26:
167:, and police commissioner Leen Schaap stated their joint intention to clear roughly 200 of 300 squats in Amsterdam, and to treat squatting as a criminal offence. There were estimated to be 1,500 squatters in Amsterdam. Sociologist E.T.C. Dee observes that there was a moral panic generated in the Dutch media regarding three accusations made by the police concerning booby traps and weapons caches in the squats of Amsterdam. Thus the squatters' movement was seen as increasingly violent and needing to be regulated.
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On the day itself, there was a demonstration in
Amsterdam numbering 100–300 people by various estimates. As evening came, a riot began. The police charged the demonstration and protesters responded by throwing stones and vandalising cars. The police used tear gas and eleven squatters were arrested.
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On 28 October 2011, the
Supreme Court of the Netherlands decided that the legally forced end of squatting can only occur after an intervention of a judge. The Dutch government assessed the effectiveness of the new law in 2015, releasing a report giving statistics on arrests and convictions between
226:
called for stricter treatment of squatters in 2019. That year in
Amsterdam, 74 squats had been officially recorded, of which 67 had been evicted. Squatters marked the ten year anniversary of the squatting ban on 1 October 2020 in a national campaign placing banners and posters on long-term empty
180:
92:
ruled that the legally forced end of squatting can only occur after an intervention of a judge. Between
October 2010 and December 2014, 529 people were arrested for the act of occupying derelict buildings, in 213 separate incidents as a result of which 39 people were jailed.
219:
October 2010 and
December 2014. During this time period, 529 people have been arrested for the act of occupying derelict buildings in 213 separate incidents. Of the 529 arrests, 210 were found guilty. Of those convicted, 39 people were imprisoned for the new offence.
197:
in protest. In a press release, the squatters announced on 30 September that they would be handing the building at 99 Weesperzijde over to tenants arranged by the landlord. On the last weekend in
September, squatters had camped out on the
128:, were not in favour. Representatives of the four largest Dutch cities wrote a letter stating that it would not be in their interests to proceed with a ban. Squatters nationwide made banners, hanging them on their squats in protest.
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Squatting became a criminal offence at midnight on 1 October 2010, passing from the civil courts to the criminal courts. In
Amsterdam, squatters had previously occupied the former headquarters of the Dutch
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72:
illegal. Criminalization had first been proposed in the 1970s, but was opposed by the
Council of Churches. In 2006, a new plan was proposed and backed by parties including
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647:
Dee, E.T.C. (2016). "The
Production of Squatters as Folk Devils: Analysis of a Moral Panic that Facilitated the Criminalization of Squatting in the Netherlands".
459:
Dee, E.T.C. (2016). "The
Production of Squatters as Folk Devils: Analysis of a Moral Panic that Facilitated the Criminalization of Squatting in the Netherlands".
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Two police officers and three police horses were injured. Protesters built ad hoc street barricades from metal fences and bicycles. There was also a riot in
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places. In Utrecht, a banner was hung at a building on Burgemeester Reigerstraat where residents had been evicted in 2019.
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on 1 June 2010, and became law on 1 October 2010. The penalty is one year's imprisonment or more, if violence is involved.
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80:. When the new law was introduced, squatters occupied the former head office of the fire brigade and there were riots in
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In 1978, the Council of Churches launched a protest which scotched a proposal to criminalise squatting.
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683:"The vacancy crunch: The current housing crisis in the Netherlands and the repression of squatting"
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525:"Krakers dragen voormalig kantoor brandweer Amsterdam over aan huurders"
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proposed a plan to criminalise squatting. Other ministers, such as
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Overal in het land hangen spandoeken op (voormalige) kraakpanden.
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Protesters confront police in Amsterdam over the squatting ban
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315:"Veroordeling wegens harde actie staat niet zo mooi op je cv"
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Actie Comité Amsterdamse Boefjes (30 September 2010).
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555:[Agents, horses and squatters wounded].
498:"Oud-hoofdkantoor brandweer Amsterdam gekraakt"
269:Letter to Minister Dekker from four main cities
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64:) introduced on 1 October 2010, under which
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344:"Landelijke spandoekenaktie kraakverbod"
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408:"BBC News report on squatter protests"
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350:from the original on 13 December 2013
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288:"Grote steden tegen verbod op kraken"
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553:"Agenten, paarden en krakers gewond"
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504:(in Dutch). ANP. 26 September 2010
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440:from the original on 27 April 2014
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708:Koops, Ruben (17 December 2019).
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414:from the original on 31 July 2015
184:Riot police charging protesters (
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888:Amsterdamsestraatweg Water Tower
90:Supreme Court of the Netherlands
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381:. 30 April 1980. Archived from
313:van Keken, Kim (16 June 2006).
620:Vugts, Paul (4 October 2010).
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144:. Backed by the leader of the
1:
741:De Utrechtse Internet Courant
661:10.1080/01639625.2016.1145019
589:"Squatters riot in Amsterdam"
473:10.1080/01639625.2016.1145019
410:. Bbc.co.uk. 2 October 2010.
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140:party, were vocal critics of
136:Several parties, notably the
1131:Squatting in the Netherlands
793:Squatting in the Netherlands
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66:squatting in the Netherlands
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735:Redactie (1 October 2020).
156:on 15 October 2009 and the
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995:Amsterdam coronation riots
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685:. CNS Blog. 14 May 2016.
622:"Strijd krakers verhardt"
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913:Mellow Yellow coffeeshop
434:"Squatting in Amsterdam"
290:. Nu.nl. 16 March 2010.
246:. Nu.nl. 16 March 2010.
244:"Kraken wordt strafbaar"
222:The mayor of Amsterdam,
202:overnight as a protest.
154:House of Representatives
112:In June 2006, ministers
39:1 October 2010
1136:2010 in the Netherlands
62:Wet Kraken en Leegstand
1126:Law of the Netherlands
274:8 October 2010 at the
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974:Eurodusnie Collective
436:. DutchAmsterdam.nl.
186:original size version
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165:Eberhard van der Laan
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214:Post-criminalization
1015:Piersonstraat riots
1005:Dutch squatting ban
56:refers to the law (
54:Dutch squatting ban
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19:Dutch squatting ban
1020:Vondelstraat riots
800:(Legalized) squats
597:. 2 October 2010.
565:. 1 October 2010.
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162:Mayor of Amsterdam
126:Alexander Pechtold
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105:Squatting ban sign
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1000:Death of Hans Kok
385:on 3 October 2020
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979:We Are Here
962:Collectives
903:Entrepotdok
852:Poortgebouw
817:Grote Broek
693:7 September
594:Stuff.co.nz
1146:2010 riots
1120:Categories
716:(in Dutch)
714:Het Parool
628:(in Dutch)
626:Het Parool
558:AT5 Nieuws
502:Het Parool
321:(in Dutch)
231:References
200:Dam Square
43:2010-10-01
1051:Squatting
918:Slaakhuis
867:Vrankrijk
862:Tetterode
751:3 October
720:3 October
669:147421606
632:3 October
563:Amsterdam
534:3 October
529:Kraakmeer
508:3 October
481:147421606
325:3 October
171:Reactions
142:squatting
120:from the
82:Amsterdam
1071:Category
1041:Infoshop
1036:Freeshop
857:Ruigoord
812:Effenaar
745:Archived
687:Archived
599:Archived
567:Archived
444:27 April
438:Archived
418:27 April
412:Archived
389:27 April
379:NBC News
354:27 April
348:Archived
298:27 April
292:Archived
272:Archived
254:27 April
248:Archived
208:Nijmegen
86:Nijmegen
1087:Commons
933:Valreep
97:History
70:de jure
68:became
41: (
988:Events
667:
573:16 May
479:
158:Senate
953:Wyers
938:Vloek
928:Ubica
893:ASCII
847:OT301
842:OCCII
832:Moira
665:S2CID
477:S2CID
58:Dutch
837:NDSM
753:2020
722:2020
695:2016
634:2020
607:2011
575:2012
536:2020
510:2020
446:2014
420:2014
391:2014
356:2014
327:2020
300:2014
256:2014
116:and
84:and
76:and
52:The
36:Date
948:WNC
883:ADM
807:ACU
657:doi
469:doi
146:PVV
138:VVD
78:PVV
74:VVD
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