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30:
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149:(perspective projection through the Earth's center onto the polyhedral surface), which causes length distortion away from the center of each face. Instead each triangle edge of the Dymaxion map matches the scale of a partial great circle on a corresponding globe, and other points within each facet shrink toward its middle. Fuller's 1980 version of the Dymaxion map was the first definition and use of a mathematical transformation process to make the map.
22:
122:, including several examples of possible arrangements of the square and triangular pieces, and a pull-out section of one-sided magazine pages with the map faces printed on them, intended to be cut out and glued to card stock to make a three-dimensional cuboctahedron or its two-dimensional net. Fuller applied for a patent in the United States in February 1944 for the cuboctahedron projection, which was issued in January 1946.
175:
222:
More unusually, the
Dymaxion map does not have any "right way up". Fuller argued that in the universe there is no "up" and "down", or "north" and "south": only "in" and "out". Gravitational forces of the stars and planets created "in", meaning "towards the gravitational center", and "out", meaning
230:
Fuller intended the map to be unfolded in different ways to emphasize different aspects of the world. Peeling the triangular faces of the icosahedron apart in one way results in an icosahedral net that shows an almost contiguous land mass comprising all of Earth's continents – not groups of
176:
177:
255:. The awkward shape of the map may be counterintuitive to most people trying to use it. For example, the shortest route from Africa to South America is not obvious. Depending on how the map is projected, land masses and oceans are often divided into several pieces.
179:
404:
350:
magazine, the
Buckminster Fuller Institute announced the "Dymax Redux", a competition for graphic designers and visual artists to re-imagine the Dymaxion map. The competition received over 300 entries from 42 countries.
431:
178:
1351:
575:
279:. A conformal map preserves angles and local shapes from the sphere at the expense of increasing the scale distortion near the vertices of the icosahedron.
830:"This Game Anything but Child's Play : Buckminster Fuller's creation aims to fight the real enemies of mankind: starvation, disease and illiteracy"
231:
continents divided by oceans. Peeling the solid apart in a different way presents a view of the world dominated by connected oceans surrounded by land.
2322:
384:
783:
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223:"away from the gravitational center". He attributed the north-up-superior/south-down-inferior presentation of most other world maps to
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project, used Strebe's conformal variant as a projection for building a 1:1 scale representation of the Earth inside the game.
343:, a collaborative simulation game in which players attempt to solve world problems, is played on a 70-by-35-foot Dymaxion map.
490:
129:
produced a new map onto an icosahedron instead of the cuboctahedron. It depicts Earth's continents as "one island", or nearly
118:
included a photographic essay titled "Life
Presents R. Buckminster Fuller's Dymaxion World", illustrating a projection onto a
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However, the
Dymaxion map can also prove difficult to use. It is, for example, confusing to describe the four
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land masses. References today to the Fuller projection or
Dymaxion usually indicate this version.
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1203:
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100:, based on an icosahedron with a few of the triangular faces cut to avoid breaks in landmasses.
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uses an icosahedron oriented in
Dymaxion orientation, then further subdivided into hexagons.
201:
130:
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204:, Fuller claimed that his map had several advantages over other projections for world maps.
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which he also applied to several of his other inventions. In 1954, Fuller and cartographer
2003:
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Cartographica: The
International Journal for Geographic Information and Geovisualization
595:
Cartographica: The
International Journal for Geographic Information and Geovisualization
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In 2013, to commemorate the 70th anniversary of the publication of the
Dymaxion map in
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Showing the continents as "one island earth" also helped Fuller explain, in his book
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It has less distortion of relative size of areas, most notably when compared to the
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icosahedral projection, similar to the conformal projections to an octahedron by
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The
Dymaxion projection is intended for representations of the entire Earth.
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An icosahedron, the shape the world map is projected onto before unfolding
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1038:
784:"R. Buckminster Fuller: Designer of the Geodesic Dome and the World Game"
186:
126:
93:
60:
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211:; and less distortion of shapes of areas, notably when compared to the
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328:, depicting a Dymaxion map, hangs in the permanent collection of the
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240:, the journeys of early seafaring people, who were in effect using
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885:"7 Brilliant Reinventions of Buckminster Fuller's Dymaxion Map"
305:
Comparison of the Fuller projection and Strebe's Dymaxion-like
67:
in order to reduce shape and size distortion compared to other
940:"The 2,731-Person Project to Build New York City in Minecraft"
391:
982:
Dynamically generated maps based on the Dymaxion projection
359:
326:
Map (Based on Buckminster Fuller's Dymaxion Airocean World)
185:
The world flattens to a Dymaxion map as it unfolds into an
708:, Buckminster Fuller Institute, 1992, accessed 2010-07-28
630:"Exact Equations for Fuller's Map Projection and Inverse"
706:"Frequently Asked Questions About The Fuller Projection"
71:, but the interruptions are chosen to lie in the ocean.
745:"Kulturelles Erbe Köln: Johns, Jasper, Map (Weltkarte)"
720:"Directory of Map Projections: dymaxion-like conformal"
591:"Exact Transformation Equations for Fuller's World Map"
2359:
The Last Dymaxion: Buckminster Fuller’s Dream Restored
807:"Sustaining Planet Earth: Researching World Resources"
667:"Dymaxion Map Transformations - Technical White Paper"
491:"Life Presents R. Buckminster Fuller's Dymaxion World"
25:
The world on a Dymaxion projection, with 15° graticule
852:
850:
1380:
882:
860:. The Buckminster Fuller Institute. Archived from
847:
911:"H3: Uber's Hexagonal Hierarchical Spatial Index"
574:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of September 2024 (
2401:
2323:R. Buckminster Fuller and Anne Hewlett Dome Home
365:In 2020, a collaborative effort by thousands of
921:"Overview of the H3 Geospatial Indexing System"
439:largest countries and territories by total area
78:. In 1943, Fuller proposed a projection onto a
542:Cartography and Geographic Information Systems
472:, earliest known is by Leonardo da Vinci, 1514
136:
2124:
1002:
883:Campbell-Dollaghan, Kelsey (July 22, 2013).
2131:
2117:
1009:
995:
263:In 2019, Daniel "daan" Strebe developed a
2094:Map projection of the tri-axial ellipsoid
1211:
55:of the Earth's surface onto the unfolded
781:
680:"Fuller—ArcGIS Pro | Documentation"
28:
20:
908:
483:
189:net with nearly contiguous land masses.
2402:
2138:
805:Aigner, Hal (November–December 1970).
804:
627:
437:Dymaxion map of the world with the 30
96:produced an updated Dymaxion map, the
2351:Buckminster Fuller: Thinking Out Loud
2112:
2062:
1957:
1859:
1475:
1051:
990:
937:
827:
390:This icosahedral net shows connected
244:to circumnavigate this world island.
2163:Operating Manual for Spaceship Earth
588:
535:
258:
16:Polyhedral compromise map projection
1860:
13:
1016:
717:
299:Dymaxion-like conformal projection
145:, the Dymaxion map does not use a
14:
2431:
2308:Proposed Brooklyn Dodgers stadium
960:
782:Richards, Allen (May–June 1971).
125:In 1954, Fuller and cartographer
2037:Quadrilateralized spherical cube
1717:Quadrilateralized spherical cube
938:Karel, Daniel (March 10, 2022).
909:Brodsky, Isaac (June 27, 2018).
430:
403:
383:
293:
283:
173:
161:
931:
902:
876:
828:Perry, Tony (October 2, 1995).
821:
798:
775:
769:"Ausstellung "Ludwig goes Pop""
761:
737:
711:
699:
499:. 1 March 1943. pp. 41–55.
271:(1928) and to a tetrahedron by
74:The projection was invented by
63:. The resulting map is heavily
2248:Expo 67 United States Pavilion
1626:Lambert cylindrical equal-area
1052:
686:
672:
660:
628:Crider, John E. (2008-03-01).
621:
589:Gray, Robert W. (1995-10-01).
582:
536:Gray, Robert W. (1994-01-01).
529:
516:
503:
111:The March 1, 1943, edition of
1:
2074:Interruption (map projection)
1476:
749:www.kulturelles-erbe-koeln.de
476:
464:Peirce quincuncial projection
219:attempt a similar trade-off.
152:
2345:Buckminster Fuller Challenge
2318:Old Man River's City project
2293:Cloud Nine tensegrity sphere
2063:
1712:Lambert azimuthal equal-area
1508:Guyou hemisphere-in-a-square
1498:Adams hemisphere-in-a-square
669:, Kitrick, Christopher, 2018
410:Example of use illustrating
315:
7:
977:Icosahedron and Fuller maps
607:10.3138/1677-3273-Q862-1885
446:
137:Projection of each triangle
10:
2436:
972:Dymaxion Project Animation
554:10.1559/152304094782540628
460:, inspired by Fuller, 1999
376:
307:conformal projection with
143:polyhedral map projections
106:
2379:
2281:Design science revolution
2257:
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470:Polyhedral map projection
53:polyhedral map projection
33:Dymaxion projection with
2206:Dymaxion deployment unit
277:Dixon elliptic functions
275:(1965), all three using
2155:Nine Chains to the Moon
1513:Lambert conformal conic
556:(inactive 2024-09-12).
538:"Fuller's Dymaxion Map"
453:List of map projections
45:Dymaxion map projection
1646:Tobler hyperelliptical
1259:Tobler hyperelliptical
1185:Space-oblique Mercator
412:early human migrations
253:geographic coordinates
217:compromise projections
213:Gall–Peters projection
82:, which he called the
38:
26:
2265:Allegra Fuller Snyder
834:The Los Angeles Times
646:10.3138/carto.43.1.67
524:Ideas and Integrities
511:U.S. patent 2,393,676
458:Authagraph projection
309:Tissot's indicatrices
32:
24:
2338:Buckminsterfullerene
2271:Current solar income
2022:Cahill–Keyes M-shape
1882:Chamberlin trimetric
858:"DYMAX REDUX Winner"
354:The H3 hierarchical
2178:Dymaxion Chronofile
2089:Tissot's indicatrix
1990:Central cylindrical
1631:Smyth equal-surface
1533:Transverse Mercator
1382:General perspective
1137:Smyth equal-surface
1089:Transverse Mercator
967:Fuller Map homepage
809:. Mother Earth News
786:. Mother Earth News
526:(1969 ed., p. 139).
419:population genetics
249:cardinal directions
209:Mercator projection
147:gnomonic projection
35:Tissot's indicatrix
2420:1943 introductions
2410:Buckminster Fuller
2362:(2012 documentary)
2354:(1996 documentary)
2140:Buckminster Fuller
2042:Waterman butterfly
1892:Miller cylindrical
1523:Peirce quincuncial
1418:Lambert equal-area
1170:Gall stereographic
864:on 2 February 2014
726:. Mapthematics LLC
441:, roughly to scale
98:Airocean World Map
76:Buckminster Fuller
47:, also called the
39:
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1314:Lambert conformal
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1204:Pseudocylindrical
1198:
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312:
289:Fuller projection
259:Conformal variant
180:
86:, using the name
49:Fuller projection
2427:
2366:Karlis Johansons
2328:Ephemeralization
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2017:Cahill Butterfly
1955:
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1935:Goode homolosine
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1821:(Mecca or Qibla)
1702:Goode homolosine
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925:H3 documentation
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242:prevailing winds
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2371:Kenneth Snelson
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1907:Van der Grinten
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1862:By construction
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1751:Equirectangular
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1636:Trystan Edwards
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1432:Pseudoazimuthal
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1282:Winkel I and II
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1175:Gall isographic
1165:Equirectangular
1146:
1142:Trystan Edwards
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425:before present)
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371:Build the Earth
358:implemented by
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196:Though neither
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1241:
1236:
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1221:
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1199:
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1192:
1187:
1182:
1177:
1172:
1167:
1162:
1157:
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1129:
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1099:
1097:
1096:
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1080:
1078:
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1058:
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1036:
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1025:
1022:
1021:
1018:Map projection
1014:
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1006:
999:
991:
985:
984:
979:
974:
969:
962:
961:External links
959:
956:
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875:
846:
820:
797:
774:
760:
736:
710:
698:
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671:
659:
620:
581:
548:(4): 243–246.
528:
515:
502:
481:
480:
478:
475:
474:
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467:
461:
455:
448:
445:
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409:
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389:
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317:
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269:Oscar S. Adams
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184:
172:
171:
167:
160:
159:
158:
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138:
135:
108:
105:
84:Dymaxion World
37:of deformation
19:
18:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2432:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2413:
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2260:
2256:
2249:
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2243:
2240:
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2234:
2231:
2228:
2225:
2224:Geodesic dome
2222:
2219:
2216:
2213:
2210:
2207:
2204:
2201:
2198:
2195:
2192:
2191:
2189:
2185:
2179:
2176:
2173:
2172:
2171:Critical Path
2168:
2165:
2164:
2160:
2157:
2156:
2152:
2151:
2149:
2145:
2141:
2134:
2129:
2127:
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2120:
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2095:
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2068:
2061:
2057:
2043:
2040:
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2035:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2009:
2007:
2005:
2001:
1991:
1988:
1987:
1984:
1978:
1977:Stereographic
1975:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1964:
1962:
1960:
1956:
1953:
1951:
1947:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1932:
1930:
1928:
1924:
1918:
1917:Winkel tripel
1915:
1913:
1910:
1908:
1905:
1903:
1900:
1898:
1897:Natural Earth
1895:
1893:
1890:
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1677:Briesemeister
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1528:Stereographic
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1455:Winkel tripel
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1400:Stereographic
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1345:
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1343:
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1333:
1330:
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1327:
1325:
1324:Pseudoconical
1321:
1315:
1312:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1302:
1301:
1299:
1297:
1293:
1283:
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1125:
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1120:
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1115:
1113:
1110:
1109:
1107:
1105:
1101:
1095:
1092:
1090:
1087:
1085:
1082:
1081:
1079:
1076:
1072:
1069:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1050:
1046:
1040:
1037:
1035:
1032:
1030:
1027:
1026:
1023:
1019:
1012:
1007:
1005:
1000:
998:
993:
992:
989:
983:
980:
978:
975:
973:
970:
968:
965:
964:
945:
941:
934:
926:
922:
916:
912:
905:
890:
886:
879:
863:
859:
853:
851:
835:
831:
824:
808:
801:
785:
778:
770:
764:
750:
746:
740:
725:
721:
714:
707:
702:
695:
689:
681:
675:
668:
663:
655:
651:
647:
643:
639:
635:
631:
624:
616:
612:
608:
604:
600:
596:
592:
585:
577:
571:
563:
559:
555:
551:
547:
543:
539:
532:
525:
519:
512:
506:
498:
497:
492:
486:
482:
471:
468:
465:
462:
459:
456:
454:
451:
450:
440:
433:
428:
424:
421:(numbers are
420:
417:
416:mitochondrial
414:according to
413:
406:
401:
397:
393:
386:
381:
380:
374:
372:
369:players, the
368:
363:
361:
357:
352:
349:
344:
342:
337:
335:
331:
330:Museum Ludwig
327:
323:
313:
310:
296:
286:
280:
278:
274:
270:
266:
256:
254:
250:
245:
243:
239:
238:
237:Critical Path
232:
228:
226:
225:cultural bias
220:
218:
214:
210:
205:
203:
199:
188:
164:
150:
148:
144:
141:Unlike other
134:
132:
128:
123:
121:
120:cuboctahedron
117:
115:
104:
101:
99:
95:
91:
90:
85:
81:
80:cuboctahedron
77:
72:
70:
66:
62:
58:
54:
50:
46:
36:
31:
23:
2357:
2349:
2212:Dymaxion map
2211:
2200:Dymaxion car
2169:
2161:
2153:
2026:
1972:Orthographic
1503:Gauss–Krüger
1395:Orthographic
1190:Web Mercator
1084:Gauss–Krüger
947:. Retrieved
943:
933:
924:
914:
904:
892:. Retrieved
888:
878:
866:. Retrieved
862:the original
837:. Retrieved
833:
823:
811:. Retrieved
800:
788:. Retrieved
777:
763:
752:. Retrieved
748:
739:
728:. Retrieved
724:Mapthematics
723:
713:
701:
693:
688:
674:
662:
640:(1): 67–72.
637:
633:
623:
601:(3): 17–25.
598:
594:
584:
570:cite journal
545:
541:
531:
523:
518:
505:
494:
485:
394:surrounding
364:
353:
347:
345:
338:
325:
322:Jasper Johns
319:
303:
262:
246:
235:
233:
229:
221:
206:
195:
140:
124:
113:
110:
102:
97:
87:
83:
73:
48:
44:
42:
2276:Synergetics
2236:Octet truss
1950:Perspective
1738:some aspect
1722:Strebe 1995
1697:Equal Earth
1616:Gall–Peters
1598:Cylindrical
1413:Equidistant
1309:Equidistant
1239:Equal Earth
1122:Gall–Peters
1066:Cylindrical
356:global grid
251:and locate
187:icosahedron
127:Shoji Sadao
94:Shoji Sadao
65:interrupted
61:icosahedron
2404:Categories
2267:(daughter)
2230:World Game
2218:Tensegrity
2012:AuthaGraph
2004:Polyhedral
1874:Compromise
1802:Loximuthal
1794:Loxodromic
1756:Sinusoidal
1606:Balthasart
1583:Sinusoidal
1560:Sinusoidal
1543:Equal-area
1254:Sinusoidal
1212:Equal-area
1112:Balthasart
1104:Equal-area
1077:-conformal
1054:By surface
949:2024-09-03
894:21 January
868:21 January
839:19 January
813:19 January
790:19 January
754:2017-01-18
730:2022-06-19
477:References
396:Antarctica
341:World Game
324:painting,
202:equal-area
153:Properties
131:contiguous
69:world maps
2333:Fullerene
2313:Gold Dome
2084:Longitude
1912:Wagner VI
1761:Two-point
1692:Eckert VI
1687:Eckert IV
1682:Eckert II
1659:Mollweide
1654:Collignon
1621:Hobo–Dyer
1575:Bottomley
1490:Conformal
1478:By metric
1369:Azimuthal
1342:Polyconic
1337:Bottomley
1277:Wagner VI
1249:Mollweide
1234:Eckert VI
1229:Eckert IV
1224:Eckert II
1219:Collignon
1127:Hobo–Dyer
915:Uber Blog
694:Intuition
654:0317-7173
615:0317-7173
562:1050-9844
423:millennia
367:Minecraft
316:Influence
265:conformal
198:conformal
2384:Category
2303:Dymaxion
2298:Geoscope
2079:Latitude
2064:See also
2027:Dymaxion
1967:Gnomonic
1902:Robinson
1807:Mercator
1784:Gnomonic
1776:Gnomonic
1611:Behrmann
1518:Mercator
1390:Gnomonic
1372:(planar)
1347:American
1117:Behrmann
1075:Mercator
692:Fuller,
522:Fuller,
447:See also
215:. Other
116:magazine
89:Dymaxion
2389:Commons
2258:Related
1940:HEALPix
1839:Littrow
1450:Wiechel
1352:Chinese
1296:Conical
1160:Central
1155:Cassini
1132:Lambert
1029:History
927:. Uber.
889:Gizmodo
696:(1972).
377:Gallery
334:Cologne
320:A 1967
107:History
2250:(1967)
2244:(1965)
2238:(1961)
2232:(1961)
2226:(1953)
2220:(1949)
2214:(1946)
2208:(1940)
2202:(1933)
2196:(1928)
2174:(1981)
2166:(1968)
2158:(1938)
1959:Planar
1927:Hybrid
1834:Hammer
1766:Werner
1707:Hammer
1672:Albers
1588:Werner
1565:Werner
1445:Hammer
1440:Aitoff
1359:Werner
1304:Albers
1180:Miller
1039:Portal
944:Curbed
652:
613:
560:
466:, 1879
392:oceans
59:of an
2187:Other
2147:Books
1829:Craig
1746:Conic
1552:Bonne
1332:Bonne
2032:ISEA
1034:List
896:2014
870:2014
841:2014
815:2014
792:2014
650:ISSN
611:ISSN
576:link
558:ISSN
496:LIFE
360:Uber
348:Life
339:The
200:nor
114:Life
43:The
642:doi
603:doi
550:doi
332:in
57:net
2406::
942:.
923:.
913:.
887:.
849:^
832:.
747:.
722:.
648:.
638:43
636:.
632:.
609:.
599:32
597:.
593:.
572:}}
568:{{
546:21
544:.
540:.
493:.
336:.
227:.
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2125:t
2118:v
1010:e
1003:t
996:v
952:.
917:.
898:.
872:.
843:.
817:.
794:.
771:.
757:.
733:.
682:.
656:.
644::
617:.
605::
578:)
564:.
552::
398:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
