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662:, for winning the Battle Efficiency Competition for his ship and for winning Excellence Awards in Engineering, Gunnery, Anti-Submarine Warfare, and Operations. In July 1957, he returned to the Bureau of Naval Personnel for further duty. In December 1957, he was transferred to the Office of the Assistant Secretary of the Navy (Personnel and Reserve Forces), and served as special assistant for naval personnel until November 1958, then as special assistant and naval aide until August 1959.
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688:, Washington, D.C., during the 1961–1962 class year. In June 1962, he was assigned to the Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense (International Security Affairs), Washington, D.C., where he served first as desk officer for France, Spain, and Portugal, then as director of arms control and contingency planning for Cuba. From December 1963 until June 21, 1965, he served as executive assistant and senior aide to the Honorable
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884:"Z-gram" was the semi-official title for policy directives issued by Elmo Zumwalt as Chief of Naval Operations (CNO). Many of these directives were efforts to reform outdated policies potentially contributing to difficulties recruiting and retaining qualified naval personnel during the period of United States withdrawal from the
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1009:
Z-gram 30 (23 September 1970): established "hard-rock" officers' clubs for junior officers at five naval bases and encouraged other naval base officers' clubs to allow at least one room for casual dress, encourage unescorted young ladies to visit the clubs, and appoint younger officers to advise club
802:
Zumwalt assumed duties as Chief of Naval
Operations and was promoted to full admiral on July 1, 1970, and quickly began a series of moves intended to reduce racism and sexism in the Navy. These were disseminated in Navy-wide communications known as "Z-grams". These included orders authorizing beards
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at the USNA, he was president of the
Trident Society, vice president of the Quarterdeck Society and the two-time winner of the June Week Public Speaking Contest (1940–41). Zumwalt also participated in intercollegiate debating and was a Company Commander (1941) and Regimental Three Striper (1942). He
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During his son's illness in the early 1980s, Admiral
Zumwalt was very active in lobbying Congress to establish a national registry of bone marrow donors. Such donors serve patients who do not have suitably matched bone marrow donors in their families. Though his son ultimately was able to receive a
1127:
Z-gram 57 (10 November 1970): eliminated a broad spectrum of selectively enforced regulations and specified relaxed interpretations of others related to grooming standards and wearing of uniforms, so the vast majority of sailors would not be penalized by policies designed to constrain a few abusing
1252:
I am a lawyer and I don't think I could prove in court, by the weight of the existing scientific evidence, that Agent Orange is the cause of all the medical problems – nervous disorders, cancer and skin problems – reported by
Vietnam veterans, or of their children's severe birth defects. But I am
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Z-gram 14 (27 August 1970): abolished 18 collateral duties traditionally assigned to junior officers (including cigarette fund officer and cold weather officer) and encouraged assignment of another 18 collateral duties (including movie officer and athletics officer) to qualified senior petty
1219:
While serving in
Shanghai in 1945, Zumwalt met and married Mouza Coutelais-du-Roche, whose French-Russian family was living there. She returned with him to the United States. They had four children: Elmo Russell Zumwalt III; James Gregory Zumwalt; Ann F. Zumwalt Coppola; and Mouzetta C.
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fraternity. He was initiated in 1980 as a
Renaissance brother, who "provides for men who live up to the ideals of Sigma Phi Epsilon to be part of the Fraternity even though they may not have had the opportunity during their college years." He was initiated by the Connecticut
928:
Z-gram 7 (11 August 1970): directed commanding officers to assign sponsors for newly arriving personnel. The sponsors were normally of the same rank or rate and with similar marital and family status to assist the arriving family establishing themselves in the new
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Z-gram 15 (28 August 1970): ordered all disbursing officers to provide all personnel with a statement of earnings prior to 30 October 1970 itemizing basic pay and allowances for clothing, quarters, sea duty, and hostile fire with taxes, deductions and
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721:, Zumwalt assumed command of Cruiser-Destroyer Flotilla Seven on 24 July 1965 in San Diego. He then served as Director, Systems Analysis Division, OPNAV (OP-96) from August 1966 to August 1968. In September 1968, he became Commander
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Z-gram 70 (21 January 1971): clarified grooming standards and working uniform regulations addressed by Z-gram 57 to reflect contemporary hair styles and allow wearing working uniforms while commuting between the base and off-base
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821:—that could be bought in greater numbers. Rickover, the 'Father of the Nuclear Navy', preferred buying a few major ships to buying many ordinary ones. Zumwalt proposed four kinds of warships to fit the plan; in the end, only the
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Z-gram 8 (11 August 1970): extended the working hours of personnel writing officers' orders from 16:30 to 21:00 so those personnel would be available to answer telephone questions after duty hours of officers expecting
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Z-gram 6 (11 August 1970): instituted a test program, funded entirely by deployed personnel to assist their families obtaining transportation and lodging to visit them in an overseas liberty port during holiday
406:. A decorated war veteran, Zumwalt reformed United States Navy personnel policies in an effort to improve enlisted life and ease racial tensions. After he retired from a 32-year navy career, he launched an
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Z-gram 59 (14 November 1970): established a program for officers to spend a year of independent research and study for professional development in areas mutually beneficial to the officer and the Navy.
1115:
Z-gram 53 (2 November 1970): authorized annual publication of a list of job assignments available to junior officers, emphasizing geographical locations and required qualifications for career planning.
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1235:. In addition, his grandson Elmo Russell Zumwalt IV had been born in 1977 with learning disabilities. Admiral Zumwalt and his family were convinced where both son and grandson were victims of
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and who interviewed all officers with responsibilities involving nuclear propulsion. Rickover and
Zumwalt had a combative conversation, with Zumwalt referring to it as a humbling experience.
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was renamed the Elmo
Zumwalt Treatment & Research Center. It specializes in mesothelioma research, particularly for veterans who may have been exposed to asbestos during their service.
1265:, published by MacMillan in September 1986, where they discussed the family tragedy of his son's battle with cancer. In 1988, the book was made into a TV movie with the same name, starring
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He also served as officer and enlisted requirements officer, and as action officer on
Medicare legislation. Completing that tour of duty in July 1955, he assumed command of the destroyer
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transplant from his own sister, many patients do not have close relatives who are able and willing to help in this way. As such, his efforts were a major factor in the founding of the
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Z-gram 9 (14 August 1970): provided an alternative means of promotion to 1st class and CPO for highly motivated individuals who had five times failed the normal promotion examinations.
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Z-gram 13 (26 August 1970): directed commanding officers to grant 30 days of leave to at least half of their crew during the first 30 days following return from overseas deployment.
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Z-gram 66 (17 December 1970): directed every navy facility to appoint a minority group officer or senior petty officer as a minority affairs assistant to the commanding officer.
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that patrolled the coasts, harbors, and rivers of
Vietnam. Among the swift-boat commanders were his son Elmo Russell Zumwalt III and later future senator and secretary of state
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Z-gram 12 (24 August 1970): authorized wearing of civilian clothes on shore bases during and after the evening meal by all enlisted personnel except recruits in basic training.
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Z-gram 16 (2 September 1970): established a computer database to assist enlisted personnel desiring a duty swap with a similarly qualified sailor on another ship or home port.
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Z-gram 50 (23 October 1970): encouraged ships returning from overseas deployments to use shore based utilities to allow leave for increased numbers of engineering personnel.
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Z-gram 61 (19 November 1970): Authorized warrant officers and senior petty officers afloat to serve as communications watch officers and registered publications custodians.
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Z-gram 56 (9 November 1970): established a program similar to Z-16 for officers desiring a duty swap with a similarly qualified officer on another ship or home port.
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Zumwalt reshaped the Navy's effort to replace large numbers of aging World War II-era vessels, a plan called "High-Low". Instituted over the resistance of Admiral
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Z-gram 38 (28 September 1970): instructed commanding officers to eliminate scheduling of work routine on Sundays and holidays unless ship is deployed overseas.
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Z-gram 24 (14 September 1970): established procedures for Navy wives to present complaints, viewpoints and suggestions to commanding officers of shore bases.
752:. Among his other forces were Task Force 115, the Coastal Surveillance Force, Task Force 116, the River Patrol Force and Task Force 117, the joint Army-Navy
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Z-gram 18 (4 September 1970): opened the Navy Finance Center around the clock to all disbursing officers processing urgent inquiries about pay and benefits.
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to have an officer or CPO meet each arriving transient aircraft to coordinate aircraft servicing and assist flight crew with dining and temporary lodging.
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Z-gram 20 (8 September 1970): required all shore bases to provide washing facilities and lockers for enlisted personnel assigned dirty work in dungarees.
1239:, which the admiral had ordered to be sprayed over the Mekong Delta to kill vegetation and drive "the Viet Cong back 1,000 yards off the water's edge".
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Z-gram 60 (18 November 1970): encouraged all major naval installations to install a recording answering device on one telephone to receive suggestions.
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Z-gram 31 (23 September 1970): established a junior officer ship-handling competition whose winners would be able to pick their next duty assignment.
1143:
Z-gram 62 (27 November 1970): established a Naval War College forum to discuss improved naval personnel policies and present their views to CNO and
1661:
December 1957 – August 1959, special assistant, executive assistant, Office of the Assistant Secretary of the Navy for Personnel and Reserve Forces
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680:, he assumed command of that frigate at her commissioning in December 1959, and commanded it until June 1961. During the period of his command,
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as his son. Elmo Zumwalt III died as the result of his cancer on August 14, 1988, at the age of 42, three months after the TV movie was shown.
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was detached for instruction in the Operational Training Command-Pacific in San Francisco. In January 1944, Zumwalt reported for duty on board
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Z-gram 67 (22 December 1970): streamlined required inspection procedures to reduce the amount of time required for preparation and execution.
997:
Z-gram 26 (21 September 1970): shifted responsibility for shore patrol staffing from shipboard to shore-based personnel at major naval bases.
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earned the Excellence Award in Engineering, Supply, Weapons, and was runner-up in the Battle Efficiency Competition. He was a student at the
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Z-gram 43 (13 October 1970): encouraged commanding officers to help disbursing officers speedily process large travel reimbursement claims.
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Z-gram 39 (5 October 1970): extended the operating hours of 25 large base commissaries to reduce crowds on Saturday mornings and paydays.
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Z-gram 64 (3 December 1970): encouraged commanding officers to increase the opportunities for junior officers to practice ship handling.
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Z-gram 22 (9 September 1970): authorized shore bases to organize facility improvement teams for welfare, living and parking facilities.
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Z-gram 21 (9 September 1970): encouraged commanding officers to provide compensatory time off for personnel standing watch on holidays.
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Z-gram 46 (15 October 1970): reduced routine paperwork required for the 3M planned maintenance system inspections and documentation.
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733:, Commander, MACV. Zumwalt always spoke very highly of Abrams, and said that Abrams was the most caring officer he had ever known.
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and later the 19th Chief of Naval Operations, Zumwalt played a major role in United States military history, especially during the
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Z-gram 25 (16 September 1970): authorized ships in port to reduce watch standing rotation from one day in four to one day in six.
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Z-gram 35 (25 September 1970): authorized alcoholic beverages in barracks and beer vending machines in senior enlisted barracks.
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Z-gram 32 (23 September 1970): allowed sailors to arrange their own re-enlistment ceremonies with assistance from their command.
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and others, High-Low sought to balance the purchase of high-end, nuclear-powered vessels with low-end, cheaper ones—such as the
2741:
2341:
1189:, published by Quadrangle Books in 1976. It reviews his Navy career and includes reprints of all the Z-grams he issued as CNO.
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Z-gram 68 (23 December 1970): expanded the civilian clothing privilege explored in Z-gram 5 to all petty officers on all ships.
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September 1968 – May 1970, Commander, U.S. Naval Forces Vietnam and Chief, Naval Advisory Group Vietnam, Saigon, South Vietnam
1089:
Z-gram 47 (20 October 1970): increased responsibilities of department heads and executive officers of ships being deactivated.
1006:
Z-gram 29 (22 September 1970): encouraged commanding officers to allow leave for 5% of their crew during overseas deployments.
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for "heroic service as Evaluator in the Combat Information Center ... in action against enemy Japanese battleships during the
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426:, the son of Elmo Russell Zumwalt, and his wife, Frances Pearl (née Frank) Zumwalt, both country doctors. Frances was raised
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Z-gram 42 (13 October 1970): allowed junior officers to request sea duty as their first choice for initial duty assignment.
1044:
803:(sideburns, mustaches, and longer groomed hair were also acceptable) and introducing beer-dispensing machines to barracks.
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with a crew of 200. In this capacity, he took the first American-controlled ship since the outbreak of World War II up the
438:, where he grew up. She became estranged from her parents for marrying outside the faith, as the Zumwalts were Christians.
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January 1948 – June 1950, assistant professor of naval sciences, NROTC Unit, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
1000:
Z-gram 27 (21 September 1970): eliminated routine local operations over a weekend by ships sailing from their home port.
1341:
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June 1962 – December 1963, desk officer, Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense (International Security Affairs)
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Z-gram 69 (28 December 1970): eliminated command of a deep draft ship from the requirements for promotion to admiral.
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In 1994 the U.S. Navy Memorial Foundation awarded Zumwalt its Lone Sailor Award for his distinguished naval career.
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Z-gram 4 (30 July 1970): authorized 30 days leave for officers with orders for a permanent change of station (PCS).
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286:
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Z-gram 34 (25 September 1970): eliminated the requirement for junior officers to own formal dinner dress uniforms.
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Z-gram 28 (21 September 1970): was a status report on implementation of recommendations by retention study groups.
2952:"Admiral Elmo R. ("Bud") Zumwalt, Jr., USN (1920-2000) 19th Chief of Naval Operations, 1 July 1970 - 1 July 1974"
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and later 31—to give promising young officers early command experience. Billets were a rank lower than normal.
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in April 1970. Upon being relieved as Commander Naval Forces Vietnam on May 15, 1970, he was awarded a second
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1961:
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class stood as the most numerous class of United States' warships since World War II until the advent of the
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Z-gram 36 (26 September 1970): encouraged commanding officers to improve the customer service ethic at base
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Z-gram 49 (23 October 1970): required half of personnel on awards boards to be below the rank of commander.
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Z-gram 45 (15 October 1970): encouraged commanding officers to increase support services to families of
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After the end of World War II in August 1945, Zumwalt continued to serve until December 8, 1945, as the
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1947:
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by a 57% to 38% result. Later, he held the presidency of the American Medical Building Corporation in
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Z-gram 58 (14 November 1970): required ships' stores afloat to accept checks in payment for purchases.
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on November 21, 1950, and he continued to command her until March 1951, when he joined the battleship
3414:
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Z-gram 55 (4 November 1970): established pilot program for improving Navy human resources management.
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205:
63:
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1320:. In his eulogy President Bill Clinton called Zumwalt "the conscience of the United States Navy".
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Z-gram 63 (30 November 1970): reduced by 25% the number of publications to be maintained by ships.
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November 1943 – December 1943, student, Operational Training Command Pacific, San Francisco, Cal.
1504:
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Z-gram 54 (2 November 1970): outlined procedures for junior personnel to make suggestions to CNO.
869:. For Zumwalt, not pleased with the choice, this was reason enough to challenge Virginia Senator
822:
729:(MACV) and was promoted to vice admiral in October 1968. Zumwalt was the Navy adviser to General
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149:
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2006:
1999:
1973:
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on one of Zumwalt's patrol boats during the Vietnam War. In January 1983, he was diagnosed with
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Z-gram 37 (26 September 1970): reduced the rank required for command of aviation squadrons from
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1309:
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1281:(NMDP) in July 1986. Admiral Zumwalt was the first chairman of the NMDP's board of directors.
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Z-gram 33 (25 September 1970): established a procedure to improve customer relations at naval
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Z-gram 17 (2 September 1970): raised the check-cashing limit at naval bases from $ 25 to $ 50.
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Z-gram 65 (5 December 1970): listed incentives for officers to volunteer for duty in Vietnam.
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Z-gram 51 (23 October 1970): established a uniform breast insignia for officers in charge of
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Z-gram 44 (13 October 1970): encouraged assignment of senior petty officers to stand in-port
1056:
Z-gram 40 (7 October 1970): gave sailors the option of being paid either in cash or by check.
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Zumwalt had planned to become a doctor like his parents, but in 1939, he was accepted to the
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to be filled by a commander or captain with a record of outstanding performance in command.
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from President Nixon to authorize an increased percentage of early promotions for officers.
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210:
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Z-gram 11 (24 August 1970): authorized continuing sea duty for enlisted men requesting it.
8:
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Grand Crosses with Star and Sash of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
3345:
Z-grams: A List of Policy Directives Issued by Admiral Zumwalt 1 July 1970 to 1 July 1974
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Grand Crosses with Silver Breast Star of the Order of Merit of Duarte, Sánchez and Mella
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1979:
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office focused on providing information to dependent families of active duty personnel.
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1972 Time magazine article on resistance to Zumwalt's policies, "Keelhauling the Navy"
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2767:, Zumwalt quoted at length an interview with Admiral Hyman Rickover, regarded as the
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565:, China. There, they helped to restore order and assisted in disarming the Japanese.
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1941:
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December 1963 – June 1965, executive assistant, Office of the Secretary of the Navy
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658:. In this assignment, he was commended by the Commander, Cruiser-Destroyer Forces,
644:
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August 1966 – August 1968 Director, Systems Analysis Division, Office of the CNO
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Z-gram 5 (30 July 1970): instituted a test program aboard six ships to extend to
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639:, and in June 1953, he reported as head of the Shore and Overseas Bases Section,
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3110:"Remarks at Funeral Services for Elmo R. Zumwalt, Jr., in Annapolis, Maryland"
2012:
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July 1970 – June 1974, Chief of Naval Operations, the Pentagon, Arlington, Va.
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August 1959 – June 1961, prospective commanding officer, commanding officer,
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Zumwalt's casket being carried by pallbearers at his funeral in January 2000.
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Z-gram 23 (12 September 1970): established the CPO advisory board to the CNO.
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1955:
602:, where he remained until June 1950. That same month, he assumed command of
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Z-gram 41 (21 October 1970): established a Command Excellence chair at the
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1364:– Class of 1943, which graduated on 19 June 1942 due to wartime necessity.
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program has been named the Zumwalt class in his honor, and its lead ship,
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July 1957 – December 1957: lieutenant detailer, Bureau of Naval Personnel
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Z-gram 2 (14 July 1970): convened a junior officer retention study group.
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August 1961 – June 1962, student, National War College, Washington, D.C.
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June 1952 – June 1953, student, Naval War College, Newport, Rhode Island
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Zumwalt: The Life and Times of Admiral Elmo Russell "Bud" Zumwalt Jr
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Z-gram 1 (1 July 1970): Zumwalt's remarks upon taking office as CNO.
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managers about other measures to improve morale of junior officers.
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3034:"Elmo R. Zumwalt 3d, 42, Is Dead; Father Ordered Agent Orange Use"
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July 1965 – July 1966, Commander, Cruiser-Destroyer Flotilla Seven
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June 1953 – July 1955, Bureau of Naval Personnel, Washington, D.C.
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Elmo Zumwalt Jr. retired from the Navy on July 1, 1974, aged 53.
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Members of the Jewish Institute for National Security of America
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Members First Class of the Distinguished Service Order (Vietnam)
2982:"Z-grams: A List of Policy Directives Issued by Admiral Zumwalt"
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as navigator and served with the ship in operations in Korea.
3171:"Kerry'S Photo Raises Eyebrows in Museum in Ho Chi Minh City"
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Z-gram 3 (22 July 1970): Cryptographic procedures and Policy.
3141:"Remarks Aboard the U.S.S. John F. Kennedy in New York City"
861:. Zumwalt was the last Chief of Naval Operations to live at
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on June 19, 1942. He also received an honorary degree from
3311:
Admiral Elmo R. Zumwalt Jr., Texas Tech University Series
2722:
any relevant information into other sections or articles.
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Z-gram 52 (23 October 1970): Dissemination of CNO policy.
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Recipients of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic
3621:
Recipients of the Order of Military Merit (South Korea)
2843:, Gale, 2009. Reproduced in Biography Resource Center.
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In 2013, the Mesothelioma Center for Excellence at the
3373:"Me and "Z" – Admiral Elmo R. Zumwalt | Fox News"
665:
Ordered to the first ship built from the keel up as a
584:, and in March 1946, was transferred to the destroyer
3299:
by Elmo R. Zumwalt Jr. (The New York Times Book Co.,
3281:
by Elmo R. Zumwalt Jr. and Elmo R. Zumwalt III, with
3072:
3070:
1257:
Admiral Zumwalt and his son collaborated with writer
917:
to keep civilian clothing aboard ship for wearing on
725:
and Chief of the Naval Advisory Group, United States
2796:
2485:
Republic of Vietnam Navy Distinguished Service Order
1223:
Zumwalt's eldest son, Elmo Zumwalt III, served as a
1208:, and was defeated by incumbent independent senator
3656:
Burials at the United States Naval Academy Cemetery
3571:Recipients of the Navy Distinguished Service Medal
3556:Military personnel from Arlington County, Virginia
3138:
3107:
3076:
3067:
2785:In 1972, Zumwalt became an honorary member of the
700:and the Secretary of the Navy, he was awarded the
1304:Zumwalt died on January 2, 2000, aged 79, at the
1231:, and in 1985 it was then discovered he also had
1128:the trust and confidence of less stringent rules.
839:became reality, and only six of the planned 100+
477:
3482:
3247:"Matrikel 1996 för Kungl. Örlogsmannasällskapet"
3586:Recipients of the Order of Naval Merit (Brazil)
3521:United States Navy personnel of the Vietnam War
3314:Texas Tech University's Virtual Vietnam archive
3079:"Statement on the Death of Elmo R. Zumwalt, Jr"
2669:
1092:Z-gram 48 (23 October 1970): established a new
865:before it became the official residence of the
3661:United States Navy personnel of the Korean War
3015:(819). United States Naval Institute: 293–298.
1609:March 1946 – January 1948, executive officer,
1599:October 1945 – March 1946, executive officer,
3541:Deaths from mesothelioma in the United States
2063:with one silver and two bronze service stars
972:Z-gram 19 (4 September 1970): implemented an
696:. For duty in his tour in the offices of the
594:In January 1948, Zumwalt was assigned to the
3631:Grand Officers of the Order of Orange-Nassau
3616:Grand Cordons of the Order of the Rising Sun
3526:United States Navy personnel of World War II
1622:June 1950 – March 1951, commanding officer,
1589:January 1944 – October 1945, watch officer,
1576:August 1942 – November 1943, watch officer,
759:
654:, participating in two deployments with the
430:, the daughter of Julius and Sarah Frank of
394:officer and the youngest person to serve as
390:(November 29, 1920 – January 2, 2000) was a
3651:Recipients of the Gallantry Cross (Vietnam)
3641:Recipients of the National Order of Vietnam
2259:Order of Merit of Duarte, Sánchez and Mella
2257:Grand Cross with Silver Breast Star of the
1648:July 1955 – July 1957, commanding officer,
417:
3362:Zumwalt, ADM Elmo R. Jr., U.S. Navy (Ret.)
1076:watches to reduce junior officer workload.
367: 1945–2000)
31:
3256:(in Swedish) (4). Carlskrona: 313. 1996.
1696:
873:in the 1976 Senate election in Virginia.
3626:Order of National Security Merit members
3581:Presidential Medal of Freedom recipients
2923:
1295:
763:
740:force, like the Seventh Fleet; it was a
613:was placed in full active commission at
3108:William J. Clinton (January 10, 2000).
3054:
3052:
3006:
2787:Royal Swedish Society of Naval Sciences
2083:
1284:In his later years, Zumwalt resided in
799:for exceptionally meritorious service.
465:, and Rutherford Preparatory School in
3606:Grand Crosses of the Order of George I
3483:
3077:William J. Clinton (January 2, 2000).
3028:
3026:
3024:
3022:
2881:
2760:between Vietnam and the United States.
2744:in Ho Chi Minh City, near pictures of
2600:
2342:Order of Merit of the Italian Republic
1316:. His funeral service was held at the
591:, as executive officer and navigator.
568:
16:United States Navy admiral (1920–2000)
2917:
2616:Philippine Presidential Unit Citation
2550:with two service stars (Philippines)
2076:Navy Expert Rifle Marksmanship Ribbon
939:Z-gram 10 (20 August 1970): required
596:Naval Reserve Officers Training Corps
3636:Recipients of the Order of the Sword
3531:Deaths from cancer in North Carolina
3222:"Renaissance of Brotherhood Program"
3049:
2696:
2648:Unit Citation (Republic of Vietnam)
2487:, First Class (Republic of Vietnam)
2472:, Third Class (Republic of Vietnam)
2390:, Tong-Il Medal (Republic of Korea)
2243:Order of Naval Merit Admiral Padilla
1702:U.S. military awards and decorations
1337:, bears his name by Navy tradition.
717:After his selection for the rank of
93:United States Naval Academy Cemetery
3139:William J. Clinton (July 4, 2000).
3019:
3000:
2661:Vietnam Civil Actions Unit Citation
2646:Republic of Vietnam Gallantry Cross
2500:Republic of Vietnam Gallantry Cross
1632:March 1951 – June 1952, navigator,
1291:
806:Zumwalt instituted the 'Mod Squad'—
744:unit: he commanded the flotilla of
727:Military Assistance Command Vietnam
707:
528:. On this ship, he was awarded the
495:graduated with distinction and was
13:
3596:Commanders of the Legion of Honour
3561:United States Naval Academy alumni
3511:Military personnel from California
3272:
3151:from the original on July 19, 2021
3120:from the original on July 19, 2021
3089:from the original on July 19, 2021
2375:, Third Class (Republic of Korea)
1342:West Los Angeles VA Medical Center
1196:, Zumwalt unsuccessfully ran as a
879:
14:
3682:
3576:Recipients of the Legion of Merit
3501:American people of German descent
3319:
3007:Zumwalt, Elmo (1971). "Z-grams".
2713:list of miscellaneous information
2631:Korean Presidential Unit Citation
2424:Royal Norwegian Order of St. Olav
2293:Grand Cross, Second Class of the
2106:
3367:Zumwalt Staff Officers, Volume I
2813:
2799:
2701:
2692:
2677:
2653:
2638:
2623:
2608:
2584:
2569:
2555:
2538:
2532:
2525:
2507:
2502:with Palm (Republic of Vietnam)
2492:
2477:
2462:
2447:
2431:
2415:
2395:
2388:Order of National Security Merit
2380:
2365:
2349:
2333:
2318:
2302:
2286:
2266:
2250:
2234:
2219:
2203:
2187:
2169:
2163:
2156:
2149:
2130:
2114:
2091:
2068:
2051:
2045:
2038:
2031:
2011:
2005:
1998:
1978:
1972:
1954:
1940:
1920:
1914:
1907:
1900:
1883:
1863:
1857:
1840:
1826:
1809:
1803:
1780:
1774:
1754:
1748:
1735:Navy Distinguished Service Medal
1725:
1719:
1712:
1546:
1539:
1532:
1525:
1456:
1449:
1442:
1435:
1428:
1421:
1353:
1347:
1248:in 1986, Elmo Zumwalt III said:
1183:After he retired, Zumwalt wrote
828:of missile patrol boats and the
797:Navy Distinguished Service Medal
343:
287:Navy Distinguished Service Medal
215:Cruiser-Destroyer Flotilla Seven
124:
104:
3666:Tulare Union High School alumni
3239:
3214:
3189:
3163:
3145:The American Presidency Project
3132:
3114:The American Presidency Project
3101:
3083:The American Presidency Project
2740:Zumwalt's picture hangs in the
2685:Distinguished Eagle Scout Award
1932:with one silver and two bronze
517:, a destroyer. In August 1943,
472:
447:Distinguished Eagle Scout Award
364:
339:
2974:
2944:
2908:
2899:
2890:
2875:
2850:
2834:
2023:with two bronze service stars
1988:National Defense Service Medal
1930:Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal
1873:American Defense Service Medal
1570:
1306:Duke University Medical Center
1178:
913:the privilege of officers and
631:in June 1952, he attended the
478:Naval Academy and World War II
1:
2827:
2438:Commander Grand Cross of the
2178:Grade of High Officer of the
2099:Presidential Medal of Freedom
1990:with one bronze service star
1962:Navy Occupation Service Medal
1279:National Marrow Donor Program
863:Number One Observatory Circle
553:, a 1,200-ton Japanese river
3285:. (Dell Publishing Company,
2670:Boy Scouts of America awards
736:Zumwalt's command was not a
600:University of North Carolina
7:
3566:United States Navy admirals
3546:National War College alumni
2841:Contemporary Authors Online
2792:
2548:Philippine Liberation Medal
2212:Order of the Southern Cross
2125:(Naval Merit), (Argentina)
1359:United States Naval Academy
1242:In an article published in
915:chief petty officers (CPOs)
660:United States Pacific Fleet
656:United States Seventh Fleet
484:United States Naval Academy
10:
3687:
3536:Chiefs of Naval Operations
3506:Writers from San Francisco
2845:Farmington Hills, Michigan
2769:Father of the Nuclear Navy
2563:United Nations Korea Medal
2457:, First Class (Venezuela)
2328:, First Class (Indonesia)
1948:World War II Victory Medal
1286:Arlington County, Virginia
1036:and disbursing facilities.
712:
3469:
3444:
3436:
3431:
3421:
3415:Chief of Naval Operations
3412:
3404:
3399:
2470:National Order of Vietnam
1495:Rear Admiral (upper half)
1490:Rear Admiral (lower half)
1323:The United States Navy's
1094:Bureau of Naval Personnel
793:Chief of Naval Operations
777:Randall "Duke" Cunningham
760:Chief of Naval Operations
641:Bureau of Naval Personnel
615:Charleston Naval Shipyard
424:San Francisco, California
396:Chief of Naval Operations
320:
279:
246:
206:Chief of Naval Operations
198:
155:
145:
137:
117:
99:
87:
70:
64:San Francisco, California
50:
42:
30:
23:
3551:Naval War College alumni
3432:Party political offices
3350:2 September 2006 at the
3061:My Father, My Son (1988)
2774:Zumwalt was a member of
2710:This article contains a
2592:Korean War Service Medal
2440:Royal Order of the Sword
1377:Lieutenant, Junior Grade
1328:guided missile destroyer
911:1st class petty officers
791:nominated Zumwalt to be
510:Zumwalt was assigned to
455:Tulare Union High School
418:Early life and education
354:Mouza Coutelais-du-Roche
3254:Tidskrift i sjöväsendet
3045:(subscription required)
2858:"James Gregory Zumwalt"
2373:Order of Military Merit
2358:Order of the Rising Sun
2261:, (Dominican Republic)
1891:American Campaign Medal
1819:Navy Commendation Medal
837:guided missile frigates
678:Bath (Maine) Iron Works
573:Zumwalt next served as
308:Navy Commendation Medal
2927:Barbara Bush: A Memoir
2882:Berman, Larry (2012).
2663:(Republic of Vietnam)
2579:(Republic of Vietnam)
2577:Vietnam Campaign Medal
2404:Order of Orange-Nassau
1834:Navy Unit Commendation
1697:Awards and decorations
1310:Durham, North Carolina
1301:
1255:
784:
667:guided missile frigate
467:Long Beach, California
461:, where he became the
434:. His family moved to
81:Durham, North Carolina
37:Zumwalt in August 1970
3425:James L. Holloway III
2905:Berman, Zumwalt, 433.
2402:Grand Officer of the
2241:Grand Officer of the
2194:Grand Officer of the
2061:Vietnam Service Medal
1766:with gold award star
1299:
1253:convinced that it is.
1250:
1145:Secretary of the Navy
808:Destroyer Squadron 26
770:Secretary of the Navy
767:
754:Mobile Riverine Force
694:Secretary of the Navy
637:Newport, Rhode Island
540:, October 25, 1944".
538:Battle for Leyte Gulf
451:Boy Scouts of America
445:and recipient of the
408:unsuccessful campaign
138:Years of service
2914:Berman, Zumwalt, 171
2896:Berman, Zumwalt, 154
2633:(Republic of Korea)
2594:(Republic of Korea)
2455:Order of Naval Merit
2356:Grand Cordon of the
2196:Order of Naval Merit
2180:Order of Naval Merit
2084:U.S. civilian awards
2021:Korean Service Medal
1385:Lieutenant Commander
1318:Naval Academy Chapel
1214:Milwaukee, Wisconsin
1202:United States Senate
1045:lieutenant commander
723:Naval Forces Vietnam
698:Secretary of Defense
686:National War College
422:Zumwalt was born in
412:United States Senate
342: 1942;
259:Battle of Leyte Gulf
211:Naval Forces Vietnam
2988:on January 23, 2016
2763:In his first book,
2742:War Remnants Museum
2601:Foreign unit awards
2422:Grand Cross of the
2340:Grand Cross of the
2309:Grand Cross of the
2210:Grand Cross of the
2121:Grand Cross of the
1848:China Service Medal
1269:as the admiral and
1261:to create the book
1074:officer of the deck
849:Oliver Hazard Perry
831:Oliver Hazard Perry
643:, Navy Department,
569:Command assignments
488:Annapolis, Maryland
432:Burlington, Vermont
3516:Virginia Democrats
3297:On Watch: a memoir
3197:"Prominent Alumni"
3042:. August 14, 1988.
3039:The New York Times
2754:Warren Christopher
1964:with "ASIA" clasp
1821:with Valor device
1302:
1245:The New York Times
1220:Zumwalt-Weathers.
1200:candidate for the
1186:On Watch: a Memoir
941:naval air stations
785:
783:, and CNO Zumwalt.
627:Detached from USS
459:Tulare, California
436:Tulare, California
392:United States Navy
132:United States Navy
3479:
3478:
3470:Succeeded by
3422:Succeeded by
3400:Military offices
3279:My Father, My Son
3064:Linked 2014-09-07
2924:Bush, B. (2010).
2776:Sigma Phi Epsilon
2737:
2736:
2690:
2689:
2667:
2666:
2598:
2597:
2410:), (Netherlands)
2311:Order of George I
2273:Commander of the
2137:Commander of the
2104:
2103:
2081:
2080:
1568:
1567:
1484:
1483:
1477:February 1, 1955
1263:My Father, My Son
1233:Hodgkin's disease
1210:Harry F. Byrd Jr.
1061:Naval War College
871:Harry F. Byrd Jr.
633:Naval War College
577:of the destroyer
575:executive officer
530:Bronze Star Medal
377:
376:
299:Bronze Star Medal
61:November 29, 1920
3678:
3437:Preceded by
3408:Thomas H. Moorer
3405:Preceded by
3397:
3396:
3384:
3382:
3380:
3341:
3339:
3337:
3266:
3265:
3251:
3243:
3237:
3236:
3234:
3232:
3218:
3212:
3211:
3209:
3207:
3193:
3187:
3186:
3184:
3182:
3173:. Archived from
3167:
3161:
3160:
3158:
3156:
3136:
3130:
3129:
3127:
3125:
3105:
3099:
3098:
3096:
3094:
3074:
3065:
3056:
3047:
3046:
3043:
3030:
3017:
3016:
3004:
2998:
2997:
2995:
2993:
2984:. Archived from
2978:
2972:
2971:
2969:
2967:
2958:. Archived from
2948:
2942:
2941:
2921:
2915:
2912:
2906:
2903:
2897:
2894:
2888:
2887:
2886:. HarperCollins.
2879:
2873:
2872:
2870:
2868:
2854:
2848:
2838:
2823:
2821:Biography portal
2818:
2817:
2816:
2809:
2804:
2803:
2802:
2732:
2729:
2723:
2705:
2704:
2697:
2681:
2674:
2673:
2657:
2642:
2627:
2612:
2605:
2604:
2588:
2573:
2559:
2542:
2536:
2529:
2511:
2496:
2481:
2466:
2451:
2435:
2419:
2399:
2384:
2369:
2353:
2337:
2326:Bintang Jalasena
2322:
2306:
2290:
2275:Legion of Honour
2270:
2254:
2238:
2223:
2207:
2191:
2173:
2167:
2160:
2153:
2139:Order of Léopold
2134:
2118:
2111:
2110:
2095:
2088:
2087:
2072:
2055:
2049:
2042:
2035:
2015:
2009:
2002:
1982:
1976:
1958:
1944:
1924:
1918:
1911:
1904:
1887:
1867:
1861:
1844:
1830:
1813:
1807:
1784:
1778:
1758:
1752:
1729:
1723:
1716:
1706:
1705:
1652:Arnold J. Isbell
1561:October 1, 1968
1550:
1543:
1536:
1529:
1486:
1485:
1460:
1453:
1446:
1439:
1432:
1425:
1368:
1367:
1357:
1292:Death and legacy
1107:brown-water navy
1081:prisoners of war
847:were built. The
819:Sea Control Ship
781:William Driscoll
731:Creighton Abrams
708:Flag assignments
651:Arnold J. Isbell
645:Washington, D.C.
368:
366:
347:
345:
341:
229:Arnold J. Isbell
130:
128:
127:
119:
110:
108:
107:
77:
60:
58:
35:
21:
20:
3686:
3685:
3681:
3680:
3679:
3677:
3676:
3675:
3481:
3480:
3475:
3464:
3457:
3442:
3440:George Rawlings
3427:
3418:
3410:
3378:
3376:
3371:
3352:Wayback Machine
3335:
3333:
3325:
3322:
3275:
3273:Further reading
3270:
3269:
3249:
3245:
3244:
3240:
3230:
3228:
3220:
3219:
3215:
3205:
3203:
3195:
3194:
3190:
3180:
3178:
3177:on May 16, 2006
3169:
3168:
3164:
3154:
3152:
3137:
3133:
3123:
3121:
3106:
3102:
3092:
3090:
3075:
3068:
3057:
3050:
3044:
3032:
3031:
3020:
3005:
3001:
2991:
2989:
2980:
2979:
2975:
2965:
2963:
2962:on June 2, 2023
2950:
2949:
2945:
2938:
2922:
2918:
2913:
2909:
2904:
2900:
2895:
2891:
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2876:
2866:
2864:
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2855:
2851:
2839:
2835:
2830:
2819:
2814:
2812:
2805:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2750:Robert McNamara
2733:
2727:
2724:
2717:
2706:
2702:
2695:
2672:
2603:
2544:
2543:
2537:
2530:
2515:Chuong My Medal
2175:
2174:
2168:
2161:
2154:
2109:
2086:
2057:
2056:
2050:
2043:
2036:
2017:
2016:
2010:
2003:
1984:
1983:
1977:
1926:
1925:
1919:
1912:
1905:
1869:
1868:
1862:
1815:
1814:
1808:
1786:
1785:
1779:
1764:Legion of Merit
1760:
1759:
1753:
1731:
1730:
1724:
1717:
1704:
1699:
1573:
1350:
1294:
1271:Keith Carradine
1181:
1176:
1175:
974:executive order
893:
892:List of Z-grams
882:
880:List of Z-grams
762:
715:
710:
702:Legion of Merit
676:, built at the
571:
547:officer of the
480:
475:
420:
373:
370:
362:
358:
355:
349:
346: 1944)
337:
333:
330:
316:
293:Legion of Merit
275:
242:
194:
125:
123:
105:
103:
95:
79:
75:
74:January 2, 2000
62:
56:
54:
38:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3684:
3674:
3673:
3668:
3663:
3658:
3653:
3648:
3643:
3638:
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3628:
3623:
3618:
3613:
3608:
3603:
3598:
3593:
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3583:
3578:
3573:
3568:
3563:
3558:
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3503:
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3471:
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3411:
3406:
3402:
3401:
3395:
3394:
3385:
3369:
3364:
3359:
3354:
3342:
3327:"Elmo Zumwalt"
3321:
3320:External links
3318:
3317:
3316:
3308:
3294:
3274:
3271:
3268:
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2307:
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2298:
2295:Order of Merit
2291:
2283:
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2271:
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2255:
2247:
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2245:, (Colombia)
2239:
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2227:Order of Merit
2224:
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1934:campaign stars
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1656:
1654: (DD-869)
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1640:
1630:
1628: (DE-748)
1620:
1617:
1615: (DD-777)
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1474:April 1, 1950
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1465:June 19, 1942
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867:vice president
815:Hyman Rickover
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97:
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78:(aged 79)
72:
68:
67:
52:
48:
47:
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36:
28:
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3375:. foxnews.com
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3305:0-8129-0520-2
3302:
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3291:0-440-15973-3
3288:
3284:
3283:John Pekkanen
3280:
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2847:: Gale, 2009.
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1638: (BB-64)
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1606:
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1575:
1574:
1564:July 1, 1970
1563:
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1558:July 1, 1965
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1480:July 1, 1961
1479:
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1471:July 1, 1944
1470:
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1348:Dates of rank
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1259:John Pekkanen
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902:
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896:
895:
889:
887:
877:
874:
872:
868:
864:
860:
857:
855:
854:Arleigh Burke
850:
846:
842:
838:
834:
832:
827:
825:
820:
816:
811:
809:
804:
800:
798:
794:
790:
789:Richard Nixon
782:
778:
774:
771:
766:
757:
755:
751:
747:
743:
739:
734:
732:
728:
724:
720:
705:
703:
699:
695:
691:
690:Paul H. Nitze
687:
683:
679:
675:
674:
668:
663:
661:
657:
653:
652:
646:
642:
638:
634:
630:
625:
623:
622:
616:
612:
608:
607:
601:
597:
592:
590:
589:
583:
582:
576:
566:
564:
560:
559:Huangpu River
556:
552:
551:
546:
541:
539:
535:
531:
527:
526:
520:
516:
515:
508:
506:
502:
498:
493:
489:
485:
470:
468:
464:
463:valedictorian
460:
456:
452:
448:
444:
439:
437:
433:
429:
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415:
413:
409:
405:
401:
397:
393:
389:
385:
381:
351:
326:
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304:
300:
297:
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223:
222:
217:
214:
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209:
207:
204:
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191:
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185:
183:
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177:
175:
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169:
167:
166:
161:
160:
158:
154:
151:
148:
144:
140:
136:
133:
122:
116:
113:
112:United States
102:
98:
94:
90:
86:
82:
73:
69:
65:
53:
49:
45:
41:
34:
29:
22:
19:
3451:U.S. Senator
3449:nominee for
3445:
3413:
3377:. Retrieved
3334:. Retrieved
3331:Find a Grave
3310:
3296:
3278:
3253:
3241:
3229:. Retrieved
3225:
3216:
3204:. Retrieved
3200:
3191:
3179:. Retrieved
3175:the original
3165:
3153:. Retrieved
3144:
3134:
3122:. Retrieved
3113:
3103:
3091:. Retrieved
3082:
3060:
3037:
3012:
3008:
3002:
2990:. Retrieved
2986:the original
2976:
2964:. Retrieved
2960:the original
2955:
2946:
2930:. Scribner.
2926:
2919:
2910:
2901:
2892:
2883:
2877:
2867:February 16,
2865:. Retrieved
2861:
2852:
2840:
2836:
2764:
2725:
2711:
2517:, 1st Class
2442:, (Sweden)
2407:
2297:, (Germany)
2182:, (Bolivia)
2141:, (Belgium)
2123:Order of May
1875:with bronze
1794:Valor device
1667:
1651:
1635:
1625:
1612:
1602:
1592:
1579:
1500:Vice Admiral
1468:May 1, 1943
1339:
1333:
1322:
1314:mesothelioma
1303:
1283:
1275:
1262:
1256:
1251:
1243:
1241:
1237:Agent Orange
1222:
1218:
1191:
1184:
1182:
1034:dispensaries
883:
875:
853:
848:
840:
830:
823:
812:
805:
801:
786:
735:
719:rear admiral
716:
681:
672:
664:
650:
628:
626:
620:
610:
605:
598:unit of the
593:
587:
580:
572:
549:
542:
534:Valor device
524:
518:
513:
509:
507:University.
497:commissioned
481:
473:Naval career
441:Zumwalt, an
440:
421:
387:
383:
380:Elmo Russell
379:
378:
312:Valor device
303:Valor device
254:World War II
247:Battles/wars
236:
228:
220:
188:
180:
172:
164:
76:(2000-01-02)
25:Elmo Zumwalt
18:
3496:2000 deaths
3491:1920 births
3388:Appearances
3181:February 9,
3009:Proceedings
2426:, (Norway)
2408:with Swords
2313:, (Greece)
2214:, (Brazil)
2198:, (Brazil)
1790:Bronze Star
1739:award stars
1571:Assignments
1555:Never Held
1381:Lieutenant
1267:Karl Malden
1179:Later years
960:allotments.
886:Vietnam War
773:John Warner
746:Swift Boats
742:brown-water
453:, attended
443:Eagle Scout
404:Vietnam War
388:Zumwalt Jr.
271:Vietnam War
43:Nickname(s)
3485:Categories
3473:Dick Davis
3447:Democratic
3419:1970–1974
2862:Legacy.com
2828:References
2746:John Kerry
2360:, (Japan)
2344:, (Italy)
2229:, (Chile)
1877:"A" Device
1362:Midshipman
1225:lieutenant
1198:Democratic
859:destroyers
845:hydrofoils
787:President
750:John Kerry
738:blue-water
545:prize crew
505:Texas Tech
492:midshipman
486:(USNA) at
329:Jane Carey
266:Korean War
100:Allegiance
57:1920-11-29
2992:April 12,
2966:March 13,
2758:relations
2728:July 2022
1666:USS
1650:USS
1636:Wisconsin
1634:USS
1624:USS
1611:USS
1601:USS
1591:USS
1578:USS
1390:Commander
1332:USS
1041:commander
956:officers.
929:location.
671:USS
649:USS
629:Wisconsin
621:Wisconsin
619:USS
604:USS
586:USS
579:USS
523:USS
512:USS
449:from the
321:Spouse(s)
235:USS
227:USS
219:USS
187:USS
179:USS
171:USS
163:USS
141:1942–1974
3455:Virginia
3379:July 12,
3348:Archived
3336:July 13,
3231:June 17,
3206:June 17,
3155:July 17,
3149:Archived
3124:July 17,
3118:Archived
3093:July 17,
3087:Archived
2793:See also
2779:chapter.
2765:On Watch
2720:relocate
1593:Robinson
1229:lymphoma
1206:Virginia
1192:Also in
1172:housing.
925:periods.
563:Shanghai
525:Robinson
410:for the
398:. As an
199:Commands
173:Robinson
118:Service/
3460:Class 1
3262:8258455
2718:Please
1613:Zellars
1603:Saufley
1505:Admiral
1395:Captain
1334:Zumwalt
1312:, from
933:orders.
919:liberty
843:-class
841:Pegasus
824:Pegasus
713:Vietnam
588:Zellars
581:Saufley
555:gunboat
490:. As a
400:admiral
369:
361:
357:
348:
336:
332:
189:Zellars
181:Saufley
150:Admiral
3392:C-SPAN
3303:
3289:
3260:
3258:SELIBR
3059:IMDb:
2934:
2279:France
1580:Phelps
1372:Ensign
1109:boats.
856:-class
833:-class
519:Phelps
514:Phelps
501:ensign
499:as an
428:Jewish
280:Awards
165:Phelps
129:
120:branch
109:
88:Buried
3453:from
3250:(PDF)
3226:SigEp
3201:SigEp
1792:with
1668:Dewey
1626:Tills
1520:O-10
1325:DD(X)
1204:from
826:class
682:Dewey
673:Dewey
611:Tills
606:Tills
550:Ataka
532:with
363:(
359:
338:(
334:
310:with
301:with
237:Tills
221:Dewey
46:"Bud"
3466:1976
3381:2014
3338:2008
3301:ISBN
3287:ISBN
3233:2024
3208:2024
3183:2016
3157:2021
3126:2021
3095:2021
2994:2016
2968:2024
2956:NHHC
2932:ISBN
2869:2019
1517:O-9
1514:O-8
1511:O-7
1416:O-6
1413:O-5
1410:O-4
1407:O-3
1404:O-2
1401:O-1
1194:1976
768:L-R
344:div.
156:Unit
146:Rank
83:, US
71:Died
66:, US
51:Born
3390:on
2277:, (
1308:in
1043:to
835:of
561:to
457:in
384:Bud
295:(2)
289:(3)
3487::
3462:)
3329:.
3252:.
3224:.
3199:.
3147:.
3143:.
3116:.
3112:.
3085:.
3081:.
3069:^
3051:^
3036:.
3021:^
3013:97
3011:.
2954:.
2860:.
2752:,
2748:,
2281:)
1288:.
1216:.
888:.
779:,
775:,
756:.
704:.
692:,
669:,
635:,
469:.
414:.
386:"
365:m.
340:m.
3458:(
3383:.
3340:.
3307:)
3293:)
3264:.
3235:.
3210:.
3185:.
3159:.
3128:.
3097:.
2996:.
2970:.
2940:.
2871:.
2730:)
2726:(
2715:.
2406:(
1147:.
1083:.
1047:.
1023:.
921:.
382:"
59:)
55:(
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