1203:
1202:
1200:
1197:
1194:
1191:
1184:
1183:
1181:
1178:
1175:
1172:
1165:
1164:
1162:
1159:
1156:
1153:
1146:
1145:
1143:
1140:
1137:
1134:
1127:
1126:
1124:
1121:
1118:
1115:
1109:
1108:
1105:
1102:
1097:
1092:
1023:
1020:
1019:
1018:
1008:
998:
997:
983:
977:
950:
947:
907:
904:
884:
881:
875:
872:
850:
847:
814:
811:
809:
806:
794:
793:Quinary mirror
791:
774:
771:
758:
755:
716:
713:
635:
634:Primary mirror
632:
630:
627:
602:
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554:
551:
490:
487:
439:primary mirror
425:Atacama Desert
415:. Part of the
388:
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364:
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168:
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95:
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90:
76:
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71:
58:
54:
53:
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40:
37:
15:
9:
6:
4:
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2:
5956:
5945:
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5709:
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5695:
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5682:Constellation
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5366:
5363:
5359:
5356:
5352:
5349:
5345:
5342:
5338:
5337:
5335:
5333:Other methods
5331:
5324:
5320:
5315:
5311:
5310:
5308:
5304:
5301:
5297:
5294:
5287:
5282:
5277:
5273:
5270:
5269:Submillimetre
5266:
5263:
5259:
5258:
5256:
5252:
5243:
5239:
5238:
5236:
5232:
5229:
5228:Extragalactic
5225:
5221:
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5214:
5207:
5203:
5200:
5196:
5193:
5192:Observational
5189:
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4699:
4689:
4688:ZIMPOL/CHEOPS
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4419:
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4411:
4408:
4396:
4388:
4387:
4384:
4378:
4377:Manuel Foster
4375:
4373:
4370:
4368:
4365:
4364:
4362:
4360:
4356:
4350:
4347:
4345:
4342:
4339:
4336:
4334:
4333:Vera C. Rubin
4331:
4329:
4325:
4322:
4321:
4319:
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4313:
4305:
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4300:
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3997:
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3868:
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3861:
3860:
3857:
3850:
3849:archive.today
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3099:
3084:
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3005:
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2995:
2980:
2976:
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2916:
2915:"SENER group"
2910:
2894:
2890:
2889:
2884:
2878:
2863:
2859:
2853:
2845:
2838:
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2793:
2787:
2772:
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2712:
2697:
2696:www.fogale.fr
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2490:
2482:
2467:
2461:
2450:
2449:
2442:
2440:
2431:
2427:
2423:
2419:
2418:The Messenger
2412:
2405:
2397:
2391:
2375:
2371:
2365:
2349:
2348:Xavier Bacons
2345:
2339:
2331:
2327:
2321:
2305:
2299:
2297:
2281:
2274:
2268:
2249:
2245:
2241:
2237:
2233:
2229:
2225:
2221:
2217:
2210:
2202:
2186:
2182:
2176:
2160:
2154:
2139:
2135:
2129:
2121:
2115:
2113:
2104:
2100:
2094:
2092:
2083:
2079:
2073:
2057:
2053:
2049:
2043:
2041:
2032:
2028:
2021:
2006:
2002:
1995:
1993:
1977:
1970:
1964:
1948:
1944:
1938:
1936:
1920:
1916:
1912:
1907:
1899:
1895:
1889:
1881:
1877:
1871:
1869:
1867:
1865:
1863:
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1844:
1837:
1835:
1833:
1831:
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1812:
1808:
1807:
1802:
1798:
1792:
1788:
1776:
1773:
1771:
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1766:
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1746:
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1725:
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1699:
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1592:
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1435:
1415:
1395:
1374:
1373:
1366:
1363:
1354:
1349:
1345:
1341:
1335:
1332:This section
1330:
1321:
1320:
1312:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1290:
1279:
1276:
1273:
1270:
1267:
1264:
1260:
1257:
1254:
1251:
1248:
1246:
1242:
1239:
1236:
1233:
1230:
1227:
1223:
1220:
1217:
1214:
1211:
1208:
1204:
1201:
1198:
1195:
1192:
1189:
1185:
1182:
1179:
1176:
1173:
1170:
1166:
1163:
1160:
1157:
1154:
1151:
1147:
1144:
1141:
1138:
1135:
1132:
1128:
1125:
1122:
1119:
1116:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1103:
1098:
1093:
1090:
1089:
1086:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1070:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1045:
1041:
1036:
1028:
1016:
1012:
1009:
1006:
1003:
1002:
1001:
995:
991:
987:
984:
981:
978:
975:
972:
971:
970:
967:
963:
955:
946:
942:
938:
934:
930:
928:
906:Science goals
903:
900:
896:
892:
890:
880:
871:
863:
859:
856:
846:
842:
838:
836:
831:
827:
819:
805:
802:
800:
790:
786:
784:
779:
770:
767:
763:
754:
751:
747:
745:
740:
738:
734:
729:
721:
712:
709:
707:
702:
700:
696:
687:
683:
681:
677:
672:
663:
659:
658:a telescope.
655:
653:
648:
640:
626:
624:
620:
616:
607:
598:
595:
591:
586:
584:
580:
576:
572:
568:
559:
550:
548:
543:
538:
530:
526:
522:
520:
516:
512:
508:
500:
495:
486:
484:
479:
473:
471:
467:
463:
458:
456:
452:
448:
444:
440:
437:
432:
430:
426:
422:
418:
414:
411:
410:near-infrared
407:
403:
399:
395:
384:
378:
375:
371:
365:
343:
334:
330:
325:
317:
313:
308:
302:
299:
295:
291:
286:
284:
280:
276:
271:
267:
262:
256:
254:
250:
246:
241:
237:
233:
228:
224:
220:
215:
211:
206:
200:
196:
192:
189:
185:
181:
169:
165:
161:
156:
152:
147:
141:
138:
134:
130:
124:
96:
92:
88:
84:
80:
77:
73:
68:
62:
59:
55:
51:
46:
42:
35:
30:
22:
5908:Solar System
5658:
5638:Astrophysics
5617:Astrobiology
5542:
5281:Far-infrared
5235:Local system
5170:Astronomy by
5160:... in space
5053:
5040:
4968:
4956:
4868:
4839:
4813:
4766:
4683:XO Telescope
4633:Project 1640
4462:Ground-based
4344:Cerro Tololo
4324:Cerro Pachón
4294:Las Campanas
4214:
4140:
4124:
4112:
4087:
3953:
3949:
3780:. Retrieved
3771:
3759:. Retrieved
3755:
3746:
3734:. Retrieved
3725:
3713:. Retrieved
3709:
3700:
3689:
3677:. Retrieved
3667:
3655:. Retrieved
3646:
3634:. Retrieved
3630:the original
3620:
3608:. Retrieved
3604:the original
3594:
3582:. Retrieved
3573:
3561:. Retrieved
3552:
3540:. Retrieved
3531:
3519:. Retrieved
3510:
3498:. Retrieved
3489:
3477:. Retrieved
3468:
3456:. Retrieved
3452:
3443:
3431:. Retrieved
3422:
3410:. Retrieved
3406:the original
3383:
3362:. Retrieved
3357:
3348:
3336:. Retrieved
3332:
3320:
3308:. Retrieved
3304:
3295:
3283:. Retrieved
3279:
3270:
3258:. Retrieved
3254:
3245:
3233:. Retrieved
3229:
3220:
3208:. Retrieved
3198:
3186:. Retrieved
3182:
3173:
3161:. Retrieved
3157:
3148:
3136:. Retrieved
3132:
3123:
3111:. Retrieved
3107:
3098:
3086:. Retrieved
3082:
3073:
3061:. Retrieved
3057:
3033:. Retrieved
3028:
3019:
3007:. Retrieved
3003:
2994:
2982:. Retrieved
2978:
2969:
2957:. Retrieved
2953:
2929:. Retrieved
2925:the original
2918:
2909:
2897:. Retrieved
2886:
2877:
2865:. Retrieved
2861:
2852:
2820:. Retrieved
2816:
2807:
2795:. Retrieved
2786:
2774:. Retrieved
2771:Safran Reosc
2770:
2761:
2749:. Retrieved
2745:
2736:
2724:. Retrieved
2720:
2711:
2699:. Retrieved
2695:
2686:
2674:. Retrieved
2670:
2644:. Retrieved
2640:
2631:
2619:. Retrieved
2614:
2605:
2593:. Retrieved
2589:
2580:
2537:
2531:
2525:
2514:, retrieved
2507:the original
2488:
2481:
2469:. Retrieved
2460:
2447:
2421:
2417:
2404:
2390:
2378:. Retrieved
2374:the original
2364:
2352:. Retrieved
2347:
2338:
2329:
2320:
2308:. Retrieved
2284:, retrieved
2279:
2267:
2255:. Retrieved
2248:the original
2219:
2215:
2201:
2189:. Retrieved
2185:the original
2175:
2163:. Retrieved
2153:
2141:. Retrieved
2137:
2128:
2102:
2081:
2072:
2060:. Retrieved
2056:the original
2051:
2030:
2020:
2008:. Retrieved
2004:
1979:. Retrieved
1975:
1963:
1951:. Retrieved
1947:the original
1922:. Retrieved
1918:
1906:
1897:
1888:
1879:
1847:. Retrieved
1815:. Retrieved
1804:
1791:
1358:
1352:
1333:
1286:
1112:
1096:diameter (m)
1071:
1048:
1014:
1010:
1004:
999:
993:
989:
985:
979:
973:
968:
964:
960:
943:
939:
935:
931:
923:
901:
897:
893:
886:
877:
868:
852:
843:
839:
832:
828:
824:
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433:
427:of northern
397:
393:
391:
283:Focal length
174:26 May 2017–
170:26 May 2017–
136:Organization
5896:Outer space
5884:Spaceflight
5705:Planetarium
5362:High-energy
5348:Cosmic rays
5300:Ultraviolet
4890:(mid-2020s)
4798:(2017–2020)
4781:(2009–2018)
4773:(2008–2013)
4768:Deep Impact
4757:(2006–2013)
4735:(2003–2019)
4020:instruments
3994:(cancelled)
3782:11 February
3756:www.eso.org
3710:www.eso.org
3453:elt.eso.org
3360:(in German)
3358:www.eso.org
3333:www.eso.org
3305:www.eso.org
3230:www.eso.org
3210:21 November
3179:"M5 Mirror"
3158:www.eso.org
3154:"M4 Mirror"
3133:www.eso.org
3108:www.eso.org
3058:www.eso.org
3031:(in German)
3029:www.eso.org
2979:www.eso.org
2862:www.eso.org
2817:www.eso.org
2746:www.eso.org
2671:www.eso.org
2641:www.eso.org
2617:(in German)
2615:www.eso.org
2590:www.eso.org
2398:. phys.org.
1919:www.eso.org
1392:atmosphere.
1353:(June 2024)
1212:11.1 × 9.8
1104:First light
1049:One of the
992:, formerly
889:dome seeing
821:ELT concept
547:first light
483:first light
118: /
94:Coordinates
75:Location(s)
5918:Categories
5698:Photometry
5675:Binoculars
5652:Astrometry
5513:telescopes
5410:Babylonian
5254:EM methods
5132:Astronomer
4081:Miscellany
3968:(national)
3933:Telescopes
3893:Facilities
3715:23 January
3364:24 January
3338:24 January
3310:24 January
3280:www.eie.it
3009:24 January
2984:24 January
2931:24 January
2867:16 January
2726:24 January
2701:24 January
2676:24 January
2646:24 January
2621:24 January
2595:23 January
2547:1808.02693
2380:24 January
2354:14 January
2191:24 January
2062:7 December
1981:16 January
1784:References
1255:1990, 1996
1193:11.1 × 9.8
1099:Collecting
1022:Comparison
1013:(formerly
927:exoplanets
874:Windscreen
542:anastigmat
106:70°11′30″W
103:24°35′21″S
5860:Astronomy
5770:Telescope
5376:Spherical
5323:Gamma-ray
5292:(optical)
5097:Astronomy
4970:Eddington
4950:Cancelled
4841:Hayabusa2
4668:SuperWASP
4658:SPECULOOS
4628:PlanetPol
4591:Australis
4453:Exoplanet
4095:ESO Hotel
4018:Telescope
3976:(project)
3412:17 August
2751:9 January
2572:119505402
2310:17 August
2244:120016246
2165:17 August
1924:9 October
1289:arcsecond
1274:1998–2000
1101:area (m²)
1044:Colosseum
733:Schott AG
671:Schott AG
652:actuators
436:segmented
297:Enclosure
5820:Category
5529:Category
5424:Egyptian
5341:Neutrino
5276:Infrared
5224:Galactic
5199:Sidewalk
5153:Glossary
5123:Timeline
5042:Category
4899:Proposed
4673:Systemic
4581:MicroFUN
4561:Magellan
4499:ESPRESSO
4395:Category
4349:La Silla
4119:Category
4037:ESPRESSO
3960:ESO 3.6m
3736:16 March
3584:16 April
3563:16 April
3542:23 April
3521:16 April
3500:16 April
3479:16 April
3000:"Safran"
2893:Archived
2888:Phys.org
2052:Spaceref
2005:BBC News
1811:Archived
1684:See also
1094:Aperture
1042:and the
855:zenithal
826:tonnes.
594:Astronet
577:and the
553:Planning
499:Garching
400:) is an
213:Diameter
154:Altitude
5846:Portals
5832:Commons
5784:history
5754:Russian
5602:Related
5511:Optical
5496:Tibetan
5480:Serbian
5473:Persian
5417:Chinese
5394:Culture
5314:History
5185:Amateur
5116:History
5109:Outline
5054:Commons
5021:nearest
4994:Related
4862:Planned
4807:Current
4795:ASTERIA
4586:MINERVA
4571:MASCARA
4566:MARVELS
4519:HARPS-N
4484:EAPSNet
4479:CORALIE
4261:Paranal
4250:NANTEN2
4147:Commons
4062:PIONIER
4032:CORALIE
3986:MPG/ESO
3835:HARMONI
3679:11 July
3657:11 July
3636:15 June
3610:15 June
3433:13 July
3163:12 July
2959:12 July
2899:14 June
2846:. SPIE.
2552:Bibcode
2516:21 June
2471:15 June
2426:Bibcode
2286:22 June
2257:22 June
2224:Bibcode
2143:13 June
2082:Reuters
2010:11 June
1953:15 June
1849:29 June
1817:8 March
1315:Gallery
1271:50 (×4)
974:HARMONI
835:Astaldi
737:Zerodur
676:Zerodur
623:Nasmyth
489:History
423:in the
406:optical
315:Website
172: (
89:, Chile
57:Part of
5800:Zodiac
5740:French
5445:Indian
5438:Hebrew
5177:Manner
4958:Darwin
4941:PEGASE
4921:LUVOIR
4906:EXCEDE
4882:(2029)
4874:(2026)
4832:CHEOPS
4778:Kepler
4765:using
4749:(2006)
4743:using
4740:SWEEPS
4663:SPHERE
4653:SOPHIE
4576:MEarth
4541:HiCIAO
4531:HATNet
4509:Geneva
4489:ELODIE
4328:Gemini
4067:SPHERE
4027:ADONIS
3825:MICADO
3761:29 May
3387:. ESO.
3285:29 May
3260:29 May
3235:29 May
3188:7 July
3138:29 May
3113:29 May
3088:29 May
3063:29 May
3035:29 May
3004:Safran
2822:29 May
2797:29 May
2776:29 May
2570:
2499:
2242:
1624:mirror
1342:or by
1209:(HET)
1190:(SALT)
1171:(LBT)
1005:MOSAIC
990:MORFEO
986:MICADO
601:Design
573:, the
445:, six
367:
303:
201:
142:
63:
5872:Stars
5791:lists
5761:Women
5452:Inuit
5431:Greek
5369:Radar
5307:X-ray
5262:Radio
5242:Solar
4911:HabEx
4879:ARIEL
4870:PLATO
4762:EPOXI
4754:CoRoT
4643:SEEDS
4638:PARAS
4613:NESSI
4546:HIRES
4514:HARPS
4494:EPICS
4255:QUIET
4221:CLASS
4135:Space
4072:VIMOS
4047:HARPS
4042:GROND
3999:VISTA
3965:EULER
3847:(via
3830:METIS
3458:7 May
3329:(PDF)
2920:SENER
2568:S2CID
2542:arXiv
2510:(PDF)
2493:(PDF)
2452:(PDF)
2414:(PDF)
2276:(PDF)
2251:(PDF)
2240:S2CID
2212:(PDF)
1972:(PDF)
1265:(VLT)
1228:(GTC)
1218:1996
1180:2005
1152:(GMT)
1133:(TMT)
1015:HIRES
1011:ANDES
994:MAORY
980:METIS
744:SENER
515:Chile
478:euros
466:E-ELT
429:Chile
381:[
167:Built
5522:List
5487:folk
5459:Maya
4964:EChO
4916:LIFE
4824:TESS
4815:Gaia
4732:MOST
4725:Past
4678:TrES
4648:SETI
4623:OPSP
4618:OGLE
4608:NGTS
4556:LCES
4551:KELT
4469:AAPS
4338:SOAR
4276:SWGO
4240:ASTE
4235:ALMA
4230:APEX
4057:MUSE
4052:KMOS
3973:NGTS
3945:APEX
3940:ALMA
3784:2020
3763:2017
3738:2020
3717:2020
3681:2023
3659:2023
3638:2011
3612:2011
3586:2019
3565:2019
3544:2023
3523:2019
3502:2019
3481:2019
3460:2022
3435:2015
3414:2011
3366:2017
3340:2017
3312:2017
3287:2017
3262:2017
3237:2017
3212:2020
3190:2021
3165:2023
3140:2017
3115:2017
3090:2017
3065:2017
3037:2017
3011:2017
2986:2017
2961:2023
2933:2017
2901:2024
2869:2019
2824:2017
2799:2017
2778:2017
2753:2018
2728:2017
2703:2017
2678:2017
2648:2017
2623:2017
2597:2017
2518:2014
2497:ISBN
2473:2011
2382:2018
2356:2018
2312:2011
2288:2014
2259:2014
2193:2018
2167:2011
2145:2012
2064:2014
2012:2012
1983:2011
1955:2011
1926:2023
1851:2020
1819:2024
1454:sit.
1249:10.0
1237:2007
1231:10.4
1199:2005
1177:111
1161:2029
1155:25.4
1136:30.0
1123:2028
1117:39.3
1107:Ref
1091:Name
783:INAF
392:The
324:.org
322:.eso
301:dome
47:ELT
5689:IAU
4936:OST
4745:HST
4603:N2K
4598:MOA
4536:HEK
4526:GPI
4474:APF
4271:TAO
4265:VLT
4245:HTT
4215:ELT
4206:ACT
4009:VST
4004:VLT
3991:OWL
3981:NTT
3950:ELT
2954:ESO
2560:doi
2422:127
2330:ESO
2280:ESO
2232:doi
2220:123
2103:ESO
1268:8.2
1215:79
1158:368
1139:655
1120:978
1040:VLT
706:VDL
413:ELT
398:ELT
320:elt
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