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EXT2 (gene)

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EXT family genes, although not to the same extent. This increases the likelihood that a cartilage cell will be placed incorrectly, as heparan sulfate is a bone and cartilage tumor suppressor. Since bone has a very specific structure, misplacing a cartilage cell in early growth is comparable to misplacement of a brick early on in construction of a wall. Misplacement in cartilage will result in cartilage tumor or tumors at the growth plates of long bones. This condition is known as hereditary multiple exostoses (HME) or hereditary multiple osteochondromas (HMO). HME can also be the result of a mutation to the EXT1 gene or other EXT family genes. EXT1 mutations tend to be more severe with more exostoses and are the cause of 56-78% of human HME cases, except for in China where mutations of the EXT2 gene are more common. HME effects 1 in 50,000 people and is more commonly seen in males in a 1.5:1 ratio.
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Mutations that change the amino acid sequence of the exostosin glycosyltransferase-2 protein can lead to it becoming unfunctional. When this protein is unfunctional it causes the heparan sulfate chains to become shorter. The chains are still formed and extended by the other proteins encoded by the
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form, this means that they have one EXT2 gene that is normal and one that is mutated. For the inheritance of this gene mutation, for a mutated parent and a not mutated parent there is a 50% chance that the offspring will also have an EXT2 mutation. For two parents with the EXT2 mutation, of their
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of long bones and is placed in a specific pattern before it is later ossified into bone when it grows further away from the growth plate. New cartilage in a growing bone is placed through signaling proteins which bind to the heparan sulfate chains. EXT2 (protein) has also been shown to
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stage of development. Reasons for why this happens is that heparan sulfate has more roles than just bone formation, it also plays a role in embryonic development. Heparan sulfate can bind signaling molecules used in development such as
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form. This means that if the mutated gene is inherited from both parents giving the offspring two copies of the mutated gene (the homozygous form of the mutant gene) this will result in early embryonic death in the
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Wu YQ, Heutink P, de Vries BB, Sandkuijl LA, van den Ouweland AM, Niermeijer MF, et al. (January 1994). "Assignment of a second locus for multiple exostoses to the pericentromeric region of chromosome 11".
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Bernard MA, Hall CE, Hogue DA, Cole WG, Scott A, Snuggs MB, et al. (February 2001). "Diminished levels of the putative tumor suppressor proteins EXT1 and EXT2 in exostosis chondrocytes".
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present in the extracellular matrix of most tissue types. There is a lot about its function that is not entirely understood, however it is known that they have an important role for bone and
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Kobayashi S, Morimoto K, Shimizu T, Takahashi M, Kurosawa H, Shirasawa T (February 2000). "Association of EXT1 and EXT2, hereditary multiple exostoses gene products, in Golgi apparatus".
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McCormick C, Leduc Y, Martindale D, Mattison K, Esford LE, Dyer AP, Tufaro F (June 1998). "The putative tumour suppressor EXT1 alters the expression of cell-surface heparan sulfate".
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Stickens D, Clines G, Burbee D, Ramos P, Thomas S, Hogue D, et al. (September 1996). "The EXT2 multiple exostoses gene defines a family of putative tumour suppressor genes".
1356:"Clonal karyotypic abnormalities of the hereditary multiple exostoses chromosomal loci 8q24.1 (EXT1) and 11p11-12 (EXT2) in patients with sporadic and hereditary osteochondromas" 2693: 2688: 1115:
The EXT2 gene is located on chromosome 11 in the human genome, its location is on the p arm of this chromosome. The p arm of a chromosome is the shorter arm of a chromosome.
3267: 3066: 2942: 2733: 2341:"The putative tumor suppressors EXT1 and EXT2 form a stable complex that accumulates in the Golgi apparatus and catalyzes the synthesis of heparan sulfate" 783: 764: 77: 3210: 3115: 3047: 2564: 3260: 1300: 1282: 3224: 1372: 1355: 3194: 2434: 1908: 1023: 2869: 2864: 2275:
Xu L, Xia J, Jiang H, Zhou J, Li H, Wang D, et al. (1999). "Mutation analysis of hereditary multiple exostoses in the Chinese".
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Shi YR, Wu JY, Tsai FJ, Lee CC, Tsai CH (April 2000). "An R223P mutation in EXT2 gene causes hereditary multiple exostoses".
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This gene was found to be present in many species other than humans such as mice, chickens, dogs, cows and many more. Other
2041:"The structure of the human multiple exostoses 2 gene and characterization of homologs in mouse and Caenorhabditis elegans" 1652:
Simmons, Andrew D.; Musy, Maurice M.; Lopes, Carla S.; Hwang, Larn-Yuan; Yang, Ya-Ping; Lovett, Michael (1 November 1999).
1244: 1139:. The proteins formed by these genes work together to form and extend heparan sulfate chains. Heparan sulfate chains are 2207:"The putative tumor suppressors EXT1 and EXT2 are glycosyltransferases required for the biosynthesis of heparan sulfate" 2557: 3110: 241: 3120: 2306:"A direct interaction between EXT proteins and glycosyltransferases is defective in hereditary multiple exostoses" 1654:"A Direct Interaction Between EXT Proteins and Glycosyltransferases is Defective in Hereditary Multiple Exostoses" 1564:"A direct interaction between EXT proteins and glycosyltransferases is defective in hereditary multiple exostoses" 3442: 3319: 3141: 1269: 1248: 218: 1212: 3245: 3125: 828: 3432: 2550: 1104: 140: 115: 809: 2660: 1515:"Heparan sulfate in skeletal development, growth, and pathology: the case of hereditary multiple exostoses" 57: 1895:
Wuyts W, Van Hul W (2000). "Molecular basis of multiple exostoses: mutations in the EXT1 and EXT2 genes".
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Wuyts W, Ramlakhan S, Van Hul W, Hecht JT, van den Ouweland AM, Raskind WH, et al. (August 1995).
254: 153: 3469: 3102: 2650: 2242:"Germline mutations in the EXT1 and EXT2 genes in Korean patients with hereditary multiple exostoses" 2125:
Wuyts W, Van Hul W, De Boulle K, Hendrickx J, Bakker E, Vanhoenacker F, et al. (February 1998).
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Wuyts W, Van Hul W, Wauters J, Nemtsova M, Reyniers E, Van Hul EV, et al. (October 1996).
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glucuronosyl-N-acetylglucosaminyl-proteoglycan 4-alpha-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity
2542: 2084:"Mutation screening of the EXT1 and EXT2 genes in patients with hereditary multiple exostoses" 1726:
Busse M, Feta A, Presto J, Wilén M, Grønning M, Kjellén L, Kusche-Gullberg M (November 2007).
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Busse M, Feta A, Presto J, Wilén M, Grønning M, Kjellén L, Kusche-Gullberg M (November 2007).
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Huegel J, Sgariglia F, Enomoto-Iwamoto M, Koyama E, Dormans JP, Pacifici M (September 2013).
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heparan sulfate proteoglycan biosynthetic process, polysaccharide chain biosynthetic process
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This gene encodes one of two glycosyltransferases involved in the chain elongation step of
85: 8: 3410: 3353: 3019: 2934: 2832: 2605: 2577: 2460:"EXT genes are differentially expressed in bone and cartilage during mouse embryogenesis" 2356: 3474: 3437: 3324: 3172: 2856: 2594: 2489: 2446: 2193: 2151: 2126: 2108: 2083: 1992: 1950: 1934:"Refinement of the multiple exostoses locus (EXT2) to a 3-cM interval on chromosome 11" 1933: 1920: 1868: 1843: 1819: 1794: 1539: 1514: 1385: 89: 2065: 2040: 698: 693: 688: 683: 678: 673: 668: 663: 658: 642: 637: 632: 627: 622: 617: 612: 607: 591: 586: 581: 576: 571: 566: 561: 556: 551: 546: 541: 3520: 3373: 3300: 3214: 2640: 2518: 2481: 2438: 2409: 2380: 2375: 2340: 2327: 2292: 2263: 2228: 2185: 2156: 2113: 2082:
Philippe C, Porter DE, Emerton ME, Wells DE, Simpson AH, Monaco AP (September 1997).
2070: 2027: 1984: 1955: 1912: 1873: 1824: 1749: 1683: 1675: 1634: 1626: 1585: 1544: 1495: 1377: 1336: 37: 2493: 2450: 2197: 1996: 1924: 1389: 3452: 3329: 3052: 3039: 2683: 2633: 2510: 2471: 2430: 2401: 2370: 2360: 2317: 2284: 2253: 2218: 2177: 2146: 2138: 2103: 2095: 2060: 2052: 2017: 1976: 1945: 1904: 1863: 1855: 1814: 1806: 1795:"Novel mutation of EXT2 identified in a large family with multiple osteochondromas" 1739: 1665: 1616: 1575: 1534: 1526: 1485: 1421:"EXT2 exostosin glycosyltransferase 2 [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene - NCBI" 1367: 1328: 334: 265: 209: 164: 69: 3464: 3387: 3383: 3336: 3071: 1621: 1604: 1100: 309: 93: 3275: 1305:
National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine
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National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine
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Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
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10.1002/(SICI)1097-0142(19980501)82:9<1657::AID-CNCR10>3.0.CO;2-3
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Simmons AD, Musy MM, Lopes CS, Hwang LY, Yang YP, Lovett M (November 1999).
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Simmons AD, Musy MM, Lopes CS, Hwang LY, Yang YP, Lovett M (November 1999).
470: 348: 3414: 3287: 2522: 2485: 2442: 2413: 2405: 2384: 2331: 2296: 2267: 1916: 1877: 1828: 1753: 1744: 1728:"Contribution of EXT1, EXT2, and EXTL3 to heparan sulfate chain elongation" 1727: 1687: 1638: 1603:
Bakthisaran, Raman; Tangirala, Ramakrishna; Rao, Ch. Mohan (1 April 2015).
1589: 1548: 1499: 1490: 1474:"Contribution of EXT1, EXT2, and EXTL3 to heparan sulfate chain elongation" 1473: 1220: 1216: 327: 106: 2435:
10.1002/(SICI)1098-1004(200004)15:4<390::AID-HUMU35>3.0.CO;2-E
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10.1002/(SICI)1098-1004(200003)15:3<220::AID-HUMU2>3.0.CO;2-K
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N-acetylglucosaminyl-proteoglycan 4-beta-glucuronosyltransferase activity
2006:"Positional cloning of a gene involved in hereditary multiple exostoses" 3278: 2477:
10.1002/1097-0177(200007)218:3<452::AID-DVDY1000>3.0.CO;2-P
2127:"Mutations in the EXT1 and EXT2 genes in hereditary multiple exostoses" 2056: 1530: 1202: 226: 123: 73: 2240:
Park KJ, Shin KH, Ku JL, Cho TJ, Lee SH, Choi IH, et al. (1999).
1980: 1859: 1605:"Small heat shock proteins: Role in cellular functions and pathology" 1198: 1169: 1144: 728: 293: 280: 192: 179: 81: 2515:
10.1002/1097-0169(200102)48:2<149::AID-CM1005>3.0.CO;2-3
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Lind T, Tufaro F, McCormick C, Lindahl U, Lidholt K (October 1998).
1512: 2537: 2142: 2099: 1844:"Mice deficient in Ext2 lack heparan sulfate and develop exostoses" 1768:"Osteochondroma : Bone Tumor Cancer : Tumors of the bone" 1207: 1054: 3234: 3092: 2825: 2820: 2815: 2810: 2805: 2773: 2697: 2391: 1086: 840: 795: 713: 709: 2181: 2167: 1842:
Stickens D, Zak BM, Rougier N, Esko JD, Werb Z (November 2005).
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Glycoprotein-N-acetylgalactosamine 3-beta-galactosyltransferase
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B-N-acetylglucosaminyl-glycopeptide b-1,4-galactosyltransferase
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biosynthesis. Mutations in this gene cause the type II form of
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Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Proteins and Proteomics
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Bridge JA, Nelson M, Orndal C, Bhatia P, Neff JR (May 1998).
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McCormick C, Duncan G, Goutsos KT, Tufaro F (January 2000).
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Chen XJ, Zhang H, Tan ZP, Hu W, Yang YF (November 2016).
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heparan sulfate N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity
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Dolichyl-phosphate-mannose-protein mannosyltransferase
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Clines GA, Ashley JA, Shah S, Lovett M (April 1997).
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living offspring 2 out of 3 will have the mutation.
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Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications
2457: 1261: 1259: 1257: 1240: 1238: 1236: 2538:Multiple Hereditary Exostoses Research Foundation 679:heparan sulfate proteoglycan biosynthetic process 264: 163: 3557: 1774:. (3) Sarcoma Surgeon and Orthopedic Oncologist 1254: 1233: 16:Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens 3116:Hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase 2274: 1792: 1266:GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000027198 3540: 3382: 3261: 2558: 2239: 48:, SOTV, SSMS, exostosin glycosyltransferase 2 3225:Beta-galactoside alpha-2,6-sialyltransferase 2420: 1894: 1555: 1192: 694:cellular polysaccharide biosynthetic process 3195:Indolylacetylinositol arabinosyltransferase 2458:Stickens D, Brown D, Evans GA (July 2000). 1245:GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000151348 628:UDP-N-acetylglucosamine transferase complex 3547: 3533: 3268: 3254: 2565: 2551: 1407:"Entrez Gene: EXT2 exostoses (multiple) 2" 1347: 1311: 2475: 2374: 2364: 2321: 2257: 2222: 2150: 2107: 2064: 2021: 1949: 1867: 1818: 1743: 1669: 1620: 1579: 1538: 1489: 1371: 1401: 1399: 1163: 1147:formation. Cartilage is located at the 3558: 3230:Monosialoganglioside sialyltransferase 3067:NAD(P):arginine ADP-ribosyltransferase 3048:NAD:diphthamide ADP-ribosyltransferase 1201:(not sex-linked) and is lethal in the 689:glycosaminoglycan biosynthetic process 552:acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity 3249: 3029: 2546: 1396: 1123:Included in the EXT family are EXT2, 269: 230: 225: 168: 127: 122: 3495: 2211:The Journal of Biological Chemistry 1732:The Journal of Biological Chemistry 1478:The Journal of Biological Chemistry 1413: 1105:Hereditary Multiple Exostoses (HME) 587:protein heterodimerization activity 13: 2503:Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 2131:American Journal of Human Genetics 2088:American Journal of Human Genetics 1938:American Journal of Human Genetics 1887: 14: 3582: 3111:Adenine phosphoribosyltransferase 2531: 1197:EXT2 gene mutations are dominant 1089:that in humans is encoded by the 557:protein homodimerization activity 3499: 3121:Uracil phosphoribosyltransferase 1110: 572:glucuronosyltransferase activity 498: 491: 253: 246: 240: 217: 152: 145: 139: 114: 3443:N-acetylglucosamine-6-sulfatase 3142:Purine nucleoside phosphorylase 1835: 1786: 1760: 1719: 1694: 1645: 1596: 1506: 1465: 1118: 1083:Exostosin glycosyltransferase-2 3571:Human chromosome 11 gene stubs 3126:Amidophosphoribosyltransferase 1439: 1293: 1275: 613:endoplasmic reticulum membrane 608:integral component of membrane 509:More reference expression data 471:More reference expression data 1: 3433:Alpha-N-acetylglucosaminidase 1227: 433:vestibular sensory epithelium 238: 137: 3566:Genes on human chromosome 11 3519:. You can help Knowledge by 3320:UDP-glucuronate 5'-epimerase 2661:Ceramide glucosyltransferase 1622:10.1016/j.bbapap.2014.12.019 1453:. NIH US Library of Medicine 1213:transforming growth factor β 1183: 562:glycosyltransferase activity 7: 359:stromal cell of endometrium 10: 3587: 3494: 3086:Poly ADP ribose polymerase 1799:Molecular Medicine Reports 1172:have been found including 3470:Galactosamine-6 sulfatase 3451: 3409: 3372: 3299: 3209: 3165: 3134: 3103:Phosphoribosyltransferase 3101: 3038: 3014: 2933: 2855: 2707: 2674: 2604: 2589: 2246:Journal of Human Genetics 1301:"Mouse PubMed Reference:" 1283:"Human PubMed Reference:" 1193:Heredity of the EXT2 Gene 1069: 1064: 1060: 1053: 1037: 1018: 995: 991: 966: 962: 955: 932: 928: 895: 891: 884: 871: 867: 852: 848: 839: 826: 822: 807: 803: 794: 781: 777: 762: 758: 749: 734: 727: 723: 707: 527: 523: 506: 490: 481: 468: 417: 408: 395:Descending thoracic aorta 355: 346: 316: 308: 304: 287: 274: 237: 216: 207: 203: 186: 173: 136: 113: 104: 100: 55: 52: 42: 35: 30: 26: 21: 2656:1,3-Beta-glucan synthase 2310:Human Molecular Genetics 2224:10.1074/jbc.273.41.26265 2010:Human Molecular Genetics 1658:Human Molecular Genetics 1568:Human Molecular Genetics 1321:Human Molecular Genetics 3315:L-gulonolactone oxidase 3283:carbohydrate metabolism 3146:Thymidine phosphorylase 1451:Genetics Home Reference 1174:Drosophila melanogaster 1031:Chr 2: 93.49 – 93.65 Mb 1024:Chr 11: 44.1 – 44.25 Mb 3040:ADP-ribosyltransferase 2464:Developmental Dynamics 2406:10.1006/bbrc.2000.2219 1745:10.1074/jbc.M703560200 1519:Developmental Dynamics 1491:10.1074/jbc.M703560200 1178:Caenorhabditis elegans 3396:Iduronate-2-sulfatase 3190:Arabinosyltransferase 2666:N-glycosyltransferase 2366:10.1073/pnas.97.2.668 2323:10.1093/hmg/8.12.2155 2289:10.1007/s004390051062 2259:10.1007/s100380050149 2023:10.1093/hmg/5.10.1547 1811:10.3892/mmr.2016.5814 1671:10.1093/hmg/8.12.2155 1581:10.1093/hmg/8.12.2155 684:protein glycosylation 638:extracellular exosome 633:endoplasmic reticulum 387:right coronary artery 130:Chromosome 11 (human) 3310:L-xylulose reductase 3058:Pseudomonas exotoxin 2578:glycosyltransferases 1772:www.tumorsurgery.org 1425:www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov 1164:Species Distribution 664:cell differentiation 542:transferase activity 367:smooth muscle tissue 271:2 E1|2 51.62 cM 232:Chromosome 2 (mouse) 3428:N-acetyltransferase 3423:Heparan sulfamidase 3354:Chondroitin sulfate 2833:Hyaluronan synthase 2357:2000PNAS...97..668M 1333:10.1093/hmg/3.1.167 1215:, Fgf proteins and 699:signal transduction 375:islet of Langerhans 3507:This article on a 3475:Beta-galactosidase 3325:Xylosyltransferase 3173:Xylosyltransferase 2646:Debranching enzyme 2057:10.1101/gr.7.4.359 1531:10.1002/dvdy.24010 829:ENSMUSG00000027198 674:mesoderm formation 652:Biological process 601:Cellular component 535:Molecular function 3528: 3527: 3492: 3491: 3488: 3487: 3374:glycosaminoglycan 3301:glycosaminoglycan 3243: 3242: 3205: 3204: 3161: 3160: 3010: 3009: 2641:Glycogen synthase 1981:10.1038/ng0996-25 1860:10.1242/dev.02088 1664:(12): 2155–2164. 1080: 1079: 1076: 1075: 1049: 1048: 1014: 1013: 985: 984: 951: 950: 922: 921: 880: 879: 861: 860: 835: 834: 816: 815: 790: 789: 771: 770: 719: 718: 582:metal ion binding 519: 518: 515: 514: 477: 476: 464: 463: 402: 401: 300: 299: 199: 198: 3578: 3549: 3542: 3535: 3503: 3496: 3380: 3379: 3330:Sulfotransferase 3270: 3263: 3256: 3247: 3246: 3053:Diphtheria toxin 3036: 3035: 3027: 3026: 2684:Lactose synthase 2651:Branching enzyme 2602: 2601: 2567: 2560: 2553: 2544: 2543: 2526: 2497: 2479: 2454: 2417: 2388: 2378: 2368: 2335: 2325: 2300: 2271: 2261: 2236: 2226: 2201: 2164: 2154: 2121: 2111: 2078: 2068: 2035: 2025: 2000: 1963: 1953: 1928: 1882: 1881: 1871: 1839: 1833: 1832: 1822: 1805:(5): 4687–4691. 1790: 1784: 1783: 1781: 1779: 1764: 1758: 1757: 1747: 1738:(45): 32802–10. 1723: 1717: 1716: 1714: 1712: 1702:"EXT2 orthologs" 1698: 1692: 1691: 1673: 1649: 1643: 1642: 1624: 1600: 1594: 1593: 1583: 1559: 1553: 1552: 1542: 1510: 1504: 1503: 1493: 1484:(45): 32802–10. 1469: 1463: 1462: 1460: 1458: 1443: 1437: 1436: 1434: 1432: 1417: 1411: 1410: 1403: 1394: 1393: 1375: 1351: 1345: 1344: 1315: 1309: 1308: 1297: 1291: 1290: 1279: 1273: 1263: 1252: 1242: 1062: 1061: 1033: 1026: 1009: 989: 988: 980: 960: 959: 956:RefSeq (protein) 946: 926: 925: 917: 889: 888: 865: 864: 846: 845: 820: 819: 801: 800: 775: 774: 756: 755: 725: 724: 525: 524: 511: 502: 495: 488: 487: 473: 441:genital tubercle 413: 411:Top expressed in 406: 405: 363:cartilage tissue 351: 349:Top expressed in 344: 343: 323: 322: 306: 305: 296: 283: 272: 257: 250: 244: 233: 221: 205: 204: 195: 182: 171: 156: 149: 143: 132: 118: 102: 101: 96: 94:EXT2 - orthologs 47: 40: 19: 18: 3586: 3585: 3581: 3580: 3579: 3577: 3576: 3575: 3556: 3555: 3554: 3553: 3493: 3484: 3465:Arylsulfatase B 3447: 3405: 3368: 3337:Heparan sulfate 3295: 3274: 3244: 3239: 3216: 3201: 3157: 3130: 3097: 3072:Pertussis toxin 3021: 3006: 2929: 2851: 2703: 2670: 2596: 2585: 2571: 2534: 2529: 2316:(12): 2155–64. 2217:(41): 26265–8. 2170:Nature Genetics 2045:Genome Research 2016:(10): 1547–57. 1969:Nature Genetics 1890: 1888:Further reading 1885: 1854:(22): 5055–68. 1840: 1836: 1791: 1787: 1777: 1775: 1766: 1765: 1761: 1724: 1720: 1710: 1708: 1700: 1699: 1695: 1650: 1646: 1601: 1597: 1574:(12): 2155–64. 1560: 1556: 1511: 1507: 1470: 1466: 1456: 1454: 1445: 1444: 1440: 1430: 1428: 1419: 1418: 1414: 1405: 1404: 1397: 1352: 1348: 1316: 1312: 1299: 1298: 1294: 1281: 1280: 1276: 1264: 1255: 1243: 1234: 1230: 1195: 1186: 1166: 1121: 1113: 1101:heparan sulfate 1071:View/Edit Mouse 1066:View/Edit Human 1029: 1022: 1019:Location (UCSC) 1005: 1001: 997: 976: 972: 968: 942: 938: 934: 913: 909: 905: 901: 897: 810:ENSG00000151348 703: 647: 643:Golgi apparatus 596: 592:protein binding 507: 497: 496: 469: 460: 455: 451: 447: 443: 439: 435: 431: 427: 423: 409: 398: 393: 391:ascending aorta 389: 385: 381: 377: 373: 369: 365: 361: 347: 291: 278: 270: 260: 259: 258: 251: 231: 208:Gene location ( 190: 177: 169: 159: 158: 157: 150: 128: 105:Gene location ( 56: 43: 36: 17: 12: 11: 5: 3584: 3574: 3573: 3568: 3552: 3551: 3544: 3537: 3529: 3526: 3525: 3504: 3490: 3489: 3486: 3485: 3483: 3482: 3472: 3467: 3461: 3459: 3457:Maroteaux-Lamy 3449: 3448: 3446: 3445: 3440: 3435: 3430: 3425: 3419: 3417: 3407: 3406: 3404: 3403: 3398: 3392: 3390: 3377: 3370: 3369: 3367: 3366: 3361: 3356: 3350: 3349: 3344: 3339: 3333: 3332: 3327: 3322: 3317: 3312: 3306: 3304: 3297: 3296: 3294: 3293: 3285: 3273: 3272: 3265: 3258: 3250: 3241: 3240: 3238: 3237: 3232: 3227: 3221: 3219: 3207: 3206: 3203: 3202: 3200: 3199: 3198: 3197: 3187: 3186: 3185: 3180: 3169: 3167: 3163: 3162: 3159: 3158: 3156: 3155: 3154: 3153: 3138: 3136: 3132: 3131: 3129: 3128: 3123: 3118: 3113: 3107: 3105: 3099: 3098: 3096: 3095: 3089: 3088: 3082: 3081: 3080: 3079: 3074: 3063: 3062: 3061: 3060: 3055: 3044: 3042: 3033: 3024: 3012: 3011: 3008: 3007: 3005: 3004: 2999: 2994: 2989: 2984: 2979: 2974: 2968: 2967: 2962: 2957: 2956: 2955: 2950: 2939: 2937: 2931: 2930: 2928: 2927: 2922: 2917: 2912: 2907: 2902: 2897: 2892: 2887: 2882: 2877: 2872: 2867: 2861: 2859: 2853: 2852: 2850: 2849: 2844: 2839: 2829: 2828: 2823: 2818: 2813: 2808: 2803: 2798: 2793: 2788: 2783: 2777: 2776: 2771: 2766: 2761: 2756: 2751: 2746: 2741: 2736: 2730: 2729: 2724: 2719: 2713: 2711: 2705: 2704: 2702: 2701: 2691: 2686: 2680: 2678: 2672: 2671: 2669: 2668: 2663: 2658: 2653: 2648: 2643: 2638: 2637: 2636: 2631: 2626: 2621: 2610: 2608: 2599: 2587: 2586: 2570: 2569: 2562: 2555: 2547: 2541: 2540: 2533: 2532:External links 2530: 2528: 2527: 2498: 2455: 2423:Human Mutation 2418: 2389: 2336: 2301: 2283:(1–2): 45–50. 2277:Human Genetics 2272: 2237: 2202: 2165: 2143:10.1086/301726 2122: 2100:10.1086/515505 2079: 2036: 2001: 1964: 1929: 1897:Human Mutation 1891: 1889: 1886: 1884: 1883: 1834: 1785: 1759: 1718: 1693: 1644: 1615:(4): 291–319. 1595: 1554: 1525:(9): 1021–32. 1505: 1464: 1438: 1412: 1395: 1366:(9): 1657–63. 1346: 1310: 1292: 1274: 1253: 1231: 1229: 1226: 1194: 1191: 1185: 1182: 1165: 1162: 1120: 1117: 1112: 1109: 1078: 1077: 1074: 1073: 1068: 1058: 1057: 1051: 1050: 1047: 1046: 1044: 1042: 1035: 1034: 1027: 1020: 1016: 1015: 1012: 1011: 993: 992: 986: 983: 982: 964: 963: 957: 953: 952: 949: 948: 930: 929: 923: 920: 919: 893: 892: 886: 882: 881: 878: 877: 869: 868: 862: 859: 858: 850: 849: 843: 837: 836: 833: 832: 824: 823: 817: 814: 813: 805: 804: 798: 792: 791: 788: 787: 779: 778: 772: 769: 768: 760: 759: 753: 747: 746: 741: 736: 732: 731: 721: 720: 717: 716: 705: 704: 702: 701: 696: 691: 686: 681: 676: 671: 666: 661: 655: 653: 649: 648: 646: 645: 640: 635: 630: 625: 623:Golgi membrane 620: 615: 610: 604: 602: 598: 597: 595: 594: 589: 584: 579: 574: 569: 564: 559: 554: 549: 544: 538: 536: 532: 531: 521: 520: 517: 516: 513: 512: 504: 503: 485: 479: 478: 475: 474: 466: 465: 462: 461: 459: 458: 454: 450: 446: 442: 438: 434: 430: 426: 422: 421:tail of embryo 418: 415: 414: 403: 400: 399: 397: 396: 392: 388: 384: 383:thoracic aorta 380: 379:body of uterus 376: 372: 368: 364: 360: 356: 353: 352: 340: 339: 331: 320: 314: 313: 310:RNA expression 302: 301: 298: 297: 289: 285: 284: 276: 273: 268: 262: 261: 252: 245: 239: 235: 234: 229: 223: 222: 214: 213: 201: 200: 197: 196: 188: 184: 183: 175: 172: 167: 161: 160: 151: 144: 138: 134: 133: 126: 120: 119: 111: 110: 98: 97: 54: 50: 49: 41: 33: 32: 28: 27: 24: 23: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3583: 3572: 3569: 3567: 3564: 3563: 3561: 3550: 3545: 3543: 3538: 3536: 3531: 3530: 3524: 3522: 3518: 3514: 3513:chromosome 11 3510: 3505: 3502: 3498: 3497: 3480: 3476: 3473: 3471: 3468: 3466: 3463: 3462: 3460: 3458: 3454: 3450: 3444: 3441: 3439: 3438:Glucuronidase 3436: 3434: 3431: 3429: 3426: 3424: 3421: 3420: 3418: 3416: 3412: 3408: 3402: 3399: 3397: 3394: 3393: 3391: 3389: 3385: 3381: 3378: 3375: 3371: 3365: 3362: 3360: 3357: 3355: 3352: 3351: 3348: 3345: 3343: 3340: 3338: 3335: 3334: 3331: 3328: 3326: 3323: 3321: 3318: 3316: 3313: 3311: 3308: 3307: 3305: 3302: 3298: 3292: 3289: 3286: 3284: 3280: 3277: 3276: 3271: 3266: 3264: 3259: 3257: 3252: 3251: 3248: 3236: 3233: 3231: 3228: 3226: 3223: 3222: 3220: 3218: 3212: 3208: 3196: 3193: 3192: 3191: 3188: 3184: 3181: 3179: 3176: 3175: 3174: 3171: 3170: 3168: 3164: 3152: 3149: 3148: 3147: 3143: 3140: 3139: 3137: 3133: 3127: 3124: 3122: 3119: 3117: 3114: 3112: 3109: 3108: 3106: 3104: 3100: 3094: 3091: 3090: 3087: 3084: 3083: 3078: 3077:Cholera toxin 3075: 3073: 3070: 3069: 3068: 3065: 3064: 3059: 3056: 3054: 3051: 3050: 3049: 3046: 3045: 3043: 3041: 3037: 3034: 3032: 3028: 3025: 3023: 3017: 3013: 3003: 3000: 2998: 2995: 2993: 2990: 2988: 2985: 2983: 2980: 2978: 2975: 2973: 2970: 2969: 2966: 2963: 2961: 2958: 2954: 2951: 2949: 2946: 2945: 2944: 2941: 2940: 2938: 2936: 2932: 2926: 2923: 2921: 2918: 2916: 2913: 2911: 2908: 2906: 2903: 2901: 2898: 2896: 2893: 2891: 2888: 2886: 2883: 2881: 2878: 2876: 2873: 2871: 2868: 2866: 2863: 2862: 2860: 2858: 2854: 2848: 2845: 2843: 2840: 2838: 2834: 2831: 2830: 2827: 2824: 2822: 2819: 2817: 2814: 2812: 2809: 2807: 2804: 2802: 2799: 2797: 2794: 2792: 2789: 2787: 2784: 2782: 2779: 2778: 2775: 2772: 2770: 2767: 2765: 2762: 2760: 2757: 2755: 2752: 2750: 2747: 2745: 2742: 2740: 2737: 2735: 2732: 2731: 2728: 2725: 2723: 2720: 2718: 2715: 2714: 2712: 2710: 2709:Glucuronosyl- 2706: 2699: 2695: 2692: 2690: 2687: 2685: 2682: 2681: 2679: 2677: 2673: 2667: 2664: 2662: 2659: 2657: 2654: 2652: 2649: 2647: 2644: 2642: 2639: 2635: 2632: 2630: 2627: 2625: 2622: 2620: 2617: 2616: 2615: 2614:Phosphorylase 2612: 2611: 2609: 2607: 2603: 2600: 2598: 2592: 2588: 2583: 2579: 2575: 2568: 2563: 2561: 2556: 2554: 2549: 2548: 2545: 2539: 2536: 2535: 2524: 2520: 2516: 2512: 2509:(2): 149–62. 2508: 2504: 2499: 2495: 2491: 2487: 2483: 2478: 2473: 2470:(3): 452–64. 2469: 2465: 2461: 2456: 2452: 2448: 2444: 2440: 2436: 2432: 2428: 2424: 2419: 2415: 2411: 2407: 2403: 2399: 2395: 2390: 2386: 2382: 2377: 2372: 2367: 2362: 2358: 2354: 2351:(2): 668–73. 2350: 2346: 2342: 2337: 2333: 2329: 2324: 2319: 2315: 2311: 2307: 2302: 2298: 2294: 2290: 2286: 2282: 2278: 2273: 2269: 2265: 2260: 2255: 2251: 2247: 2243: 2238: 2234: 2230: 2225: 2220: 2216: 2212: 2208: 2203: 2199: 2195: 2191: 2187: 2183: 2179: 2176:(2): 158–61. 2175: 2171: 2166: 2162: 2158: 2153: 2148: 2144: 2140: 2137:(2): 346–54. 2136: 2132: 2128: 2123: 2119: 2115: 2110: 2105: 2101: 2097: 2093: 2089: 2085: 2080: 2076: 2072: 2067: 2062: 2058: 2054: 2051:(4): 359–67. 2050: 2046: 2042: 2037: 2033: 2029: 2024: 2019: 2015: 2011: 2007: 2002: 1998: 1994: 1990: 1986: 1982: 1978: 1974: 1970: 1965: 1961: 1957: 1952: 1947: 1943: 1939: 1935: 1930: 1926: 1922: 1918: 1914: 1910: 1906: 1902: 1898: 1893: 1892: 1879: 1875: 1870: 1865: 1861: 1857: 1853: 1849: 1845: 1838: 1830: 1826: 1821: 1816: 1812: 1808: 1804: 1800: 1796: 1789: 1773: 1769: 1763: 1755: 1751: 1746: 1741: 1737: 1733: 1729: 1722: 1707: 1703: 1697: 1689: 1685: 1681: 1677: 1672: 1667: 1663: 1659: 1655: 1648: 1640: 1636: 1632: 1628: 1623: 1618: 1614: 1610: 1606: 1599: 1591: 1587: 1582: 1577: 1573: 1569: 1565: 1558: 1550: 1546: 1541: 1536: 1532: 1528: 1524: 1520: 1516: 1509: 1501: 1497: 1492: 1487: 1483: 1479: 1475: 1468: 1452: 1448: 1442: 1426: 1422: 1416: 1408: 1402: 1400: 1391: 1387: 1383: 1379: 1374: 1369: 1365: 1361: 1357: 1350: 1342: 1338: 1334: 1330: 1327:(1): 167–71. 1326: 1322: 1314: 1306: 1302: 1296: 1288: 1284: 1278: 1271: 1267: 1262: 1260: 1258: 1250: 1246: 1241: 1239: 1237: 1232: 1225: 1222: 1218: 1214: 1209: 1204: 1200: 1190: 1181: 1179: 1175: 1171: 1161: 1159: 1155: 1150: 1149:growth plates 1146: 1142: 1141:proteoglycans 1138: 1134: 1130: 1126: 1116: 1111:Gene location 1108: 1106: 1102: 1097: 1095: 1092: 1088: 1084: 1072: 1067: 1063: 1059: 1056: 1052: 1045: 1043: 1040: 1036: 1032: 1028: 1025: 1021: 1017: 1010: 1008: 1004: 1000: 994: 990: 987: 981: 979: 975: 971: 965: 961: 958: 954: 947: 945: 941: 937: 931: 927: 924: 918: 916: 912: 908: 904: 900: 894: 890: 887: 885:RefSeq (mRNA) 883: 876: 875: 870: 866: 863: 857: 856: 851: 847: 844: 842: 838: 831: 830: 825: 821: 818: 812: 811: 806: 802: 799: 797: 793: 786: 785: 780: 776: 773: 767: 766: 761: 757: 754: 752: 748: 745: 742: 740: 737: 733: 730: 726: 722: 715: 711: 706: 700: 697: 695: 692: 690: 687: 685: 682: 680: 677: 675: 672: 670: 667: 665: 662: 660: 657: 656: 654: 651: 650: 644: 641: 639: 636: 634: 631: 629: 626: 624: 621: 619: 616: 614: 611: 609: 606: 605: 603: 600: 599: 593: 590: 588: 585: 583: 580: 578: 575: 573: 570: 568: 565: 563: 560: 558: 555: 553: 550: 548: 545: 543: 540: 539: 537: 534: 533: 530: 529:Gene ontology 526: 522: 510: 505: 501: 494: 489: 486: 484: 480: 472: 467: 456: 452: 448: 444: 440: 436: 432: 428: 424: 420: 419: 416: 412: 407: 404: 394: 390: 386: 382: 378: 374: 370: 366: 362: 358: 357: 354: 350: 345: 342: 341: 338: 336: 332: 330: 329: 325: 324: 321: 319: 315: 311: 307: 303: 295: 290: 286: 282: 277: 267: 263: 256: 249: 243: 236: 228: 224: 220: 215: 211: 206: 202: 194: 189: 185: 181: 176: 166: 162: 155: 148: 142: 135: 131: 125: 121: 117: 112: 108: 103: 99: 95: 91: 87: 83: 79: 75: 71: 67: 63: 59: 51: 46: 39: 34: 29: 25: 20: 3521:expanding it 3506: 3346: 3288:proteoglycan 3217:transferases 3022:transferases 2597:transferases 2574:Transferases 2506: 2502: 2467: 2463: 2429:(4): 390–1. 2426: 2422: 2400:(3): 860–7. 2397: 2393: 2348: 2344: 2313: 2309: 2280: 2276: 2252:(4): 230–4. 2249: 2245: 2214: 2210: 2173: 2169: 2134: 2130: 2094:(3): 520–8. 2091: 2087: 2048: 2044: 2013: 2009: 1975:(1): 25–32. 1972: 1968: 1944:(2): 382–7. 1941: 1937: 1903:(3): 220–7. 1900: 1896: 1851: 1847: 1837: 1802: 1798: 1788: 1776:. Retrieved 1771: 1762: 1735: 1731: 1721: 1709:. Retrieved 1705: 1696: 1661: 1657: 1647: 1612: 1608: 1598: 1571: 1567: 1557: 1522: 1518: 1508: 1481: 1477: 1467: 1455:. Retrieved 1450: 1441: 1429:. Retrieved 1424: 1415: 1363: 1359: 1349: 1324: 1320: 1313: 1304: 1295: 1286: 1277: 1221:heterozygous 1217:Wnt proteins 1196: 1187: 1167: 1122: 1119:Interactions 1114: 1098: 1090: 1082: 1081: 1007:NP_001342005 1003:NP_001342004 996: 974:NP_001171554 967: 944:NM_001355076 940:NM_001355075 933: 915:NM_001389630 911:NM_001389628 903:NM_001178083 896: 872: 853: 827: 808: 782: 763: 743: 738: 669:ossification 449:right kidney 333: 326: 53:External IDs 3401:Iduronidase 2676:Galactosyl- 2182:10.1038/514 1848:Development 1778:15 November 1711:15 November 1457:14 November 1431:14 November 292:93,652,913 279:93,491,373 191:44,251,962 178:44,095,648 31:Identifiers 3560:Categories 3411:Sanfilippo 3376:catabolism 3279:Metabolism 2629:Cellobiose 1272:, May 2017 1251:, May 2017 1228:References 1203:homozygous 337:(ortholog) 74:HomoloGene 3511:on human 3303:anabolism 3020:Pentosyl- 2935:Mannosyl- 2606:Glucosyl- 1680:0964-6906 1631:1570-9639 1199:autosomal 1184:Mutations 1170:orthologs 1145:cartilage 999:NP_034293 978:NP_997005 970:NP_000392 936:NM_010163 907:NM_207122 899:NM_000401 729:Orthologs 82:GeneCards 2857:Fucosyl- 2624:Glycogen 2595:Hexosyl- 2523:11169766 2494:25986105 2486:10878610 2451:83566600 2443:10738008 2414:10679296 2385:10639137 2332:10545594 2297:10480354 2268:10429361 2198:25832441 1997:27148572 1925:45999816 1917:10679937 1878:16236767 1829:27748933 1754:17761672 1688:10545594 1639:25556000 1590:10545594 1549:23821404 1500:17761672 1390:20882831 1268:– 1247:– 1208:gastrula 1154:interact 1055:Wikidata 708:Sources: 618:membrane 453:gastrula 429:yolk sac 425:calvaria 3453:Morquio 3291:enzymes 3235:ST8SIA4 3093:Sirtuin 2826:UGT2B28 2821:UGT2B17 2816:UGT2B15 2811:UGT2B11 2806:UGT2B10 2774:UGT1A10 2698:C1GALT1 2353:Bibcode 2233:9756849 2190:9620772 2161:9463333 2152:1376901 2118:9326317 2109:1715939 2075:9110175 2032:8894688 1989:8782816 1960:7668264 1951:1801560 1869:2767329 1820:5102042 1540:4007065 1382:9576285 1341:8162019 1270:Ensembl 1249:Ensembl 1087:protein 841:UniProt 796:Ensembl 735:Species 714:QuickGO 437:decidua 312:pattern 170:11p11.2 38:Aliases 3388:Hurler 3384:Hunter 3364:PAPSS2 3359:PAPSS1 3215:Sialyl 3211:2.4.99 3031:Ribose 2870:POFUT2 2865:POFUT1 2801:UGT2B7 2796:UGT2B4 2791:UGT2A3 2786:UGT2A2 2781:UGT2A1 2769:UGT1A9 2764:UGT1A8 2759:UGT1A7 2754:UGT1A6 2749:UGT1A5 2744:UGT1A4 2739:UGT1A3 2734:UGT1A1 2727:B3GAT3 2722:B3GAT2 2717:B3GAT1 2619:Starch 2521:  2492:  2484:  2449:  2441:  2412:  2383:  2373:  2330:  2295:  2266:  2231:  2196:  2188:  2159:  2149:  2116:  2106:  2073:  2066:139145 2063:  2030:  1995:  1987:  1958:  1948:  1923:  1915:  1876:  1866:  1827:  1817:  1752:  1686:  1678:  1637:  1629:  1588:  1547:  1537:  1498:  1427:. NCBI 1388:  1380:  1360:Cancer 1339:  1135:, and 1041:search 1039:PubMed 874:P70428 855:Q93063 751:Entrez 483:BioGPS 70:108050 62:608210 3515:is a 3183:XYLT2 3178:XYLT1 3166:Other 3151:ECGF1 3135:Other 3016:2.4.2 3002:ALG12 2953:POMT2 2948:POMT1 2925:FUT11 2920:FUT10 2591:2.4.1 2490:S2CID 2447:S2CID 2376:15388 2194:S2CID 1993:S2CID 1921:S2CID 1386:S2CID 1158:TRAP1 1156:with 1137:EXTL3 1133:EXTL2 1129:EXTL1 1085:is a 784:14043 744:Mouse 739:Human 710:Amigo 457:molar 445:ankle 371:tibia 335:Mouse 328:Human 275:Start 210:Mouse 174:Start 107:Human 3517:stub 3509:gene 3479:GLB1 3347:EXT2 3342:EXT1 2997:ALG9 2992:ALG8 2987:ALG6 2982:ALG3 2977:ALG2 2972:ALG1 2965:DPM3 2960:DPM1 2915:FUT9 2910:FUT8 2905:FUT7 2900:FUT6 2895:FUT5 2890:FUT4 2885:FUT3 2880:FUT2 2875:FUT1 2847:HAS3 2842:HAS2 2837:HAS1 2634:Myo- 2584:2.4) 2519:PMID 2482:PMID 2439:PMID 2410:PMID 2381:PMID 2328:PMID 2293:PMID 2264:PMID 2229:PMID 2186:PMID 2157:PMID 2114:PMID 2071:PMID 2028:PMID 1985:PMID 1956:PMID 1913:PMID 1874:PMID 1825:PMID 1780:2019 1750:PMID 1713:2019 1706:NCBI 1684:PMID 1676:ISSN 1635:PMID 1627:ISSN 1613:1854 1586:PMID 1545:PMID 1496:PMID 1459:2019 1433:2019 1378:PMID 1337:PMID 1176:and 1125:EXT1 1094:gene 1091:EXT2 765:2132 318:Bgee 266:Band 227:Chr. 165:Band 124:Chr. 86:EXT2 58:OMIM 45:EXT2 22:EXT2 3415:Sly 2511:doi 2472:doi 2468:218 2431:doi 2402:doi 2398:268 2371:PMC 2361:doi 2318:doi 2285:doi 2281:105 2254:doi 2219:doi 2215:273 2178:doi 2147:PMC 2139:doi 2104:PMC 2096:doi 2061:PMC 2053:doi 2018:doi 1977:doi 1946:PMC 1905:doi 1864:PMC 1856:doi 1852:132 1815:PMC 1807:doi 1740:doi 1736:282 1666:doi 1617:doi 1576:doi 1535:PMC 1527:doi 1523:242 1486:doi 1482:282 1368:doi 1329:doi 288:End 187:End 90:OMA 78:345 66:MGI 3562:: 3413:, 3386:, 3281:: 3213:: 3144:: 3018:: 2835:: 2593:: 2582:EC 2576:: 2517:. 2507:48 2505:. 2488:. 2480:. 2466:. 2462:. 2445:. 2437:. 2427:15 2425:. 2408:. 2396:. 2379:. 2369:. 2359:. 2349:97 2347:. 2343:. 2326:. 2312:. 2308:. 2291:. 2279:. 2262:. 2250:44 2248:. 2244:. 2227:. 2213:. 2209:. 2192:. 2184:. 2174:19 2172:. 2155:. 2145:. 2135:62 2133:. 2129:. 2112:. 2102:. 2092:61 2090:. 2086:. 2069:. 2059:. 2047:. 2043:. 2026:. 2012:. 2008:. 1991:. 1983:. 1973:14 1971:. 1954:. 1942:57 1940:. 1936:. 1919:. 1911:. 1901:15 1899:. 1872:. 1862:. 1850:. 1846:. 1823:. 1813:. 1803:14 1801:. 1797:. 1770:. 1748:. 1734:. 1730:. 1704:. 1682:. 1674:. 1660:. 1656:. 1633:. 1625:. 1611:. 1607:. 1584:. 1570:. 1566:. 1543:. 1533:. 1521:. 1517:. 1494:. 1480:. 1476:. 1449:. 1423:. 1398:^ 1384:. 1376:. 1364:82 1362:. 1358:. 1335:. 1323:. 1303:. 1285:. 1256:^ 1235:^ 1180:. 1131:, 1127:, 1107:. 1096:. 712:/ 294:bp 281:bp 193:bp 180:bp 88:; 84:: 80:; 76:: 72:; 68:: 64:; 60:: 3548:e 3541:t 3534:v 3523:. 3481:) 3477:( 3455:/ 3269:e 3262:t 3255:v 2700:) 2696:( 2580:( 2566:e 2559:t 2552:v 2525:. 2513:: 2496:. 2474:: 2453:. 2433:: 2416:. 2404:: 2387:. 2363:: 2355:: 2334:. 2320:: 2314:8 2299:. 2287:: 2270:. 2256:: 2235:. 2221:: 2200:. 2180:: 2163:. 2141:: 2120:. 2098:: 2077:. 2055:: 2049:7 2034:. 2020:: 2014:5 1999:. 1979:: 1962:. 1927:. 1907:: 1880:. 1858:: 1831:. 1809:: 1782:. 1756:. 1742:: 1715:. 1690:. 1668:: 1662:8 1641:. 1619:: 1592:. 1578:: 1572:8 1551:. 1529:: 1502:. 1488:: 1461:. 1435:. 1409:. 1392:. 1370:: 1343:. 1331:: 1325:3 1307:. 1289:. 212:) 109:) 92::

Index

Aliases
EXT2
OMIM
608210
MGI
108050
HomoloGene
345
GeneCards
EXT2
OMA
EXT2 - orthologs
Human
Chromosome 11 (human)
Chr.
Chromosome 11 (human)
Chromosome 11 (human)
Genomic location for EXT2
Genomic location for EXT2
Band
bp
bp
Mouse
Chromosome 2 (mouse)
Chr.
Chromosome 2 (mouse)
Genomic location for EXT2
Genomic location for EXT2
Band
bp

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