Duke Ellington - Knowledge

1065:, originally hired as a lyricist, began his association with Ellington in 1939. Nicknamed "Sweet Pea" for his mild manner, Strayhorn soon became a vital member of the Ellington organization. Ellington showed great fondness for Strayhorn and never failed to speak glowingly of the man and their collaborative working relationship, "my right arm, my left arm, all the eyes in the back of my head, my brain waves in his head, and his in mine". Strayhorn, with his training in classical music, not only contributed his original lyrics and music but also arranged and polished many of Ellington's works, becoming a second Ellington or "Duke's doppelgänger". It was not uncommon for Strayhorn to fill in for Duke, whether in conducting or rehearsing the band, playing the piano, on stage, and in the recording studio. The decade ended with a very successful European tour in 1939 just as World War II loomed in Europe. 1469: 1074: 1848: 1685: 6440: 558: 44: 1243:, leading to an increase in royalties paid to musicians, had a severe effect on the financial viability of the big bands, including Ellington's Orchestra. His income as a songwriter ultimately subsidized it. Although he always spent lavishly and drew a respectable income from the orchestra's operations, the band's income often just covered expenses. However, in 1943 Ellington asked Webster to leave; the saxophonist's personality made his colleagues anxious and the saxophonist was regularly in conflict with the leader. 1268: 1397:

The band assembled the next day to re-record several numbers with the addition of the faked sound of a crowd, none of which was disclosed to purchasers of the album. Not until 1999 was the concert recording properly released for the first time. The revived attention brought about by the Newport appearance should not have surprised anyone, Johnny Hodges had returned the previous year, and Ellington's collaboration with Strayhorn was renewed around the same time, under terms more amenable to the younger man.

742: 644:, an all–African-American revue which introduced European audiences to African-American styles and performers. Duke Ellington and his Kentucky Club Orchestra grew to a group of ten players; they developed their own sound via the non-traditional expression of Ellington's arrangements, the street rhythms of Harlem, and the exotic-sounding trombone growls and wah-wahs, high-squealing trumpets, and saxophone blues licks of the band members. For a short time, soprano saxophonist and clarinetist 222: 10359: 10352: 702:(and its subsidiary, Perfect), the ARC/Plaza group of labels (Oriole, Domino, Jewel, Banner) and their dime-store labels (Cameo, Lincoln, Romeo), Hit of the Week, and Columbia's cheaper labels (Harmony, Diva, Velvet Tone, Clarion), labels that gave Ellington popular recognition. On OKeh, his records were usually issued as The Harlem Footwarmers. In contrast, the Brunswicks were usually issued as The Jungle Band. Whoopee Makers and the Ten BlackBerries were other pseudonyms. 2106: 1716:. He created a jazz Christian liturgy. Although the work received mixed reviews, Ellington was proud of the composition and performed it dozens of times. This concert was followed by two others of the same type in 1968 and 1973, known as the Second and Third Sacred Concerts. Many saw the Sacred Music suites as an attempt to reinforce commercial support for organized religion. However, Ellington simply said it was "the most important thing I've done". The 1816: 1968: 1050: 2026:. 'I've been waiting for someone to ask us!' Ellington exclaimed. On the day of the concert, Ellington accidentally mixed up the venues and drove to USC instead. He eventually arrived at the UCLA campus and, to apologize for his tardiness, played to the packed crowd for more than four hours. And so, "Sir Duke" and his group played the first-ever jazz performance in a concert venue. 5387: 5361: 322:, "the most significant composer of the genre", Ellington himself embraced the phrase "beyond category", considering it a liberating principle, and referring to his music as part of the more general category of American Music. Ellington was known for his inventive use of the orchestra, or big band, as well as for his eloquence and charisma. He was awarded a posthumous 1098:, then leading a big band, that Ellington was the only rival he would leave Wilson for. He was the orchestra's first regular tenor saxophonist and increased the size of the sax section to five for the first time. Much influenced by Johnny Hodges, he often credited Hodges with showing him "how to play my horn". The two men sat next to each other in the orchestra. 5391: 5365: 1375:" comprised two tunes that had been in the band's book since 1937. Ellington, who had abruptly ended the band's scheduled set because of the late arrival of four key players, called the two tunes as the time was approaching midnight. Announcing that the two pieces would be separated by an interlude played by tenor saxophonist 1961:. The coin is part of the U.S. Mint's program honoring the District and the U.S. territories and celebrates Ellington's birthplace in the District of Columbia. Ellington is depicted on the quarter seated at a piano, sheet music in hand, along with the inscription "Justice for All", which is the District's motto. 1042:. Mills, though, continued to record Ellington. After only a year, his Master and Variety labels (the small groups had recorded for the latter) collapsed in late 1937. Mills placed Ellington back on Brunswick and those small group units on Vocalion through to 1940. Well-known sides continued to be recorded, " 1859:

In 1938, he left his family (his son was 19) and moved in with Beatrice "Evie" Ellis, a Cotton Club employee. Their relationship, though stormy, continued after Ellington met and formed a relationship with Fernanda de Castro Monte in the early 1960s. Ellington supported both women for the rest of his

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Musicians enlisting in the military and travel restrictions made touring difficult for the big bands, and dancing became subject to a new tax, which continued for many years, affecting the choices of club owners. By the time World War II ended, the focus of popular music was shifting towards singing

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on January 23, 1943, beginning an annual series of Ellington concerts at the venue over the next four years. While some jazz musicians had played at Carnegie Hall before, none had performed anything as elaborate as Ellington's work. Unfortunately, starting a regular pattern, Ellington's longer works

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Ellington's long-term aim, though, was to extend the jazz form from that three-minute limit, of which he was an acknowledged master. While he had composed and recorded some extended pieces before, such works now became a regular feature of Ellington's output. In this, he was helped by Strayhorn, who

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from New Jersey, who encouraged Ellington's ambition to become a professional musician. Ellington built his music business through his day job. When a customer asked him to make a sign for a dance or party, he would ask if they had musical entertainment; if not, Ellington would offer to play for the

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Ellington started sneaking into Frank Holiday's Poolroom at age fourteen. Hearing the music of the poolroom pianists ignited Ellington's love for the instrument, and he began to take his piano studies seriously. Among the many piano players he listened to were Doc Perry, Lester Dishman, Louis Brown,

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At the age of seven, Ellington began taking piano lessons from Marietta Clinkscales. Daisy surrounded her son with dignified women to reinforce his manners and teach him elegance. His childhood friends noticed that his casual, offhand manner and dapper dress gave him the bearing of a young nobleman,

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The writing and playing of music is a matter of intent... You can't just throw a paintbrush against the wall and call whatever happens art. My music fits the tonal personality of the player. I think too strongly in terms of altering my music to fit the performer to be impressed by accidental music.

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that would become the best-selling LP of Ellington's career. Much of the music on the LP was, in effect, simulated, with only about 40% actually from the concert itself. According to Avakian, Ellington was dissatisfied with aspects of the performance and felt the musicians had been under-rehearsed.

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in St Louis. The short-lived Blanton transformed the use of double bass in jazz, allowing it to function as a solo/melodic instrument rather than a rhythm instrument alone.Terminal illness forced him to leave by late 1941 after around two years. Ben Webster's principal tenure with Ellington spanned

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For agent Mills, the attention was a publicity triumph, as Ellington was now internationally known. On the band's tour through the segregated South in 1934, they avoided some of the traveling difficulties of African Americans by touring in private railcars. These provided accessible accommodations,

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His longer pieces had already begun to appear. Ellington had composed and recorded "Creole Rhapsody" as early as 1931 (issued as both sides of a 12" record for Victor and both sides of a 10" record for Brunswick). A tribute to his mother, "Reminiscing in Tempo", took four 10" 78rpm record sides to

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Although trumpeter Bubber Miley was a member of the orchestra for only a short period, he had a major influence on Ellington's sound. As an early exponent of growl trumpet, Miley changed the sweet dance band sound of the group to one that was hotter, which contemporaries termed Jungle Style, which

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Ellington moved out of his parents' home and bought his own as he became a successful pianist. At first, he played in other ensembles, and in late 1917 formed his first group, "The Duke's Serenaders" ("Colored Syncopators", his telephone directory advertising proclaimed). He was also the group's

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Although it had sold-out performances and received positive reviews, it ran for only 122 performances until September 29, 1941, with a brief revival in November of that year. Its subject matter did not make it appealing to Broadway; Ellington had unfulfilled plans to take it there. Despite this

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was forced to disband his whole ensemble and work as an octet for a time, Ellington was able to tour most of Western Europe between April 6 and June 30, 1950, with the orchestra playing 74 dates over 77 days. During the tour, according to Sonny Greer, Ellington did not perform the newer works.

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suggested him and Mills arranged an audition. Ellington had to increase from a six to 11-piece group to meet the requirements of the Cotton Club's management for the audition, and the engagement finally began on December 4. With a weekly radio broadcast, the Cotton Club's exclusively white and

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Ellington composed incessantly to the very last days of his life. Music was indeed his mistress; it was his total life and his commitment to it was incomparable and unalterable. In jazz he was a giant among giants. And in twentieth century music, he may yet one day be recognized as one of the

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during 1924–26, Ellington's signing with Mills allowed him to record prolifically. However, sometimes he recorded different versions of the same tune. Mills regularly took a co-composer credit. From the beginning of their relationship, Mills arranged recording sessions on nearly every label,

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Ellington led the orchestra by conducting from the keyboard using piano cues and visual gestures; very rarely did he conduct using a baton. By 1932 his orchestra consisted of six brass instruments, four reeds, and a rhythm section of four players. As the leader, Ellington was not a strict

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disciplinarian; he maintained control of his orchestra with a combination of charm, humor, flattery, and astute psychology. A complex, private person, he revealed his feelings to only his closest intimates. He effectively used his public persona to deflect attention away from himself.

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educates talented students who are considering careers in the arts by providing art instruction and academic programs to prepare students for post-secondary education and professional careers. In 1974, the District renamed the Calvert Street Bridge, originally built in 1935, as the

948:; Ellington received an ovation when he walked on stage. They were one of 13 acts on the bill and were restricted to eight short numbers; the booking lasted until June 24. The British visit saw Ellington win praise from members of the serious music community, including composer 1054: 1051: 920:" (1932) among other recordings. Sonny Greer had been providing occasional vocals and continued to do in a cross-talk feature with Anderson. Radio exposure helped maintain Ellington's public profile as his orchestra began to tour. The other 78s of this era include: " 271:. A master at writing miniatures for the three-minute 78 rpm recording format, Ellington wrote or collaborated on more than one thousand compositions; his extensive body of work is the largest recorded personal jazz legacy, and many of his pieces have become 4852:, pp. 41–42. Giddins says that Ellington was denied the 1965 Music Pulitzer because the jury commended him for his body of work rather than for a particular composition. Still, his posthumous Pulitzer was granted precisely for that life-long body of work. 294:, whom he called his writing and arranging companion. With Strayhorn, he composed multiple extended compositions, or suites, as well as many short pieces. For a few years at the beginning of Strayhorn's involvement, Ellington's orchestra featured bassist 5435:

The United States Mint launched a new coin Tuesday featuring jazz legend Duke Ellington, making him the first African American to appear by himself on a circulating U.S. coin. The coin was issued to celebrate Ellington's birthplace, the District of

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and another at the prestigious Exclusive Club in Harlem. This was followed in September 1923 by a move to the Hollywood Club (at 49th and Broadway) and a four-year engagement, which gave Ellington a solid artistic base. He was known to play the

1053: 1379:, Ellington proceeded to lead the band through the two pieces, with Gonsalves' 27-chorus marathon solo whipping the crowd into a frenzy, leading the Maestro to play way beyond the curfew time despite urgent pleas from festival organizer 1709:"commemorating the centennial year of his birth, in recognition of his musical genius, which evoked aesthetically the principles of democracy through the medium of jazz and thus made an indelible contribution to art and culture." 939:

While Ellington's United States audience remained mainly African-American in this period, the orchestra had a significant following overseas. They traveled to England and Scotland in 1933, as well as France (three concerts at the

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From 1936, Ellington began to make recordings with smaller groups (sextets, octets, and nonets) drawn from his then-15-man orchestra. He composed pieces intended to feature a specific instrumentalist, such as "Jeep's Blues" for

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so they began calling him "Duke". Ellington credited his friend Edgar McEntee for the nickname: "I think he felt that in order for me to be eligible for his constant companionship, I should have a title. So he called me Duke."

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proliferated nationwide, spreading the gospel of swing. Ellington's band could certainly swing, but their strengths were mood, nuance, and richness of composition, hence his statement "jazz is music, the swing is business".

466:, where he vacationed with his mother during the summer. He would sometimes hear strange music played by those who could not afford much sheet music, so for variations, they played the sheets upside down. Henry Lee Grant, a 627:. They renamed themselves The Washingtonians. Snowden left the group in early 1924, and Ellington took over as bandleader. After a fire, the club was re-opened as the Club Kentucky (often referred to as the Kentucky Club). 1945:

that appears above the lettering "Duke Ellington". In 2010 the triangular park, across the street from Duke Ellington's birth site, at the intersection of New Hampshire and M Streets NW, was named the Duke Ellington Park.

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near West 106th Street. His sister Ruth, who managed his publishing company, also lived there, and his son Mercer lived next door. After his death, West 106th Street was officially renamed Duke Ellington Boulevard.

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He was now performing worldwide and spent a significant part of each year on overseas tours. As a consequence, he formed new working relationships with artists from around the world, including the Swedish vocalist

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in July 1956 led to a major revival and regular world tours. Ellington recorded for most American record companies of his era, performed in and scored several films, and composed a handful of stage musicals.

1260:. As the cost of hiring big bands had increased, club owners now found smaller jazz groups more cost-effective. Some of Ellington's new works, such as the wordless vocal feature "Transblucency" (1946) with 908:

Ellington signed exclusively to Brunswick in 1932 and stayed with them through to late 1936 (albeit with a short-lived 1933–34 switch to Victor when Irving Mills temporarily moved his acts from Brunswick).

653:, whose styles differed from Bechet's New Orleans-influenced playing. It was mainly Bechet's unreliability—he was absent for three days in succession—which made his association with Ellington short-lived. 648:

played with them, reportedly becoming the dominant personality in the group, with Sonny Greer saying Bechet "fitted out the band like a glove". His presence resulted in friction with Miley and trombonist

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issued a coin with Duke Ellington on it, making him the first African American to appear by himself on a circulating U.S. coin. Ellington appears on the reverse (tails) side of the District of Columbia

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in 1965. However, no prize was ultimately awarded that year. Then 66 years old, he joked: "Fate is being kind to me. Fate doesn't want me to be famous too young." In 1999, he was posthumously awarded a

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released in 1930, which features the orchestra playing "Old Man Blues" in an extended ballroom scene. That year, Ellington and his Orchestra connected with a whole different audience in a concert with

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wealthy clientele poured in nightly to see them. At the Cotton Club, Ellington's group performed all the music for the revues, which mixed comedy, dance numbers, vaudeville, burlesque, music, and

1166:". Ellington and his associates wrote for an orchestra of distinctive voices displaying tremendous creativity. The commercial recordings from this era were re-issued in the three-CD collection, 3408: 840:, with the consequent alteration of the harmonic character of his music, it's broadening, The deepening of his resources. It has become customary to ascribe the classical influences upon Duke— 1503:, in which Ellington appeared fronting a roadhouse combo. Film historians have recognized the score "as a landmark—the first significant Hollywood film music by African Americans comprising 9158: 1052: 3435: 365:

When Ellington was a child, his family showed racial pride and support in their home, as did many other families. African Americans in D.C. worked to protect their children from the era's

2031: 1867:, whom she met when he sang at her brother's funeral. As an adult, son Mercer Ellington (d. 1996) played trumpet and piano, led his own band, and worked as his father's business manager. 5626: 2060:. Mercer Ellington had been handling all administrative aspects of his father's business for several decades. Mercer's children continue a connection with their grandfather's work. 896:

and Duke Ellington. Unfortunately, Bach is dead, Delius is very ill but we are happy to have with us today The Duke". Ellington's first period at the Cotton Club concluded in 1931.

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said: "Duke Ellington lived long enough to hear himself named among our best composers. And since his death in 1974, it has become not at all uncommon to see him named, along with

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offered to direct. At one performance, Garfield insisted that Herb Jeffries, who was light-skinned, should wear makeup. Ellington objected in the interval and compared Jeffries to

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In the early 1960s, Ellington embraced recording with artists who had been friendly rivals in the past or were younger musicians who focused on later styles. The Ellington and

1451:, were products of the renewed impetus which the Newport appearance helped to create. However, the latter work was not commercially issued at the time. The late 1950s also saw 993:'s began to receive widespread attention. Swing dancing became a youth phenomenon, particularly with white college audiences, and danceability drove record sales and bookings. 7338: 1823:

Ellington married his high school sweetheart, Edna Thompson (d. 1967), on July 2, 1918, when he was 19. The next spring, on March 11, 1919, Edna gave birth to their only son,

5457: 599:. After the young musicians left the Sweatman Orchestra to strike out on their own, they found an emerging jazz scene that was highly competitive with difficult inroad. They 10811: 7261: 334:

Ellington was born on April 29, 1899, to James Edward Ellington and Daisy (née Kennedy) Ellington in Washington, D.C. Both his parents were pianists. Daisy primarily played

10871: 10124: 7003: 497:. He started to play gigs in cafés and clubs in and around Washington, D.C. His attachment to music was so strong that in 1916 he turned down an art scholarship to the 1941:

In 1989, a bronze plaque was attached to the newly named Duke Ellington Building at 2121 Ward Place NW. In 2012, the new owner of the building commissioned a mural by

1135:(who replaced Jeffries in 1943) continued until 1951. Ivie Anderson left in 1942 for health reasons after 11 years, the longest term of any of Ellington's vocalists. 350:, on April 15, 1879, and in 1886, moved to D.C. with his parents. Daisy Kennedy was born in Washington, D.C., on January 4, 1879, the daughter of two former American 1113:. Additionally, Nance added violin to the instrumental colors Ellington had at his disposal. Recordings exist of Nance's first concert date on November 7, 1940, at 10205: 9227: 7531: 2838: 917: 427:" (also known as the "Poodle Dog Rag"). He created the piece by ear, as he had not yet learned to read and write music. "I would play the 'Soda Fountain Rag' as a 5362:"Program and Invitation entitled "the Dedication of the Birth Site of Edward Kennedy 'Duke' Ellington" at 2129 Ward Place, N.W., Washington, D.C., April 29, 1989" 1035:. In the summer of that year, his father died, and due to many expenses, Ellington's finances were tight. However, his situation improved in the following years. 10786: 9174: 1222:. The change was reverted. The singer later commented that the audience must have thought he was an entirely different character in the second half of the show. 7254: 10801: 3950: 9938: 9680: 10826: 7247: 2196:, an award-winning 1981 musical revue, incorporated many tunes from Ellington's repertoire. A second Broadway musical interpolating Ellington's music, 5020: 3397: 10866: 10666: 10593: 1830:

Ellington was joined in New York City by his wife and son in the late 1920s, but the couple soon permanently separated. According to her obituary in

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has a vocal version of this piece, "You Swing Baby (The Duke)", with lyrics by Iola Brubeck, Dave Brubeck's wife. It is performed as a duet between

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at the end of each performance. The group was initially called Elmer Snowden and his Black Sox Orchestra and had seven members, including trumpeter

3969: 3217: 777:". An alcoholic, Miley had to leave the band before they gained wider fame. He died in 1932 at the age of 29, but he was an important influence on 630:

Ellington then made eight records in 1924, receiving composing credit on three including "Choo Choo". In 1925, Ellington contributed four songs to

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in Ontario, Canada, which opened on July 29, 1963. Langham has used it for several subsequent productions, including a much later adaptation by

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But Duke merely lifts his finger, three horns make a sound, and I don't know what it is!" However, by 1955, after three years of recording for

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can stand in front of a thousand fiddles and a thousand brass and make a dramatic gesture and every studio arranger can nod his head and say,

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His compositions have been revisited by artists and musicians worldwide as sources of inspiration and a bedrock of their performing careers:

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music, that is, music whose source is not visible or implied by action in the film, like an on-screen band." The score avoided the cultural

10681: 10198: 10089: 10001: 7666: 7194: 7145: 6667: 6583: 447:", Ellington recalled. "Listeners never knew it was the same piece. I was established as having my own repertoire." In his autobiography, 10881: 10751: 10736: 10214: 10017: 9846: 6779: 5651: 3105: 2801:, a special Grammy award established in 1973 to honor recordings at least 25 years old that have qualitative or historical significance. 1739:

Duke turned 65 in the spring of 1964 but showed no signs of slowing down as he continued to make recordings of significant works such as

1706: 1089:. Blanton was effectively hired on the spot in late October 1939, before Ellington was aware of his name, when he dropped in on a gig of 944:

in Paris) and the Netherlands before returning to New York. On June 12, 1933, the Duke Ellington Orchestra gave its British debut at the

852:—to direct contact with their music. Actually, his serious appreciation of those and other modern composers, came after he met with Vody. 323: 5842: 4303: 730:). Weekly radio broadcasts from the club gave Ellington national exposure. At the same time, Ellington also recorded Fields-JMcHugh and 10836: 9886: 9870: 9858: 8267: 6793: 5956: 1461:(Verve) with Ellington and his orchestra—a recognition that Ellington's songs had now become part of the cultural canon known as the ' 10781: 10731: 10053: 7096: 7082: 6597: 5703: 5335: 3205: 1863:

Ellington's sister Ruth (1915–2004) later ran Tempo Music, his music publishing company. Ruth's second husband was the bass-baritone

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in 1999: "n the century since his birth, there has been no greater composer, American or otherwise, than Edward Kennedy Ellington."

10851: 10756: 10701: 10691: 10661: 9397: 8236: 7089: 7075: 6529: 381: 263:, Ellington was based in New York City from the mid-1920s and gained a national profile through his orchestra's appearances at the 17: 302:

and reached a creative peak. Some years later following a low-profile period, an appearance by Ellington and his orchestra at the

10841: 10696: 10191: 9520: 7475: 6856: 5783: 4965: 1127:; they are among the earliest of innumerable live performances which survive. Nance was an occasional vocalist as well, although 1736:, Ellington conducted his orchestra from the piano—he always played the keyboard parts when the Sacred Concerts were performed. 10711: 9727: 9254: 4570: 10796: 10741: 10438: 10029: 7489: 4949: 3456: 467: 5297: 550:

on banjo; and Sonny Greer on drums. The band thrived, performing for both African-American and white audiences, rare in the

505:. Three months before graduating, he dropped out of Armstrong Manual Training School, where he was studying commercial art. 10746: 10676: 9508: 9496: 7468: 7282: 7275: 3879:

Schuller, Gunther (October 1992). "Jazz and Composition: The Many Sides of Duke Ellington, the Music's Greatest Composer".

3398:"Blanton-Webster Era Recordings – Duke Ellington Orchestra (1940–1942) Added to the National Registry: 2002" 1572: 4467: 1286:(1950), was in the process of being completed at this time. Ellington later presented its score to music-loving President 1182:(1943), was dedicated to telling the story of African Americans and the place of slavery and the church in their history. 722:. The musical numbers were composed by Jimmy McHugh and the lyrics were written by Dorothy Fields (later Harold Arlen and 10776: 7324: 7068: 6982: 6723: 6359: 6313: 4675: 4260: 3724:

Cohen, Harvey G. (Autumn 2004). "The Marketing of Duke Ellington: Setting the Strategy for an African American Maestro".

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There are hundreds of albums dedicated to the music of Duke Ellington and Billy Strayhorn by artists famous and obscure.

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on December 1, 1973, later issued on LP. Ellington performed what is considered his final full concert in a ballroom at

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occasion. He also had a messenger job with the U.S. Navy and State departments, where he made a wide range of contacts.

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Numerous memorials have been dedicated to Duke Ellington in cities from New York and Washington, D.C. to Los Angeles.

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had enjoyed a more thorough training in the forms associated with classical music than Ellington. The first of these,

10791: 10706: 9989: 8831: 8154: 7503: 7296: 6933: 6884: 6004: 5074: 3255: 2465: 2233: 1930: 820:, Ellington received what he later termed 'valuable lessons in orchestration from Will Vody." In his 1946 biography, 769:", became a worldwide sensation and gave both Ellington and Hall their first hit record. Miley had composed most of " 385: 1625:

Musicians who had previously worked with Ellington returned to the Orchestra as members: Lawrence Brown in 1960 and

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Ellington earned 14 Grammy awards from 1959 to 2000 (three of which were posthumous) and a total of 25 nominations

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After Duke died, his son Mercer took over leadership of the orchestra, continuing until he died in 1996. Like the

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In 1951, Ellington suffered a significant loss of personnel: Sonny Greer, Lawrence Brown, and, most importantly,

3503:. The Pulitzer Prizes. Retrieved December 3, 2013. With reprint of short biography and list of works (selected). 2038:, the festival is named after Ellington because of the significant focus that the festival places on his works. 1511:

which previously characterized jazz scores and rejected a strict adherence to visuals in ways that presaged the

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cinema of the '60s". Ellington and Strayhorn, always looking for new musical territory, produced suites for

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As the Depression worsened, the recording industry was in crisis, dropping over 90% of its artists by 1933.

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Ellington's residence at 2728 Sherman Avenue NW, during the years 1919–1922, is marked by a bronze plaque.

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At the end of the 1930s, Ellington began a nearly thirty-year collaboration with composer-arranger-pianist

10046: 9143: 5233: 4642:"Eartha Kitt: Singer who rose from poverty to captivate audiences around the world with her purring voice" 10876: 10831: 9282: 8283: 8081: 8046: 7966: 7317: 6681: 4571:"Jump For Joy: Duke Ellington's Celebratory Musical | Night Lights Classic Jazz – WFIU Public Radio" 1976: 1032: 624: 6400: 4060: 1786:. Ellington got an idea to write an opera about a black beautician in the 1930s, but did not finish it. 10891: 10771: 10077: 9907: 9385: 8127: 7482: 7024: 6905: 6674: 6547: 6460: 6435: 5824: 4641: 3964: 3115: 2211: 611:

for income. After a few months, the young musicians returned to Washington, D.C., feeling discouraged.

542:, who began playing the string bass, then moved to C-melody sax and finally settled on alto saxophone; 347: 343: 176: 5498: 812:, Ziegfeld's musical supervisor, recommended Ellington for the show. According to John Edward Hasse's 9739: 9373: 9306: 9099: 7613: 7331: 7131: 6996: 6989: 6828: 6625: 3500: 2985: 2809: 2798: 1836:

magazine, she was "homesick for Washington" and returned. In 1929, Ellington became the companion of

1769: 1753: 1159: 615: 6758: 3976:, Continuum Publishing Int., 2002 (on pp. 112–117 Williams talks about "Creole Love Call" in-depth). 10896: 10401: 10166: 9977: 9926: 9660: 9414: 8923: 8539: 8323: 7931: 7826: 7566: 7454: 7031: 6821: 6639: 5809: 5761: 4878: 3180: 2247: 2182: 2075: 1996: 1992: 1984: 1701: 1163: 413: 397: 5422: 5037: 2034:

is a nationally renowned annual competition for prestigious high school bands. Started in 1996 at

1807:

on March 20, 1974. Since 1980, that ballroom has been dedicated as the "Duke Ellington Ballroom".

10901: 10646: 10270: 10263: 10117: 10094: 10065: 9648: 9532: 8467: 8222: 8184: 8142: 7310: 7159: 6849: 6807: 6786: 6515: 3440: 1875: 1733: 1462: 1178: 962:(also 1935), a short film, featured his extended piece 'A Rhapsody of Negro Life'. It introduced 531:

booking agent. His first play date was at the True Reformer's Hall, where he took home 75 cents.

6184:

Crouch, Stanley (June 2009). "The Electric Company: how technology revived Ellington's career".

3448: 1431:

and elsewhere provided venues for live exposure, and a European tour in 1958 was well received.

380:

would come on his horse sometimes, and "stop and watch us play," he recalled. Ellington went to

9449: 8995: 8979: 8859: 8603: 8595: 8523: 8411: 8387: 8371: 7384: 7222: 7173: 7010: 6382: 6336: 5825:"The Duke & I: A professor explains how jazz legend Duke Ellington became a doctor in 1967" 4330: 3944: 3088: 2943: 2223: 2124:

dedicated "The Duke" (1954) to Ellington and it became a standard covered by others, including

2110: 2035: 1799: 1611: 1428: 972: 888:

was an early admirer and supporter. He wrote, "The three greatest composers who ever lived are

872: 10183: 5655: 4991: 2253: 1290:. Also during his time in Europe, Ellington would compose the music for a stage production by 9720: 9641: 9593: 9437: 9242: 8939: 8695: 8547: 8307: 8137: 8132: 7736: 7627: 7620: 7524: 7447: 7377: 6576: 6569: 5846: 5214: 5091: 4307: 3229: 2964: 2047: 2000: 1935: 1894:, a few weeks after his 75th birthday. At his funeral, attended by over 12,000 people at the 1576:(1961). During a period when Ellington was between recording contracts, he made records with 1368: 1039: 978: 933: 889: 774: 726:), with some Ellington originals mixed in. (Here, he moved in with a dancer, his second wife 432: 303: 1073: 10656: 10651: 10611: 10494: 10431: 10285: 10154: 10129: 10041: 9636: 9473: 9043: 8435: 8427: 8339: 8315: 8170: 8149: 7103: 7017: 6954: 4743: 3690: 2880: 2349: 2192: 2136: 1759: 1648: 1443: 1402: 986:

dining, and storage for equipment while avoiding the indignities of segregated facilities.

858: 6410: 1847: 1789:

Among the last shows Ellington and his orchestra performed were one on March 21, 1973, at

1392:

magazine cover stories dedicated to a jazz musician, and resulted in an album produced by

970:

for Best Musical Short Subject. Ellington and his Orchestra also appeared in the features

916:

was hired as the Ellington Orchestra's featured vocalist in 1931. She is the vocalist on "

8: 10599: 10589: 10583: 9947: 9763: 9584: 9215: 9192: 8571: 8419: 8363: 8259: 7946: 7208: 6961: 6604: 6497: 6476: 6470: 6449: 5922: 5735: 5707: 4647: 4433: 3293: 3166: 3100: 2713: 2130: 1491: 1477: 1438: 1228: 1114: 1043: 867: 522:

from 1917, Ellington began assembling groups to play for dances. In 1919, he met drummer

280: 10171: 10082: 8291: 5476: 1964:

In 1986, a United States commemorative stamp was issued featuring Ellington's likeness.

1684: 1504: 1138:

Once more recording for Victor (from 1940), with the small groups being issued on their

1081:

Two musicians who joined Ellington at this time created a sensation in their own right,

761:(1926). In October 1927, Ellington and his Orchestra recorded several compositions with 10499: 10314: 10293: 10249: 10234: 10112: 9605: 9259: 9083: 8947: 8915: 8515: 8475: 8395: 7587: 7303: 6702: 6660: 6653: 6080: 4828: 3896: 3749: 3741: 2922: 2488: 2095: 1953: 1864: 1841: 1741: 1717: 1433: 1282: 925: 678: 578: 574: 551: 359: 6439: 5787: 1031:. In 1937, Ellington returned to the Cotton Club, which had relocated to the mid-town 569:

Orchestra in New York City, Ellington left his successful career in D.C. and moved to

10413: 10395: 10134: 10034: 9994: 9959: 9931: 9703: 9589: 9537: 9425: 9345: 9263: 9123: 8507: 8483: 8347: 7981: 7240: 6968: 6716: 6688: 6562: 6426: 6270: 6246: 6226: 6198: 6170: 6144: 6125: 6106: 6087: 6059: 6040: 6019: 6000: 5981: 5962: 5941: 5907: 5888: 5869: 5584: 5527: 5341: 4997: 4945: 4939: 4500: 4494: 4336: 4015: 3753: 3656: 3616: 3452: 3379: 3193: 3057: 2859: 2391: 2198: 1794: 1790: 1747: 1673: 1427:, an allegorical suite which received mixed reviews. Festival appearances at the new 1423: 1321:

left to pursue other ventures. However, only Greer was a permanent departee. Drummer

1143: 958: 881: 877: 683: 632: 557: 6814: 1720:

piano upon which the Sacred Concerts were composed is part of the collection of the

10473: 10340: 10241: 9902: 9673: 9573: 9442: 8987: 8639: 8631: 8607: 8563: 8299: 8159: 8122: 7956: 7951: 7906: 7871: 7816: 7580: 7517: 7461: 7412: 7268: 7201: 7152: 6975: 6891: 6877: 6765: 6737: 6646: 6632: 5551: 5034:"NIU to rededicate Duke Ellington Ballroom during Nov. 6 NIU Jazz Ensemble concert" 4714: 3888: 3733: 3652: 3444: 3152: 2565: 2370: 2087: 2063: 1824: 1644: 1593: 1581: 1407: 1155: 1147: 1139: 1020: 949: 945: 929: 893: 841: 785: 770: 766: 749: 691: 666: 603:

by day and played whatever gigs they could find. The young band met stride pianist

486: 482: 342:. They lived with Daisy's parents at 2129 Ida Place (now Ward Place) NW, in D.C.'s 315: 272: 260: 87: 538:

for private society balls and embassy parties. The band included childhood friend

10566: 10542: 10530: 10524: 10490: 10327: 10307: 10300: 10159: 9954: 9653: 9577: 9565: 9418: 9362: 9107: 9051: 8687: 8671: 8623: 8587: 8491: 8459: 8451: 8355: 8190: 8086: 8076: 8041: 7996: 7986: 7916: 7901: 7806: 7801: 7573: 7038: 6800: 6431: 6034: 5505: 5461: 3973: 3475: 3353: 3304: 3243: 3070: 2141: 1899: 1871: 1664: 1659: 1626: 1619: 1585: 1577: 1512: 1452: 1411: 1388: 1356: 1334: 1211: 1106: 1062: 1024: 833: 801: 778: 582: 566: 498: 377: 291: 3685: 3618:

Music on My Mind: The Memoirs of an American Pianist, Foreword by Duke Ellington

1344: 1267: 1232:, his sole book musical, premiered on December 23, 1946, under the direction of 1077:

Ellington at the Hurricane Club, Broadway & W. 51St, New York City, May 1943

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Best Sound Track Album or Recording of Score from Motion Picture or Television

2508:

Bing Crosby Award – Name changed to GRAMMY Lifetime Achievement Award in 1982.

2505:

Bing Crosby Award – Name changed to GRAMMY Lifetime Achievement Award in 1982.

2260: 2167: 2160: 1942: 1832: 1783: 1597: 1556: 1516: 1496: 1393: 1376: 1326: 963: 885: 845: 837: 793: 670: 543: 479: 405: 401: 319: 8006: 5298:"From the Archives: Jazz Great Duke Ellington Dies in New York Hospital at 75" 4915:. National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution. Archived from 4268: 423:

at the Poodle Dog Café, Ellington wrote his first composition, "Soda Fountain

355: 10640: 10560: 10387: 10377: 10228: 10058: 10022: 9919: 9839: 9804: 9792: 9756: 9617: 9525: 9513: 9501: 9478: 9466: 9454: 9430: 9299: 9287: 9275: 9270: 9232: 9059: 8963: 8955: 8867: 8807: 8799: 8791: 8711: 8679: 8379: 8101: 8061: 8031: 8021: 8001: 7991: 7961: 7921: 7911: 7896: 7886: 7866: 7831: 7791: 7766: 7761: 7756: 7751: 7741: 7726: 7706: 6919: 6744: 2425:

Best Instrumental Jazz Performance – Large Group or Soloist with Large Group

2173: 2022:

club in 1937, they asked the budding musical great to play a free concert in

2018:

When UCLA students were entranced by Duke Ellington's provocative tunes at a

1852: 1837: 1764: 1693: 1615: 1589: 1500: 1472: 1421:(Columbia Records' parent corporation) aired a live television production of 1322: 1318: 1311: 1253: 1207: 1203: 1199: 1187: 1158:", "Jack the Bear", and dozens of others date from this period. Strayhorn's " 1128: 1110: 1082: 1028: 1008: 990: 967: 913: 849: 789: 762: 745: 727: 699: 650: 645: 641: 600: 595: 547: 539: 519: 494: 463: 393: 295: 284: 104: 8201: 6481: 1793:'s Hall of Music, two on March 22, 1973, at the Sturges-Young Auditorium in 1121:

and Dick Burris, these recordings were first legitimately issued in 1978 as

607:, who introduced them to the scene and gave them some money. They played at 10548: 10512: 10358: 10351: 10334: 10274: 10147: 10143: 10010: 10006: 9982: 9895: 9891: 9879: 9875: 9863: 9816: 9780: 9708: 9629: 9609: 9561: 9553: 9402: 9247: 9173: 9067: 9035: 9011: 8907: 8883: 8851: 8779: 8727: 8719: 8647: 8531: 8499: 8331: 8164: 8106: 7926: 7891: 7821: 7781: 7776: 7746: 7721: 7711: 7701: 7370: 7363: 7289: 7187: 7124: 6618: 5679:"Black Music Month & Juneteenth 2022: Industry Celebrations (Updating)" 4845: 2280: 2145: 2121: 2079: 2052: 1988: 1729: 1606: 1532: 1291: 1287: 1275:

Ellington continued on his own course through these tectonic shifts. While

1271:

Ellington poses with his piano at the KFG Radio Studio on November 3, 1954.

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In 1929, the Cotton Club Orchestra appeared on stage for several months in

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which yielded several years of recording stability, mainly under producer

1325:

replaced Greer, and his "Skin Deep" was a hit for Ellington. Tenor player

741: 709:

turned down a regular booking for his group as the house band at Harlem's

376:

Though Ellington took piano lessons, he was more interested in baseball. "

10256: 10139: 9943: 9768: 9744: 9732: 9685: 9665: 9569: 9549: 9378: 9366: 9354: 9350: 9311: 9220: 9131: 9027: 8759: 8735: 8655: 8214: 8096: 8066: 8051: 8036: 8011: 7936: 7851: 7841: 7836: 7786: 7696: 7648: 7594: 7559: 7405: 7398: 7391: 6927:

Studio Sessions, 1957, 1965, 1966, 1967, San Francisco, Chicago, New York

6393: 5555: 5255: 3006: 2657: 2151: 2125: 2019: 1887: 1778: 1721: 1567: 1552: 1547: 1524: 1508: 1380: 1348: 1338: 1330: 1307: 1276: 1257: 1151: 1146:

sides continued to flow from Ellington, Billy Strayhorn, Ellington's son

1118: 1086: 1016: 921: 809: 797: 731: 723: 710: 706: 586: 523: 490: 475: 409: 335: 299: 264: 123: 5601: 1975:

Ellington lived out his final years in Manhattan, in a townhouse at 333

952:, which gave a boost to Ellington's interest in composing longer works. 10449: 10443: 9613: 9545: 9541: 9315: 9003: 8971: 8931: 8835: 8815: 8783: 8763: 8751: 8403: 8091: 8056: 7941: 7881: 7716: 7641: 7552: 6842: 6751: 6422: 3966:

Underneath a Harlem Moon ... The Harlem to Paris Years of Adelaide Hall

3900: 3745: 2023: 1840:, who traveled with him, managed Tempo Music, inspired songs, such as " 1640: 1486: 1132: 735: 637: 608: 276: 249: 3433:

Schuller, Gunther; Kernfeld, Barry (2002). "Ellington, Duke (jazz) ".

2082:, as the greatest composer we have produced, regardless of category." 1414:, who coaxed both commercial and artistic productions from Ellington. 1386:

The concert made international headlines, and led to one of only five

1264:, were not going to have a similar reach as the newly emerging stars. 10554: 10455: 10320: 9557: 9390: 7976: 7796: 7731: 7419: 7180: 5419:"Jazz man is first African-American to solo on U.S. circulating coin" 1910: 1891: 1601: 1310:, who performed Ellington's original song "Hungry Little Trouble" as 1303: 1261: 1219: 1102: 1046:" in 1937, and "I Let a Song Go Out of My Heart" the following year. 420: 4358:"A Look Back At How Virtuoso Jimmy Blanton Changed The Bass Forever" 3892: 3737: 2032:

Essentially Ellington High School Jazz Band Competition and Festival

1902:

summed up the occasion: "It's a very sad day. A genius has passed."

10280: 9019: 8177: 8016: 7856: 6419:– official website of the family organization Duke Ellington Legacy 3315: 2177: 1815: 1676:

which expands the score with some of Ellington's best-known works.

805: 535: 502: 444: 428: 366: 253: 6445: 6324: 6167:

Help!: The Beatles, Duke Ellington, and the Magic of Collaboration

4705:, Lanham, Maryland & Oxford, UK: Scarecrow Press, 2002, p. 28. 1559:

as jazz musicians. For this work, Ellington was nominated for the

866:

short in which he played the hero "Duke". He also appeared in the

661:

In October 1926, Ellington made an agreement with agent-publisher

9851: 9669: 6507: 6466: 6141:

This Is Pop: In Search of the Elusive at Experience Music Project

2539:

Best Instrumental Jazz Performance – Group or Soloist with Group

1094:

1939 to 1943. An ambition of his, he told his previous employer,

994: 471: 455: 424: 6070:

Covers all of Duke's travels and films from the 1929 short film

4535:, Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, 2010, p. 189. 2050:, this "ghost band" continued to release albums for many years. 2006:

A statue of Ellington at a piano is featured at the entrance to

1967: 1371:

on July 7, 1956, returned him to wider prominence. The feature "

836:

convictions, his uses of the tones ordinarily extraneous to the

10213: 6446:

Art Pilkington collection relating to Duke Ellington, 1919–1974

6417:

Duke Ellington Legacy Big Band & Duke Ellington Legacy Band

6325:

Art Pilkington collection relating to Duke Ellington, 1919–1974

3501:"The 1999 Pulitzer Prize Winners: Special Awards and Citations" 2678:

Back To Back – Duke Ellington And Johnny Hodges Play The Blues

1485:

Around this time Ellington and Strayhorn began to work on film

752:" with Ellington in 1927. The recording became a worldwide hit. 570: 268: 3931:. jazzgirl1920s. Archived from the original on January 5, 2014 7004:

Studio Sessions New York & Chicago, 1965, 1966 & 1971

5602:"'The Duke' by Dave Brubeck: song review, recordings, covers" 2155: 1406:

album was the first release in a new recording contract with

620: 440: 436: 351: 5863: 5140: 5128: 4267:. University of North Carolina – Chapel Hill. Archived from 396:, Gertie Wells, Clarence Bowser, Sticky Mack, Blind Johnny, 10466: 5885:

Someone to Watch Over Me: The Life and Music of Ben Webster

5581:

100 Greatest African Americans: A Biographical Encyclopedia

5279:"The secret history of the jazz greats who were freemasons" 3928:

Adelaide Hall talks about 1920s Harlem and Creole Love Call

3668: 2007: 1971:

Ellington on the Washington, D.C., quarter released in 2009

485:

and Luckey Roberts. Later in New York, he took advice from

339: 311: 201: 118: 4877:. The Duke Ellington Society. May 24, 1974. Archived from 4375: 2229:

1964, Honorary Doctorate of Humanities from Milton College

1131:

was the main male vocalist in this era (until 1943) while

884:, "America's foremost ballroom". Australian-born composer 454:

Ellington continued listening to, watching, and imitating

275:. He also recorded songs written by his bandsmen, such as 4966:"Duke Ellington's Lost Opera, Forever A Work In Progress" 3979: 3622:. New York City: Doubleday & Company Inc. p. ix. 2692:

Best Jazz Composition of More Than Five Minutes Duration

2180:" as a tribute to Ellington, which appeared on his album 2056:, credited to The Duke Ellington Orchestra, won the 1988 1938:. Another school is P.S. 004 Duke Ellington in New York. 1418: 989:

However, the competition intensified as swing bands like

832:

From Vodery, as he (Ellington) says himself, he drew his

384:

in Washington, D.C. His first job was selling peanuts at

10623:* indicates award given to widow in year after his death 4329:

Jackson, Kenneth T.; Keller, Lisa; Flood, Nancy (2010).

3511: 3509: 2636:

Best Instrumental Theme or Instrumental Version of Song

1038:

After leaving agent Irving Mills, he signed on with the

9175:

Grammy Award for Best Score Soundtrack for Visual Media

5550:, The Smithsonian Jazz Repertory Ensemble conducted by 4513: 4448: 6016:

Beyond Category: The Life and Genius of Duke Ellington

5997:

Beyond Category: The Life and Genius of Duke Ellington

4356:

Whitehead, Kevin; Bianculli, David (October 5, 2018).

4240: 4228: 4192: 4180: 4024: 3907: 3760: 2164:) as a tribute to Ellington one month after his death. 1886:

Ellington died on May 24, 1974, of complications from

1622:, but the association with the label was short-lived. 1162:", a hit in 1941, became the band's theme, replacing " 1068: 814:

Beyond Category: The Life and Genius of Duke Ellington

6371:

Jerry Valburn Collection on Duke Ellington, 1924–1974

4676:"Eartha Kitt wins raves in Welles' show at Frankfurt" 3881:

Bulletin of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences

3506: 1226:

disappointment, a Broadway production of Ellington's

677:

early in their careers. After recording a handful of

565:

When his drummer Sonny Greer was invited to join the

561:

British pressing of "East St. Louis Toodle-Oo" (1927)

10812:

Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences

4826:

Mark Stryker, "Ellington's score still celebrated",

4392: 4390: 3869:, Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland, 2001, p. 16. 2797:

Recordings of Duke Ellington were inducted into the

1359:, Ellington lacked a regular recording affiliation. 1306:, the variety show also featured a newly discovered 10872:

Pulitzer Prize Special Citations and Awards winners

5887:. Ann Arbor, MI: The University of Michigan Press. 5728: 5390:. Felix E. Grant Digital Collection. Archived from 5364:. Felix E. Grant Digital Collection. Archived from 4938:Peress, Maurice (2004). "Ellington's Queenie Pie". 2616:Best Jazz Performance – Large Group (Instrumental) 2263:

for his lifetime contributions to music and culture

1983:A large memorial to Ellington, created by sculptor 534:Ellington played throughout the D.C. area and into 458:pianists, not only in Washington, D.C. but also in 10421:American Heritage Picture History of the Civil War 7532:It Don't Mean a Thing (If It Ain't Got That Swing) 7248:Ella Fitzgerald Sings the Duke Ellington Song Book 6455:Duke Ellington and Billy Strayhorn: Jazz Composers 6079: 4717:"Duke Excites, Mystifies Without Any Pretension", 4640: 4355: 4335:. New Haven: Yale University Press. p. 1951. 4328: 3615: 2839:It Don't Mean a Thing (If It Ain't Got That Swing) 1844:", at the peak of his career, and raised his son. 918:It Don't Mean a Thing (If It Ain't Got That Swing) 9859:The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring 6243:The Swing Era: The Development Of Jazz, 1930–1945 6220: 4944:. Oxford University Press, US. pp. 161–171. 4434:"Musician Ivie Anderson (Vocal) @ All About Jazz" 4387: 4301: 1929:In Ellington's birthplace, Washington, D.C., the 1776:In 1972–1974 Ellington worked on his only opera, 1712:In September 1965, he premiered the first of his 10638: 7339:It Don't Mean a Thing If It Ain't Got That Swing 3949:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( 3607: 3432: 2459:Best Instrumental Jazz Performance – Large Group 248:(April 29, 1899 – May 24, 1974) was an American 6188:. Vol. 318, no. 1909. pp. 73–77. 6183: 5882: 4396: 4304:"Duke Ellington: Symphony of the Body and Soul" 2482:Best Instrumental Jazz Performance, Large Group 2058:Grammy Award for Best Large Jazz Ensemble Album 1658:Ellington wrote an original score for director 1329:had joined in December 1950 after periods with 581:emerged in Harlem, as well as African-American 10787:Burials at Woodlawn Cemetery (Bronx, New York) 9410:The Way We Were: Original Soundtrack Recording 5036:. Northern Illinois University. Archived from 4623: 4621: 4120: 4118: 3478:—'beyond category'—as a liberating principle." 27:American jazz pianist and composer (1899–1974) 10199: 9887:The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King 9159: 8230: 8206: 6523: 6486:Discography of American Historical Recordings 6461:Duke Ellington: 20th International Conference 6223:Early Jazz: Its Roots and Musical Development 5961:. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. 5215:"First Marriage After 40: McHenry Boatwright" 2328:Best Jazz Instrumental Performance, Big Band 956:record in 1935 after her death in that year. 9866:& John Kurlander (engineer/mixer) (2002) 6491:His life is retold in the 1948 radio drama " 5163: 5161: 4499:. Berkeley: University of California Press. 3526: 3524: 3062:D.C. and U.S. Territories Quarters Program. 1570:orchestras recorded together with the album 310:Although a pivotal figure in the history of 10802:Deaths from lung cancer in New York (state) 10215:Pulitzer Prize Special Citations and Awards 7546:Just Squeeze Me (But Please Don't Tease Me) 6214:Backstory in Blue: Ellington at Newport '56 6169:. New York, NY: W.W. Norton & Company. 6056:Duke Ellington: Day by Day and Film by Film 5864:Africville Genealogy Society, ed. (2010) . 5471: 5469: 4848:, "How Come Jazz Isn't Dead", pp. 39–55 in 4673: 4618: 4115: 4012:Duke Ellington: Day by Day and Film by Film 3843:, New York: E-Rights/E-Reads, 1977 , p. 35. 3806:, New York & Oxford, 1998, pp. 112–113. 3679: 3677: 1337:and stayed for the rest of his life, while 1280:However, Ellington's extended composition, 470:music teacher, gave him private lessons in 329: 10206: 10192: 9166: 9152: 8244: 8237: 8223: 6794:Swinging Suites by Edward E. and Edward G. 6530: 6516: 6438: 6053: 5923:"An excerpt from Duke Ellington's America" 5810:"Recipients of Honorary Degrees (By Year)" 5731:"Ellington Comes Out Ahead in Coin Tossup" 5477:"Duke Ellington – Artist – www.grammy.com" 5057: 5055: 4174: 3633: 3631: 3629: 3496: 3494: 3492: 3490: 3488: 3486: 3484: 2675:Best Jazz Performance Solo or Small Group 788:'s Show Girl, along with vaudeville stars 419:In the summer of 1914, while working as a 42: 10827:Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award winners 7097:The Carnegie Hall Concerts: December 1947 7083:The Carnegie Hall Concerts: December 1944 6598:Never No Lament: The Blanton-Webster Band 6584:Braggin' in Brass: The Immortal 1938 Year 6477:FBI file on Edward Kennedy Duke Ellington 6192: 6105:(2nd ed.). New York: The New Press. 6036:Duke Ellington and His World: A Biography 5980:. New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux. 5978:Lush Life: A Biography of Billy Strayhorn 5958:The Cambridge Companion to Duke Ellington 5935: 5704:"The United States Mint · About The Mint" 5158: 4899: 4763: 4761: 4289: 4054: 4052: 3637: 3601: 3589: 3536: 3521: 3449:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.J137500 3378:, New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux, 3376:Lush Life: A Biography of Billy Strayhorn 3356:. DukeEllington.com (Official site). 2008 2753:Best Sound Track Album – Background Score 2148:. It is also dedicated to Duke Ellington. 862:(1929), a 19-minute all-African-American 656: 593:'s (the latter of whom was his neighbor) 256:from 1923 through the rest of his life. 10867:Presidential Medal of Freedom recipients 10667:20th-century American conductors (music) 9894:, John Kurlander (engineer/mixer) & 9878:, John Kurlander (engineer/mixer) & 7090:The Carnegie Hall Concerts: January 1946 7076:The Carnegie Hall Concerts: January 1943 6240: 6164: 6138: 6077: 6032: 5906:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 5786:. Americanhistory.si.edu. Archived from 5521: 5466: 5446: 5444: 5421:. CNN. February 24, 2009. Archived from 5333: 5206: 5191: 5152: 4993:Duke's Diary: The Life of Duke Ellington 4849: 4703:Duke's Diary: The Life of Duke Ellington 4627: 4612: 4519: 4492: 4454: 4420: 4408: 4381: 4246: 4234: 4210: 4198: 4186: 4124: 4030: 3985: 3913: 3878: 3872: 3841:Duke: The Musical Life of Duke Ellington 3827: 3790: 3766: 3683: 3674: 3542: 3530: 3515: 3426: 3024: 2561:Large Group Or Soloist With Large Group 2104: 2071:half-dozen greatest masters of our time. 1966: 1846: 1814: 1683: 1467: 1266: 1072: 1048: 740: 556: 346:neighborhood. Duke's father was born in 252:, composer, and leader of his eponymous 6473:, with 1653 library catalog records 6143:. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. 5822: 5676: 5583:. Amherst, New York: Prometheus Books. 5413: 5411: 5409: 5212: 5084: 5052: 5031: 4839: 3726:The Journal of African American History 3684:Simmonds, Yussuf (September 11, 2008). 3626: 3481: 2730:Best Musical Composition First Recorded 2428:Duke Ellington – 70th Birthday Concert 1246: 14: 10639: 9628:, Sue Sheridan, Richard Theisen & 6411:Duke Ellington Oral History collection 6283: 6260: 6119: 6100: 5760:. Center for Jazz Arts. Archived from 5450:United States Mint. Coins and Medals. 5221:. p. 30 – via Google Books. 4937: 4931: 4861: 4758: 4725:Vol. 2, No. 2, July 2008, pp. 215–249. 4162: 4049: 3867:Duke Ellington's Music for the Theatre 3856:, New York: Da Capo, 1973 , pp. 75–76. 3577: 3571: 3471: 3395: 2792: 2256:by France, its highest civilian honor. 2243:, the highest civilian award in the US 1987:, was dedicated in 1997 in New York's 1495:(1959), a courtroom drama directed by 713:; the offer passed to Ellington after 10687:African-American film score composers 10187: 9871:The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers 9147: 8218: 8205: 6511: 6245:. New York: Oxford University Press. 6225:. New York: Oxford University Press. 6124:. New York: Oxford University Press. 6013: 5994: 5975: 5954: 5901: 5729:Sheridan, Mary Beth (June 20, 2008). 5722: 5526:. New York: Oxford University Press. 5441: 5321: 5295: 5276: 5179: 5167: 5116: 5061: 5016: 4996:. Scarecrow Press. pp. 449–452. 4799: 4787: 4655:from the original on January 11, 2022 4600: 4568: 4556: 4544: 4258: 4222: 4150: 4109: 4097: 4085: 3815: 3778: 3723: 3711: 3613: 3566: 3554: 3242:Honorary Doctor of Music Degree from 2312:The Duke Ellington Centennial Edition 2098:listed Duke Ellington on his list of 1596:) and participated in a session with 757:can be seen in his feature chorus in 10672:20th-century American male musicians 7283:Duke Ellington Meets Coleman Hawkins 7276:First Time! The Count Meets the Duke 6983:The Suites, New York 1968 & 1970 6857:Duke Ellington's Jazz Violin Session 6457:– April–June 2009 exhibition at NMAH 5406: 4989: 4905: 4814:Myself Among Others: A Life in Music 4811: 3414:from the original on October 9, 2022 2755:From A Motion Picture Or Television 2559:Best Instrumental Jazz Performance – 2387:Best Jazz Performance By A Big Band 2366:Best Jazz Performance By A Big Band 2345:Best Jazz Performance By A Big Band 2226:, contribution to recording industry 2216: 2085:In the opinion of Bob Blumenthal of 1874:and was a Freemason associated with 1573:First Time! The Count Meets the Duke 1142:label, three-minute masterpieces on 10682:African-American conductors (music) 9564:, Ronald Magness, Dennis Matkosky, 6360:Music Division, Library of Congress 6314:Music Division, Library of Congress 4836:, 2008, Cambridge University Press. 4125:Williams, Richard (June 17, 2011). 2331:Duke Ellington At Fargo, 1940 Live 1726:National Museum of American History 1069:Ellington in the early to mid-1940s 614:In June 1923, they played a gig in 24: 10882:Recipients of the Legion of Honour 10752:American musical theatre composers 10737:American male film score composers 9462:Close Encounters of the Third Kind 9323:Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid 7490:I Got It Bad (and That Ain't Good) 7297:Duke Ellington & John Coltrane 7062:Duke Ellington at Fargo, 1940 Live 6537: 6211: 6158: 5999:, New York: Simon & Schuster, 5677:Aderoju, Darlene (June 13, 2022). 5548:Duke Ellington's Symphony in Black 5499:"Curtain Up: Two Days of the Duke" 5032:McGowan, Mark (November 3, 2003). 4832:, January 20, 2009; Mervyn Cooke, 4306:. Allaboutjazz.com. Archived from 4058: 3804:Visions of Jazz: The First Century 2314:RCA Victor Recordings (1927–1973) 1700:Ellington was shortlisted for the 1643:, and the South African musicians 1634:You can't take doodling seriously. 1191:were generally not well received. 1124:Duke Ellington at Fargo, 1940 Live 573:, ultimately becoming part of the 25: 10913: 10837:Jazz musicians from New York City 8155:Duke Ellington School of the Arts 7476:I Ain't Got Nothin' but the Blues 6934:...And His Mother Called Him Bill 6885:Duke Ellington Plays Mary Poppins 6413:at Oral History of American Music 6293: 5845:. Yale University. Archived from 5843:"Yale Honorary Degree Recipients" 5479:. Recording Academy. May 22, 2018 5231: 5141:Africville Genealogy Society 2010 5129:Africville Genealogy Society 2010 4742:. August 20, 1956. Archived from 4721:, November 5, 1952, reprinted in 4569:Brent, David (February 6, 2008). 4468:"Jazz Musicians – Duke Ellington" 3256:Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award 2709:Best Performance By A Dance Band 2466:...And His Mother Called Him Bill 2234:Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award 2010:'s Schoenberg Hall. According to 1931:Duke Ellington School of the Arts 1362: 1202:in Los Angeles. Hollywood actors 1150:, and members of the orchestra. " 856:Ellington's film work began with 10782:Broadway composers and lyricists 10732:American male conductors (music) 10409:The Defeat of the Spanish Armada 10357: 10350: 7434:Do Nothing Till You Hear from Me 7427:Diminuendo and Crescendo in Blue 7325:Ella and Duke at the Cote D'Azur 6731:Duke Ellington at the Bal Masque 5835: 5823:Galston, Arthur (October 2002). 5816: 5802: 5776: 5750: 5696: 5670: 5644: 5619: 5594: 5573: 5561: 5540: 5515: 5491: 5380: 5354: 5340:. Haus Publishing. p. 129. 5327: 5315: 5289: 5270: 5248: 5225: 5197: 5185: 5173: 5146: 5134: 5098:. February 2, 1967. pp. 46– 3084:Nesuhi Ertegun Jazz Hall of Fame 2902:Diminuendo and Crescendo in Blue 2267: 1896:Cathedral of St. John the Divine 1810: 1383:to bring the program to an end. 1373:Diminuendo and Crescendo in Blue 1210:invested in the production, and 404:, Phil Wurd, Caroline Thornton, 220: 10852:Musicians from Washington, D.C. 10757:American Prince Hall Freemasons 10702:African-American male composers 10692:African-American jazz composers 10662:20th-century American composers 10002:The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo 7497:I Let a Song Go Out of My Heart 7111:Dance Concerts, California 1958 6710:Studio Sessions 1957 & 1962 5883:Büchmann-Møller, Frank (2006). 5857: 5627:"Entertainment Awards Database" 5122: 5110: 5067: 5025: 5010: 4983: 4958: 4893: 4867: 4855: 4820: 4805: 4793: 4781: 4728: 4708: 4695: 4674:Win Fanning (August 13, 1950). 4667: 4633: 4606: 4594: 4585: 4562: 4550: 4538: 4525: 4486: 4460: 4426: 4414: 4402: 4349: 4322: 4295: 4283: 4252: 4216: 4204: 4168: 4156: 4144: 4103: 4091: 4079: 4036: 4004: 3991: 3957: 3919: 3859: 3846: 3833: 3821: 3809: 3796: 3784: 3772: 3717: 3705: 3646: 3614:Smith, Willie the Lion (1964). 3595: 3583: 3560: 3548: 3334:List of people with synesthesia 3179:Honorary Doctorate Degree from 3141:Big Band and Jazz Hall of Fame 2734:(More Than 5 Minutes Duration) 2599:Best Original Jazz Composition 2582:Best Original Jazz Composition 2522:Best Original Jazz Composition 2445:National Trustees Award – 1968 2246:1971, an Honorary PhD from the 1921: 1662:'s production of Shakespeare's 1447:(1958), dedicated to Britain's 1353:Oh, yes, that's done like this. 880:and they also performed at the 800:, and with music and lyrics by 577:. New dance crazes such as the 513: 382:Armstrong Technical High School 338:, and James preferred operatic 10842:Male musical theatre composers 10697:African-American jazz pianists 9847:Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon 9295:Music from Mission: Impossible 7504:I'm Beginning to See the Light 7139:Duke Ellington at the Alhambra 6948:Studio Sessions New York, 1968 6836:Studio Sessions, New York 1962 6237:. Especially pp. 318–357. 5868:. Halifax: Formac Publishing. 5546:Martin Williams, liner notes, 5213:Norment, Lynn (January 1983). 4496:The American Musical Landscape 4127:"Duke Ellington's mother dies" 3465: 3389: 3368: 3346: 3192:Honorary Doctor of Music from 3165:Honorary Degree in Music from 2774:Best Jazz Performance – Group 2408:Best Instrumental Composition 2205: 2100:100 Greatest African Americans 1367:Ellington's appearance at the 1241:first recording ban of 1942–44 1001: 899: 13: 1: 10712:American film score composers 10594:Graduate School of Journalism 10428:George Washington, Vols. I-IV 7441:Don't Get Around Much Anymore 6899:Concert in the Virgin Islands 6864:Studio Sessions New York 1963 6696:Studio Sessions, Chicago 1956 5234:"Mercer Ellington: Biography" 4470:. Theory Jazz. Archived from 3339: 3218:Presidential Medal of Freedom 2241:Presidential Medal of Freedom 1690:Presidential Medal of Freedom 1679: 816:, "Perhaps during the run of 49: 10797:Composers from New York City 10742:American male jazz composers 10054:Star Wars: The Force Awakens 7539:Just A-Sittin' and A-Rockin' 7118:Dance Dates, California 1958 6383:How to use archival material 6337:How to use archival material 6267:University of Illinois Press 6197:. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. 6139:Weisbard, Eric, ed. (2004). 5706:. Usmint.gov. Archived from 5654:. Grammy.org. Archived from 5579:Asante, Molefi Kete (2002). 5558:Collections recording, 1980. 5296:Jones, Jack (May 25, 1974). 5277:Lewis, John (July 2, 2014). 4913:"Ellington's Steinway Grand" 4875:"Duke Ellington – Biography" 4436:. Musicians.allaboutjazz.com 4332:The Encyclopedia of New York 3309: 3288: 3276: 3262: 3250: 3237: 3224: 3212: 3200: 3187: 3174: 3160: 3146: 3136: 3122: 3110: 3095: 3078: 3065: 3052: 3041: 3000: 2979: 2958: 2937: 2916: 2895: 2874: 2853: 2832: 2769: 2748: 2725: 2704: 2687: 2670: 2648: 2631: 2611: 2594: 2577: 2554: 2534: 2517: 2500: 2484:Or Soloist With Large Group 2477: 2461:Or Soloist With Large Group 2454: 2437: 2420: 2403: 2382: 2361: 2340: 2323: 2304: 1805:Northern Illinois University 1561:Academy Award for Best Score 1300:An Evening With Orson Welles 324:Pulitzer Prize Special Award 7: 10747:American male jazz pianists 10677:20th-century jazz composers 9398:Jonathan Livingston Seagull 8284:William Stanley Braithwaite 7318:The Stockholm Concert, 1966 6682:The Complete Porgy and Bess 6216:. Rutgers University Press. 6014:Hasse, John Edward (1995). 5995:Hasse, John Edward (1993), 5927:University of Chicago Press 4259:Stone, Sonjia, ed. (1983). 4001:, Creative Age Press, 1946. 3327: 3319:Jazz Hall of Fame inductee 2041: 765:. One side in particular, " 10: 10918: 10777:Black Lion Records artists 9620:, Bunny Hull, Howie Rice, 9521:E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial 7511:I'm Just a Lucky So-and-So 7332:Francis A. & Edward K. 6906:The Popular Duke Ellington 6675:Duke Ellington Presents... 6436:Internet Broadway Database 6263:Ellington, The Early Years 6241:Schuller, Gunther (2005). 6221:Schuller, Gunther (1986). 6193:Ellington, Mercer (1978). 6120:Tucker, Mark, ed. (1993). 6086:. New York: Gotham Books. 6054:Stratemann, Klaus (1992). 5522:Schuller, Gunther (1989). 5092:"Duke Ellington's Duchess" 4493:Crawford, Richard (1993). 4261:"William Thomas Strayhorn" 3972:February 26, 2021, at the 3116:Oklahoma Jazz Hall of Fame 3058:Commemorative U.S. quarter 2212:Duke Ellington discography 2209: 1952:On February 24, 2009, the 1870:Ellington was a member of 1770:Francis A. & Edward K. 1441:plays and characters, and 1027:and "Clarinet Lament" for 1015:, "Trumpet in Spades" for 1011:, "Yearning for Love" for 348:Lincolnton, North Carolina 177:Duke Ellington discography 10887:Red Baron Records artists 10862:Orchestral jazz musicians 10857:Musicraft Records artists 10762:Bethlehem Records artists 10717:American jazz bandleaders 10621: 10576: 10483: 10366: 10348: 10221: 10104: 9969: 9826: 9695: 9488: 9337: 9207: 9181: 8253: 8212: 8207:Awards for Duke Ellington 8115: 7687: 7658: 7605: 7348: 7232: 7167:A Concert of Sacred Music 7132:Jazz at the Plaza Vol. II 7053: 6997:The Afro-Eurasian Eclipse 6990:The Intimacy of the Blues 6626:Masterpieces by Ellington 6554: 6545: 6482:Duke Ellington recordings 6365: 6355: 6319: 6309: 6165:Brothers, Thomas (2018). 6122:The Duke Ellington Reader 6058:. Copenhagen: JazzMedia. 5902:Cohen, Harvey G. (2010). 5350:– via Google Books. 4771:Ellington at Newport 1956 4067:. Oxford University Press 2810:Grammy Hall of Fame Award 2806: 2661:(Motion Picture) (Album) 2277: 2259:1999, posthumous Special 2158:"He Loved Him Madly" (on 1916: 1754:The Afro-Eurasian Eclipse 1489:. The first of these was 1347:said in 1952: "You know, 1341:joined in November 1951. 616:Atlantic City, New Jersey 508: 228: 219: 214: 210: 196: 192: 182: 172: 164: 132: 111: 94: 74: 64: 59: 41: 34: 10847:Music & Arts artists 10792:Columbia Records artists 10707:American autobiographers 10030:The Grand Budapest Hotel 9415:Alan and Marilyn Bergman 8924:A. Leon Higginbotham Jr. 8540:Charles Hamilton Houston 8324:George Washington Carver 7455:East St. Louis Toodle-Oo 6822:Featuring Paul Gonsalves 6640:The Duke Plays Ellington 6591:The Blanton–Webster Band 6195:Duke Ellington in Person 6078:Teachout, Terry (2015). 6033:Lawrence, A. H. (2001). 5936:Ellington, Duke (1976). 5904:Duke Ellington's America 5866:The Spirit of Africville 5334:Bradbury, David (2005). 4941:Dvorak to Duke Ellington 4736:"Jazzman Duke Ellington" 4573:. Indianapublicmedia.org 4533:Duke Ellington's America 3963:Williams, Iain Cameron, 3638:Ellington, Duke (1970). 3299:Award won for the movie 3206:Songwriters Hall of Fame 3181:Berklee College of Music 3129:commemorative U.S. stamp 2248:Berklee College of Music 2183:Songs in the Key of Life 1999:, an intersection named 1881: 1825:Mercer Kennedy Ellington 1702:Pulitzer Prize for Music 1688:Ellington receiving the 1194:A partial exception was 1164:East St. Louis Toodle-Oo 759:East St. Louis Toodle-Oo 330:Early life and education 70:Edward Kennedy Ellington 18:Duke Ellington Orchestra 10817:Gennett Records artists 10722:American jazz composers 10264:St. Louis Post-Dispatch 9898:(engineer/mixer) (2004) 9882:(engineer/mixer) (2003) 9681:The Fabulous Baker Boys 9509:Raiders of the Lost Ark 9497:The Empire Strikes Back 8143:Duke Ellington Memorial 7972:Harold "Geezil" Minerve 7483:I Didn't Know About You 7160:The Great Paris Concert 7069:Black, Brown, and Beige 7025:This One's for Blanton! 6850:The Symphonic Ellington 6808:Piano in the Foreground 6787:Piano in the Background 6495:", a presentation from 6257:. Esp. pp. 46–157. 6039:. New York: Routledge. 5921:—— (2010). 5460:April 14, 2016, at the 5203:Lawrence, 2001, p. 356. 4591:Lawrence, 2001, p. 287. 3665:Hot Jazz Saturday Night 3441:Oxford University Press 2664:Music for Visual Media 2543:Concert Of Sacred Music 2525:"In The Beginning God" 2113:at 6535 Hollywood Blvd. 1905:He was interred in the 1876:Prince Hall Freemasonry 1551:(1961), which featured 1463:Great American Songbook 1458:Duke Ellington Songbook 1179:Black, Brown, and Beige 605:Willie "The Lion" Smith 518:Working as a freelance 354:. James Ellington made 10727:American jazz pianists 10497:. A special award for 9228:Breakfast at Tiffany's 8980:Constance Baker Motley 8860:Frederick D. Patterson 8596:Martin Luther King Jr. 8524:Channing Heggie Tobias 8412:William T. B. Williams 8388:Richard Berry Harrison 8372:Mordecai Wyatt Johnson 8123:Mercer Ellington (son) 7385:Black, Brown and Beige 7223:Eastbourne Performance 7174:In the Uncommon Market 7011:The Intimate Ellington 6724:Black, Brown and Beige 6284:Ulanov, Barry (1946). 6101:Terkel, Studs (2002). 5955:Green, Edward (2015). 5784:"NMAH Archives Center" 5504:April 3, 2009, at the 3642:. H.W. Wilson Company. 3133:Issued April 29, 1986 3089:Jazz at Lincoln Center 2944:Black, Brown and Beige 2224:Hollywood Walk of Fame 2154:created his half-hour 2114: 2111:Hollywood Walk of Fame 2073: 2036:Jazz at Lincoln Center 2028: 1972: 1856: 1820: 1800:Eastbourne Performance 1707:special Pulitzer Prize 1697: 1636: 1614:) album. He signed to 1482: 1429:Monterey Jazz Festival 1272: 1239:The settlement of the 1184:Black, Brown and Beige 1078: 1059: 973:Murder at the Vanities 873:Check and Double Check 854: 753: 657:Cotton Club engagement 562: 298:and tenor saxophonist 60:Background information 10807:Decca Records artists 9616:, John Gilutin Hawk, 8940:Myrlie Evers-Williams 8696:Clarence Mitchell Jr. 8548:Mabel Keaton Staupers 8308:Charles Sidney Gilpin 8138:Duke Ellington Circle 8133:Duke Ellington Bridge 7635:Something to Live For 7525:In a Sentimental Mood 7448:Drop Me Off in Harlem 7378:Black and Tan Fantasy 7195:70th Birthday Concert 7146:Live at the Blue Note 7032:Up in Duke's Workshop 6941:Second Sacred Concert 6668:Historically Speaking 6577:Ellingtonia, Vol. Two 6570:Ellingtonia, Vol. One 6288:. Creative Age Press. 6261:Tucker, Mark (1991). 6018:. New York: Da Capo. 5976:Hajdu, David (1996). 5940:. New York: Da Capo. 5758:"Featured Exhibition" 5652:"Grammy Hall Of Fame" 4834:History of Film Music 4812:Wein, George (2003). 4651:. December 26, 2008. 4265:Billy Strayhorn Songs 3374:Hajdu, David (1996), 3303:with fellow composer 3230:Grammy Trustees Award 3025:Honors and inductions 2965:Black and Tan Fantasy 2585:Virgin Islands Suite 2108: 2068: 2048:Count Basie Orchestra 2016: 2001:Duke Ellington Circle 1970: 1936:Duke Ellington Bridge 1850: 1818: 1687: 1631: 1471: 1369:Newport Jazz Festival 1270: 1076: 1057: 1040:William Morris Agency 979:Belle of the Nineties 934:In a Sentimental Mood 830: 775:Black and Tan Fantasy 744: 560: 412:, Joe Rochester, and 304:Newport Jazz Festival 10822:Grammy Award winners 10767:Big band bandleaders 10612:Joseph Pulitzer, Jr. 10495:Oscar Hammerstein II 10456:Theodor Seuss Geisel 10432:James Thomas Flexner 10392:Old Road to Paradise 10286:The Kansas City Star 10130:Carlos Rafael Rivera 9728:Beauty and the Beast 9044:Frankie Muse Freeman 8808:Benjamin Elijah Mays 8436:Walter Francis White 8340:James Weldon Johnson 8316:Mary Burnett Talbert 8171:Sophisticated Ladies 8150:Duke Ellington House 7967:James "Bubber" Miley 7311:Ella at Duke's Place 7216:Third Sacred Concert 7104:Ellington at Newport 7018:The Ellington Suites 6955:Latin American Suite 6780:The Nutcracker Suite 5938:Music Is My Mistress 5829:Yale Alumni Magazine 5812:. Howard University. 5710:on February 25, 2011 5453:District of Columbia 4881:on November 12, 2012 4474:on September 3, 2015 4397:Büchmann-Møller 2006 3939:– via YouTube. 3854:Music is my Mistress 3691:Los Angeles Sentinel 3282:NAACP Spingarn Medal 3234:Special Merit Award 2881:Ellington at Newport 2778:Ellington Jazz Party 2732:And Released In 1959 2642:Composing/Arranging 2414:Composing/Arranging 2350:The Ellington Suites 2193:Sophisticated Ladies 2137:The Real Ambassadors 1760:Latin American Suite 1649:Sathima Bea Benjamin 1403:Ellington at Newport 1247:Early post-war years 1117:. Privately made by 1109:who had defected to 781:, who replaced him. 625:James "Bubber" Miley 554:society of the day. 449:Music is my Mistress 378:President Roosevelt 314:, in the opinion of 48:Publicity portrait, 10600:Frank D. Fackenthal 10590:Columbia University 10584:William Allen White 10271:Cyrus L. Sulzberger 9948:James Newton Howard 9915:Memoirs of a Geisha 9800:Saving Private Ryan 9788:The English Patient 9560:, Duane Hitchings, 9556:, Richard Gilbert, 9193:Anatomy of a Murder 8572:Theodore K. Lawless 8420:Mary McLeod Bethune 8364:Charles W. Chesnutt 8260:Ernest Everett Just 7947:Queen Esther Marrow 7209:Live at the Whitney 6759:Anatomy of a Murder 6498:Destination Freedom 6471:Library of Congress 6450:Library of Congress 6212:Morton, John Fass. 5790:on January 30, 2012 5736:The Washington Post 5658:on January 22, 2011 5394:on January 15, 2016 5368:on January 15, 2016 4746:on December 7, 2006 4648:The Daily Telegraph 4615:, pp. 321–322. 4302:d'Gama Rose, Raul. 4065:Oxford Music Online 4010:Stratemann, Klaus. 3405:Library of Congress 3294:Deutscher Filmpreis 3167:Columbia University 2799:Grammy Hall of Fame 2793:Grammy Hall of Fame 2759:Anatomy of a Murder 2738:Anatomy of a Murder 2714:Anatomy of a Murder 2202:, debuted in 1997. 1851:Mercer referred to 1604:which produced the 1543:Anatomy of a Murder 1492:Anatomy of a Murder 1478:Anatomy of a Murder 1115:Fargo, North Dakota 705:In September 1927, 386:Washington Senators 326:for music in 1999. 283:", which brought a 259:Born and raised in 10877:RCA Victor artists 10832:Harlem Renaissance 10337:(2020, posthumous) 10315:Richard Lee Strout 10308:Gannett Newspapers 10294:The New York Times 10250:The New York Times 10235:William O. Dapping 10125:The Queen's Gambit 10118:Hildur Guðnadóttir 10095:Hildur Guðnadóttir 9716:Dances with Wolves 9606:Harold Faltermeyer 9260:Richard M. Sherman 9084:Nathaniel R. Jones 8948:Earl G. Graves Sr. 8916:John Hope Franklin 8516:Percy Lavon Julian 8476:A. Philip Randolph 8396:Robert Russa Moton 7614:Take the 'A' Train 7606:by Billy Strayhorn 7598:(unfinished opera) 7588:Sophisticated Lady 7469:Everything but You 7304:Serenade to Sweden 6703:Such Sweet Thunder 6661:Ellington Showcase 6654:Dance to the Duke! 6463:, London, May 2008 6405:Grove Music Online 5425:on August 21, 2009 5194:, pp. 310–312 5182:, pp. 218–219 5119:, pp. 129–131 4990:Vail, Ken (2002). 4919:on August 10, 2008 4829:Detroit Free Press 4802:, pp. 153–154 4790:, pp. 317–318 4547:, pp. 190–191 3865:John Franceschina 3436:Grove Music Online 2986:Take the "A" Train 2411:New Orleans Suite 2134:, 1957. The album 2115: 2096:Molefi Kete Asante 1973: 1954:United States Mint 1865:McHenry Boatwright 1857: 1842:Sophisticated Lady 1821: 1742:The Far East Suite 1698: 1670:Stratford Festival 1653:A Morning in Paris 1483: 1449:Queen Elizabeth II 1434:Such Sweet Thunder 1273: 1160:Take the "A" Train 1105:joined, replacing 1079: 1060: 926:Sophisticated Lady 754: 609:rent-house parties 575:Harlem Renaissance 563: 468:Dunbar High School 360:United States Navy 287:to big band jazz. 10892:Swing bandleaders 10772:Big band pianists 10634: 10633: 10628: 10627: 10414:Garrett Mattingly 10396:Margaret Widdemer 10181: 10180: 10035:Alexandre Desplat 9995:Alexandre Desplat 9990:The King's Speech 9960:Michael Giacchino 9932:Michael Giacchino 9601:Beverly Hills Cop 9538:Michael Boddicker 9264:Robert B. Sherman 9141: 9140: 9124:Cato T. Laurencin 8508:Thurgood Marshall 8484:William H. Hastie 8348:Carter G. Woodson 8199: 8198: 7982:Tricky Sam Nanton 7683: 7682: 7567:Prelude to a Kiss 6969:New Orleans Suite 6829:Midnight in Paris 6717:Ellington Indigos 6689:A Drum Is a Woman 6563:Harlem Jazz, 1930 6407:(by subscription) 6388: 6387: 6377: 6376: 6342: 6341: 6331: 6330: 6186:Harper's Magazine 5631:Los Angeles Times 5570:, April 25, 1999. 5302:Los Angeles Times 5258:. Alpha Phi Alpha 4951:978-0-19-509822-8 4769:"Duke Ellington: 4723:Jazz Perspectives 4681:Stars and Stripes 4559:, pp. 191–92 4531:Harvey G. Cohen, 4384:, p. 99–100. 4061:"Ellington, Duke" 3988:, pp. 53–54. 3663:, rebroadcast on 3657:Marian McPartland 3640:Current Biography 3458:978-1-56159-263-0 3325: 3324: 3267:Honorary degree, 3194:Howard University 3022: 3021: 2860:Cocktails for Two 2790: 2789: 2392:New Orleans Suite 2309:Historical Album 2217:Awards and honors 2186:released in 1976. 2094:In 2002, scholar 1913:, New York City. 1907:Woodlawn Cemetery 1819:Ellington in 1973 1795:Sturgis, Michigan 1791:Purdue University 1748:New Orleans Suite 1674:Stanley Silverman 1475:and Ellington in 1444:The Queen's Suite 1437:(1957), based on 1424:A Drum Is a Woman 1252:crooners such as 1154:", "Main Stem", " 1058:Ellington in 1939 1055: 959:Symphony in Black 882:Roseland Ballroom 878:Maurice Chevalier 633:Chocolate Kiddies 232: 231: 16:(Redirected from 10909: 10474:Edmund S. Morgan 10361: 10354: 10341:Darnella Frazier 10242:Edmonton Journal 10208: 10201: 10194: 10185: 10184: 10172:Ludwig Göransson 10083:Ludwig Göransson 9776:Independence Day 9752:Schindler's List 9674:Ryuichi Sakamoto 9661:The Last Emperor 9649:The Untouchables 9574:Michael Sembello 9443:Norman Whitfield 9168: 9161: 9154: 9145: 9144: 9134: 9126: 9118: 9110: 9102: 9094: 9086: 9078: 9070: 9062: 9054: 9046: 9038: 9030: 9022: 9014: 9006: 8998: 8990: 8988:Robert L. Carter 8982: 8974: 8966: 8958: 8950: 8942: 8934: 8926: 8918: 8910: 8902: 8894: 8886: 8878: 8870: 8862: 8854: 8846: 8838: 8826: 8818: 8810: 8802: 8794: 8786: 8774: 8766: 8754: 8746: 8738: 8730: 8722: 8714: 8706: 8698: 8690: 8682: 8674: 8666: 8658: 8650: 8642: 8640:Robert C. Weaver 8634: 8632:Kenneth B. Clark 8626: 8618: 8610: 8608:Little Rock Nine 8598: 8590: 8582: 8574: 8566: 8564:Paul R. Williams 8558: 8550: 8542: 8534: 8526: 8518: 8510: 8502: 8494: 8486: 8478: 8470: 8462: 8454: 8446: 8438: 8430: 8422: 8414: 8406: 8398: 8390: 8382: 8374: 8366: 8358: 8350: 8342: 8334: 8326: 8318: 8310: 8302: 8300:W. E. B. Du Bois 8294: 8292:Archibald Grimké 8286: 8278: 8270: 8262: 8239: 8232: 8225: 8216: 8215: 8203: 8202: 8160:Luther Henderson 7957:Murray McEachern 7952:Wendell Marshall 7907:Hilton Jefferson 7872:Shelton Hemphill 7817:Mercer Ellington 7603: 7602: 7581:(In My) Solitude 7518:In a Mellow Tone 7462:Echoes of Harlem 7413:Creole Love Call 7269:The Great Summit 7202:Togo Brava Suite 7153:Hot Summer Dance 6976:Orchestral Works 6766:Festival Session 6738:The Cosmic Scene 6633:Ellington Uptown 6532: 6525: 6518: 6509: 6508: 6493:Echos of Harlem 6442: 6397: 6396: 6394:Official website 6373: 6353: 6352: 6344: 6343: 6327: 6307: 6306: 6298: 6297: 6289: 6280: 6256: 6236: 6217: 6208: 6189: 6180: 6154: 6135: 6116: 6097: 6085: 6069: 6050: 6029: 6009: 5991: 5972: 5951: 5930: 5917: 5898: 5879: 5851: 5850: 5849:on May 21, 2015. 5839: 5833: 5832: 5820: 5814: 5813: 5806: 5800: 5799: 5797: 5795: 5780: 5774: 5773: 5771: 5769: 5754: 5748: 5747: 5745: 5743: 5726: 5720: 5719: 5717: 5715: 5700: 5694: 5693: 5691: 5689: 5674: 5668: 5667: 5665: 5663: 5648: 5642: 5641: 5639: 5637: 5623: 5617: 5616: 5614: 5612: 5598: 5592: 5577: 5571: 5565: 5559: 5552:Gunther Schuller 5544: 5538: 5537: 5519: 5513: 5512:, April 1, 2009. 5495: 5489: 5488: 5486: 5484: 5473: 5464: 5448: 5439: 5438: 5432: 5430: 5415: 5404: 5403: 5401: 5399: 5384: 5378: 5377: 5375: 5373: 5358: 5352: 5351: 5331: 5325: 5319: 5313: 5312: 5310: 5308: 5293: 5287: 5286: 5274: 5268: 5267: 5265: 5263: 5252: 5246: 5245: 5243: 5241: 5229: 5223: 5222: 5210: 5204: 5201: 5195: 5189: 5183: 5177: 5171: 5165: 5156: 5150: 5144: 5143:, pp. 33–34 5138: 5132: 5126: 5120: 5114: 5108: 5107: 5105: 5103: 5088: 5082: 5075:"Duke Ellington" 5073:Susan Robinson, 5071: 5065: 5059: 5050: 5049: 5047: 5045: 5040:on June 25, 2009 5029: 5023: 5014: 5008: 5007: 4987: 4981: 4980: 4978: 4976: 4962: 4956: 4955: 4935: 4929: 4928: 4926: 4924: 4909: 4903: 4897: 4891: 4890: 4888: 4886: 4871: 4865: 4859: 4853: 4843: 4837: 4824: 4818: 4817: 4816:. Da Capo Press. 4809: 4803: 4797: 4791: 4785: 4779: 4765: 4756: 4755: 4753: 4751: 4732: 4726: 4715:Ralph J. Gleason 4712: 4706: 4699: 4693: 4692: 4690: 4688: 4671: 4665: 4664: 4662: 4660: 4644: 4637: 4631: 4625: 4616: 4610: 4604: 4598: 4592: 4589: 4583: 4582: 4580: 4578: 4566: 4560: 4554: 4548: 4542: 4536: 4529: 4523: 4517: 4511: 4510: 4490: 4484: 4483: 4481: 4479: 4464: 4458: 4452: 4446: 4445: 4443: 4441: 4430: 4424: 4418: 4412: 4406: 4400: 4394: 4385: 4379: 4373: 4372: 4370: 4368: 4353: 4347: 4346: 4326: 4320: 4319: 4317: 4315: 4299: 4293: 4287: 4281: 4280: 4278: 4276: 4271:on June 22, 2009 4256: 4250: 4244: 4238: 4232: 4226: 4220: 4214: 4208: 4202: 4196: 4190: 4184: 4178: 4172: 4166: 4160: 4154: 4148: 4142: 4141: 4139: 4137: 4122: 4113: 4107: 4101: 4095: 4089: 4083: 4077: 4076: 4074: 4072: 4056: 4047: 4040: 4034: 4028: 4022: 4008: 4002: 3995: 3989: 3983: 3977: 3961: 3955: 3954: 3948: 3940: 3938: 3936: 3923: 3917: 3911: 3905: 3904: 3876: 3870: 3863: 3857: 3850: 3844: 3837: 3831: 3825: 3819: 3813: 3807: 3800: 3794: 3793:, pp. 46–47 3788: 3782: 3776: 3770: 3764: 3758: 3757: 3721: 3715: 3709: 3703: 3702: 3700: 3698: 3686:"Duke Ellington" 3681: 3672: 3671:, 2018 April 28. 3653:Mercer Ellington 3650: 3644: 3643: 3635: 3624: 3623: 3621: 3611: 3605: 3599: 3593: 3587: 3581: 3575: 3569: 3564: 3558: 3552: 3546: 3540: 3534: 3528: 3519: 3513: 3504: 3498: 3479: 3469: 3463: 3462: 3439:(8th ed.). 3430: 3424: 3423: 3421: 3419: 3413: 3402: 3393: 3387: 3372: 3366: 3365: 3363: 3361: 3350: 3153:Legion of Honour 3106:Special Citation 3029: 3028: 2808:Duke Ellington: 2804: 2803: 2371:Togo Brava Suite 2275: 2274: 2254:Legion of Honour 2176:wrote the song " 2088:The Boston Globe 2064:Gunther Schuller 1782:, together with 1545:was followed by 1529:Nutcracker Suite 1408:Columbia Records 1229:Beggar's Holiday 1156:Harlem Air Shaft 1148:Mercer Ellington 1056: 1033:Theater District 1021:Echoes of Harlem 950:Constant Lambert 946:London Palladium 786:Florenz Ziegfeld 771:Creole Love Call 767:Creole Love Call 750:Creole Love Call 667:Hoagy Carmichael 487:Will Marion Cook 483:James P. Johnson 388:baseball games. 316:Gunther Schuller 261:Washington, D.C. 224: 206: 203: 185: 101: 88:Washington, D.C. 84: 82: 67: 54: 51: 46: 32: 31: 21: 10917: 10916: 10912: 10911: 10910: 10908: 10907: 10906: 10897:Swing composers 10637: 10636: 10635: 10630: 10629: 10624: 10617: 10572: 10567:Aretha Franklin 10543:Thelonious Monk 10531:George Gershwin 10525:William Schuman 10491:Richard Rodgers 10479: 10402:Kenneth Roberts 10362: 10356: 10355: 10346: 10328:Capital Gazette 10301:Walter Lippmann 10217: 10212: 10182: 10177: 10160:Germaine Franco 10100: 10047:Antonio Sánchez 9965: 9939:The Dark Knight 9908:Craig Armstrong 9835:American Beauty 9822: 9691: 9654:Ennio Morricone 9622:Sharon Robinson 9578:Shandi Sinnamon 9566:Giorgio Moroder 9484: 9419:Marvin Hamlisch 9363:George Harrison 9333: 9238:No Award (1962) 9203: 9188:No Award (1958) 9177: 9172: 9142: 9137: 9129: 9121: 9113: 9108:Patrick Gaspard 9105: 9097: 9089: 9081: 9073: 9065: 9057: 9052:Harry Belafonte 9049: 9041: 9033: 9025: 9017: 9009: 9001: 8993: 8985: 8977: 8969: 8961: 8953: 8945: 8937: 8929: 8921: 8913: 8905: 8897: 8889: 8881: 8873: 8865: 8857: 8849: 8841: 8829: 8821: 8813: 8805: 8797: 8789: 8777: 8769: 8757: 8749: 8741: 8733: 8725: 8717: 8709: 8701: 8693: 8688:Sammy Davis Jr. 8685: 8677: 8672:John H. Johnson 8669: 8661: 8653: 8645: 8637: 8629: 8624:Langston Hughes 8621: 8613: 8601: 8593: 8588:Jackie Robinson 8585: 8577: 8569: 8561: 8553: 8545: 8537: 8529: 8521: 8513: 8505: 8497: 8492:Charles R. Drew 8489: 8481: 8473: 8465: 8460:Louis T. Wright 8457: 8452:Marian Anderson 8449: 8441: 8433: 8425: 8417: 8409: 8401: 8393: 8385: 8377: 8369: 8361: 8356:Anthony Overton 8353: 8345: 8337: 8329: 8321: 8313: 8305: 8297: 8289: 8281: 8273: 8265: 8257: 8249: 8243: 8208: 8200: 8195: 8191:Steve Ellington 8128:Sacred Concerts 8111: 8087:Skippy Williams 8082:Nelson Williams 8077:Cootie Williams 8042:Billy Strayhorn 7997:Russell Procope 7987:Oscar Pettiford 7917:Freddie Jenkins 7902:Quentin Jackson 7807:Wilbur de Paris 7802:Wild Bill Davis 7689: 7679: 7654: 7601: 7574:Rocks in My Bed 7344: 7228: 7049: 6801:Unknown Session 6550: 6541: 6536: 6392: 6391: 6369: 6323: 6296: 6277: 6253: 6233: 6205: 6177: 6161: 6159:Further reading 6151: 6132: 6113: 6094: 6066: 6047: 6026: 6007: 5988: 5969: 5948: 5920: 5914: 5895: 5876: 5860: 5855: 5854: 5841: 5840: 5836: 5821: 5817: 5808: 5807: 5803: 5793: 5791: 5782: 5781: 5777: 5767: 5765: 5764:on May 18, 2013 5756: 5755: 5751: 5741: 5739: 5727: 5723: 5713: 5711: 5702: 5701: 5697: 5687: 5685: 5675: 5671: 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4656: 4639: 4638: 4634: 4626: 4619: 4611: 4607: 4599: 4595: 4590: 4586: 4576: 4574: 4567: 4563: 4555: 4551: 4543: 4539: 4530: 4526: 4518: 4514: 4507: 4491: 4487: 4477: 4475: 4466: 4465: 4461: 4453: 4449: 4439: 4437: 4432: 4431: 4427: 4419: 4415: 4407: 4403: 4395: 4388: 4380: 4376: 4366: 4364: 4354: 4350: 4343: 4327: 4323: 4313: 4311: 4310:on July 7, 2012 4300: 4296: 4288: 4284: 4274: 4272: 4257: 4253: 4245: 4241: 4233: 4229: 4221: 4217: 4209: 4205: 4197: 4193: 4185: 4181: 4175:Stratemann 1992 4173: 4169: 4161: 4157: 4149: 4145: 4135: 4133: 4123: 4116: 4108: 4104: 4096: 4092: 4084: 4080: 4070: 4068: 4059:Hodeir, André. 4057: 4050: 4041: 4037: 4029: 4025: 4009: 4005: 3997:Ulanov, Barry. 3996: 3992: 3984: 3980: 3974:Wayback Machine 3962: 3958: 3942: 3941: 3934: 3932: 3925: 3924: 3920: 3912: 3908: 3893:10.2307/3824163 3877: 3873: 3864: 3860: 3852:Duke Ellington 3851: 3847: 3838: 3834: 3826: 3822: 3814: 3810: 3801: 3797: 3789: 3785: 3777: 3773: 3765: 3761: 3738:10.2307/4134056 3722: 3718: 3710: 3706: 3696: 3694: 3682: 3675: 3651: 3647: 3636: 3627: 3612: 3608: 3600: 3596: 3588: 3584: 3576: 3572: 3565: 3561: 3553: 3549: 3541: 3537: 3529: 3522: 3514: 3507: 3499: 3482: 3476:Billy Strayhorn 3470: 3466: 3459: 3431: 3427: 3417: 3415: 3411: 3400: 3394: 3390: 3373: 3369: 3359: 3357: 3352: 3351: 3347: 3342: 3330: 3305:Winfried Zillig 3244:Yale University 3086: 3071:Gennett Records 3027: 2795: 2754: 2733: 2731: 2602:Night Creature 2560: 2511:Special Awards 2483: 2460: 2448:Special Awards 2442:Trustees Award 2313: 2279:Duke Ellington 2270: 2219: 2214: 2208: 2142:Louis Armstrong 2076:Martin Williams 2066:wrote in 1989: 2044: 1977:Riverside Drive 1924: 1919: 1900:Ella Fitzgerald 1884: 1872:Alpha Phi Alpha 1813: 1757:(1971) and the 1714:Sacred Concerts 1694:President Nixon 1682: 1665:Timon of Athens 1660:Michael Langham 1627:Cootie Williams 1586:Coleman Hawkins 1578:Louis Armstrong 1453:Ella Fitzgerald 1412:Irving Townsend 1365: 1335:Dizzy Gillespie 1249: 1212:Charlie Chaplin 1169:Never No Lament 1107:Cootie Williams 1071: 1063:Billy Strayhorn 1049: 1025:Cootie Williams 1004: 932:" (1934), and " 902: 802:George Gershwin 779:Cootie Williams 720:illicit alcohol 659: 583:musical theater 567:Wilber Sweatman 516: 511: 499:Pratt Institute 480:stride pianists 332: 292:Billy Strayhorn 235: 200: 183: 160: 128: 103: 99: 86: 80: 78: 65: 55: 52: 37: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 10915: 10905: 10904: 10902:Swing pianists 10899: 10894: 10889: 10884: 10879: 10874: 10869: 10864: 10859: 10854: 10849: 10844: 10839: 10834: 10829: 10824: 10819: 10814: 10809: 10804: 10799: 10794: 10789: 10784: 10779: 10774: 10769: 10764: 10759: 10754: 10749: 10744: 10739: 10734: 10729: 10724: 10719: 10714: 10709: 10704: 10699: 10694: 10689: 10684: 10679: 10674: 10669: 10664: 10659: 10654: 10649: 10647:Duke Ellington 10632: 10631: 10626: 10625: 10622: 10619: 10618: 10616: 10615: 10609: 10606:John Hohenberg 10603: 10597: 10587: 10580: 10578: 10574: 10573: 10571: 10570: 10564: 10558: 10552: 10546: 10540: 10537:Duke Ellington 10534: 10528: 10522: 10519:Milton Babbitt 10516: 10510: 10507:Roger Sessions 10504: 10487: 10485: 10481: 10480: 10478: 10477: 10471: 10462:Art Spiegelman 10459: 10453: 10447: 10435: 10425: 10417: 10405: 10399: 10381: 10370: 10368: 10364: 10363: 10349: 10347: 10345: 10344: 10338: 10332: 10324: 10318: 10312: 10304: 10298: 10290: 10278: 10268: 10260: 10254: 10246: 10238: 10232: 10225: 10223: 10219: 10218: 10211: 10210: 10203: 10196: 10188: 10179: 10178: 10176: 10175: 10163: 10151: 10121: 10108: 10106: 10102: 10101: 10099: 10098: 10086: 10074: 10071:Justin Hurwitz 10062: 10050: 10038: 10026: 10014: 9998: 9986: 9973: 9971: 9967: 9966: 9964: 9963: 9951: 9935: 9923: 9911: 9899: 9883: 9867: 9855: 9843: 9830: 9828: 9824: 9823: 9821: 9820: 9808: 9796: 9784: 9772: 9760: 9748: 9736: 9724: 9712: 9699: 9697: 9693: 9692: 9690: 9689: 9677: 9657: 9645: 9633: 9626:Danny Sembello 9604:– Marc Benno, 9597: 9594:the Revolution 9581: 9529: 9517: 9505: 9492: 9490: 9486: 9485: 9483: 9482: 9470: 9458: 9446: 9434: 9422: 9406: 9394: 9382: 9370: 9359:Paul McCartney 9341: 9339: 9335: 9334: 9332: 9331: 9328:Burt Bacharach 9319: 9303: 9291: 9283:Doctor Zhivago 9279: 9267: 9251: 9239: 9236: 9224: 9211: 9209: 9205: 9204: 9202: 9201: 9198:Duke Ellington 9189: 9185: 9183: 9179: 9178: 9171: 9170: 9163: 9156: 9148: 9139: 9138: 9136: 9135: 9127: 9119: 9111: 9103: 9095: 9087: 9079: 9076:Sidney Poitier 9071: 9063: 9055: 9047: 9039: 9031: 9023: 9015: 9007: 8999: 8991: 8983: 8975: 8967: 8959: 8951: 8943: 8935: 8927: 8919: 8911: 8903: 8900:Dorothy Height 8895: 8892:Barbara Jordan 8887: 8879: 8876:Douglas Wilder 8871: 8863: 8855: 8847: 8844:Benjamin Hooks 8839: 8827: 8819: 8811: 8803: 8795: 8787: 8775: 8767: 8755: 8747: 8739: 8731: 8723: 8715: 8707: 8704:Jacob Lawrence 8699: 8691: 8683: 8675: 8667: 8664:Leontyne Price 8659: 8651: 8643: 8635: 8627: 8619: 8616:Duke Ellington 8611: 8599: 8591: 8583: 8580:Carl J. Murphy 8575: 8567: 8559: 8556:Harry T. Moore 8551: 8543: 8535: 8527: 8519: 8511: 8503: 8495: 8487: 8479: 8471: 8468:Richard Wright 8463: 8455: 8447: 8439: 8431: 8423: 8415: 8407: 8399: 8391: 8383: 8375: 8367: 8359: 8351: 8343: 8335: 8327: 8319: 8311: 8303: 8295: 8287: 8279: 8276:Harry Burleigh 8271: 8263: 8254: 8251: 8250: 8246:Spingarn Medal 8242: 8241: 8234: 8227: 8219: 8213: 8210: 8209: 8197: 8196: 8194: 8193: 8188: 8181: 8174: 8167: 8162: 8157: 8152: 8147: 8146: 8145: 8135: 8130: 8125: 8119: 8117: 8113: 8112: 8110: 8109: 8104: 8099: 8094: 8089: 8084: 8079: 8074: 8072:Arthur Whetsel 8069: 8064: 8059: 8054: 8049: 8044: 8039: 8034: 8029: 8024: 8019: 8014: 8009: 8004: 7999: 7994: 7989: 7984: 7979: 7974: 7969: 7964: 7959: 7954: 7949: 7944: 7939: 7934: 7929: 7924: 7919: 7914: 7909: 7904: 7899: 7894: 7889: 7884: 7879: 7877:Rick Henderson 7874: 7869: 7864: 7862:Jimmy Hamilton 7859: 7854: 7849: 7847:Paul Gonsalves 7844: 7839: 7834: 7829: 7824: 7819: 7814: 7809: 7804: 7799: 7794: 7789: 7784: 7779: 7774: 7772:Lawrence Brown 7769: 7764: 7759: 7754: 7749: 7744: 7739: 7734: 7729: 7724: 7719: 7714: 7709: 7704: 7699: 7693: 7691: 7685: 7684: 7681: 7680: 7678: 7677: 7670: 7662: 7660: 7656: 7655: 7653: 7652: 7645: 7638: 7631: 7628:Chelsea Bridge 7624: 7617: 7609: 7607: 7600: 7599: 7591: 7584: 7577: 7570: 7563: 7556: 7549: 7542: 7535: 7528: 7521: 7514: 7507: 7500: 7493: 7486: 7479: 7472: 7465: 7458: 7451: 7444: 7437: 7430: 7423: 7416: 7409: 7402: 7395: 7388: 7381: 7374: 7367: 7360: 7357:African Flower 7352: 7350: 7346: 7345: 7343: 7342: 7335: 7328: 7321: 7314: 7307: 7300: 7293: 7286: 7279: 7272: 7265: 7258: 7251: 7244: 7236: 7234: 7233:Collaborations 7230: 7229: 7227: 7226: 7219: 7212: 7205: 7198: 7191: 7184: 7177: 7170: 7163: 7156: 7149: 7142: 7135: 7128: 7121: 7114: 7107: 7100: 7093: 7086: 7079: 7072: 7065: 7057: 7055: 7051: 7050: 7048: 7047: 7045:Mood Ellington 7042: 7035: 7028: 7021: 7014: 7007: 7000: 6993: 6986: 6979: 6972: 6965: 6958: 6951: 6944: 6937: 6930: 6923: 6916: 6913:Far East Suite 6909: 6902: 6895: 6888: 6881: 6874: 6867: 6860: 6853: 6846: 6839: 6832: 6825: 6818: 6811: 6804: 6797: 6790: 6783: 6776: 6773:Blues in Orbit 6769: 6762: 6755: 6748: 6741: 6734: 6727: 6720: 6713: 6706: 6699: 6692: 6685: 6678: 6671: 6664: 6657: 6650: 6643: 6636: 6629: 6622: 6615: 6612:Liberian Suite 6608: 6601: 6594: 6587: 6580: 6573: 6566: 6558: 6556: 6552: 6551: 6546: 6543: 6542: 6539:Duke Ellington 6535: 6534: 6527: 6520: 6512: 6506: 6505: 6503:Richard Durham 6489: 6479: 6474: 6467:Duke Ellington 6464: 6458: 6452: 6443: 6432:Duke Ellington 6429: 6423:Duke Ellington 6420: 6414: 6408: 6401:Duke Ellington 6398: 6386: 6385: 6379: 6378: 6375: 6374: 6367: 6363: 6362: 6357: 6349: 6348: 6340: 6339: 6333: 6332: 6329: 6328: 6321: 6317: 6316: 6311: 6303: 6302: 6295: 6294:External links 6292: 6291: 6290: 6286:Duke Ellington 6281: 6275: 6258: 6252:978-0195071405 6251: 6238: 6232:978-0195040432 6231: 6218: 6209: 6203: 6190: 6181: 6176:978-0393246230 6175: 6160: 6157: 6156: 6155: 6149: 6136: 6131:978-0195093919 6130: 6117: 6112:978-1565847699 6111: 6103:Giants of Jazz 6098: 6093:978-1592407491 6092: 6075: 6064: 6051: 6045: 6030: 6024: 6011: 6005: 5992: 5987:978-0865475120 5986: 5973: 5968:978-1316194133 5967: 5952: 5946: 5933: 5932: 5931: 5913:978-0226112633 5912: 5899: 5894:978-0472114702 5893: 5880: 5875:978-0887809255 5874: 5859: 5856: 5853: 5852: 5834: 5815: 5801: 5775: 5749: 5721: 5695: 5669: 5643: 5618: 5593: 5572: 5560: 5539: 5532: 5514: 5490: 5465: 5440: 5405: 5379: 5353: 5347:978-1904341666 5346: 5337:Duke Ellington 5326: 5324:, p. 385. 5314: 5288: 5269: 5247: 5232:Yanow, Scott. 5224: 5205: 5196: 5184: 5172: 5157: 5145: 5133: 5121: 5109: 5083: 5081:magazine, n.d. 5066: 5051: 5024: 5009: 5003:978-0810841192 5002: 4982: 4957: 4950: 4930: 4904: 4902:, p. 269. 4900:Ellington 1976 4892: 4866: 4854: 4838: 4819: 4804: 4792: 4780: 4757: 4727: 4707: 4694: 4666: 4632: 4617: 4605: 4603:, p. 274. 4593: 4584: 4561: 4549: 4537: 4524: 4522:, p. 131. 4512: 4506:978-0520077645 4505: 4485: 4459: 4457:, p. 121. 4447: 4425: 4413: 4401: 4386: 4374: 4348: 4342:978-0300182576 4341: 4321: 4294: 4292:, p. 156. 4290:Ellington 1976 4282: 4251: 4239: 4227: 4225:, p. 203. 4215: 4203: 4191: 4179: 4167: 4155: 4143: 4114: 4102: 4090: 4078: 4048: 4044:Percy Grainger 4035: 4023: 4003: 3999:Duke Ellington 3990: 3978: 3956: 3918: 3906: 3871: 3858: 3845: 3839:Gutman, Bill. 3832: 3820: 3808: 3795: 3783: 3771: 3759: 3732:(4): 291–315. 3716: 3704: 3673: 3645: 3625: 3606: 3602:Ellington 1976 3594: 3590:Ellington 1976 3582: 3570: 3559: 3547: 3535: 3520: 3505: 3480: 3464: 3457: 3425: 3396:O'Dell, Cary. 3388: 3384:978-0865475120 3367: 3344: 3343: 3341: 3338: 3337: 3336: 3329: 3326: 3323: 3322: 3320: 3312: 3308: 3307: 3297: 3291: 3287: 3286: 3284: 3279: 3275: 3274: 3272: 3269:Milton College 3265: 3261: 3260: 3258: 3253: 3249: 3248: 3246: 3240: 3236: 3235: 3232: 3227: 3223: 3222: 3220: 3215: 3211: 3210: 3208: 3203: 3199: 3198: 3196: 3190: 3186: 3185: 3183: 3177: 3173: 3172: 3169: 3163: 3159: 3158: 3155: 3149: 3145: 3144: 3142: 3139: 3135: 3134: 3131: 3125: 3121: 3120: 3118: 3113: 3109: 3108: 3103: 3101:Pulitzer Prize 3098: 3094: 3093: 3091: 3081: 3077: 3076: 3074: 3068: 3064: 3063: 3060: 3055: 3051: 3050: 3049:June 18, 2022 3047: 3044: 3040: 3039: 3036: 3033: 3026: 3023: 3020: 3019: 3016: 3013: 3012:Jazz (single) 3010: 3003: 2999: 2998: 2995: 2992: 2991:Jazz (single) 2989: 2982: 2978: 2977: 2974: 2971: 2970:Jazz (single) 2968: 2961: 2957: 2956: 2953: 2950: 2949:Jazz (single) 2947: 2940: 2936: 2935: 2932: 2929: 2926: 2923:Far East Suite 2919: 2915: 2914: 2911: 2908: 2907:Jazz (single) 2905: 2898: 2894: 2893: 2890: 2887: 2884: 2877: 2873: 2872: 2869: 2866: 2865:Jazz (single) 2863: 2856: 2852: 2851: 2848: 2845: 2844:Jazz (single) 2842: 2835: 2831: 2830: 2829:Year Inducted 2827: 2824: 2821: 2818: 2817:Year Recorded 2814: 2813: 2794: 2791: 2788: 2787: 2784: 2781: 2775: 2772: 2768: 2767: 2764: 2761: 2756: 2751: 2747: 2746: 2743: 2740: 2735: 2728: 2724: 2723: 2720: 2717: 2710: 2707: 2703: 2702: 2699: 2696: 2693: 2690: 2686: 2685: 2682: 2679: 2676: 2673: 2669: 2668: 2665: 2662: 2654: 2651: 2647: 2646: 2643: 2640: 2639:"Paris Blues" 2637: 2634: 2630: 2629: 2626: 2623: 2617: 2614: 2610: 2609: 2606: 2603: 2600: 2597: 2593: 2592: 2589: 2586: 2583: 2580: 2576: 2575: 2572: 2569: 2562: 2557: 2553: 2552: 2549: 2546: 2540: 2537: 2533: 2532: 2529: 2526: 2523: 2520: 2516: 2515: 2512: 2509: 2506: 2503: 2499: 2498: 2495: 2492: 2489:Far East Suite 2485: 2480: 2476: 2475: 2472: 2469: 2462: 2457: 2453: 2452: 2449: 2446: 2443: 2440: 2436: 2435: 2432: 2429: 2426: 2423: 2419: 2418: 2415: 2412: 2409: 2406: 2402: 2401: 2398: 2395: 2388: 2385: 2381: 2380: 2377: 2374: 2367: 2364: 2360: 2359: 2356: 2353: 2346: 2343: 2339: 2338: 2335: 2332: 2329: 2326: 2322: 2321: 2318: 2315: 2310: 2307: 2303: 2302: 2299: 2296: 2293: 2290: 2286: 2285: 2269: 2266: 2265: 2264: 2261:Pulitzer Prize 2257: 2250: 2244: 2237: 2230: 2227: 2218: 2215: 2210:Main article: 2207: 2204: 2188: 2187: 2171: 2168:Charles Mingus 2165: 2161:Get Up with It 2149: 2043: 2040: 1943:Aniekan Udofia 1923: 1920: 1918: 1915: 1883: 1880: 1855:as his mother. 1812: 1809: 1784:Maurice Peress 1681: 1678: 1655:, 1963/1997). 1612:United Artists 1598:Charles Mingus 1557:Sidney Poitier 1521:Sweet Thursday 1517:John Steinbeck 1499:and featuring 1497:Otto Preminger 1394:George Avakian 1377:Paul Gonsalves 1364: 1363:Career revival 1361: 1327:Paul Gonsalves 1248: 1245: 1070: 1067: 1013:Lawrence Brown 1003: 1000: 966:, and won the 964:Billie Holiday 901: 898: 886:Percy Grainger 838:diatonic scale 822:Duke Ellington 794:Eddie Foy, Jr. 679:acoustic sides 671:Dorothy Fields 658: 655: 544:Arthur Whetsel 515: 512: 510: 507: 406:Luckey Roberts 402:Claude Hopkins 331: 328: 320:Barry Kernfeld 254:jazz orchestra 238:Edward Kennedy 234:Musical artist 233: 230: 229: 226: 225: 217: 216: 212: 211: 208: 207: 198: 194: 193: 190: 189: 186: 180: 179: 174: 170: 169: 166: 162: 161: 159: 158: 155: 152: 149: 146: 143: 140: 136: 134: 130: 129: 127: 126: 121: 115: 113: 109: 108: 102:(aged 75) 96: 92: 91: 85:April 29, 1899 76: 72: 71: 68: 62: 61: 57: 56: 47: 39: 38: 36:Duke Ellington 35: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 10914: 10903: 10900: 10898: 10895: 10893: 10890: 10888: 10885: 10883: 10880: 10878: 10875: 10873: 10870: 10868: 10865: 10863: 10860: 10858: 10855: 10853: 10850: 10848: 10845: 10843: 10840: 10838: 10835: 10833: 10830: 10828: 10825: 10823: 10820: 10818: 10815: 10813: 10810: 10808: 10805: 10803: 10800: 10798: 10795: 10793: 10790: 10788: 10785: 10783: 10780: 10778: 10775: 10773: 10770: 10768: 10765: 10763: 10760: 10758: 10755: 10753: 10750: 10748: 10745: 10743: 10740: 10738: 10735: 10733: 10730: 10728: 10725: 10723: 10720: 10718: 10715: 10713: 10710: 10708: 10705: 10703: 10700: 10698: 10695: 10693: 10690: 10688: 10685: 10683: 10680: 10678: 10675: 10673: 10670: 10668: 10665: 10663: 10660: 10658: 10655: 10653: 10650: 10648: 10645: 10644: 10642: 10620: 10613: 10610: 10607: 10604: 10601: 10598: 10595: 10591: 10588: 10585: 10582: 10581: 10579: 10575: 10568: 10565: 10562: 10561:Hank Williams 10559: 10556: 10553: 10550: 10547: 10544: 10541: 10538: 10535: 10532: 10529: 10526: 10523: 10520: 10517: 10514: 10511: 10508: 10505: 10502: 10501: 10496: 10492: 10489: 10488: 10486: 10482: 10475: 10472: 10469: 10468: 10463: 10460: 10457: 10454: 10451: 10448: 10445: 10441: 10440: 10436: 10433: 10429: 10426: 10423: 10422: 10418: 10415: 10411: 10410: 10406: 10403: 10400: 10397: 10393: 10389: 10388:Carl Sandburg 10385: 10382: 10379: 10378:Sara Teasdale 10375: 10372: 10371: 10369: 10365: 10360: 10353: 10342: 10339: 10336: 10333: 10330: 10329: 10325: 10322: 10319: 10316: 10313: 10310: 10309: 10305: 10302: 10299: 10296: 10295: 10291: 10288: 10287: 10282: 10279: 10276: 10272: 10269: 10266: 10265: 10261: 10258: 10255: 10252: 10251: 10247: 10244: 10243: 10239: 10236: 10233: 10230: 10229:Frank I. Cobb 10227: 10226: 10224: 10220: 10216: 10209: 10204: 10202: 10197: 10195: 10190: 10189: 10186: 10173: 10169: 10168: 10164: 10161: 10157: 10156: 10152: 10149: 10145: 10141: 10137: 10136: 10131: 10127: 10126: 10122: 10119: 10115: 10114: 10110: 10109: 10107: 10103: 10096: 10092: 10091: 10087: 10084: 10080: 10079: 10078:Black Panther 10075: 10072: 10068: 10067: 10063: 10060: 10059:John Williams 10056: 10055: 10051: 10048: 10044: 10043: 10039: 10036: 10032: 10031: 10027: 10024: 10023:Thomas Newman 10020: 10019: 10015: 10012: 10008: 10004: 10003: 9999: 9996: 9992: 9991: 9987: 9984: 9980: 9979: 9975: 9974: 9972: 9968: 9961: 9957: 9956: 9952: 9949: 9945: 9941: 9940: 9936: 9933: 9929: 9928: 9924: 9921: 9920:John Williams 9917: 9916: 9912: 9909: 9905: 9904: 9900: 9897: 9893: 9889: 9888: 9884: 9881: 9877: 9873: 9872: 9868: 9865: 9861: 9860: 9856: 9853: 9849: 9848: 9844: 9841: 9840:Thomas Newman 9837: 9836: 9832: 9831: 9829: 9825: 9818: 9814: 9813: 9809: 9806: 9805:John Williams 9802: 9801: 9797: 9794: 9793:Gabriel Yared 9790: 9789: 9785: 9782: 9778: 9777: 9773: 9770: 9766: 9765: 9761: 9758: 9757:John Williams 9754: 9753: 9749: 9746: 9742: 9741: 9737: 9734: 9730: 9729: 9725: 9722: 9718: 9717: 9713: 9710: 9706: 9705: 9701: 9700: 9698: 9694: 9687: 9683: 9682: 9678: 9675: 9671: 9667: 9663: 9662: 9658: 9655: 9651: 9650: 9646: 9643: 9639: 9638: 9637:Out of Africa 9634: 9631: 9627: 9623: 9619: 9618:Howard Hewett 9615: 9611: 9607: 9603: 9602: 9598: 9595: 9591: 9587: 9586: 9582: 9579: 9575: 9571: 9567: 9563: 9559: 9555: 9551: 9547: 9543: 9539: 9535: 9534: 9530: 9527: 9526:John Williams 9523: 9522: 9518: 9515: 9514:John Williams 9511: 9510: 9506: 9503: 9502:John Williams 9499: 9498: 9494: 9493: 9491: 9487: 9480: 9479:John Williams 9476: 9475: 9471: 9468: 9467:John Williams 9464: 9463: 9459: 9456: 9455:John Williams 9452: 9451: 9447: 9444: 9440: 9439: 9435: 9432: 9431:John Williams 9428: 9427: 9423: 9420: 9416: 9412: 9411: 9407: 9404: 9400: 9399: 9395: 9392: 9388: 9387: 9386:The Godfather 9383: 9380: 9376: 9375: 9371: 9368: 9364: 9360: 9356: 9352: 9348: 9347: 9343: 9342: 9340: 9336: 9329: 9325: 9324: 9320: 9317: 9313: 9309: 9308: 9304: 9301: 9300:Lalo Schifrin 9297: 9296: 9292: 9289: 9288:Maurice Jarre 9285: 9284: 9280: 9277: 9276:Johnny Mandel 9273: 9272: 9271:The Sandpiper 9268: 9265: 9261: 9257: 9256: 9252: 9249: 9245: 9244: 9240: 9237: 9234: 9233:Henry Mancini 9230: 9229: 9225: 9222: 9218: 9217: 9213: 9212: 9210: 9206: 9199: 9195: 9194: 9190: 9187: 9186: 9184: 9180: 9176: 9169: 9164: 9162: 9157: 9155: 9150: 9149: 9146: 9133: 9128: 9125: 9120: 9117: 9112: 9109: 9104: 9101: 9096: 9093: 9088: 9085: 9080: 9077: 9072: 9069: 9064: 9061: 9060:Jessye Norman 9056: 9053: 9048: 9045: 9040: 9037: 9032: 9029: 9024: 9021: 9016: 9013: 9008: 9005: 9000: 8997: 8992: 8989: 8984: 8981: 8976: 8973: 8968: 8965: 8964:Vernon Jordan 8960: 8957: 8956:Oprah Winfrey 8952: 8949: 8944: 8941: 8936: 8933: 8928: 8925: 8920: 8917: 8912: 8909: 8904: 8901: 8896: 8893: 8888: 8885: 8880: 8877: 8872: 8869: 8868:Jesse Jackson 8864: 8861: 8856: 8853: 8848: 8845: 8840: 8837: 8833: 8828: 8825: 8820: 8817: 8812: 8809: 8804: 8801: 8800:Coleman Young 8796: 8793: 8792:Rayford Logan 8788: 8785: 8781: 8776: 8773: 8768: 8765: 8761: 8756: 8753: 8748: 8745: 8740: 8737: 8732: 8729: 8724: 8721: 8716: 8713: 8712:Leon Sullivan 8708: 8705: 8700: 8697: 8692: 8689: 8684: 8681: 8680:Edward Brooke 8676: 8673: 8668: 8665: 8660: 8657: 8652: 8649: 8644: 8641: 8636: 8633: 8628: 8625: 8620: 8617: 8612: 8609: 8605: 8600: 8597: 8592: 8589: 8584: 8581: 8576: 8573: 8568: 8565: 8560: 8557: 8552: 8549: 8544: 8541: 8536: 8533: 8528: 8525: 8520: 8517: 8512: 8509: 8504: 8501: 8496: 8493: 8488: 8485: 8480: 8477: 8472: 8469: 8464: 8461: 8456: 8453: 8448: 8445: 8440: 8437: 8432: 8429: 8424: 8421: 8416: 8413: 8408: 8405: 8400: 8397: 8392: 8389: 8384: 8381: 8380:Henry A. Hunt 8376: 8373: 8368: 8365: 8360: 8357: 8352: 8349: 8344: 8341: 8336: 8333: 8328: 8325: 8320: 8317: 8312: 8309: 8304: 8301: 8296: 8293: 8288: 8285: 8280: 8277: 8272: 8269: 8268:Charles Young 8264: 8261: 8256: 8255: 8252: 8247: 8240: 8235: 8233: 8228: 8226: 8221: 8220: 8217: 8211: 8204: 8192: 8189: 8187: 8186: 8182: 8180: 8179: 8175: 8173: 8172: 8168: 8166: 8163: 8161: 8158: 8156: 8153: 8151: 8148: 8144: 8141: 8140: 8139: 8136: 8134: 8131: 8129: 8126: 8124: 8121: 8120: 8118: 8114: 8108: 8105: 8103: 8102:Britt Woodman 8100: 8098: 8095: 8093: 8090: 8088: 8085: 8083: 8080: 8078: 8075: 8073: 8070: 8068: 8065: 8063: 8062:Norris Turney 8060: 8058: 8055: 8053: 8050: 8048: 8045: 8043: 8040: 8038: 8035: 8033: 8032:Elmer Snowden 8030: 8028: 8025: 8023: 8022:Joya Sherrill 8020: 8018: 8015: 8013: 8010: 8008: 8005: 8003: 8002:Junior Raglin 8000: 7998: 7995: 7993: 7992:Eddie Preston 7990: 7988: 7985: 7983: 7980: 7978: 7975: 7973: 7970: 7968: 7965: 7963: 7962:Louis Metcalf 7960: 7958: 7955: 7953: 7950: 7948: 7945: 7943: 7940: 7938: 7935: 7933: 7932:Wallace Jones 7930: 7928: 7925: 7923: 7922:Money Johnson 7920: 7918: 7915: 7913: 7912:Herb Jeffries 7910: 7908: 7905: 7903: 7900: 7898: 7897:Charlie Irvis 7895: 7893: 7890: 7888: 7887:Johnny Hodges 7885: 7883: 7880: 7878: 7875: 7873: 7870: 7868: 7867:Otto Hardwick 7865: 7863: 7860: 7858: 7855: 7853: 7850: 7848: 7845: 7843: 7840: 7838: 7835: 7833: 7832:Victor Gaskin 7830: 7828: 7827:Jimmy Forrest 7825: 7823: 7820: 7818: 7815: 7813: 7810: 7808: 7805: 7803: 7800: 7798: 7795: 7793: 7792:Buster Cooper 7790: 7788: 7785: 7783: 7780: 7778: 7775: 7773: 7770: 7768: 7767:Wellman Braud 7765: 7763: 7762:Jimmy Blanton 7760: 7758: 7757:Lou Blackburn 7755: 7753: 7752:Barney Bigard 7750: 7748: 7745: 7743: 7742:Louie Bellson 7740: 7738: 7735: 7733: 7730: 7728: 7727:Butch Ballard 7725: 7723: 7720: 7718: 7715: 7713: 7710: 7708: 7707:Ivie Anderson 7705: 7703: 7700: 7698: 7695: 7694: 7692: 7686: 7675: 7671: 7668: 7664: 7663: 7661: 7659:by Juan Tizol 7657: 7650: 7646: 7643: 7639: 7636: 7632: 7629: 7625: 7622: 7618: 7615: 7611: 7610: 7608: 7604: 7597: 7596: 7592: 7589: 7585: 7582: 7578: 7575: 7571: 7568: 7564: 7561: 7557: 7554: 7550: 7547: 7543: 7540: 7536: 7533: 7529: 7526: 7522: 7519: 7515: 7512: 7508: 7505: 7501: 7498: 7494: 7491: 7487: 7484: 7480: 7477: 7473: 7470: 7466: 7463: 7459: 7456: 7452: 7449: 7445: 7442: 7438: 7435: 7431: 7428: 7424: 7421: 7417: 7414: 7410: 7407: 7403: 7400: 7396: 7393: 7389: 7386: 7382: 7379: 7375: 7372: 7368: 7365: 7361: 7358: 7354: 7353: 7351: 7347: 7341: 7340: 7336: 7334: 7333: 7329: 7327: 7326: 7322: 7320: 7319: 7315: 7313: 7312: 7308: 7306: 7305: 7301: 7299: 7298: 7294: 7292: 7291: 7287: 7285: 7284: 7280: 7278: 7277: 7273: 7271: 7270: 7266: 7264: 7263: 7259: 7257: 7256: 7252: 7250: 7249: 7245: 7243: 7242: 7238: 7237: 7235: 7231: 7225: 7224: 7220: 7218: 7217: 7213: 7211: 7210: 7206: 7204: 7203: 7199: 7197: 7196: 7192: 7190: 7189: 7185: 7183: 7182: 7178: 7176: 7175: 7171: 7169: 7168: 7164: 7162: 7161: 7157: 7155: 7154: 7150: 7148: 7147: 7143: 7141: 7140: 7136: 7134: 7133: 7129: 7127: 7126: 7122: 7120: 7119: 7115: 7113: 7112: 7108: 7106: 7105: 7101: 7099: 7098: 7094: 7092: 7091: 7087: 7085: 7084: 7080: 7078: 7077: 7073: 7071: 7070: 7066: 7064: 7063: 7059: 7058: 7056: 7052: 7046: 7043: 7041: 7040: 7036: 7034: 7033: 7029: 7027: 7026: 7022: 7020: 7019: 7015: 7013: 7012: 7008: 7006: 7005: 7001: 6999: 6998: 6994: 6992: 6991: 6987: 6985: 6984: 6980: 6978: 6977: 6973: 6971: 6970: 6966: 6964: 6963: 6959: 6957: 6956: 6952: 6950: 6949: 6945: 6943: 6942: 6938: 6936: 6935: 6931: 6929: 6928: 6924: 6922: 6921: 6920:The Jaywalker 6917: 6915: 6914: 6910: 6908: 6907: 6903: 6901: 6900: 6896: 6894: 6893: 6892:Ellington '66 6889: 6887: 6886: 6882: 6880: 6879: 6878:Ellington '65 6875: 6873: 6872: 6868: 6866: 6865: 6861: 6859: 6858: 6854: 6852: 6851: 6847: 6845: 6844: 6840: 6838: 6837: 6833: 6831: 6830: 6826: 6824: 6823: 6819: 6817: 6816: 6812: 6810: 6809: 6805: 6803: 6802: 6798: 6796: 6795: 6791: 6789: 6788: 6784: 6782: 6781: 6777: 6775: 6774: 6770: 6768: 6767: 6763: 6761: 6760: 6756: 6754: 6753: 6749: 6747: 6746: 6745:Happy Reunion 6742: 6740: 6739: 6735: 6733: 6732: 6728: 6726: 6725: 6721: 6719: 6718: 6714: 6712: 6711: 6707: 6705: 6704: 6700: 6698: 6697: 6693: 6691: 6690: 6686: 6684: 6683: 6679: 6677: 6676: 6672: 6670: 6669: 6665: 6663: 6662: 6658: 6656: 6655: 6651: 6649: 6648: 6647:Ellington '55 6644: 6642: 6641: 6637: 6635: 6634: 6630: 6628: 6627: 6623: 6621: 6620: 6616: 6614: 6613: 6609: 6607: 6606: 6602: 6600: 6599: 6595: 6593: 6592: 6588: 6586: 6585: 6581: 6579: 6578: 6574: 6572: 6571: 6567: 6565: 6564: 6560: 6559: 6557: 6555:Studio albums 6553: 6549: 6544: 6540: 6533: 6528: 6526: 6521: 6519: 6514: 6513: 6510: 6504: 6501:, written by 6500: 6499: 6494: 6490: 6487: 6483: 6480: 6478: 6475: 6472: 6468: 6465: 6462: 6459: 6456: 6453: 6451: 6447: 6444: 6441: 6437: 6433: 6430: 6428: 6424: 6421: 6418: 6415: 6412: 6409: 6406: 6402: 6399: 6395: 6390: 6389: 6384: 6381: 6380: 6372: 6368: 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5524:The Swing Era 5518: 5511: 5510:UCLA Magazine 5507: 5503: 5500: 5497:Maya Parmer, 5494: 5478: 5472: 5470: 5463: 5459: 5456: 5454: 5447: 5445: 5437: 5424: 5420: 5414: 5412: 5410: 5393: 5389: 5383: 5367: 5363: 5357: 5349: 5343: 5339: 5338: 5330: 5323: 5318: 5303: 5299: 5292: 5284: 5280: 5273: 5257: 5251: 5235: 5228: 5220: 5216: 5209: 5200: 5193: 5192:Teachout 2015 5188: 5181: 5176: 5170:, p. 297 5169: 5164: 5162: 5155:, p. 130 5154: 5153:Lawrence 2001 5149: 5142: 5137: 5130: 5125: 5118: 5113: 5097: 5093: 5087: 5080: 5076: 5070: 5063: 5058: 5056: 5039: 5035: 5028: 5022: 5018: 5013: 5005: 4999: 4995: 4994: 4986: 4971: 4967: 4961: 4953: 4947: 4943: 4942: 4934: 4918: 4914: 4908: 4901: 4896: 4880: 4876: 4870: 4864:, p. 362 4863: 4858: 4851: 4850:Weisbard 2004 4847: 4842: 4835: 4831: 4830: 4823: 4815: 4808: 4801: 4796: 4789: 4784: 4777: 4774: 4772: 4764: 4762: 4745: 4741: 4737: 4731: 4724: 4720: 4716: 4711: 4704: 4698: 4683: 4682: 4677: 4670: 4654: 4650: 4649: 4643: 4636: 4630:, p. 291 4629: 4628:Lawrence 2001 4624: 4622: 4614: 4613:Lawrence 2001 4609: 4602: 4597: 4588: 4572: 4565: 4558: 4553: 4546: 4541: 4534: 4528: 4521: 4520:Brothers 2018 4516: 4508: 4502: 4498: 4497: 4489: 4473: 4469: 4463: 4456: 4455:Brothers 2018 4451: 4435: 4429: 4423:, p. 795 4422: 4421:Schuller 1989 4417: 4411:, p. 789 4410: 4409:Schuller 1989 4405: 4398: 4393: 4391: 4383: 4382:Brothers 2018 4378: 4363: 4359: 4352: 4344: 4338: 4334: 4333: 4325: 4309: 4305: 4298: 4291: 4286: 4270: 4266: 4262: 4255: 4249:, p. 88. 4248: 4247:Brothers 2018 4243: 4237:, p. 91. 4236: 4235:Brothers 2018 4231: 4224: 4219: 4212: 4211:Schuller 1989 4207: 4201:, p. 75. 4200: 4199:Brothers 2018 4195: 4189:, p. 73. 4188: 4187:Brothers 2018 4183: 4176: 4171: 4165:, p. 243 4164: 4159: 4153:, p. 385 4152: 4147: 4132: 4128: 4121: 4119: 4112:, p. 221 4111: 4106: 4100:, p. 173 4099: 4094: 4088:, p. 166 4087: 4082: 4071:September 15, 4066: 4062: 4055: 4053: 4045: 4039: 4033:, p. 65. 4032: 4031:Brothers 2018 4027: 4021: 4017: 4013: 4007: 4000: 3994: 3987: 3986:Brothers 2018 3982: 3975: 3971: 3968: 3967: 3960: 3952: 3946: 3945:cite AV media 3930: 3929: 3922: 3916:, p. 33. 3915: 3914:Brothers 2018 3910: 3902: 3898: 3894: 3890: 3886: 3882: 3875: 3868: 3862: 3855: 3849: 3842: 3836: 3829: 3828:Lawrence 2001 3824: 3817: 3812: 3805: 3802:Gary Giddins 3799: 3792: 3791:Lawrence 2001 3787: 3781:, p. 79. 3780: 3775: 3769:, p. 13. 3768: 3767:Brothers 2018 3763: 3755: 3751: 3747: 3743: 3739: 3735: 3731: 3727: 3720: 3714:, p. 45. 3713: 3708: 3693: 3692: 3687: 3680: 3678: 3670: 3666: 3662: 3658: 3654: 3649: 3641: 3634: 3632: 3630: 3620: 3619: 3610: 3604:, p. 10. 3603: 3598: 3592:, p. 20. 3591: 3586: 3579: 3574: 3568: 3563: 3557:, p. 21. 3556: 3551: 3544: 3543:Lawrence 2001 3539: 3532: 3531:Lawrence 2001 3527: 3525: 3518:, p. 10. 3517: 3516:Brothers 2018 3512: 3510: 3502: 3497: 3495: 3493: 3491: 3489: 3487: 3485: 3477: 3473: 3468: 3460: 3454: 3450: 3446: 3442: 3438: 3437: 3429: 3410: 3406: 3399: 3392: 3385: 3381: 3377: 3371: 3355: 3349: 3345: 3335: 3332: 3331: 3321: 3318: 3317: 3313: 3310: 3306: 3302: 3298: 3296:: Best Music 3295: 3292: 3289: 3285: 3283: 3280: 3277: 3273: 3270: 3266: 3263: 3259: 3257: 3254: 3251: 3247: 3245: 3241: 3238: 3233: 3231: 3228: 3225: 3221: 3219: 3216: 3213: 3209: 3207: 3204: 3201: 3197: 3195: 3191: 3188: 3184: 3182: 3178: 3175: 3171:May 16, 1973 3170: 3168: 3164: 3161: 3157:July 6, 1973 3156: 3154: 3150: 3147: 3143: 3140: 3137: 3132: 3130: 3126: 3123: 3119: 3117: 3114: 3111: 3107: 3104: 3102: 3099: 3096: 3092: 3090: 3085: 3082: 3079: 3075: 3073:Walk of Fame 3072: 3069: 3066: 3061: 3059: 3056: 3053: 3048: 3046:Foundational 3045: 3042: 3037: 3034: 3031: 3030: 3017: 3014: 3011: 3008: 3004: 3001: 2996: 2993: 2990: 2987: 2983: 2980: 2975: 2972: 2969: 2966: 2962: 2959: 2954: 2951: 2948: 2946: 2945: 2941: 2938: 2933: 2930: 2928:Jazz (album) 2927: 2925: 2924: 2920: 2917: 2912: 2909: 2906: 2903: 2899: 2896: 2891: 2888: 2886:Jazz (album) 2885: 2883: 2882: 2878: 2875: 2870: 2867: 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2316: 2311: 2308: 2305: 2300: 2297: 2294: 2291: 2288: 2287: 2284: 2282: 2276: 2273: 2268:Grammy Awards 2262: 2258: 2255: 2251: 2249: 2245: 2242: 2238: 2235: 2231: 2228: 2225: 2221: 2220: 2213: 2203: 2201: 2200: 2195: 2194: 2185: 2184: 2179: 2175: 2174:Stevie Wonder 2172: 2169: 2166: 2163: 2162: 2157: 2153: 2150: 2147: 2143: 2139: 2138: 2133: 2132: 2127: 2123: 2120: 2119: 2118: 2112: 2107: 2103: 2101: 2097: 2092: 2090: 2089: 2083: 2081: 2077: 2072: 2067: 2065: 2061: 2059: 2055: 2054: 2049: 2039: 2037: 2033: 2027: 2025: 2021: 2015: 2013: 2009: 2004: 2002: 1998: 1994: 1990: 1986: 1985:Robert Graham 1981: 1978: 1969: 1965: 1962: 1960: 1955: 1950: 1947: 1944: 1939: 1937: 1932: 1927: 1914: 1912: 1908: 1903: 1901: 1897: 1893: 1889: 1879: 1877: 1873: 1868: 1866: 1861: 1854: 1853:Mildred Dixon 1849: 1845: 1843: 1839: 1838:Mildred Dixon 1835: 1834: 1828: 1826: 1817: 1811:Personal life 1808: 1806: 1802: 1801: 1796: 1792: 1787: 1785: 1781: 1780: 1774: 1772: 1771: 1766: 1765:Frank Sinatra 1762: 1761: 1756: 1755: 1750: 1749: 1744: 1743: 1737: 1735: 1731: 1727: 1723: 1719: 1715: 1710: 1708: 1703: 1695: 1691: 1686: 1677: 1675: 1671: 1667: 1666: 1661: 1656: 1654: 1650: 1646: 1642: 1635: 1630: 1628: 1623: 1621: 1620:Reprise label 1617: 1616:Frank Sinatra 1613: 1609: 1608: 1603: 1599: 1595: 1591: 1590:John Coltrane 1587: 1583: 1579: 1575: 1574: 1569: 1564: 1562: 1558: 1554: 1550: 1549: 1544: 1540: 1538: 1534: 1530: 1526: 1522: 1518: 1514: 1510: 1506: 1502: 1501:James Stewart 1498: 1494: 1493: 1488: 1480: 1479: 1474: 1473:James Stewart 1470: 1466: 1464: 1460: 1459: 1454: 1450: 1446: 1445: 1440: 1439:Shakespeare's 1436: 1435: 1430: 1426: 1425: 1420: 1415: 1413: 1409: 1405: 1404: 1400:The original 1398: 1395: 1391: 1390: 1384: 1382: 1378: 1374: 1370: 1360: 1358: 1354: 1350: 1346: 1342: 1340: 1336: 1332: 1328: 1324: 1323:Louie Bellson 1320: 1319:Johnny Hodges 1315: 1313: 1312:Helen of Troy 1309: 1305: 1301: 1298:in Paris and 1297: 1293: 1289: 1285: 1284: 1278: 1269: 1265: 1263: 1259: 1255: 1254:Frank Sinatra 1244: 1242: 1237: 1235: 1231: 1230: 1223: 1221: 1217: 1213: 1209: 1208:Mickey Rooney 1205: 1204:John Garfield 1201: 1200:Mayan Theater 1197: 1192: 1189: 1188:Carnegie Hall 1185: 1181: 1180: 1173: 1171: 1170: 1165: 1161: 1157: 1153: 1149: 1145: 1144:78 rpm record 1141: 1136: 1134: 1130: 1129:Herb Jeffries 1126: 1125: 1120: 1116: 1112: 1111:Benny Goodman 1108: 1104: 1099: 1097: 1092: 1088: 1084: 1083:Jimmy Blanton 1075: 1066: 1064: 1047: 1045: 1041: 1036: 1034: 1030: 1029:Barney Bigard 1026: 1022: 1018: 1014: 1010: 1009:Johnny Hodges 999: 996: 992: 991:Benny Goodman 987: 983: 982:(both 1934). 981: 980: 975: 974: 969: 968:Academy Award 965: 961: 960: 953: 951: 947: 943: 937: 935: 931: 927: 923: 919: 915: 914:Ivie Anderson 910: 906: 897: 895: 891: 887: 883: 879: 875: 874: 869: 868:Amos 'n' Andy 865: 861: 860: 859:Black and Tan 853: 851: 847: 843: 839: 835: 829: 827: 823: 819: 815: 811: 807: 803: 799: 795: 791: 790:Jimmy Durante 787: 782: 780: 776: 772: 768: 764: 763:Adelaide Hall 760: 751: 747: 746:Adelaide Hall 743: 739: 737: 733: 729: 728:Mildred Dixon 725: 721: 716: 712: 708: 703: 701: 697: 693: 689: 685: 680: 676: 672: 668: 664: 654: 652: 651:Charlie Irvis 647: 646:Sidney Bechet 643: 642:Adelaide Hall 639: 635: 634: 628: 626: 622: 617: 612: 610: 606: 602: 598: 597: 596:Shuffle Along 592: 588: 584: 580: 576: 572: 568: 559: 555: 553: 549: 548:Elmer Snowden 545: 541: 540:Otto Hardwick 537: 532: 528: 525: 521: 506: 504: 500: 496: 495:Sidney Bechet 492: 488: 484: 481: 477: 473: 469: 465: 464:Atlantic City 461: 457: 452: 450: 446: 442: 438: 434: 430: 426: 422: 417: 415: 414:Harvey Brooks 411: 407: 403: 399: 398:Cliff Jackson 395: 394:Turner Layton 389: 387: 383: 379: 374: 370: 368: 363: 361: 357: 353: 349: 345: 341: 337: 327: 325: 321: 317: 313: 308: 305: 301: 297: 296:Jimmy Blanton 293: 288: 286: 285:Spanish tinge 282: 278: 274: 270: 266: 262: 257: 255: 251: 247: 243: 239: 227: 223: 218: 213: 209: 205: 202:dukeellington 199: 195: 191: 187: 181: 178: 175: 171: 167: 163: 156: 153: 150: 147: 144: 141: 138: 137: 135: 131: 125: 122: 120: 117: 116: 114: 110: 106: 105:New York City 97: 93: 89: 77: 73: 69: 63: 58: 45: 40: 33: 30: 19: 10549:Ray Bradbury 10536: 10513:Scott Joplin 10498: 10465: 10437: 10427: 10419: 10407: 10391: 10384:Corn Huskers 10383: 10373: 10335:Ida B. Wells 10326: 10306: 10292: 10284: 10275:Arthur Krock 10262: 10248: 10240: 10165: 10153: 10148:Atticus Ross 10144:Trent Reznor 10133: 10123: 10111: 10088: 10076: 10064: 10052: 10040: 10028: 10016: 10011:Atticus Ross 10007:Trent Reznor 10000: 9988: 9983:Randy Newman 9976: 9953: 9937: 9925: 9913: 9901: 9896:Peter Cobbin 9892:Howard Shore 9885: 9880:Peter Cobbin 9876:Howard Shore 9869: 9864:Howard Shore 9857: 9845: 9833: 9817:Randy Newman 9812:A Bug's Life 9810: 9798: 9786: 9781:David Arnold 9774: 9764:Crimson Tide 9762: 9750: 9738: 9726: 9714: 9709:James Horner 9702: 9679: 9659: 9647: 9635: 9630:Allee Willis 9610:Keith Forsey 9599: 9583: 9562:Craig Krampf 9554:Keith Forsey 9531: 9519: 9507: 9495: 9472: 9460: 9448: 9436: 9424: 9408: 9403:Neil Diamond 9396: 9384: 9372: 9344: 9321: 9307:The Graduate 9305: 9293: 9281: 9269: 9255:Mary Poppins 9253: 9248:John Addison 9241: 9226: 9214: 9197: 9191: 9115: 9100:Willie Brown 9091: 9068:Quincy Jones 9036:Cicely Tyson 9012:John Conyers 8908:Maya Angelou 8884:Colin Powell 8852:Percy Sutton 8823: 8780:Andrew Young 8771: 8743: 8728:Wilson Riles 8720:Gordon Parks 8648:Medgar Evers 8615: 8532:Ralph Bunche 8500:Paul Robeson 8443: 8332:Roland Hayes 8183: 8176: 8169: 8165:Irving Mills 8107:Sam Woodyard 8047:Billy Taylor 8027:Willie Smith 7927:Herbie Jones 7892:Major Holley 7822:Rolf Ericson 7812:Bobby Durham 7782:Johnny Coles 7777:Harry Carney 7747:Joe Benjamin 7722:Shorty Baker 7712:Harold Ashby 7702:Cat Anderson 7593: 7364:All Too Soon 7349:Compositions 7337: 7330: 7323: 7316: 7309: 7302: 7295: 7290:Money Jungle 7288: 7281: 7274: 7267: 7262:Back to Back 7260: 7255:Side by Side 7253: 7246: 7239: 7221: 7214: 7207: 7200: 7193: 7188:Yale Concert 7186: 7179: 7172: 7165: 7158: 7151: 7144: 7137: 7130: 7125:Newport 1958 7123: 7116: 7109: 7102: 7095: 7088: 7081: 7074: 7067: 7060: 7044: 7039:Duke's Big 4 7037: 7030: 7023: 7016: 7009: 7002: 6995: 6988: 6981: 6974: 6967: 6960: 6953: 6946: 6939: 6932: 6925: 6918: 6911: 6904: 6897: 6890: 6883: 6876: 6869: 6862: 6855: 6848: 6841: 6834: 6827: 6820: 6813: 6806: 6799: 6792: 6785: 6778: 6771: 6764: 6757: 6750: 6743: 6736: 6729: 6722: 6715: 6708: 6701: 6694: 6687: 6680: 6673: 6666: 6659: 6652: 6645: 6638: 6631: 6624: 6619:Great Times! 6617: 6610: 6603: 6596: 6589: 6582: 6575: 6568: 6561: 6538: 6496: 6404: 6285: 6262: 6242: 6222: 6213: 6194: 6185: 6166: 6140: 6121: 6102: 6081: 6071: 6055: 6035: 6015: 5996: 5977: 5957: 5937: 5926: 5903: 5884: 5865: 5858:Bibliography 5847:the original 5837: 5828: 5818: 5804: 5792:. 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White 10444:Alex Haley 10374:Love Songs 10222:Journalism 10066:La La Land 9721:John Barry 9642:John Barry 9614:Micki Free 9546:Kim Carnes 9542:Irene Cara 9533:Flashdance 9316:Paul Simon 9004:Ben Carson 8972:John Lewis 8932:Carl Rowan 8836:Bill Cosby 8816:Lena Horne 8784:Rosa Parks 8764:Alex Haley 8752:Hank Aaron 8404:Max Yergan 8092:Booty Wood 8057:Juan Tizol 7942:Al Killian 7882:Al Hibbler 7737:Aaron Bell 7717:Alice Babs 7642:Satin Doll 7553:The Mooche 6843:Afro-Bossa 6752:Jazz Party 6276:0252014251 6204:0395257115 6150:0674013441 6065:8788043347 6046:041593012X 6025:0306806142 5947:0704330903 5742:October 3, 5589:1573929638 5533:019504312X 5429:October 3, 5322:Hasse 1993 5236:. AllMusic 5180:Hasse 1995 5168:Cohen 2010 5117:Hasse 1995 5062:Hasse 1995 5017:Green 2015 4923:August 26, 4800:Hajdu 1996 4788:Hasse 1995 4601:Hasse 1993 4557:Cohen 2010 4545:Cohen 2010 4223:Hasse 1993 4151:Hasse 1993 4110:Green 2015 4098:Hasse 1993 4086:Hasse 1993 4020:8788043347 3816:Hasse 1993 3779:Hasse 1993 3712:Hasse 1993 3661:Piano Jazz 3567:Cohen 2010 3555:Hasse 1995 3340:References 3015:Brunswick 2847:Brunswick 2786:Nominated 2763:Composing 2742:Composing 2701:Nominated 2695:Idiom '59 2684:Nominated 2667:Nominated 2645:Nominated 2628:Nominated 2608:Nominated 2591:Nominated 2551:Nominated 2434:Nominated 2417:Nominated 2252:1973, the 2239:1969, the 2024:Royce Hall 2014:magazine: 1680:Last years 1641:Alice Babs 1592:(both for 1133:Al Hibbler 1101:Trumpeter 936:" (1935). 748:recorded " 736:Andy Razaf 682:including 638:Lottie Gee 579:Charleston 552:segregated 356:blueprints 277:Juan Tizol 165:Instrument 148:bandleader 145:songwriter 81:1899-04-29 66:Birth name 10555:Bob Dylan 10500:Oklahoma! 10321:Herb Caen 10090:Chernobyl 9558:Jerry Hey 9450:Star Wars 9391:Nino Rota 9346:Let It Be 9243:Tom Jones 8428:John Hope 7977:Ray Nance 7797:Kay Davis 7732:Art Baron 7688:Orchestra 7621:Lush Life 7420:Day Dream 7241:Blue Rose 7181:Soul Call 6871:My People 5683:Billboard 5611:March 21, 5483:April 12, 5436:Columbia. 4776:JazzTimes 4701:Ken Vail 3754:145278913 3386:, p. 170. 3035:Category 2910:Columbia 2889:Columbia 2292:Category 1911:the Bronx 1892:pneumonia 1767:, titled 1629:in 1962. 1602:Max Roach 1537:Peer Gynt 1519:'s novel 1417:In 1957, 1304:Frankfurt 1296:Time Runs 1294:. Titled 1262:Kay Davis 1220:Al Jolson 1103:Ray Nance 995:Jukeboxes 834:chromatic 818:Show Girl 684:Brunswick 636:starring 421:soda jerk 273:standards 246:Ellington 215:Signature 188:1914–1974 154:conductor 10592:and the 10586:* (1944) 10281:Max Kase 10231:* (1924) 9474:Superman 9438:Car Wash 9369:) (1970) 9116:no award 9092:no award 9020:Ruby Dee 8824:no award 8772:no award 8744:no award 8606:and the 8444:no award 8178:Play On! 8017:Al Sears 7857:Fred Guy 6356:Location 6310:Location 6074:onwards. 5688:June 14, 5606:AllMusic 5502:Archived 5458:Archived 5044:July 14, 4975:March 8, 4719:DownBeat 4653:Archived 4478:July 14, 4367:June 17, 4275:July 14, 4014:, 1992. 3970:Archived 3697:July 14, 3418:July 28, 3409:Archived 3328:See also 3316:DownBeat 2780:(Album) 2622:(Album) 2545:(Album) 2199:Play On! 2178:Sir Duke 2042:Tributes 1797:and the 1773:(1967). 1751:(1970), 1745:(1966), 1718:Steinway 1582:Roulette 1513:New Wave 1140:Bluebird 930:Solitude 806:Gus Kahn 692:Columbia 536:Virginia 503:Brooklyn 445:fox trot 433:two-step 429:one-step 367:Jim Crow 358:for the 344:West End 151:arranger 142:composer 10577:Service 10367:Letters 10155:Encanto 10042:Birdman 10018:Skyfall 9852:Tan Dun 9740:Aladdin 9670:Cong Su 8248:winners 8116:Related 7690:members 7674:Perdido 7667:Caravan 6484:at the 6448:at the 6434:at the 4970:npr.org 3901:3824163 3746:4134056 3151:French 2994:Victor 2973:Victor 2868:Victor 2301:Result 2283:History 2128:on his 1991:, near 1959:quarter 1728:. 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9910:(2005) 9854:(2001) 9842:(2000) 9819:(1999) 9807:(1998) 9795:(1997) 9783:(1996) 9771:(1995) 9759:(1994) 9747:(1993) 9735:(1992) 9723:(1991) 9711:(1990) 9688:(1989) 9676:(1988) 9672:& 9656:(1987) 9644:(1986) 9632:(1985) 9596:(1984) 9590:Prince 9580:(1983) 9576:& 9528:(1982) 9516:(1981) 9504:(1980) 9481:(1979) 9469:(1978) 9457:(1977) 9445:(1976) 9433:(1975) 9421:(1974) 9417:& 9405:(1973) 9393:(1972) 9381:(1971) 9365:& 9330:(1969) 9318:(1968) 9314:& 9302:(1967) 9290:(1966) 9278:(1965) 9266:(1964) 9262:& 9250:(1963) 9235:(1961) 9223:(1960) 9216:Exodus 9200:(1959) 9130:2022: 9122:2021: 9114:2020: 9106:2019: 9098:2018: 9090:2017: 9082:2016: 9074:2015: 9066:2014: 9058:2013: 9050:2012: 9042:2011: 9034:2010: 9026:2009: 9018:2008: 9010:2007: 9002:2006: 8994:2005: 8986:2004: 8978:2003: 8970:2002: 8962:2001: 8954:2000: 8946:1999: 8938:1998: 8930:1997: 8922:1996: 8914:1995: 8906:1994: 8898:1993: 8890:1992: 8882:1991: 8874:1990: 8866:1989: 8858:1988: 8850:1987: 8842:1986: 8830:1985: 8822:1984: 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2826:Label 2823:Genre 2820:Title 2298:Genre 2295:Title 2232:1966, 2222:1960, 1917:Legacy 1860:life. 1734:Mozart 1481:(1959) 1283:Harlem 1023:" for 894:Delius 848:, and 842:Delius 688:Victor 673:, and 571:Harlem 509:Career 493:, and 443:, and 369:laws. 352:slaves 269:Harlem 112:Genres 107:, U.S. 90:, U.S. 10439:Roots 10113:Joker 10105:2020s 9970:2010s 9827:2000s 9704:Glory 9696:1990s 9489:1980s 9374:Shaft 9338:1970s 9208:1960s 9182:1950s 7371:Azure 5219:Ebony 5079:Gibbs 5021:47–48 3897:JSTOR 3750:S2CID 3742:JSTOR 3659:, on 3412:(PDF) 3401:(PDF) 3311:1956 3301:Jonah 3290:1957 3278:1959 3264:1964 3252:1966 3239:1967 3226:1968 3214:1969 3202:1971 3189:1971 3176:1971 3162:1973 3148:1973 3138:1978 3124:1986 3112:1992 3097:1999 3080:2004 3067:2008 3054:2009 3043:2022 3032:Year 3018:1975 3002:1931 2997:1976 2981:1941 2976:1981 2960:1928 2955:1990 2939:1944 2934:1999 2918:1967 2913:1999 2897:1956 2892:2004 2876:1957 2871:2007 2855:1934 2850:2008 2834:1932 2783:Jazz 2771:1959 2750:1959 2727:1959 2706:1959 2698:Jazz 2689:1960 2681:Jazz 2672:1960 2650:1961 2633:1961 2625:Jazz 2613:1964 2605:Jazz 2596:1964 2588:Jazz 2579:1965 2571:Jazz 2556:1965 2548:Jazz 2536:1966 2528:Jazz 2519:1966 2502:1966 2494:Jazz 2479:1967 2471:Jazz 2456:1968 2439:1968 2431:Jazz 2422:1970 2405:1971 2397:Jazz 2384:1971 2376:Jazz 2363:1972 2355:Jazz 2342:1976 2334:Jazz 2325:1979 2317:Jazz 2306:1999 2289:Year 2156:dirge 1882:Death 1730:Haydn 1692:from 870:film 850:Ravel 700:Pathé 621:bugle 441:tango 437:waltz 340:arias 168:Piano 157:actor 124:swing 10493:and 10484:Arts 10467:Maus 10464:for 10135:Soul 9592:and 9426:Jaws 8834:and 8782:and 8762:and 6427:IMDb 6271:ISBN 6247:ISBN 6227:ISBN 6199:ISBN 6171:ISBN 6145:ISBN 6126:ISBN 6107:ISBN 6088:ISBN 6082:Duke 6060:ISBN 6041:ISBN 6020:ISBN 6001:ISBN 5982:ISBN 5963:ISBN 5942:ISBN 5908:ISBN 5889:ISBN 5870:ISBN 5796:2013 5770:2013 5744:2009 5716:2013 5690:2022 5664:2013 5638:2013 5613:2007 5585:ISBN 5528:ISBN 5485:2018 5431:2009 5400:2012 5374:2012 5342:ISBN 5309:2017 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