460:
Kociolek, J.P.; Danz, A. (11 January 2022). "Taxonomy and valve ultrastructure of new and interesting freshwater fossil diatoms (Bacillariophyta) of
Miocene age from the Espanola Formation of New Mexico, U.S.A. II. Description of a New Grunowia species with comments on the genus".
496:
Mankin, Kyle R.; Rumsey, Christine; Sexstone, Graham; Ivahnenko, Tamara; Houston, Natalie; Chavarria, Shaleene; Senay, Gabriel; Foster, Linzy; Thomas, Jonathan; Flickinger, Allison; Galanter, Amy E.; Moeser, David; Welborn, Toby L.; Pedraza, Diana E.; Lamber, Patrick M. (2022).
357:
Biehler, S.; Ferguson, J.; Baldridge, W. S.; Jiracek, G. R.; Aldern, J. L.; Martinez, M.; Fernandez, R.; Romo, J.; Gilpin, B.; Braile, L. W.; Hersey, D. R.; Luyendyk, B. P.; Aiken, C. L. (March 1991). "A geophysical model of the Española Basin, Rio Grande rift, New Mexico".
132:, with the beds within the basin dipping to the west. No major bounding faults are found on the east side of the basin. The accumulated sediments in the center of the basin are about 2 to 3 km thick, becoming thinner to the east and pinching out against the
20:
393:
Golombek, Matthew P.; McGill, George E.; Brown, Laurie (May 1983). "Tectonic and geologic evolution of the
Espanola Basin, Rio Grande Rift: Structure, rate of extension, and relation to the state of stress in the western United States".
109:, around 25 million years ago. The early basin was more extensive than the present basin, and there is no evidence of boundary faults at this stage of development. The basin was likely a shallow depression between the
186:
supplying water to most residents of the basin. This aquifer is under stress from urban development and drought and the basin has been heavily studied to permit better management of this resource.
121:, rifting became focused on the Velarde graben, which is bounded on the west by the Pajarito fault zone. This is located on the western edge of the city of Los Alamos, at the feet of the
86:
away from the interior of North
America. The basin is partially filled with sediments eroded from the higher ground to the east and west or brought in by the ancestral Rio Grande. The
136:
rock of the Sangre de Cristo
Mountains. At greater depths near the basin center, there is are thick beds of older sedimentary rock that may be an old lake deposit of the
319:
Golombek, Matthew P. (1 February 1983). "Geology, structure, and tectonics of the
Pajarito fault zone in the Española basin of the Rio Grande rift, New Mexico".
248:
Aldrich, M. J. Jr.; Dethier, David P. (1 December 1990). "Stratigraphic and tectonic evolution of the northern Española basin, Rio Grande rift, New Mexico".
170:
fossil record in New Mexico. Most of the fossils are mammals, but lizard and turtle fossils have also been recovered, along with freshwater
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to the east. Faulting and volcanism began on the west side of the basin in mid-Miocene time, around 14 million years ago. In the early
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is located on the western margin of the basin and has contributed additional volcanic sediments to the basin. The sediments formed the
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Geophysical measurements show a deep layer of sedimentary rock in the basin, and this has been the target of exploratory drilling for
54:. The definition of its boundaries is not fully settled, but the basin is usually defined such that it includes the cities of
193:. However, the beds were found to most likely be relatively young (Eocene) lake sediments rather than the petroleum-bearing
303:
269:
567:
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114:
286:
Manley, Kim (1979). "Stratigraphy and
Structure of the Española Basin, Rio Grande Rift, New Mexico".
166:
The
Espanola basin has yielded vertebrate fossils since the 1870s, which provide the most extensive
99:
499:"Upper Rio Grande Basin water-resource status and trends: Focus area study review and synthesis"
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147:. The deepest portion of the rift is along the Velarde graben, which is up to 5 km deep.
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431:"New giant tortoise skulls from the Miocene of the Espanola Basin, New Mexico USA"
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periodically dammed the river and created a large lake in the
Espanola basin.
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10.1130/0016-7606(1990)102<1695:SATEOT>2.3.CO;2
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Map showing the location of the
Espanola Basin withine the
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New Mexico Museum of
Natural History and Science Bulletin
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10.1130/0016-7606(1983)94<192:GSATOT>2.0.CO;2
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154:, around 4 million years ago. Volcanic activity in the
229:. New Mexico Bureau of Geology & Mineral Resources
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The sediments beneath the basin form a major regional
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The Rio Grande became established in the basin in the
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105:The basin began forming during the middle to late
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429:Lichtig, Asher J.; Lucas, Spencer G. (2022).
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16:Structural basin in northern New Mexico, US
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227:Española Basin Technical Advisory Group
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573:Sedimentary basins of North America
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223:"The Española Basin, New Mexico"
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128:The basin is an asymmetric
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475:10.11646/phytotaxa.530.3.5
201:beds that were hoped for.
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115:Sangre de Cristo Mountains
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74:The basin is part of the
43:. It is located in the
82:forces have pulled the
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568:Geology of New Mexico
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503:Journal of the ASABE
288:Special Publications
113:to the west and the
88:Jemez volcanic field
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408:1983Tectp..94..483G
372:1991Geop...56..340B
333:1983GSAB...94..192G
262:1990GSAB..102.1695A
50:and is part of the
296:10.1029/SP014p0071
178:Economic resources
145:El Rito Formations
29:
516:10.13031/ja.14964
380:10.1190/1.1443048
256:(12): 1695–1705.
111:Sierra Nacimiento
96:Chamita Formation
92:Tesuque Formation
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544:35.9°N 106.1°W
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321:GSA Bulletin
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39:in northern
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134:Precambrian
130:half-graben
562:Categories
360:Geophysics
205:References
60:Los Alamos
45:Rio Grande
41:New Mexico
483:245888751
463:Phytotaxa
290:: 71–86.
199:Paleozoic
191:petroleum
107:Oligocene
48:watershed
535:106°06′W
195:Mesozoic
152:Pliocene
141:Galisteo
119:Pliocene
80:tectonic
64:Espanola
56:Santa Fe
532:35°54′N
445:27 June
441:: 25–32
404:Bibcode
368:Bibcode
329:Bibcode
258:Bibcode
233:27 June
184:aquifer
172:diatoms
168:Miocene
162:Fossils
98:of the
70:Geology
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138:Eocene
62:, and
479:S2CID
35:is a
447:2022
300:ISBN
235:2022
94:and
31:The
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
