1218:
1230:
1270:
20:
1294:
1282:
1258:
391:
T. Lisker; E. K. Grebel; B. Binggeli (2006). "Virgo
Cluster Early-Type Dwarf Galaxies with the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. I. On the Possible Disk Nature of Bright Early-Type Dwarfs".
1040:
144:
are expected to destroy the disks of most dwarf spiral galaxies. Nonetheless, dwarf galaxies with spiral-like structure have been identified within the
216:
Ben Moore; Neal Katz; George Lake; Alan
Dressler; Augustus Oemler (1 February 1996). "Galaxy harassment and the evolution of clusters of galaxies".
1087:
737:
115:
110:
346:
F. D. Barazza; B. Binggeli; H. Jerjen (2002). "More evidence for hidden spiral and bar features in bright early-type dwarf galaxies".
264:
A. W. Graham; H. Jerjen; R. Guzmán (2003). "Hubble Space
Telescope Detection of Spiral Structure in Two Coma Cluster Dwarf Galaxies".
1329:
76:
It is suggested that dwarf spiral galaxies can transform into dwarf elliptical galaxies, especially in dense cluster environments.
1334:
470:
58:
1153:
1072:
453:
73:
galaxies (which may be considered transitory between spiral and irregular in terms of morphology) are very common.
1314:
1158:
885:
51:
1055:
309:
H. Jerjen; A. Kalnajs; B. Binggeli (2000). "IC3328: A "dwarf elliptical galaxy" with spiral structure".
1248:
1173:
1128:
995:
936:
832:
525:
520:
493:
774:
854:
552:
1077:
1324:
1138:
1050:
1045:
951:
847:
805:
515:
488:
1319:
1133:
1118:
1097:
1065:
724:
712:
707:
621:
586:
557:
547:
62:
636:
535:
1198:
1163:
1060:
762:
369:
332:
1193:
1143:
978:
890:
626:
510:
446:
410:
365:
328:
283:
235:
188:
140:. Strong gravitational interactions between galaxies and interactions between galaxies and
8:
1298:
956:
864:
795:
702:
687:
141:
414:
287:
239:
192:
1286:
1274:
1188:
1183:
1168:
1123:
1092:
963:
800:
752:
742:
400:
355:
318:
273:
225:
1229:
1221:
1203:
1178:
1148:
1027:
869:
859:
842:
603:
569:
530:
483:
70:
1233:
1035:
1010:
990:
985:
973:
827:
648:
581:
418:
373:
291:
243:
196:
174:
66:
1082:
1005:
697:
670:
641:
593:
439:
377:
946:
779:
682:
677:
631:
574:
137:
1308:
1102:
968:
931:
665:
653:
505:
500:
145:
35:
1262:
1000:
941:
926:
757:
542:
149:
215:
1015:
905:
895:
692:
658:
598:
478:
405:
360:
323:
278:
230:
900:
837:
39:
19:
910:
247:
422:
295:
201:
176:
125:
120:
100:
95:
85:
47:
23:
175:
J. M. Schombert; R. A. Pildis; J. A. Eder; A. Oelmer, Jr. (1995).
345:
105:
90:
390:
747:
732:
462:
43:
308:
263:
57:
Dwarf spiral galaxies, particularly the dwarf counterparts of
820:
815:
810:
767:
431:
1257:
136:
Most identified dwarf spiral galaxies are located outside
1246:
50:
masses. The galaxies may be considered a subclass of
170:
168:
166:
164:
38:. Dwarf galaxies are characterized as having low
1306:
259:
257:
161:
61:spiral galaxies, are quite rare. In contrast,
339:
1088:List of the most distant astronomical objects
447:
384:
302:
254:
454:
440:
404:
359:
322:
277:
229:
200:
18:
1307:
435:
46:), low surface brightnesses, and low
26:, an example of a dwarf spiral galaxy
16:Dwarf counterparts of spiral galaxies
13:
14:
1346:
1292:
1280:
1268:
1256:
1228:
1217:
1216:
1330:Low surface brightness galaxies
52:low-surface-brightness galaxies
42:, small diameters (less than 5
1159:Galaxy formation and evolution
1154:Galaxy color–magnitude diagram
209:
1:
155:
461:
69:, and the dwarf versions of
7:
1041:Galaxies named after people
131:
79:
10:
1351:
1335:Galaxy morphological types
1174:Gravitational microlensing
1129:Galactic coordinate system
378:10.1051/0004-6361:20020875
348:Astronomy and Astrophysics
311:Astronomy and Astrophysics
34:is the dwarf version of a
1212:
1111:
1026:
919:
878:
788:
723:
614:
469:
63:dwarf elliptical galaxies
1139:Galactic magnetic fields
952:Brightest cluster galaxy
848:Luminous infrared galaxy
1134:Galactic habitable zone
1119:Extragalactic astronomy
708:Supermassive black hole
622:Active galactic nucleus
370:2002A&A...391..823B
333:2000A&A...358..845J
886:Low surface brightness
637:Central massive object
27:
1315:Dwarf spiral galaxies
1164:Galaxy rotation curve
22:
1199:Population III stars
1194:Intergalactic travel
1144:Galactic orientation
1011:Voids and supervoids
393:Astronomical Journal
266:Astronomical Journal
181:Astronomical Journal
1189:Intergalactic stars
1078:Large quasar groups
1073:Groups and clusters
937:Groups and clusters
796:Lyman-alpha emitter
688:Interstellar medium
415:2006AJ....132..497L
288:2003AJ....126.1787G
240:1996Natur.379..613M
193:1995AJ....110.2067S
32:dwarf spiral galaxy
1184:Intergalactic dust
1169:Gravitational lens
1124:Galactic astronomy
1093:Starburst galaxies
833:blue compact dwarf
789:Energetic galaxies
753:BL Lacertae object
67:irregular galaxies
28:
1244:
1243:
1204:Galaxy X (galaxy)
1179:Illustris project
1149:Galactic quadrant
870:Wolf-Rayet galaxy
860:Green bean galaxy
855:Hot dust-obscured
806:Luminous infrared
570:Elliptical galaxy
224:(6566): 613–616.
1342:
1297:
1296:
1295:
1285:
1284:
1283:
1273:
1272:
1271:
1261:
1260:
1252:
1232:
1220:
1219:
865:Hanny's Voorwerp
775:Relativistic jet
649:Dark matter halo
456:
449:
442:
433:
432:
427:
426:
408:
406:astro-ph/0604216
388:
382:
381:
363:
361:astro-ph/0206275
343:
337:
336:
326:
324:astro-ph/0004248
306:
300:
299:
281:
279:astro-ph/0308241
272:(4): 1787–1793.
261:
252:
251:
248:10.1038/379613a0
233:
231:astro-ph/9510034
213:
207:
206:
204:
172:
142:intracluster gas
1350:
1349:
1345:
1344:
1343:
1341:
1340:
1339:
1325:Spiral galaxies
1305:
1304:
1303:
1293:
1291:
1281:
1279:
1269:
1267:
1255:
1247:
1245:
1240:
1208:
1107:
1022:
915:
874:
784:
719:
698:Galaxy filament
642:Galactic Center
610:
465:
460:
430:
389:
385:
344:
340:
307:
303:
262:
255:
214:
210:
177:"Dwarf Spirals"
173:
162:
158:
134:
82:
71:Magellanic type
17:
12:
11:
5:
1348:
1338:
1337:
1332:
1327:
1322:
1320:Dwarf galaxies
1317:
1302:
1301:
1289:
1277:
1265:
1242:
1241:
1239:
1238:
1226:
1213:
1210:
1209:
1207:
1206:
1201:
1196:
1191:
1186:
1181:
1176:
1171:
1166:
1161:
1156:
1151:
1146:
1141:
1136:
1131:
1126:
1121:
1115:
1113:
1109:
1108:
1106:
1105:
1100:
1095:
1090:
1085:
1080:
1075:
1070:
1069:
1068:
1063:
1058:
1053:
1048:
1043:
1032:
1030:
1024:
1023:
1021:
1020:
1019:
1018:
1008:
1003:
998:
996:Stellar stream
993:
988:
983:
982:
981:
976:
971:
961:
960:
959:
954:
949:
944:
934:
929:
923:
921:
917:
916:
914:
913:
908:
903:
898:
893:
888:
882:
880:
876:
875:
873:
872:
867:
862:
857:
852:
851:
850:
845:
840:
835:
825:
824:
823:
818:
813:
803:
798:
792:
790:
786:
785:
783:
782:
777:
772:
771:
770:
765:
755:
750:
745:
740:
735:
729:
727:
721:
720:
718:
717:
716:
715:
705:
700:
695:
690:
685:
683:Galactic ridge
680:
678:Galactic plane
675:
674:
673:
663:
662:
661:
651:
646:
645:
644:
634:
629:
624:
618:
616:
612:
611:
609:
608:
607:
606:
596:
591:
590:
589:
579:
578:
577:
567:
566:
565:
560:
555:
550:
540:
539:
538:
533:
528:
523:
518:
513:
508:
498:
497:
496:
491:
481:
475:
473:
467:
466:
459:
458:
451:
444:
436:
429:
428:
423:10.1086/505045
399:(2): 497–513.
383:
354:(3): 823–831.
338:
301:
296:10.1086/378166
253:
208:
202:10.1086/117669
159:
157:
154:
133:
130:
129:
128:
123:
118:
113:
108:
103:
98:
93:
88:
81:
78:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1347:
1336:
1333:
1331:
1328:
1326:
1323:
1321:
1318:
1316:
1313:
1312:
1310:
1300:
1290:
1288:
1278:
1276:
1266:
1264:
1259:
1254:
1253:
1250:
1237:
1236:
1231:
1227:
1225:
1224:
1215:
1214:
1211:
1205:
1202:
1200:
1197:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1187:
1185:
1182:
1180:
1177:
1175:
1172:
1170:
1167:
1165:
1162:
1160:
1157:
1155:
1152:
1150:
1147:
1145:
1142:
1140:
1137:
1135:
1132:
1130:
1127:
1125:
1122:
1120:
1117:
1116:
1114:
1110:
1104:
1101:
1099:
1098:Superclusters
1096:
1094:
1091:
1089:
1086:
1084:
1081:
1079:
1076:
1074:
1071:
1067:
1064:
1062:
1059:
1057:
1054:
1052:
1049:
1047:
1044:
1042:
1039:
1038:
1037:
1034:
1033:
1031:
1029:
1025:
1017:
1014:
1013:
1012:
1009:
1007:
1004:
1002:
1001:Superclusters
999:
997:
994:
992:
989:
987:
984:
980:
977:
975:
972:
970:
967:
966:
965:
962:
958:
955:
953:
950:
948:
945:
943:
940:
939:
938:
935:
933:
932:Galactic tide
930:
928:
925:
924:
922:
918:
912:
909:
907:
904:
902:
899:
897:
894:
892:
891:Ultra diffuse
889:
887:
884:
883:
881:
877:
871:
868:
866:
863:
861:
858:
856:
853:
849:
846:
844:
841:
839:
836:
834:
831:
830:
829:
826:
822:
819:
817:
814:
812:
809:
808:
807:
804:
802:
799:
797:
794:
793:
791:
787:
781:
778:
776:
773:
769:
766:
764:
761:
760:
759:
756:
754:
751:
749:
746:
744:
741:
739:
736:
734:
731:
730:
728:
726:
725:Active nuclei
722:
714:
711:
710:
709:
706:
704:
701:
699:
696:
694:
691:
689:
686:
684:
681:
679:
676:
672:
669:
668:
667:
664:
660:
657:
656:
655:
652:
650:
647:
643:
640:
639:
638:
635:
633:
630:
628:
625:
623:
620:
619:
617:
613:
605:
602:
601:
600:
597:
595:
592:
588:
585:
584:
583:
580:
576:
573:
572:
571:
568:
564:
561:
559:
556:
554:
551:
549:
546:
545:
544:
541:
537:
534:
532:
529:
527:
524:
522:
519:
517:
514:
512:
509:
507:
504:
503:
502:
499:
495:
492:
490:
487:
486:
485:
482:
480:
477:
476:
474:
472:
468:
464:
457:
452:
450:
445:
443:
438:
437:
434:
424:
420:
416:
412:
407:
402:
398:
394:
387:
379:
375:
371:
367:
362:
357:
353:
349:
342:
334:
330:
325:
320:
316:
312:
305:
297:
293:
289:
285:
280:
275:
271:
267:
260:
258:
249:
245:
241:
237:
232:
227:
223:
219:
212:
203:
198:
194:
190:
187:: 2067–2074.
186:
182:
178:
171:
169:
167:
165:
160:
153:
151:
147:
146:Virgo Cluster
143:
139:
127:
124:
122:
119:
117:
114:
112:
109:
107:
104:
102:
99:
97:
94:
92:
89:
87:
84:
83:
77:
74:
72:
68:
64:
60:
55:
53:
49:
45:
41:
37:
36:spiral galaxy
33:
25:
21:
1299:Solar System
1234:
1222:
957:fossil group
879:Low activity
713:Ultramassive
562:
543:Dwarf galaxy
526:intermediate
521:grand design
396:
392:
386:
351:
347:
341:
314:
310:
304:
269:
265:
221:
217:
211:
184:
180:
150:Coma Cluster
135:
75:
56:
40:luminosities
31:
29:
1287:Outer space
1275:Spaceflight
1016:void galaxy
979:cannibalism
964:Interacting
920:Interaction
906:Blue Nugget
896:Dark galaxy
801:Lyman-break
693:Protogalaxy
659:Disc galaxy
317:: 845–849.
1309:Categories
1056:Polar-ring
901:Red nugget
843:faint blue
703:Spiral arm
558:spheroidal
548:elliptical
531:Magellanic
516:flocculent
484:Lenticular
471:Morphology
156:References
59:Sa-Sc type
991:Satellite
986:Jellyfish
974:collision
911:Dead disk
828:Starburst
743:Markarian
615:Structure
582:Irregular
553:irregular
1223:Category
1112:See also
1036:Galaxies
763:X-shaped
594:Peculiar
536:unbarred
494:unbarred
463:Galaxies
138:clusters
132:Location
126:NGC 5949
121:NGC 2188
116:NGC 1311
111:NGC 1051
101:NGC 3928
96:NGC 6503
86:NGC 5474
80:Examples
65:, dwarf
48:hydrogen
24:NGC 5474
1249:Portals
1083:Quasars
1051:Nearest
1046:Largest
947:cluster
780:Seyfert
411:Bibcode
366:Bibcode
329:Bibcode
284:Bibcode
236:Bibcode
189:Bibcode
106:NGC 625
91:NGC 247
1235:Portal
1066:Spiral
969:merger
748:Quasar
733:Blazar
671:corona
587:barred
563:spiral
511:barred
506:anemic
501:Spiral
489:barred
218:Nature
1263:Stars
1103:Voids
1028:Lists
1006:Walls
942:group
927:Field
821:ELIRG
816:HLIRG
811:ULIRG
768:DRAGN
758:Radio
738:LINER
632:Bulge
604:Polar
401:arXiv
356:arXiv
319:arXiv
274:arXiv
226:arXiv
1061:Ring
666:Halo
654:Disc
599:Ring
479:Disc
148:and
838:pea
627:Bar
419:doi
397:132
374:doi
352:391
315:358
292:doi
270:126
244:doi
222:379
197:doi
185:110
44:kpc
1311::
575:cD
417:.
409:.
395:.
372:.
364:.
350:.
327:.
313:.
290:.
282:.
268:.
256:^
242:.
234:.
220:.
195:.
183:.
179:.
163:^
152:.
54:.
30:A
1251::
455:e
448:t
441:v
425:.
421::
413::
403::
380:.
376::
368::
358::
335:.
331::
321::
298:.
294::
286::
276::
250:.
246::
238::
228::
205:.
199::
191::
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
