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with a 39.3 m (130 ft) diameter primary mirror and a 4.2 m (14 ft) diameter secondary mirror. This reduced projected costs from 1.275 billion to 1.055 billion euros and should allow the telescope to be finished sooner. The smaller secondary is a particularly important change; 4.2 m (14 ft) places it within the capabilities of multiple manufacturers, and the lighter mirror unit avoids the need for high-strength materials in the secondary mirror support spider.
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voice-coil actuators. The image distortion caused by the turbulence of the Earth's atmosphere can be corrected in real-time, as well as deformations caused by the wind upon the main telescope. The ELT's adaptive optics system will provide an improvement of about a factor of 500 in the resolution compared to the best seeing conditions achieved so far without adaptive optics.
719:(the Netherlands). The contracts signed with ESO also include the delivery of detailed and complete instructions and engineering drawings for their production. Additionally, they include the development of the procedures required to integrate the supports with the ELT glass segments; to handle and transport the segment assemblies; and to operate and maintain them.
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construction proposal for approval in
December 2011. Funding was subsequently included in the 2012 budget for initial work to begin in early 2012. The project received preliminary approval in June 2012. ESO approved the start of construction in December 2014, with over 90% funding of the nominal budget secured.
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479:), but the name was shortened in 2017. The ELT is intended to advance astrophysical knowledge by enabling detailed studies of planets around other stars, the first galaxies in the Universe, supermassive black holes, and the nature of the Universe's dark sector, and to detect water and organic molecules in
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One of the goals of the ELT is the possibility of making a direct measurement of the acceleration of the
Universe's expansion. Such a measurement would have a major impact on our understanding of the Universe. The ELT will also search for possible variations in the fundamental physical constants with
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The dome is to provide needed protection to the telescope in inclement weather and during the day. A number of concepts for the dome were evaluated. The baseline concept for the 40m-class ELT dome is a nearly hemispherical dome, rotating atop a concrete pier, with curved laterally-opening doors. This
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Early designs included a segmented primary mirror with a diameter of 42 metres (140 feet) and an area of about 1,300 m (14,000 sq ft), with a secondary mirror with a diameter of 5.9 m (19 ft). However, in 2011 a proposal was put forward to reduce overall size by 13% to 978 m,
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The ELT is designed to make detailed studies of the first galaxies. Observations of these early galaxies with the ELT will give clues that will help understand how these objects form and evolve. In addition, the ELT will be a unique tool for making an inventory of the changing content of the various
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The ELT will search for extrasolar planets—planets orbiting other stars. This will include not only the discovery of planets down to Earth-like masses through indirect measurements of the wobbling motion of stars perturbed by the planets that orbit them, but also the direct imaging of larger planets
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In
January 2017, ESO awarded the contract for the fabrication of the 4608 edge sensors to the FAMES consortium, which is composed of French company Fogale and German company Micro-Epsilon. These sensors can measure relative positions to an accuracy of a few nanometres, the most accurate ever used in
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Science Vision and
Infrastructure Roadmap and the ESFRI Roadmap. The telescope underwent a Phase B study in 2014 that included "contracts with industry to design and manufacture prototypes of key elements like the primary mirror segments, the adaptive fourth mirror or the mechanical structure (...)
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was fully funded within the ESO budget. With the 2011 changes in the baseline design (such as a reduction in the size of the primary mirror from 42 m to 39.3 m), in 2017 the construction cost was estimated to be €1.15 billion (including first generation instruments). In 2014, the start of operations
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On 11 June 2012, the ESO Council approved the ELT programme's plans to begin civil works at the telescope site, with the construction of the telescope itself pending final agreement with governments of some member states. Construction work on the ELT site started in June 2014. By
December 2014, ESO
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Vernin, Jean; Muñoz-Tuñón, Casiana; Sarazin, Marc; Vazquez Ramió, Héctor; Varela, Antonia M.; Trinquet, Hervé; Miguel
Delgado, José; Jiménez Fuensalida, Jesús; Reyes, Marcos; Benhida, Abdelmajid; Benkhaldoun, Zouhair; García Lambas, Diego; Hach, Youssef; Lazrek, M.; Lombardi, Gianluca; Navarrete,
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By probing the most distant objects the ELT will provide clues to understanding the formation of the first objects that formed: primordial stars, primordial galaxies and black holes and their relationships. Studies of extreme objects like black holes will benefit from the power of the ELT to gain
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The ELT dome will have a height of nearly 74 metres from the ground and a diameter of 86 metres, making it the largest dome ever built for a telescope. The dome will have a total mass of around 6100 tonnes, and the telescope mounting and tube structure will have a total moving mass of around 2800
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The 3.8-metre concave tertiary mirror, also cast from
Zerodur, will be an unusual feature of the telescope. Most current large telescopes, including the VLT and the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope, use two curved mirrors to form an image. In these cases, a small, flat tertiary mirror is sometimes
1028:): The ArmazoNes high Dispersion Echelle Spectrograph will be used to search for indications of life on Earth-like exoplanets, find the first-born stars of the universe, test for possible variations of the fundamental constants of physics, and measure the acceleration of the Universe's expansion.
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With such a large opening, the ELT dome requires the presence of a windscreen to protect the telescope's mirrors (apart from the secondary), from direct exposure to the wind. The baseline design of the windscreen minimises the volume required to house it. Two spherical blades, either side of the
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who will manufacture the blanks of the 798 segments, as well as a maintenance set of 133 additional segments. This maintenance set allows segments to be removed, replaced, and recoated on a rotating basis once the ELT is in operation. The mirror is being cast from the same low-expansion ceramic
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The 2.4-metre quaternary mirror is a 2-millimeter-thick flat adaptive mirror. With up to 8000 actuators, the surface can be readjusted one thousand times per second. The deformable mirror will be the largest adaptive mirror ever made, and consists of six component petals, control systems, and
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Furthermore, the ELT's suite of instruments will allow astronomers to probe the earliest stages of the formation of planetary systems and to detect water and organic molecules in protoplanetary discs around stars in the making. Thus, the ELT will answer fundamental questions regarding planet
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Besides being designed for water-tightness, air-tightness is also one of the requirements as it is critical to minimise the air-conditioning load. The air-conditioning of the dome is necessary not only to thermally prepare the telescope for the forthcoming night but also in order to keep the
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ESO's
Director General commented in a 2011 press release that "With the new E-ELT design we can still satisfy the bold science goals and also ensure that the construction can be completed in only 10–11 years." The ESO Council endorsed the revised baseline design in June 2011 and expected a
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for the first construction phase. The first stone of the telescope was ceremonially laid on 26 May 2017, initiating the construction of the dome's main structure and telescope. The telescope passed the halfway point in its development and construction in July 2023, with completion and
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Making the secondary mirror is a major challenge as it is highly convex, and aspheric. It is also very large; at 4.2 metres in diameter and weighing 3.5 tonnes, it will be the largest secondary mirror ever employed on an optical telescope and the largest convex mirror ever produced.
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Much like the secondary mirror (with which it shares many design characteristics), the tertiary mirror will be slightly deformable to regularly allow deviations to be corrected. Both mirrors will be mounted on 32 points, with 18 on their backside and 14 along their edges.
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As of July 2023, all 6 petals are completed and in the process of being integrated into their support structure. The six laser sources for the adaptive optics system, which will work hand-in-hand with the quaternary mirror, have also been completed and are in testing.
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introduced to divert the light to a convenient focus. However, in the ELT the tertiary mirror also has a curved surface, as the use of three mirrors delivers a better final image quality over a larger field of view than would be possible with a two-mirror design.
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580:, would cost €1.5 billion (£1 billion), and be too complex. Both current fabrication technology and road transportation constraints limit single mirrors to being roughly 8 m (26 ft) per piece. The next-largest telescopes currently in use are the
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The 39-metre primary mirror will be composed of 798 hexagonal segments, each approximately 1.4 metres across and with 50 mm thickness. Two segments will be re-coated and replaced each working day, to keep the mirror always clean and highly reflective.
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The telescope will have several science instruments and will be able to switch from one instrument to another within minutes. The telescope and dome will also be able to change positions on the sky and start a new observation in a short time.
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The size of the ELT has been reduced from its original design. Even with that reduction, the ELT is significantly larger than both other planned extremely large telescopes. It has the aim of observing the universe in greater detail than the
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1080:, which are also targeting the second half of the 2020 decade for completion. These two other telescopes roughly belong to the same next generation of optical ground-based telescopes. Each design is much larger than previous telescopes.
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The pre-formed glass-ceramic blank of the secondary mirror is being polished and tested by Safran Reosc. The mirror will be shaped and polished to a precision of 15 nanometres (15 millionths of a millimetre) over the optical surface.
708:. They will receive the mirror blanks from Schott, and polish one mirror segment per day to meet the 7-year deadline. During this process, each segment will be polished until it has no surface irregularity greater than 7.5 nm
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Artist's impression of the
Extremely Large Telescope (ELT) in its enclosure on Cerro Armazones during night-time observations. The four beams shooting skywards are lasers that create artificial stars high in the Earth's
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For the observing slit, two main designs were under study: one with two sets of nested doors, and the current baseline design, i.e. a single pair of large sliding doors. This pair of doors has a total width of 45.3 m.
999:: The Multi-AO (adaptive optics) Imaging Camera for Deep Observations (MICADO) will be the first dedicated imaging camera for the ELT and will work with the Multiconjugate adaptive Optics Relay For ELT Observations, (
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665:(3 for each segment) use this information to adjust the system, keeping the overall surface shape unchanged against deformations caused by external factors such as wind, gravity, temperature changes and vibrations.
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Computational fluid dynamic simulations and wind tunnel work are being carried out to study the airflow in and around the dome, as well as the effectiveness of the dome and windscreen in protecting the telescope.
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The dome is designed to allow complete freedom to the telescope so that it can position itself whether it is opened or closed. It will also permit observations from the zenith down to 20 degrees from the horizon.
812:. The mirror will include a fast tip-tilt system for image stabilization that will compensate perturbations caused by wind, atmospheric turbulence, and the telescope itself before reaching the ELT instruments.
712:. Afterward, Safran Reosc will then mount, test, and complete all optical testing before delivery. This is the second-largest contract for ELT construction and the third-largest contract ESO has ever signed.
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One year after signing the contract, and after the laying of the first stone ceremony in May 2017, the site was handed over to ACe, signifying the beginning of the construction of the dome's main structure.
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On 19 June 2014, a major milestone towards construction of the ELT was reached. Part of Cerro
Armazones was blasted. This video provides a closer look at the event. Note that only natural sound is provided.
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Four of its instruments, the first generation, will be available at or shortly after first light, while two others will begin operations later. Throughout its operation other instruments can be installed.
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A 3D view of the new road to Cerro Armazones area in the Chilean desert. The road extends from the public Route B-710 to the top of the mountain where the European Extremely Large Telescope (E-ELT) will
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avoidance locus as well as preset to a new target within 5 minutes. This requires the dome to be able to accelerate and move at angular speeds of 2 degrees/s (the linear speed is approximately 5 km/h).
796:(Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica) as subcontractors, are responsible for the design and manufacture of the quaternary mirror. The 6 petals were cast by Schott in Germany and polished by Safran Reosc.
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units, and multiple large science instruments. The observatory's design will gather 100 million times more light than the human eye, equivalent to about 10 times more light than the largest
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design for excellent image quality over the 10-arcminute field of view (one-third of the width of the full Moon). The fourth and fifth mirrors are (almost) flat, and respectively provide
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1018:: A proposed multi-object spectrograph which will allow astronomers to trace the growth of galaxies and the distribution of matter from shortly after the Big Bang to the present day.
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correction for atmospheric distortions (mirror 4) and tip-tilt correction for image stabilization (mirror 5). The fourth and fifth mirrors also send the light sideways to one of two
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by taking images 15 times sharper, although it is designed to be complementary to space telescopes, which typically have very limited observing time available. The ELT's 4.2-metre
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The air-conditioning of the telescope during the day is critical and the current specifications permit the dome to cool the telescope and internal volume by 10 °C over 12 hours.
987:: The High Angular Resolution Monolithic Optical and Near-infrared Integral field spectrograph (HARMONI) will function as the telescope's workhorse instrument for spectroscopy.
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Complex support cells are also necessary to ensure the flexible secondary and tertiary mirrors retain their correct shape and position; these support cells will be provided by
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This video shows an artist's impression of the Extremely Large Telescope, the ELT. The protective dome is seen opening for a night observing the optical and infrared skies.
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and Cimolai and the nominated subcontractor, Italy's EIE Group. The signature ceremony took place on 25 May 2016 at ESO's Headquarters in Garching bei München, Germany.
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As of July 2023, over 70% of the mirror segment blanks and their supporting structures have been manufactured, and by early 2024 tens of segments had been polished.
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These drone visuals from Gerhard Hüdepohl show the future location of the ELT against the tranquil backdrop of the barren Chilean desert, as of September 2016.
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1812:"Good News and Bad News for Astronomers' Biggest Dream - The National Science Foundation takes a step (just one) toward an "extremely large telescope.""
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Construction workers using heavy machinery work in the Atacama Desert to flatten the top of the mountain for a platform large enough to host the ELT.
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ESO signed a contract for its construction, together with the main structure of the telescopes, with the Italian ACe Consortium, consisting of
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time. An unambiguous detection of such variations would have far-reaching consequences for our comprehension of the general laws of physics.
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is a re-optimisation from the previous design, aimed at reducing the costs, and it is being revalidated to be ready for construction.
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2986:"ESO Signs Contract to Polish the E-ELT Secondary Mirror – French company Reosc will polish the largest secondary mirror ever built"
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had secured over 90% of the total funding and authorized construction of the telescope to start, which will cost around one billion
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Edge sensors constantly measure the positions of the primary mirror segments relative to their immediate neighbours. 2394 position
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2869:"World's largest convex mirror blank ready for final touches – The ELT's M2 blank is being shipped to France for fine polishing"
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902:. For this the dome is also equipped with louvers, whereby the windscreen is designed to allow them to fulfill their function.
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focal stations at either side of the telescope structure, allowing multiple large instruments to be mounted simultaneously.
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The ELT will use a novel design with a total of five mirrors. The first three mirrors are curved (non-spherical) and form a
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has an angular resolution of 1 arcminute which corresponds to separating two light sources 30 cm apart from 1 km distance.
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existing as of 2023, and will correct for atmospheric distortion. It has around 250 times the light gathering area of the
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The first generation includes four instruments: MICADO, HARMONI and METIS, along with the adaptive optics system MORFEO.
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ESO focused on the current design after a feasibility study concluded the proposed 100 m (328 ft) diameter,
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around other stars. As planned in 2011, the facility was expected to take 11 years to construct, from 2014 to 2025.
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603:. The ELT is the highest priority in the European planning activities for research infrastructures, such as the
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Comparison of nominal sizes of apertures of the Extremely Large Telescope and some notable optical telescopes
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more insight into time-dependent phenomena linked with the various processes at play around compact objects.
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The dome design ensures that the dome provides sufficient ventilation for the telescope not to be limited by
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and possibly even the characterisation of their atmospheres. The telescope will attempt to image Earthlike
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distance. At 0.03 arcseconds, the contrast is expected to be 10, sufficient to search for exoplanets. The
750:. In May 2017, Schott AG was also awarded the contract for the much larger primary segment of the mirror.
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and, according to the ELT's specifications, will provide images 16 times sharper than those from Hubble.
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As of early 2024 the six component petals had been fabricated and are being brazed into a single unit.
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ESO Council Gives Green Light to Detailed Study of the European Extremely Large Telescope Spaceref.com
993:: The Mid-infrared ELT Imager and Spectrograph (METIS) will be a mid-infrared imager and spectrograph.
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The segment support system units for the primary mirror are designed and produced by CESA (Spain) and
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In terms of astronomical performance the dome is required to be able to track about the 1-degree
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3115:"Contract Signed for Final Design and Construction of Largest Adaptive Mirror Unit in the World"
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3312:"ESO Signs Largest Ever Ground-based Astronomy Contract for E-ELT Dome and Telescope Structure"
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The 2.7-metre by 2.2-metre quinary mirror is a tip-tilt mirror used to refine the image using
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3237:"ESO Signs Largest Ever Ground-based Astronomy Contract for ELT Dome and Telescope Structure"
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This video shows an artist's impression of the Extremely Large Telescope, the ELT, in action.
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E-ELT The European Extremely Large Telescope – The World's Biggest Eye on the Sky (brochure)
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and a 4.2 m (14 ft) diameter secondary mirror. The telescope will be supported by
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Julio; Recabarren, Pablo; Renzi, Victor; Sabil, Mohammed; Vrech, Rubén (1 November 2011).
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elements in the Universe with time, and to understand star formation history in galaxies.
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was planned for 2024. Actual construction officially began in early 2017, and a technical
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In May 2017, ESO awarded two additional contracts. One was awarded to the German company
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An Expanded View of the Universe – Science with the European Extremely Large Telescope
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2038:"European Extremely Large Telescope to break ground (using dynamite) live later today"
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observing slit doors, slide in front of the telescope aperture to restrict the wind.
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The other contract was awarded to the French company, Safran Reosc, a subsidiary of
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The design consists of a reflecting telescope with a 39.3-metre-diameter (130-foot)
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Model of the gigantic and intricate structure inside the enclosure of the ELT.
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Astronet (2008), Bode, Michael F.; Cruz, Maria J.; Molster, Frank J. (eds.),
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This drone camera view gives an early indication of the scale of the project.
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532:, on the Canary Islands; and sites in North Africa, Morocco, and Antarctica.
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112:
4416:
2824:"ESO Awards Contracts for E-ELT Primary Mirror Segment Support System Units"
2500:
The ASTRONET Infrastructure Roadmap: A Strategic Plan for European Astronomy
1068:, with a 10.4 m aperture and a light-collecting area of 74 m. Other planned
5882:
5648:
5627:
5245:
4693:
4643:
4145:
3815:
3311:
3261:
2752:
2677:
2596:
1904:
1886:
1607:
The night sky over the construction site for the Extremely Large Telescope.
293:
3236:
2541:
Hippler, Stefan (2019). "Adaptive Optics for Extremely Large Telescopes".
2336:
2169:
2144:
2109:
5715:
4708:
3547:
2727:
780:
As of July 2023, the tertiary mirror has been cast and is in polishing.
5685:
5662:
5142:
1311:
937:
552:
3788:"Milestones Reached in Incredible Journey of ELT Main Mirror Segments"
3662:
2220:"European Extremely Large Telescope Site Characterization I: Overview"
2130:
1292:
Notes: Future first-light dates are provisional and likely to change.
764:
By early 2024 this mirror was reported to be close to final accuracy.
393:
5780:
5107:
4851:
4668:
4638:
4463:
4255:
4105:
1319:
1299:
1054:
743:
716:
681:
662:
3935:
3614:
2089:"Construction begins on world's largest telescope in Chilean desert"
4591:
4509:
4047:
3840:
2960:
2898:
2648:"Multiple E-ELT Mirror Segments Tested Together for the First Time"
2557:
2246:
1011:
The second generation of instruments consists of MOSAIC and ANDES.
604:
599:
A 40-metre-class mirror will allow the study of the atmospheres of
509:
415:
under construction. When completed, it will be the world's largest
3835:
3459:
2315:"ESO Moves One Step Closer to the First Extremely Large Telescope"
1649:
ELT compared with one of the four existing VLT Unit Telescopes at
1298:
The ELT under ideal conditions has an angular resolution of 0.005
4581:
4576:
4529:
3189:
3164:
845:
747:
686:
653:
The optical system of the ELT showing the location of the mirrors
2777:
931:
The official trailer for the ELT showing the preliminary design.
742:
In January 2017, ESO awarded a contract for the mirror blank to
5810:
4951:
4842:
4720:
4551:
4037:
3640:
3010:
1634:
1307:
865:
380:
828:
4889:
4772:
4764:
4556:
4265:
2930:
754:
525:
439:
5076:
3065:"ESO Awards Contract for E-ELT Adaptive Mirror Design Study"
1926:"Renaming the E-ELT - Statement from ESO's Director General"
44:
4974:
3140:"ESO Signs Contract for Deformable Shell Mirrors for E-ELT"
2894:"ESO signs contracts for the ELT's gigantic primary mirror"
2802:
1689:
An artist's impression of a close-up of ELT primary mirror.
793:
488:
311:
5877:
3089:
2407:"Construction begins on the world's first super telescope"
5252:
3851:
Record mirror for Euro telescope BBC Online August 7 2006
2728:"High precision sensors, measurement devices and systems"
2104:
2102:
1345:
contains an unencyclopedic or excessive gallery of images
876:
Size comparison between the ELT and other telescope domes
3717:"ELT MICADO Instrument Passes Preliminary Design Review"
2702:
1905:"The European Extremely Large Telescope ('ELT') Project"
4199:
2227:
Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific
1887:"ESO's Extremely Large Telescope is now half completed"
1315:
330:
2099:
5854:
5945:
Buildings and structures under construction in Chile
3286:
2059:"Construction of Extremely Large Telescope Approved"
1972:
1302:
which corresponds to separating two light sources 1
3816:
ESO The Extremely Large Telescope ("E-ELT") Project
2420:Gilmozzi, Roberto; Spyromilio, Jason (March 2007).
2012:"European Extremely Large Telescope given go-ahead"
1854:"Europe Downscales Monster Telescope to Save Money"
893:
639:
3705:EPICS: direct imagine of exoplanets with the E-ELT
2753:"First ELT Main Mirror Segments Successfully Cast"
2419:
1096:, the second largest optical telescope in Europe.
3895:
3215:"Construction of the ELT Dome Foundations Begins"
359:
5926:
2672:
2670:
2668:
2422:"The European Extremely Large Telescope (E-ELT)"
2373:
1310:(650 ly) distance, or two light sources 30
3477:
3059:
3057:
2490:
2053:
2051:
1921:
3926:Space Telescope European Coordinating Facility
3561:
3540:
3519:
3407:
3405:
2678:"Contracts Signed for ELT Mirrors and Sensors"
2597:"Contracts Signed for ELT Mirrors and Sensors"
2309:
2307:
2276:
2184:
1092:is the same size as the primary mirror on the
5092:
4446:
4432:
4185:
3881:
3582:
3498:
2852:
2665:
2452:
2450:
2145:"ESO To Build World's Biggest Eye on the Sky"
2035:
1948:
1946:
1707:List of largest optical reflecting telescopes
1357:beside adjacent text, in accordance with the
3763:"Artist's rendering of the ELT in operation"
3684:"Giant Magellan Telescope – 6th mirror cast"
3603:
3054:
2803:"Compañía Española de Sistemas Aeronáuticos"
2469:
2125:
2123:
2048:
3402:
3388:
3386:
2848:
2846:
2844:
2304:
1881:
1879:
1877:
1875:
1873:
1871:
1800:
1621:Artist's rendering of the ELT in operation.
1351:removing excessive or indiscriminate images
859:
5099:
5085:
4439:
4425:
4192:
4178:
3888:
3874:
2447:
2210:
2005:
2003:
1943:
1743:List of highest astronomical observatories
676:Cast of the first ELT main mirror segments
338:
316:
299:
284:
270:
254:
241:
228:
214:
189:
169:
155:
138:
76:
59:
43:
3629:
3611:"GMT Overview – Giant Magellan Telescope"
3413:"ESO – The First Objects in the Universe"
2556:
2413:
2120:
1851:
1373:Learn how and when to remove this message
818:
508:ESO Council meets at ESO headquarters in
30:For the general type of observatory, see
3383:
2855:"ESO's ELT halfway through construction"
2841:
2496:
2029:
1868:
1847:
1845:
1843:
1841:
1839:
1560:A video describing what the ELT will be.
1044:
1036:
963:
920:
871:
827:
792:The AdOptica consortium, partnered with
729:
695:
671:
648:
615:
608:concept studies for eight instruments".
567:
538:
503:
2955:
2953:
2544:Journal of Astronomical Instrumentation
2540:
2477:"ESO – Europe's Window on the Universe"
2329:
2162:
2137:
2000:
1806:
1786:Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory
746:, who cast it later the same year from
298:743.4 m (2,439 ft 0 in)
14:
5927:
3663:"Extremely Large Telescope – Timeline"
3439:"First Instruments for E-ELT Approved"
700:Several segments of the primary mirror
471:The project was originally called the
430:(ESO) agency, it is located on top of
227:39.3 m (128 ft 11 in)
5080:
4420:
4173:
3869:
1836:
1633:Diagram of the 40m-class ELT primary
368:Location of Extremely Large Telescope
5838:
5059:
4504:
4153:
3637:"About TMT – Thirty Meter Telescope"
2950:
2009:
1897:
1329:
823:
783:
543:ELT construction status in June 2024
283:978 m (10,530 sq ft)
27:Major astronomical facility in Chile
5935:Astronomical observatories in Chile
4201:Astronomical observatories in Chile
3337:"E-ELT Phase B Final Design Review"
2355:"ESO's collaboration with industry"
2337:"The E-ELT Moves Closer to Reality"
1595:Rendering of the MICADO instrument.
1349:Please help improve the section by
725:
253:3.75 m (12 ft 4 in)
240:4.09 m (13 ft 5 in)
24:
3742:"The Milky Way above the ELT site"
1852:Schilling, Govert (14 June 2011).
1738:List of astronomical observatories
959:
767:
530:Roque de los Muchachos Observatory
473:European Extremely Large Telescope
25:
5966:
4898:Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope
4378:National Astronomical Observatory
3804:
2906:from the original on 14 June 2024
2284:"The E-ELT Construction Proposal"
2065:. 4 December 2014. Archived from
1980:"The E-ELT construction proposal"
1824:from the original on 8 March 2024
803:
644:
551:The design phase of the 5-mirror
5912:
5900:
5888:
5876:
5864:
5837:
5826:
5825:
5596:Southern African Large Telescope
5058:
5047:
5046:
4719:
4713:
4707:
4401:
4400:
4152:
4136:
4125:
4124:
3934:
3821:Final stage for telescope design
1682:
1670:
1665:Rendering of ELT during the day.
1658:
1642:
1626:
1614:
1600:
1588:
1565:
1529:
1509:
1488:
1470:
1448:
1428:
1408:
1387:
1359:Manual of Style on use of images
1334:
1199:Southern African Large Telescope
916:
894:Ventilation and air-conditioning
706:Safran Electronics & Defense
640:ELT mirror and sensors contracts
590:Southern African Large Telescope
379:
358:
351:
5022:Habitable zone for complex life
4937:Nautilus Deep Space Observatory
3916:Llano de Chajnantor Observatory
3780:
3755:
3734:
3709:
3698:
3676:
3655:
3452:
3431:
3357:
3329:
3304:
3279:
3254:
3229:
3207:
3182:
3157:
3132:
3107:
3082:
3028:
3003:
2978:
2918:
2886:
2861:
2816:
2795:
2770:
2745:
2720:
2695:
2640:
2614:
2589:
2534:
2399:
2347:
2081:
2010:Amos, Jonathan (11 June 2012).
1751:Llano de Chajnantor Observatory
1124:Extremely Large Telescope (ELT)
572:Cerro Armazones at night (2010)
496:planned at that time for 2028.
3831:Ground Telescope to Super Size
2853:Roberto Tamai (19 June 2024).
2381:"ESO – Preparing a Revolution"
2110:"Groundbreaking for the E-ELT"
2036:James Vincent (19 June 2014).
1915:
1756:Atacama Large Millimeter Array
1747:Other observatories in Chile:
1733:Overwhelmingly Large Telescope
578:Overwhelmingly Large Telescope
49:Artist's impression of the ELT
13:
1:
5950:Telescopes under construction
5940:European Southern Observatory
5106:
3897:European Southern Observatory
3811:ESO Extremely Large Telescope
3194:European Southern Observatory
2149:European Southern Observatory
1987:European Southern Observatory
1909:European Southern Observatory
1891:European Southern Observatory
1794:
1032:
884:
518:European Southern Observatory
428:European Southern Observatory
168:3,046 m (9,993 ft)
151:European Southern Observatory
72:European Southern Observatory
4987:Space Interferometry Mission
4370:Santiago Metropolitan Region
4100:Astronomy & Astrophysics
2934:(in Spanish). Archived from
1724:(planned completion in 2025)
7:
1776:Cerro Armazones Observatory
1694:
563:
512:bei München, Germany, 2012.
10:
5971:
4861:James Webb Space Telescope
1712:List of optical telescopes
1325:
1314:apart from roughly 12,000
1272:
1254:
1235:
1216:
1197:
1178:
1159:
1140:
1122:
1094:William Herschel Telescope
1070:extremely large telescopes
1062:largest optical telescopes
499:
29:
5820:
5612:
5589:Large Binocular Telescope
5554:Extremely Large Telescope
5547:Extremely large telescope
5520:
5403:
5343:
5264:
5226:
5187:
5180:
5114:
5042:
5017:Discoveries of exoplanets
5004:
4992:Terrestrial Planet Finder
4960:
4909:
4872:
4817:
4735:
4728:
4705:
4472:
4454:
4448:Exoplanet search projects
4396:
4368:
4325:
4295:
4207:
4119:
4091:
4028:
3943:
3932:
3903:
3460:"Instruments | ELT | ESO"
2575:10.1142/S2251171719500016
1717:Large Binocular Telescope
1291:
1180:Large Binocular Telescope
968:The first ELT instruments
944:formation and evolution.
620:Schematic view of the ELT
611:
405:Extremely Large Telescope
390:
377:
346:
325:
307:
292:
279:
262:
249:
236:
223:
202:extremely large telescope
197:
177:
164:
146:
104:
85:
67:
54:
42:
38:Extremely Large Telescope
32:extremely large telescope
5561:Gran Telescopio Canarias
4315:Giant Magellan Telescope
1728:Gran Telescopio Canarias
1722:European Solar Telescope
1237:Gran Telescopio Canarias
1161:Giant Magellan Telescope
1074:Giant Magellan Telescope
1066:Gran Telescopio Canarias
910:telescope optics clean.
860:Astronomical performance
586:Gran Telescopio Canarias
413:astronomical observatory
385:Related media on Commons
5656:Astrology and astronomy
5366:Gravitational radiation
3365:"ESO – E-ELT Enclosure"
2361:. ESO. 22 December 2017
2192:"E-ELT: Finding a home"
1072:include the 25 m/368 m
1064:operating today is the
626:three-mirror anastigmat
520:(ESO) Council selected
237:Secondary diameter
5575:Hubble Space Telescope
1355:moving relevant images
1218:Hobby–Eberly Telescope
1142:Thirty Meter Telescope
1086:Hubble Space Telescope
1078:Thirty Meter Telescope
1057:
1042:
969:
932:
877:
833:
819:ELT dome and structure
735:
701:
677:
654:
621:
573:
544:
516:On 26 April 2010, the
513:
466:Hubble Space Telescope
250:Tertiary diameter
55:Alternative names
5679:Astroparticle physics
5414:Australian Aboriginal
3485:"ESO HARMONI Webpage"
3262:"Cimolai – Home Page"
2732:www.micro-epsilon.com
2465:. ESO Science Office.
1954:"ESO – Are We Alone?"
1048:
1040:
967:
930:
875:
831:
734:ELT's M2 mirror blank
733:
699:
675:
652:
619:
571:
560:is planned for 2028.
542:
507:
268:0.005 arcsecond
5671:Astronomers Monument
5603:Very Large Telescope
5150:Astronomical symbols
3965:(under construction)
3911:La Silla Observatory
3569:"ESO MOSAIC Webpage"
3548:"ESO MORFEO Webpage"
3527:"ESO MICADO Webpage"
3036:"ESO – E-ELT Optics"
2622:"ESO – E-ELT Optics"
2523:on 23 September 2015
2172:. ESO. 26 April 2010
1781:La Silla Observatory
1769:Very Large Telescope
1651:Cerro Paranal, Chile
1306:apart from 200
1274:Very Large Telescope
1049:ELT compared to the
691:Very Large Telescope
481:protoplanetary disks
280:Collecting area
198:Telescope style
94:Antofagasta Province
5744:List of astronomers
5157:Astronomical object
5027:Lists of exoplanets
4798:detected exoplanets
4310:Magellan Telescopes
4237:Llano de Chajnantor
3921:Paranal Observatory
3826:Green light for ELT
3590:"ESO HIRES Webpage"
3506:"ESO METIS Webpage"
3217:. 27 September 2019
2961:"M2 and M3 Mirrors"
2938:on 27 February 2017
2567:2019JAI.....850001H
2441:2007Msngr.127...11G
2317:. ESO. 15 June 2011
2239:2011PASP..123.1334V
2170:"E-ELT Site Chosen"
1764:Paranal Observatory
1702:Lists of telescopes
126:24.5893°S 70.1916°W
122: /
39:
5955:Astronomy projects
5730:Physical cosmology
4942:New Worlds Mission
4209:Antofagasta Region
2551:(2): 1950001–322.
2343:. 9 December 2011.
2233:(909): 1334–1346.
1960:on 17 January 2013
1817:The New York Times
1058:
1043:
970:
933:
878:
834:
736:
702:
693:mirrors in Chile.
678:
655:
622:
601:extrasolar planets
574:
545:
514:
462:optical telescopes
264:Angular resolution
206:infrared telescope
131:-24.5893; -70.1916
98:Antofagasta Region
37:
5852:
5851:
5737:Quantum cosmology
5723:Planetary geology
5516:
5515:
5227:Celestial subject
5074:
5073:
5012:Detection methods
5000:
4999:
4414:
4413:
4167:
4166:
3967:
3090:"www.adoptica.it"
2703:"FOGALE nanotech"
2513:978-3-923524-63-1
2293:, 2 December 2011
2069:on 23 August 2020
1856:. Science Insider
1576:
1555:
1519:
1499:
1478:
1459:
1438:
1418:
1397:
1383:
1382:
1375:
1320:unaided human eye
1296:
1295:
928:
824:Dome construction
784:Quaternary mirror
401:
400:
210:Nasmyth telescope
16:(Redirected from
5962:
5917:
5916:
5915:
5905:
5904:
5903:
5893:
5892:
5891:
5881:
5880:
5869:
5868:
5867:
5860:
5845:
5841:
5840:
5833:
5829:
5828:
5813:
5804:
5797:
5790:
5783:
5774:
5767:
5760:
5758:Medieval Islamic
5753:
5746:
5739:
5732:
5725:
5718:
5711:
5702:
5695:
5688:
5681:
5674:
5665:
5658:
5651:
5644:
5642:Astroinformatics
5637:
5630:
5623:
5621:Archaeoastronomy
5605:
5598:
5591:
5584:
5582:Keck Observatory
5577:
5570:
5563:
5556:
5549:
5542:
5535:
5509:
5500:
5493:
5486:
5479:
5477:Medieval Islamic
5472:
5465:
5458:
5451:
5444:
5437:
5430:
5423:
5416:
5396:
5389:
5382:
5375:
5368:
5361:
5354:
5336:
5327:
5320:
5313:
5306:
5304:
5296:
5294:
5282:
5275:
5255:
5248:
5241:
5219:
5212:
5205:
5198:
5185:
5184:
5173:
5166:
5159:
5152:
5145:
5136:
5129:
5122:
5101:
5094:
5087:
5078:
5077:
5062:
5061:
5050:
5049:
4902:
4894:
4886:
4865:
4857:
4847:
4839:
4831:
4810:
4800:
4793:
4785:
4782:
4769:
4761:
4758:
4747:
4733:
4732:
4723:
4717:
4711:
4515:FINDS Exo-Earths
4441:
4434:
4427:
4418:
4417:
4404:
4403:
4194:
4187:
4180:
4171:
4170:
4156:
4155:
4142:Portal:Astronomy
4140:
4128:
4127:
4006:
3988:
3980:
3963:
3938:
3890:
3883:
3876:
3867:
3866:
3799:
3798:
3796:
3794:
3784:
3778:
3777:
3775:
3773:
3759:
3753:
3752:
3750:
3748:
3738:
3732:
3731:
3729:
3727:
3713:
3707:
3702:
3696:
3695:
3693:
3691:
3680:
3674:
3673:
3671:
3669:
3659:
3653:
3652:
3650:
3648:
3643:on 8 August 2011
3639:. Archived from
3633:
3627:
3626:
3624:
3622:
3613:. Archived from
3607:
3601:
3600:
3598:
3596:
3586:
3580:
3579:
3577:
3575:
3565:
3559:
3558:
3556:
3554:
3544:
3538:
3537:
3535:
3533:
3523:
3517:
3516:
3514:
3512:
3502:
3496:
3495:
3493:
3491:
3481:
3475:
3474:
3472:
3470:
3456:
3450:
3449:
3447:
3445:
3435:
3429:
3428:
3426:
3424:
3419:on 10 April 2019
3415:. Archived from
3409:
3400:
3399:
3390:
3381:
3380:
3378:
3376:
3361:
3355:
3354:
3352:
3350:
3341:
3333:
3327:
3326:
3324:
3322:
3308:
3302:
3301:
3299:
3297:
3287:"EIE GROUP Home"
3283:
3277:
3276:
3274:
3272:
3258:
3252:
3251:
3249:
3247:
3233:
3227:
3226:
3224:
3222:
3211:
3205:
3204:
3202:
3200:
3186:
3180:
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3177:
3175:
3161:
3155:
3154:
3152:
3150:
3136:
3130:
3129:
3127:
3125:
3111:
3105:
3104:
3102:
3100:
3086:
3080:
3079:
3077:
3075:
3061:
3052:
3051:
3049:
3047:
3032:
3026:
3025:
3023:
3021:
3007:
3001:
3000:
2998:
2996:
2982:
2976:
2975:
2973:
2971:
2957:
2948:
2947:
2945:
2943:
2922:
2916:
2915:
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2911:
2890:
2884:
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2881:
2879:
2865:
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2834:
2820:
2814:
2813:
2811:
2809:
2799:
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2790:
2788:
2774:
2768:
2767:
2765:
2763:
2749:
2743:
2742:
2740:
2738:
2724:
2718:
2717:
2715:
2713:
2699:
2693:
2692:
2690:
2688:
2674:
2663:
2662:
2660:
2658:
2644:
2638:
2637:
2635:
2633:
2618:
2612:
2611:
2609:
2607:
2593:
2587:
2586:
2560:
2538:
2532:
2531:
2530:
2528:
2522:
2516:, archived from
2505:
2494:
2488:
2487:
2485:
2483:
2473:
2467:
2466:
2464:
2454:
2445:
2444:
2426:
2417:
2411:
2410:
2403:
2397:
2396:
2394:
2392:
2387:on 10 April 2019
2383:. Archived from
2377:
2371:
2370:
2368:
2366:
2351:
2345:
2344:
2333:
2327:
2326:
2324:
2322:
2311:
2302:
2301:
2300:
2298:
2288:
2280:
2274:
2273:
2271:
2269:
2263:
2257:. Archived from
2224:
2214:
2208:
2207:
2205:
2203:
2198:on 10 April 2019
2194:. Archived from
2188:
2182:
2181:
2179:
2177:
2166:
2160:
2159:
2157:
2155:
2141:
2135:
2134:
2127:
2118:
2117:
2106:
2097:
2096:
2085:
2079:
2078:
2076:
2074:
2055:
2046:
2045:
2033:
2027:
2026:
2024:
2022:
2007:
1998:
1997:
1995:
1993:
1984:
1976:
1970:
1969:
1967:
1965:
1956:. Archived from
1950:
1941:
1940:
1938:
1936:
1919:
1913:
1912:
1901:
1895:
1894:
1883:
1866:
1865:
1863:
1861:
1849:
1834:
1833:
1831:
1829:
1810:(8 March 2024).
1804:
1686:
1674:
1662:
1646:
1630:
1618:
1604:
1592:
1578:
1577:
1557:
1556:
1521:
1520:
1501:
1500:
1480:
1479:
1461:
1460:
1440:
1439:
1420:
1419:
1399:
1398:
1378:
1371:
1367:
1366:
1338:
1337:
1330:
1099:
1098:
1090:secondary mirror
929:
726:Secondary mirror
710:root mean square
689:as the existing
458:laser guide star
394:edit on Wikidata
383:
362:
361:
355:
342:
337:
334:
332:
321:
320:
303:
288:
275:
274:
258:
245:
232:
219:
218:
193:
188:
186:
173:
160:
159:
142:
137:
136:
134:
133:
132:
127:
123:
120:
119:
118:
115:
81:
80:
63:
47:
40:
36:
21:
5970:
5969:
5965:
5964:
5963:
5961:
5960:
5959:
5925:
5924:
5923:
5913:
5911:
5901:
5899:
5889:
5887:
5875:
5865:
5863:
5855:
5853:
5848:
5836:
5824:
5816:
5809:
5800:
5793:
5788:X-ray telescope
5786:
5779:
5770:
5763:
5756:
5749:
5742:
5735:
5728:
5721:
5714:
5707:
5698:
5691:
5684:
5677:
5668:
5661:
5654:
5647:
5640:
5633:
5626:
5619:
5608:
5601:
5594:
5587:
5580:
5573:
5566:
5559:
5552:
5545:
5538:
5531:
5523:
5512:
5505:
5496:
5489:
5482:
5475:
5468:
5461:
5454:
5447:
5440:
5433:
5426:
5419:
5412:
5399:
5394:Multi-messenger
5392:
5385:
5378:
5371:
5364:
5357:
5350:
5339:
5332:
5323:
5316:
5309:
5302:
5299:
5290:
5285:
5278:
5271:
5260:
5251:
5244:
5233:
5222:
5217:Space telescope
5215:
5208:
5201:
5194:
5176:
5169:
5162:
5155:
5148:
5141:
5132:
5125:
5118:
5110:
5105:
5075:
5070:
5038:
4996:
4956:
4905:
4900:
4892:
4884:
4868:
4863:
4855:
4845:
4837:
4829:
4813:
4808:
4796:
4791:
4783:
4775:
4767:
4759:
4753:
4745:
4724:
4718:
4712:
4703:
4468:
4450:
4445:
4415:
4410:
4392:
4364:
4327:Coquimbo Region
4321:
4291:
4222:Cerro Armazones
4203:
4198:
4168:
4163:
4115:
4087:
4030:
4024:
4004:
3986:
3978:
3939:
3930:
3899:
3894:
3807:
3802:
3792:
3790:
3786:
3785:
3781:
3771:
3769:
3761:
3760:
3756:
3746:
3744:
3740:
3739:
3735:
3725:
3723:
3715:
3714:
3710:
3703:
3699:
3689:
3687:
3686:. 12 March 2021
3682:
3681:
3677:
3667:
3665:
3661:
3660:
3656:
3646:
3644:
3635:
3634:
3630:
3620:
3618:
3609:
3608:
3604:
3594:
3592:
3588:
3587:
3583:
3573:
3571:
3567:
3566:
3562:
3552:
3550:
3546:
3545:
3541:
3531:
3529:
3525:
3524:
3520:
3510:
3508:
3504:
3503:
3499:
3489:
3487:
3483:
3482:
3478:
3468:
3466:
3458:
3457:
3453:
3443:
3441:
3437:
3436:
3432:
3422:
3420:
3411:
3410:
3403:
3392:
3391:
3384:
3374:
3372:
3363:
3362:
3358:
3348:
3346:
3339:
3335:
3334:
3330:
3320:
3318:
3310:
3309:
3305:
3295:
3293:
3285:
3284:
3280:
3270:
3268:
3266:www.cimolai.com
3260:
3259:
3255:
3245:
3243:
3235:
3234:
3230:
3220:
3218:
3213:
3212:
3208:
3198:
3196:
3188:
3187:
3183:
3173:
3171:
3163:
3162:
3158:
3148:
3146:
3138:
3137:
3133:
3123:
3121:
3113:
3112:
3108:
3098:
3096:
3094:www.adoptica.it
3088:
3087:
3083:
3073:
3071:
3063:
3062:
3055:
3045:
3043:
3034:
3033:
3029:
3019:
3017:
3009:
3008:
3004:
2994:
2992:
2984:
2983:
2979:
2969:
2967:
2959:
2958:
2951:
2941:
2939:
2924:
2923:
2919:
2909:
2907:
2902:. 30 May 2017.
2892:
2891:
2887:
2877:
2875:
2867:
2866:
2862:
2851:
2842:
2832:
2830:
2822:
2821:
2817:
2807:
2805:
2801:
2800:
2796:
2786:
2784:
2776:
2775:
2771:
2761:
2759:
2751:
2750:
2746:
2736:
2734:
2726:
2725:
2721:
2711:
2709:
2701:
2700:
2696:
2686:
2684:
2676:
2675:
2666:
2656:
2654:
2646:
2645:
2641:
2631:
2629:
2620:
2619:
2615:
2605:
2603:
2595:
2594:
2590:
2539:
2535:
2526:
2524:
2520:
2514:
2503:
2495:
2491:
2481:
2479:
2475:
2474:
2470:
2462:
2456:
2455:
2448:
2424:
2418:
2414:
2405:
2404:
2400:
2390:
2388:
2379:
2378:
2374:
2364:
2362:
2353:
2352:
2348:
2335:
2334:
2330:
2320:
2318:
2313:
2312:
2305:
2296:
2294:
2286:
2282:
2281:
2277:
2267:
2265:
2264:on 4 March 2016
2261:
2222:
2215:
2211:
2201:
2199:
2190:
2189:
2185:
2175:
2173:
2168:
2167:
2163:
2153:
2151:
2143:
2142:
2138:
2129:
2128:
2121:
2116:. 19 June 2014.
2108:
2107:
2100:
2087:
2086:
2082:
2072:
2070:
2057:
2056:
2049:
2042:The Independent
2034:
2030:
2020:
2018:
2008:
2001:
1991:
1989:
1982:
1978:
1977:
1973:
1963:
1961:
1952:
1951:
1944:
1934:
1932:
1920:
1916:
1903:
1902:
1898:
1885:
1884:
1869:
1859:
1857:
1850:
1837:
1827:
1825:
1808:Overbye, Dennis
1805:
1801:
1797:
1792:
1697:
1690:
1687:
1678:
1675:
1666:
1663:
1654:
1647:
1638:
1631:
1622:
1619:
1608:
1605:
1596:
1593:
1582:
1579:
1566:
1561:
1558:
1530:
1525:
1522:
1510:
1505:
1502:
1489:
1484:
1481:
1471:
1466:
1462:
1449:
1444:
1441:
1429:
1424:
1421:
1409:
1404:
1400:
1388:
1379:
1368:
1362:
1348:
1339:
1335:
1328:
1256:Keck Telescopes
1185:2 x 8.4 (22.8)
1111:
1106:
1076:and 30 m/655 m
1035:
962:
960:Instrumentation
921:
919:
896:
887:
862:
826:
821:
810:adaptive optics
806:
786:
770:
768:Tertiary mirror
728:
647:
642:
630:adaptive optics
614:
594:adaptive optics
582:Keck Telescopes
566:
522:Cerro Armazones
502:
454:adaptive optics
432:Cerro Armazones
397:
373:
372:
371:
370:
369:
365:
364:
363:
329:
315:
269:
213:
208:
204:
184:
182:
154:
130:
128:
124:
121:
116:
113:
111:
109:
108:
90:Cerro Armazones
75:
50:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5968:
5958:
5957:
5952:
5947:
5942:
5937:
5922:
5921:
5909:
5897:
5885:
5873:
5850:
5849:
5847:
5846:
5834:
5821:
5818:
5817:
5815:
5814:
5807:
5806:
5805:
5798:
5791:
5777:
5776:
5775:
5768:
5761:
5754:
5740:
5733:
5726:
5719:
5712:
5705:
5704:
5703:
5689:
5682:
5675:
5666:
5659:
5652:
5645:
5638:
5635:Astrochemistry
5631:
5624:
5616:
5614:
5610:
5609:
5607:
5606:
5599:
5592:
5585:
5578:
5571:
5568:Hale Telescope
5564:
5557:
5550:
5543:
5536:
5528:
5526:
5518:
5517:
5514:
5513:
5511:
5510:
5503:
5502:
5501:
5487:
5480:
5473:
5466:
5459:
5452:
5445:
5438:
5431:
5424:
5417:
5409:
5407:
5401:
5400:
5398:
5397:
5390:
5383:
5376:
5369:
5362:
5355:
5347:
5345:
5341:
5340:
5338:
5337:
5330:
5329:
5328:
5314:
5307:
5301:Visible-light
5297:
5283:
5276:
5268:
5266:
5262:
5261:
5259:
5258:
5257:
5256:
5242:
5230:
5228:
5224:
5223:
5221:
5220:
5213:
5206:
5199:
5191:
5189:
5182:
5178:
5177:
5175:
5174:
5167:
5160:
5153:
5146:
5139:
5138:
5137:
5123:
5115:
5112:
5111:
5104:
5103:
5096:
5089:
5081:
5072:
5071:
5069:
5068:
5056:
5043:
5040:
5039:
5037:
5036:
5035:
5034:
5024:
5019:
5014:
5008:
5006:
5002:
5001:
4998:
4997:
4995:
4994:
4989:
4984:
4977:
4972:
4964:
4962:
4958:
4957:
4955:
4954:
4949:
4944:
4939:
4934:
4929:
4924:
4919:
4913:
4911:
4907:
4906:
4904:
4903:
4895:
4887:
4876:
4874:
4870:
4869:
4867:
4866:
4864:(2021–present)
4858:
4856:(2021–present)
4848:
4846:(2019–present)
4840:
4838:(2018–present)
4832:
4830:(2013–present)
4821:
4819:
4815:
4814:
4812:
4811:
4803:
4802:
4801:
4786:
4770:
4762:
4748:
4739:
4737:
4730:
4729:Space missions
4726:
4725:
4706:
4704:
4702:
4701:
4696:
4691:
4686:
4681:
4676:
4671:
4666:
4661:
4656:
4651:
4646:
4641:
4636:
4631:
4626:
4621:
4616:
4611:
4606:
4605:
4604:
4594:
4589:
4584:
4579:
4574:
4569:
4564:
4559:
4554:
4549:
4544:
4539:
4534:
4533:
4532:
4527:
4517:
4512:
4507:
4502:
4497:
4492:
4487:
4482:
4476:
4474:
4470:
4469:
4467:
4466:
4461:
4459:Exoplanetology
4455:
4452:
4451:
4444:
4443:
4436:
4429:
4421:
4412:
4411:
4409:
4408:
4397:
4394:
4393:
4391:
4390:
4385:
4383:Cerro El Roble
4380:
4374:
4372:
4366:
4365:
4363:
4362:
4357:
4352:
4346:
4341:
4331:
4329:
4323:
4322:
4320:
4319:
4318:
4317:
4312:
4301:
4299:
4297:Atacama Region
4293:
4292:
4290:
4289:
4284:
4279:
4269:
4263:
4258:
4253:
4248:
4243:
4234:
4229:
4219:
4213:
4211:
4205:
4204:
4197:
4196:
4189:
4182:
4174:
4165:
4164:
4162:
4161:
4149:
4133:
4120:
4117:
4116:
4114:
4113:
4111:Xavier Barcons
4108:
4103:
4095:
4093:
4089:
4088:
4086:
4085:
4080:
4075:
4070:
4065:
4060:
4055:
4050:
4045:
4040:
4034:
4032:
4026:
4025:
4023:
4022:
4017:
4012:
4007:
3999:
3994:
3989:
3981:
3973:
3968:
3958:
3953:
3947:
3945:
3941:
3940:
3933:
3931:
3929:
3928:
3923:
3918:
3913:
3907:
3905:
3901:
3900:
3893:
3892:
3885:
3878:
3870:
3864:
3863:
3853:
3848:
3843:
3838:
3833:
3828:
3823:
3818:
3813:
3806:
3805:External links
3803:
3801:
3800:
3779:
3754:
3733:
3708:
3697:
3675:
3654:
3628:
3617:on 9 June 2011
3602:
3581:
3560:
3539:
3518:
3497:
3476:
3451:
3430:
3401:
3382:
3356:
3328:
3303:
3278:
3253:
3228:
3206:
3181:
3156:
3131:
3106:
3081:
3053:
3027:
3002:
2977:
2949:
2917:
2885:
2860:
2840:
2815:
2794:
2778:"Safran Reosc"
2769:
2744:
2719:
2694:
2664:
2639:
2613:
2588:
2533:
2512:
2506:, p. 43,
2489:
2468:
2446:
2435:(127): 11–19.
2412:
2398:
2372:
2346:
2328:
2303:
2275:
2247:10.1086/662995
2209:
2183:
2161:
2136:
2131:"ELT Timeline"
2119:
2098:
2095:. 26 May 2017.
2080:
2047:
2028:
1999:
1971:
1942:
1914:
1896:
1867:
1835:
1798:
1796:
1793:
1791:
1790:
1789:
1788:
1783:
1778:
1773:
1772:
1771:
1761:
1760:
1759:
1745:
1740:
1735:
1730:
1725:
1719:
1714:
1709:
1704:
1698:
1696:
1693:
1692:
1691:
1688:
1681:
1679:
1676:
1669:
1667:
1664:
1657:
1655:
1648:
1641:
1639:
1632:
1625:
1623:
1620:
1613:
1610:
1609:
1606:
1599:
1597:
1594:
1587:
1584:
1583:
1580:
1564:
1562:
1559:
1528:
1526:
1523:
1508:
1506:
1503:
1487:
1485:
1482:
1469:
1467:
1463:
1447:
1445:
1442:
1427:
1425:
1422:
1407:
1405:
1401:
1386:
1381:
1380:
1342:
1340:
1333:
1327:
1324:
1294:
1293:
1289:
1288:
1286:
1283:
1280:
1277:
1270:
1269:
1267:
1264:
1261:
1258:
1252:
1251:
1249:
1246:
1243:
1240:
1233:
1232:
1230:
1227:
1224:
1221:
1214:
1213:
1211:
1208:
1205:
1202:
1195:
1194:
1192:
1189:
1186:
1183:
1176:
1175:
1173:
1170:
1167:
1164:
1157:
1156:
1154:
1151:
1148:
1145:
1138:
1137:
1135:
1132:
1129:
1126:
1120:
1119:
1116:
1113:
1108:
1103:
1034:
1031:
1030:
1029:
1019:
1009:
1008:
994:
988:
961:
958:
918:
915:
895:
892:
886:
883:
861:
858:
825:
822:
820:
817:
805:
804:Quinary mirror
802:
785:
782:
769:
766:
727:
724:
646:
645:Primary mirror
643:
641:
638:
613:
610:
565:
562:
501:
498:
450:primary mirror
436:Atacama Desert
426:. Part of the
399:
398:
391:
388:
387:
375:
374:
367:
366:
357:
356:
350:
349:
348:
347:
344:
343:
327:
323:
322:
309:
305:
304:
296:
290:
289:
281:
277:
276:
266:
260:
259:
251:
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246:
238:
234:
233:
225:
221:
220:
199:
195:
194:
179:
175:
174:
166:
162:
161:
148:
144:
143:
106:
102:
101:
87:
83:
82:
69:
65:
64:
56:
52:
51:
48:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5967:
5956:
5953:
5951:
5948:
5946:
5943:
5941:
5938:
5936:
5933:
5932:
5930:
5920:
5910:
5908:
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5896:
5886:
5884:
5879:
5874:
5872:
5862:
5861:
5858:
5844:
5835:
5832:
5823:
5822:
5819:
5812:
5808:
5803:
5799:
5796:
5792:
5789:
5785:
5784:
5782:
5778:
5773:
5769:
5766:
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5759:
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5752:
5748:
5747:
5745:
5741:
5738:
5734:
5731:
5727:
5724:
5720:
5717:
5713:
5710:
5706:
5701:
5697:
5696:
5694:
5693:Constellation
5690:
5687:
5683:
5680:
5676:
5673:
5672:
5667:
5664:
5660:
5657:
5653:
5650:
5646:
5643:
5639:
5636:
5632:
5629:
5625:
5622:
5618:
5617:
5615:
5611:
5604:
5600:
5597:
5593:
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5586:
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5579:
5576:
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5569:
5565:
5562:
5558:
5555:
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5548:
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5525:
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5488:
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5478:
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5467:
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5422:
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5415:
5411:
5410:
5408:
5406:
5402:
5395:
5391:
5388:
5384:
5381:
5377:
5374:
5370:
5367:
5363:
5360:
5356:
5353:
5349:
5348:
5346:
5344:Other methods
5342:
5335:
5331:
5326:
5322:
5321:
5319:
5315:
5312:
5308:
5305:
5298:
5293:
5288:
5284:
5281:
5280:Submillimetre
5277:
5274:
5270:
5269:
5267:
5263:
5254:
5250:
5249:
5247:
5243:
5240:
5239:Extragalactic
5236:
5232:
5231:
5229:
5225:
5218:
5214:
5211:
5207:
5204:
5203:Observational
5200:
5197:
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5183:
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5079:
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5023:
5020:
5018:
5015:
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5010:
5009:
5007:
5003:
4993:
4990:
4988:
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4978:
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4928:
4925:
4923:
4920:
4918:
4915:
4914:
4912:
4908:
4899:
4896:
4891:
4888:
4883:
4882:
4878:
4877:
4875:
4871:
4862:
4859:
4854:
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4849:
4844:
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4807:
4804:
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4771:
4766:
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4757:
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4744:
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4738:
4734:
4731:
4727:
4722:
4716:
4710:
4700:
4699:ZIMPOL/CHEOPS
4697:
4695:
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4690:
4687:
4685:
4682:
4680:
4677:
4675:
4672:
4670:
4667:
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4627:
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4607:
4603:
4600:
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4590:
4588:
4585:
4583:
4580:
4578:
4575:
4573:
4570:
4568:
4565:
4563:
4560:
4558:
4555:
4553:
4550:
4548:
4545:
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4535:
4531:
4528:
4526:
4523:
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4518:
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4508:
4506:
4503:
4501:
4498:
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4471:
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4462:
4460:
4457:
4456:
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4442:
4437:
4435:
4430:
4428:
4423:
4422:
4419:
4407:
4399:
4398:
4395:
4389:
4388:Manuel Foster
4386:
4384:
4381:
4379:
4376:
4375:
4373:
4371:
4367:
4361:
4358:
4356:
4353:
4350:
4347:
4345:
4344:Vera C. Rubin
4342:
4340:
4336:
4333:
4332:
4330:
4328:
4324:
4316:
4313:
4311:
4308:
4307:
4306:
4303:
4302:
4300:
4298:
4294:
4288:
4285:
4283:
4280:
4277:
4273:
4270:
4267:
4264:
4262:
4259:
4257:
4254:
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4242:
4238:
4235:
4233:
4230:
4227:
4223:
4220:
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4212:
4210:
4206:
4202:
4195:
4190:
4188:
4183:
4181:
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4172:
4160:
4159:
4150:
4148:
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4139:
4134:
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4122:
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4118:
4112:
4109:
4107:
4104:
4102:
4101:
4097:
4096:
4094:
4090:
4084:
4081:
4079:
4076:
4074:
4071:
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4066:
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4061:
4059:
4056:
4054:
4051:
4049:
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4044:
4041:
4039:
4036:
4035:
4033:
4027:
4021:
4018:
4016:
4013:
4011:
4008:
4003:
4000:
3998:
3995:
3993:
3990:
3985:
3982:
3977:
3974:
3972:
3969:
3966:
3962:
3959:
3957:
3954:
3952:
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3946:
3942:
3937:
3927:
3924:
3922:
3919:
3917:
3914:
3912:
3909:
3908:
3906:
3902:
3898:
3891:
3886:
3884:
3879:
3877:
3872:
3871:
3868:
3861:
3860:archive.today
3857:
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3257:
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3185:
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3160:
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3141:
3135:
3120:
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3110:
3095:
3091:
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3070:
3066:
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3016:
3012:
3006:
2991:
2987:
2981:
2966:
2962:
2956:
2954:
2937:
2933:
2932:
2927:
2926:"SENER group"
2921:
2905:
2901:
2900:
2895:
2889:
2874:
2870:
2864:
2856:
2849:
2847:
2845:
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2804:
2798:
2783:
2779:
2773:
2758:
2754:
2748:
2733:
2729:
2723:
2708:
2707:www.fogale.fr
2704:
2698:
2683:
2679:
2673:
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2669:
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2649:
2643:
2627:
2623:
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2537:
2519:
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2509:
2502:
2501:
2493:
2478:
2472:
2461:
2460:
2453:
2451:
2442:
2438:
2434:
2430:
2429:The Messenger
2423:
2416:
2408:
2402:
2386:
2382:
2376:
2360:
2359:Xavier Bacons
2356:
2350:
2342:
2338:
2332:
2316:
2310:
2308:
2292:
2285:
2279:
2260:
2256:
2252:
2248:
2244:
2240:
2236:
2232:
2228:
2221:
2213:
2197:
2193:
2187:
2171:
2165:
2150:
2146:
2140:
2132:
2126:
2124:
2115:
2111:
2105:
2103:
2094:
2090:
2084:
2068:
2064:
2060:
2054:
2052:
2043:
2039:
2032:
2017:
2013:
2006:
2004:
1988:
1981:
1975:
1959:
1955:
1949:
1947:
1931:
1927:
1923:
1918:
1910:
1906:
1900:
1892:
1888:
1882:
1880:
1878:
1876:
1874:
1872:
1855:
1848:
1846:
1844:
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1840:
1823:
1819:
1818:
1813:
1809:
1803:
1799:
1787:
1784:
1782:
1779:
1777:
1774:
1770:
1767:
1766:
1765:
1762:
1757:
1754:
1753:
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1749:
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1744:
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1736:
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1726:
1723:
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1718:
1715:
1713:
1710:
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1703:
1700:
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1629:
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1598:
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1527:
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1468:
1446:
1426:
1406:
1385:
1384:
1377:
1374:
1365:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1346:
1343:This section
1341:
1332:
1331:
1323:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1290:
1287:
1284:
1281:
1278:
1275:
1271:
1268:
1265:
1262:
1259:
1257:
1253:
1250:
1247:
1244:
1241:
1238:
1234:
1231:
1228:
1225:
1222:
1219:
1215:
1212:
1209:
1206:
1203:
1200:
1196:
1193:
1190:
1187:
1184:
1181:
1177:
1174:
1171:
1168:
1165:
1162:
1158:
1155:
1152:
1149:
1146:
1143:
1139:
1136:
1133:
1130:
1127:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1114:
1109:
1104:
1101:
1100:
1097:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1081:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1056:
1052:
1047:
1039:
1027:
1023:
1020:
1017:
1014:
1013:
1012:
1006:
1002:
998:
995:
992:
989:
986:
983:
982:
981:
978:
974:
966:
957:
953:
949:
945:
941:
939:
917:Science goals
914:
911:
907:
903:
901:
891:
882:
874:
870:
867:
857:
853:
849:
847:
842:
838:
830:
816:
813:
811:
801:
797:
795:
790:
781:
778:
774:
765:
762:
758:
756:
751:
749:
745:
740:
732:
723:
720:
718:
713:
711:
707:
698:
694:
692:
688:
683:
674:
670:
669:a telescope.
666:
664:
659:
651:
637:
635:
631:
627:
618:
609:
606:
602:
597:
595:
591:
587:
583:
579:
570:
561:
559:
554:
549:
541:
537:
533:
531:
527:
523:
519:
511:
506:
497:
495:
490:
484:
482:
478:
474:
469:
467:
463:
459:
455:
451:
448:
443:
441:
437:
433:
429:
425:
422:
421:near-infrared
418:
414:
410:
406:
395:
389:
386:
382:
376:
354:
345:
341:
336:
328:
324:
319:
313:
310:
306:
302:
297:
295:
291:
287:
282:
278:
273:
267:
265:
261:
257:
252:
248:
244:
239:
235:
231:
226:
222:
217:
211:
207:
203:
200:
196:
192:
180:
176:
172:
167:
163:
158:
152:
149:
145:
141:
135:
107:
103:
99:
95:
91:
88:
84:
79:
73:
70:
66:
62:
57:
53:
46:
41:
33:
19:
5919:Solar System
5669:
5649:Astrophysics
5628:Astrobiology
5553:
5292:Far-infrared
5246:Local system
5181:Astronomy by
5171:... in space
5064:
5051:
4979:
4967:
4879:
4850:
4824:
4777:
4694:XO Telescope
4644:Project 1640
4473:Ground-based
4355:Cerro Tololo
4335:Cerro Pachón
4305:Las Campanas
4225:
4151:
4135:
4123:
4098:
3964:
3960:
3791:. Retrieved
3782:
3770:. Retrieved
3766:
3757:
3745:. Retrieved
3736:
3724:. Retrieved
3720:
3711:
3700:
3688:. Retrieved
3678:
3666:. Retrieved
3657:
3645:. Retrieved
3641:the original
3631:
3619:. Retrieved
3615:the original
3605:
3593:. Retrieved
3584:
3572:. Retrieved
3563:
3551:. Retrieved
3542:
3530:. Retrieved
3521:
3509:. Retrieved
3500:
3488:. Retrieved
3479:
3467:. Retrieved
3463:
3454:
3442:. Retrieved
3433:
3421:. Retrieved
3417:the original
3394:
3373:. Retrieved
3368:
3359:
3347:. Retrieved
3343:
3331:
3319:. Retrieved
3315:
3306:
3294:. Retrieved
3290:
3281:
3269:. Retrieved
3265:
3256:
3244:. Retrieved
3240:
3231:
3219:. Retrieved
3209:
3197:. Retrieved
3193:
3184:
3172:. Retrieved
3168:
3159:
3147:. Retrieved
3143:
3134:
3122:. Retrieved
3118:
3109:
3097:. Retrieved
3093:
3084:
3072:. Retrieved
3068:
3044:. Retrieved
3039:
3030:
3018:. Retrieved
3014:
3005:
2993:. Retrieved
2989:
2980:
2968:. Retrieved
2964:
2940:. Retrieved
2936:the original
2929:
2920:
2908:. Retrieved
2897:
2888:
2876:. Retrieved
2872:
2863:
2831:. Retrieved
2827:
2818:
2806:. Retrieved
2797:
2785:. Retrieved
2782:Safran Reosc
2781:
2772:
2760:. Retrieved
2756:
2747:
2735:. Retrieved
2731:
2722:
2710:. Retrieved
2706:
2697:
2685:. Retrieved
2681:
2655:. Retrieved
2651:
2642:
2630:. Retrieved
2625:
2616:
2604:. Retrieved
2600:
2591:
2548:
2542:
2536:
2525:, retrieved
2518:the original
2499:
2492:
2480:. Retrieved
2471:
2458:
2432:
2428:
2415:
2401:
2389:. Retrieved
2385:the original
2375:
2363:. Retrieved
2358:
2349:
2340:
2331:
2319:. Retrieved
2295:, retrieved
2290:
2278:
2266:. Retrieved
2259:the original
2230:
2226:
2212:
2200:. Retrieved
2196:the original
2186:
2174:. Retrieved
2164:
2152:. Retrieved
2148:
2139:
2113:
2092:
2083:
2071:. Retrieved
2067:the original
2062:
2041:
2031:
2019:. Retrieved
2015:
1990:. Retrieved
1986:
1974:
1962:. Retrieved
1958:the original
1933:. Retrieved
1929:
1917:
1908:
1899:
1890:
1858:. Retrieved
1826:. Retrieved
1815:
1802:
1369:
1363:
1344:
1297:
1123:
1107:diameter (m)
1082:
1059:
1025:
1021:
1015:
1010:
1004:
1000:
996:
990:
984:
979:
975:
971:
954:
950:
946:
942:
934:
912:
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444:
438:of northern
408:
404:
402:
294:Focal length
185:26 May 2017–
181:26 May 2017–
147:Organization
5907:Outer space
5895:Spaceflight
5716:Planetarium
5373:High-energy
5359:Cosmic rays
5311:Ultraviolet
4901:(mid-2020s)
4809:(2017–2020)
4792:(2009–2018)
4784:(2008–2013)
4779:Deep Impact
4768:(2006–2013)
4746:(2003–2019)
4031:instruments
4005:(cancelled)
3793:11 February
3767:www.eso.org
3721:www.eso.org
3464:elt.eso.org
3371:(in German)
3369:www.eso.org
3344:www.eso.org
3316:www.eso.org
3241:www.eso.org
3221:21 November
3190:"M5 Mirror"
3169:www.eso.org
3165:"M4 Mirror"
3144:www.eso.org
3119:www.eso.org
3069:www.eso.org
3042:(in German)
3040:www.eso.org
2990:www.eso.org
2873:www.eso.org
2828:www.eso.org
2757:www.eso.org
2682:www.eso.org
2652:www.eso.org
2628:(in German)
2626:www.eso.org
2601:www.eso.org
2409:. phys.org.
1930:www.eso.org
1403:atmosphere.
1364:(June 2024)
1223:11.1 × 9.8
1115:First light
1060:One of the
1003:, formerly
900:dome seeing
832:ELT concept
558:first light
494:first light
129: /
105:Coordinates
86:Location(s)
5929:Categories
5709:Photometry
5686:Binoculars
5663:Astrometry
5524:telescopes
5421:Babylonian
5265:EM methods
5143:Astronomer
4092:Miscellany
3979:(national)
3944:Telescopes
3904:Facilities
3726:23 January
3375:24 January
3349:24 January
3321:24 January
3291:www.eie.it
3020:24 January
2995:24 January
2942:24 January
2878:16 January
2737:24 January
2712:24 January
2687:24 January
2657:24 January
2632:24 January
2606:23 January
2558:1808.02693
2391:24 January
2365:14 January
2202:24 January
2073:7 December
1992:16 January
1795:References
1266:1990, 1996
1204:11.1 × 9.8
1110:Collecting
1033:Comparison
1024:(formerly
938:exoplanets
885:Windscreen
553:anastigmat
117:70°11′30″W
114:24°35′21″S
5871:Astronomy
5781:Telescope
5387:Spherical
5334:Gamma-ray
5303:(optical)
5108:Astronomy
4981:Eddington
4961:Cancelled
4852:Hayabusa2
4679:SuperWASP
4669:SPECULOOS
4639:PlanetPol
4602:Australis
4464:Exoplanet
4106:ESO Hotel
4029:Telescope
3987:(project)
3423:17 August
2762:9 January
2583:119505402
2321:17 August
2255:120016246
2176:17 August
1935:9 October
1300:arcsecond
1285:1998–2000
1112:area (m²)
1055:Colosseum
744:Schott AG
682:Schott AG
663:actuators
447:segmented
308:Enclosure
5831:Category
5540:Category
5435:Egyptian
5352:Neutrino
5287:Infrared
5235:Galactic
5210:Sidewalk
5164:Glossary
5134:Timeline
5053:Category
4910:Proposed
4684:Systemic
4592:MicroFUN
4572:Magellan
4510:ESPRESSO
4406:Category
4360:La Silla
4130:Category
4048:ESPRESSO
3971:ESO 3.6m
3747:16 March
3595:16 April
3574:16 April
3553:23 April
3532:16 April
3511:16 April
3490:16 April
3011:"Safran"
2904:Archived
2899:Phys.org
2063:Spaceref
2016:BBC News
1822:Archived
1695:See also
1105:Aperture
1053:and the
866:zenithal
837:tonnes.
605:Astronet
588:and the
564:Planning
510:Garching
411:) is an
224:Diameter
165:Altitude
5857:Portals
5843:Commons
5795:history
5765:Russian
5613:Related
5522:Optical
5507:Tibetan
5491:Serbian
5484:Persian
5428:Chinese
5405:Culture
5325:History
5196:Amateur
5127:History
5120:Outline
5065:Commons
5032:nearest
5005:Related
4873:Planned
4818:Current
4806:ASTERIA
4597:MINERVA
4582:MASCARA
4577:MARVELS
4530:HARPS-N
4495:EAPSNet
4490:CORALIE
4272:Paranal
4261:NANTEN2
4158:Commons
4073:PIONIER
4043:CORALIE
3997:MPG/ESO
3846:HARMONI
3690:11 July
3668:11 July
3647:15 June
3621:15 June
3444:13 July
3174:12 July
2970:12 July
2910:14 June
2857:. SPIE.
2563:Bibcode
2527:21 June
2482:15 June
2437:Bibcode
2297:22 June
2268:22 June
2235:Bibcode
2154:13 June
2093:Reuters
2021:11 June
1964:15 June
1860:29 June
1828:8 March
1326:Gallery
1282:50 (×4)
985:HARMONI
846:Astaldi
748:Zerodur
687:Zerodur
634:Nasmyth
500:History
434:in the
417:optical
326:Website
183: (
100:, Chile
68:Part of
5811:Zodiac
5751:French
5456:Indian
5449:Hebrew
5188:Manner
4969:Darwin
4952:PEGASE
4932:LUVOIR
4917:EXCEDE
4893:(2029)
4885:(2026)
4843:CHEOPS
4789:Kepler
4776:using
4760:(2006)
4754:using
4751:SWEEPS
4674:SPHERE
4664:SOPHIE
4587:MEarth
4552:HiCIAO
4542:HATNet
4520:Geneva
4500:ELODIE
4339:Gemini
4078:SPHERE
4038:ADONIS
3836:MICADO
3772:29 May
3398:. ESO.
3296:29 May
3271:29 May
3246:29 May
3199:7 July
3149:29 May
3124:29 May
3099:29 May
3074:29 May
3046:29 May
3015:Safran
2833:29 May
2808:29 May
2787:29 May
2581:
2510:
2253:
1635:mirror
1353:or by
1220:(HET)
1201:(SALT)
1182:(LBT)
1016:MOSAIC
1001:MORFEO
997:MICADO
612:Design
584:, the
456:, six
378:
314:
212:
153:
74:
5883:Stars
5802:lists
5772:Women
5463:Inuit
5442:Greek
5380:Radar
5318:X-ray
5273:Radio
5253:Solar
4922:HabEx
4890:ARIEL
4881:PLATO
4773:EPOXI
4765:CoRoT
4654:SEEDS
4649:PARAS
4624:NESSI
4557:HIRES
4525:HARPS
4505:EPICS
4266:QUIET
4232:CLASS
4146:Space
4083:VIMOS
4058:HARPS
4053:GROND
4010:VISTA
3976:EULER
3858:(via
3841:METIS
3469:7 May
3340:(PDF)
2931:SENER
2579:S2CID
2553:arXiv
2521:(PDF)
2504:(PDF)
2463:(PDF)
2425:(PDF)
2287:(PDF)
2262:(PDF)
2251:S2CID
2223:(PDF)
1983:(PDF)
1276:(VLT)
1239:(GTC)
1229:1996
1191:2005
1163:(GMT)
1144:(TMT)
1026:HIRES
1022:ANDES
1005:MAORY
991:METIS
755:SENER
526:Chile
489:euros
477:E-ELT
440:Chile
392:[
178:Built
18:E-ELT
5533:List
5498:folk
5470:Maya
4975:EChO
4927:LIFE
4835:TESS
4826:Gaia
4743:MOST
4736:Past
4689:TrES
4659:SETI
4634:OPSP
4629:OGLE
4619:NGTS
4567:LCES
4562:KELT
4480:AAPS
4349:SOAR
4287:SWGO
4251:ASTE
4246:ALMA
4241:APEX
4068:MUSE
4063:KMOS
3984:NGTS
3956:APEX
3951:ALMA
3795:2020
3774:2017
3749:2020
3728:2020
3692:2023
3670:2023
3649:2011
3623:2011
3597:2019
3576:2019
3555:2023
3534:2019
3513:2019
3492:2019
3471:2022
3446:2015
3425:2011
3377:2017
3351:2017
3323:2017
3298:2017
3273:2017
3248:2017
3223:2020
3201:2021
3176:2023
3151:2017
3126:2017
3101:2017
3076:2017
3048:2017
3022:2017
2997:2017
2972:2023
2944:2017
2912:2024
2880:2019
2835:2017
2810:2017
2789:2017
2764:2018
2739:2017
2714:2017
2689:2017
2659:2017
2634:2017
2608:2017
2529:2014
2508:ISBN
2484:2011
2393:2018
2367:2018
2323:2011
2299:2014
2270:2014
2204:2018
2178:2011
2156:2012
2075:2014
2023:2012
1994:2011
1966:2011
1937:2023
1862:2020
1830:2024
1465:sit.
1260:10.0
1248:2007
1242:10.4
1210:2005
1188:111
1172:2029
1166:25.4
1147:30.0
1134:2028
1128:39.3
1118:Ref
1102:Name
794:INAF
403:The
335:.org
333:.eso
312:dome
58:ELT
5700:IAU
4947:OST
4756:HST
4614:N2K
4609:MOA
4547:HEK
4537:GPI
4485:APF
4282:TAO
4276:VLT
4256:HTT
4226:ELT
4217:ACT
4020:VST
4015:VLT
4002:OWL
3992:NTT
3961:ELT
2965:ESO
2571:doi
2433:127
2341:ESO
2291:ESO
2243:doi
2231:123
2114:ESO
1279:8.2
1226:79
1169:368
1150:655
1131:978
1051:VLT
717:VDL
424:ELT
409:ELT
331:elt
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