Downtown Eastside - Knowledge

1187:, Vancouver's outdoor sex workers were pushed to the streets of the Downtown Eastside. Here they are facing more violence than ever before. Neighbourhood harassment, policing, and developmental changes contribute to these conditions. Throughout all of the areas where sex work has been present, the city has been critiqued for backing up property owners to harass workers collectively. In the Downtown Eastside, these behaviours have continued to persist. A study published in 2017 containing interviews with thirty-three sex workers addressed concerns with changes in construction, surveillance, and security measures that have pushed workers into isolated areas where they are at greater risk of harm. The growth of new businesses in the area has also required workers to develop good relations to prevent frequent police calls. These conditions have also forced workers to rush or forgo screening and negotiation processes that increase the risk of bad dates and 1365: 71: 1101:

deaths per 100,000 people this year. Vancouver Fire and Rescue Services are responding to 103 overdose-related emergency calls per week, slightly down from the 2017 average of 119 calls per week. The decreased rate in overdose deaths and calls could be attributed to the increase in overdose prevention and response interventions across Vancouver, emphasizing the Downtown Eastside. Regardless, Vancouver continues to be the city most impacted by the overdose crisis in Canada. From January to June 2018, BC had 754 opioid-related deaths – the country's highest. Vancouver also has more overdose deaths per capita than all of BC, with 30 deaths per 100,000 people between January and June 2018.

508: 862: 813: 697: 721: 43: 382:, while others believe it has led to higher displacement and homelessness. Numerous efforts have been made to improve the DTES at an estimated cost of over $ 1.4 billion as of 2009. Services in the greater DTES area are estimated to cost $ 360 million per year. Commentators from across the political spectrum have said that little progress has been made in resolving the issues of the neighbourhood as a whole, although there are individual success stories. Proposals for addressing the issues of the area include increasing investment in 1039:. In 2003, the DTES was home to an estimated 4,700 injection drug users. Most live in unstable housing or are homeless, and approximately 20% are sex workers. In 2006, DTES residents incurred half of the deaths from illegal drug overdoses in the entire province. Between 1996 and 2011, there have been large fluctuations in drug usage, with the most recent trend being an overall decline in illicit drug use between 2007 and 2011. However, between 2010 and 2014, hospitalizations related to addictions increased by 89% at St. Paul's Hospital. 1758: 395: 516: 1773:

city. The cost of implementing the plan is estimated at $ 1 billion, of which $ 220-million would be paid by the city, $ 300-million by developers, and more than $ 500-million from the provincial or national governments. The provincial government, which recently invested $ 300 million in social housing in Vancouver, said it will not fund the proposed housing expansion and that its housing strategy had shifted towards other models such as rent assistance rather than construction.

1449: 956:(VPD) in 2008, up to 500 of these individuals were "chronically mentally ill with disabling addictions, extreme behaviours, no permanent housing and regular police contact." As of 2009, the DTES was home to an estimated 1,800 to 3,600 individuals who were considered to be at "extremely high health risk" due to severe addiction or mental illness, equivalent to 60% of the population in this category for the 1 million people in the Vancouver Coastal Health region. 78: 677:'s patients, with the promise that they would be integrated into the community. Between 1985 and 1999, the number of patient-days of care provided by B.C. psychiatric hospitals declined by nearly 65%. Many of the de-institutionalized mentally ill moved to the DTES, attracted by the accepting culture and low-cost housing, but they floundered without adequate treatment and support and soon became addicted to the neighbourhood's readily available drugs. 1112: 1209: 1257:." Some government social workers have refused to enter certain SROs out of concern for their safety, despite being mandated to monitor children who live there. Tourists are often encouraged to avoid the DTES,. However, they are seldom victims of crime. High crime rates and difficulties in obtaining affordable property insurance deter legitimate businesses from opening or staying in the area, resulting in many vacant storefronts. 629: 884:(DERA) was formed. Over the years, the DTES community has consistently resisted many attempts to "clean up" the neighbourhood by dispersing its close-knit residents. Successful resident-led initiatives to improve conditions in the DTES include the transformation of the then-closed Carnegie Library into a community centre in 1980, the opening of an unlicensed supervised injection site in 2003, which led to the founding of 1724:, and requires new large housing developments in the DTES to set aside 20% of their units for social housing. As of 2014, in a section of Hastings Street from Carrall Street to Heatley Avenue, at least 60% of units must be dedicated to social housing and the rest must be rental units. Rents in at least one-third of new social housing units are not permitted to exceed the shelter component of welfare rates. 1793:. Advocates of the Four Pillars strategy say that the 36 recommendations associated with the policy have only been partially implemented, with prevention, treatment, and harm reduction all being underfunded. Across Canada, 94% of drug strategy dollars are spent on enforcement. The city's 2014 Local Area Plan for the DTES does not propose solutions to the neighbourhood's drug problems; an article in the 403: 1266: 1525:," or "street checks," in which police stop and question individuals whom they suspect of being involved in criminal or suspicious activity. In Vancouver, 15% of street checks are on Indigenous people, representing just 2% of the general population, and 5% of reviews are on Black people, representing less than 1%. Some civil rights groups believe the VPD's practices constitute 744:, and the rate of building social housing in B.C. dropped by two-thirds despite rising demand for it. By 1995, reports had begun to emerge of homeless people sleeping in parks, alleyways, and abandoned buildings. Cuts to the provincial welfare program in 2002 caused further hardship for the poor and homeless. Citywide, homeless people climbed from 630 in 2002 to 1,300 in 2005. 853:

in the DTES, their conditions worsened. A 2013 study of tenants of DTES SROs found that while 93% of those surveyed were born in Canada, only 13% were born in Vancouver. Vancouver Coastal Health estimates that half of the population that uses its health services in the DTES are long-term residents and that there is a population turnover of 15 to 20% each year.

386:, increasing capacity for treating people with addictions and mental illness, making services more evenly distributed across the city and region instead of concentrated in the DTES, and improving coordination of services. However, little agreement exists between the municipal, provincial and federal governments regarding long-term plans for the area. 1489:

homeless person in B.C. costs $ 55,000 per year in government-paid costs related to healthcare, corrections, and social services, whereas providing housing and support would cost $ 37,000 per year. Costs per individual vary widely: A 2016 study found that 107 chronic offenders in the DTES incur public service costs of $ 247,000 per person per year.

1428:, and low education levels. Many have lost custody of their children. A 2000 report from the Vancouver Native Health Society Medical Clinic said, "Many individuals are survivors of severe childhood trauma. Negative experiences such as family violence, parental substance abuse, sexual and emotional abuse, suicide, divorce, and 666:. In efforts to clean up other areas of the city, police cracked down on the cocaine market and street prostitution, but these activities resurfaced in the DTES. Within the DTES, police officers gave up on arresting the huge numbers of individual drug users, and chose to focus their efforts on dealers instead. 1727:

Proponents say that new developments revitalize the area, improve the quality of life, provide new social housing, and encourage a stronger retail environment and a stabilizing street presence. They emphasize that their goal is for the DTES to include a mixture of income levels and avoid the problems

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residents found that although nine out of 10 of those surveyed wanted the homeless to have access to services they need, 54% believed that "housing in their community should be there for the people who can afford it." Some commentators have suggested that Vancouver residents tacitly agree to have the

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However, rents in many of those units have risen. Rents in social housing units for low-income singles are fixed at the shelter component of welfare rates, but rents in privately owned SROs can vary. In 2013, 24% of privately owned SROs rented at the base welfare shelter rate of $ 375 per month, down

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Thousands of DTES residents live in SROs, which provide low-cost rooms without private kitchens or bathrooms, Although conditions in SROs vary considerably, they have become notorious for their squalor and chaos. Many are over 100 years old and in extreme disrepair, with shortages of necessities such

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The figures do not indicate how many of the reported crimes were committed by DTES residents; some residents and business owners believe that visitors from other neighbourhoods are responsible for a significant proportion of serious crimes. According to police, DTES women say that what they fear most

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On its core blocks, dozens of people are shuffling or staggering, flinching with cocaine tics, scratching scabs. Except for the young women dressed to lure customers for sex, many are in dirt-streaked clothing that hangs from their emaciated frames. Drugs and cash are openly exchanged. The alleys are

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In 2008, the VPD implemented a crackdown on minor offences, such as illegal vending on sidewalks and jaywalking. The ticketing blitz was stopped after objections from community groups. Residents with unpaid tickets – particularly women and sex workers – would be less afraid to approach the police to

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Since the 1980s, the VPD has ignored drug use in the DTES, as the sheer volume of users makes it unfeasible to arrest all of them. A large-scale police crackdown on DTES drug users in 2003 made no difference except to displace drug use to adjacent neighbourhoods. To encourage people to call for help

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In recent years, the number of units designed for low-income singles has increased slightly: In the downtown area (Burrard Street to Clark Drive), there were 11,371 units in 1993 and 12,126 units in 2013. The number of privately owned SROs declined during this time by 3283 units, while the number of

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In addition to addiction and mental illness issues, DTES residents often have difficulty finding employment due to mental and physical disabilities and a lack of education and skills. According to a 2009 survey of the 30 blocks in and around the DTES, 62% of the residents over the age of 15 were not

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in 2013. Of these, 3,193 were considered disabled and 1,461 were considered "employable". The base welfare rate for single adults who are considered employable is $ 610 per month: $ 375 per month for shelter and $ 235 ($ 335 since July 2017) per month for all other expenses. Advocates for low-income

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Statistics indicate that illicit drug toxicity deaths have increased in BC, with 1,547 and 981 deaths in 2018 and 2019, respectively. Between January and September 2020, BC has seen the number of overdose deaths jump to 1,202, with a record high of 183 illicit drug-related deaths reported in June of

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said that in the previous year, Vancouver's supply of heroin had virtually disappeared and been replaced by fentanyl, which is cheaper and more potent. At the end of 2014, the DTES saw a dramatic rise in fentanyl overdoses. In 2016 the surge in drug overdose deaths led to the declaration of a public

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A 2013 study of SRO tenants in the greater DTES found that 95.2% had some form of substance dependence, and 74.4% had a mental illness, including 47.4% with psychosis. Only one-third of individuals with psychosis received treatment, and among those with concurrent addiction, the proportion receiving

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A 2016 study found that 52% of those DTES residents who experience chronic homelessness and serious mental health issues had migrated from outside Vancouver in the previous 10 years. This proportion of the population has tripled in the last decade. The same study found that once migrants had settled

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During the city's 2014 planning process for the greater DTES, two-thirds of those who participated said they wanted to stay in the area. But a 2008 survey of SRO tenants had indicated that 70% wanted to leave the DTES. The city's 30-year plan is for two-thirds of the city's future social housing to

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In 2010, police launched an initiative to combat violence against DTES women that resulted in the convictions of several violent offenders. However, the level of trust toward police remains low. According to some DTES activists, "gentrification / condos and police brutality," rather than drugs, are

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For the police, success is measured in how well the drugs are kept corralled on Hastings between Cambie and Main, where they can expect the fewest complaints. Arrests are infrequent, and when they occur, they are counterproductive... Like a hydra, direct enforcement paradoxically crowds the streets

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as heat and functioning plumbing. In 2007, it was reported that four out of five rooms had bed bugs, cockroaches, and fire code violations. Even at their best, the SROs lack living space, resulting in tenants spending more time in the public areas of the DTES, including its street-based drug scene.

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makeup only 2% of Vancouver's population, approximately 40% of Vancouver's street-based sex workers are Indigenous. In one 2005 study, 52% of the sex workers surveyed in Vancouver were Indigenous, 96% reported having been sexually abused in childhood, and 81% reported childhood physical abuse. Some

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In 2010, the V6A postal area, which includes most of the DTES, had the second-highest concentration of artists in the city. Artists made up 4.4% of the labour force, compared to 2.3% in the city as a whole. The Downtown Eastside Artists' Collective was formed by Trey Helten, manager of the Overdose

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Official figures are available for the greater DTES area, which was home to an estimated 18,477 people in 2011. In comparison to the city of Vancouver overall, the greater DTES had a higher proportion of males (60% vs. 50%), more seniors (22% vs 13%), fewer children and youth (10% vs 18%), slightly

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started to appear in the DTES in 2003. In 1997 the local health authority declared a public health emergency in the DTES: Rates of HIV infection, spread by needle-sharing amongst drug users, were worse than anywhere in the world outside Sub-Saharan Africa, and more than 1000 people had died of drug

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In 2014, the City of Vancouver approved a 30-year plan for the greater DTES area. It sets out a goal of having 4,400 units of social housing added to the greater DTES area, 3,350 units of social housing added elsewhere in the city, and 1,900 units of new supportive housing scattered throughout the

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The VPD reported in 2008 that in its district, which includes the Downtown Eastside, mental health was a factor in 42% of all incidents in which police were involved. The police department says its officers are often forced to act as front-line mental health workers due to lacking more appropriate

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Others oppose the addition of market housing and upscale businesses to the DTES, in the belief that these changes will drive up prices, displace low-income residents, and make poor people feel less at home. Protests against new businesses and housing developments have occasionally turned violent.

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Locating many services in the DTES has also been criticized for attracting vulnerable people to an area where drugs, crime, and disorder are entrenched. Some advocates for vulnerable populations believe that many DTES residents would have a better quality of life and improved chances of health if

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As the DTES has many low-income adults who live alone and are at risk of homelessness, trends in housing options for low-income adults are of central importance to the neighbourhood. Although SROs have well-known problems, each SRO resident who loses their room and ends up on the street costs the

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The VPD, B.C. Medical Association and the City of Vancouver have asked the province to urgently increase capacity for treating addiction and mental illness. In 2009, the BCMA asked that detoxification be available on demand, with no waiting period, by 2012. A 2016 study of youth who used illicit

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Vancouver Coastal Health says that the lack of appropriate care for complex social and health issues outside of the DTES often does not allow people "the choice to remain in their home community where their natural support systems exist... A common barrier that prevents mentally ill and addicted

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Life expectancy in the greater DTES area is 79.9 years, a significant improvement since the mid-1990s. Some of the increase may, however, be explained by the migration of healthier residents to the neighbourhoods surrounding the DTES. A 2015 study of DTES SRO residents found that they were eight

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SRO landlords have often been called "slumlords" for failing to fix problems and illegally evicting tenants. The city has often been slow to force SRO owners to make significant repairs, saying that owners could not afford to make them without raising rents and adversely affecting affordability.

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Vancouver has an estimated 1,000 street-based sex workers. According to the police, most of them work in the DTES. They call the neighbourhood and contiguous industrial areas near Vancouver's port these "outdoor workers" (previously referred to using the more stigmatizing language including "low

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Reported crime rates in the DTES are higher than in the rest of the city, with most crimes being assaults, robberies, or public intoxication. Although it is home to 3% of Vancouver's population, the DTES was the location of 16% of the city's reported sexual assaults in 2012. In 2008, it was the

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As of December 16, 2018, an estimated 353 overdose deaths have occurred in Vancouver in 2018, which is almost on par with the 369 overdose deaths in 2017, despite the extensive harm reduction investments in Vancouver. Vancouver continues to have the highest death rates per capita in BC, with 58

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Around the beginning of the 20th century, the DTES was Vancouver's political, cultural and retail centre. Over several decades, the city centre gradually shifted westwards, and the DTES became a poor neighbourhood, although relatively stable. In the 1980s, the area began a rapid decline due to

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For each untreated drug addict, the costs to society, including crime, judicial costs, and health care, are estimated to be at least $ 45,000 annually. The government-paid lifetime healthcare cost per HIV-infected injection drug user is estimated at $ 150,000. A 2008 study estimated that each

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who use sex work to support their substance use; up to two-thirds say they have been physically or sexually assaulted while working. Sex workers, particularly women with children, find it difficult to find housing that they can afford, and often have difficulty leaving the industry because of

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focused on an area of just over 30 city blocks in and around the DTES: It indicated that 14% of the residents were of Indigenous descent. The average household size was 1.3 residents; 82% of the population lived alone. Children and teenagers made up 7% of the people, compared to 25% of Canada

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proposed creating a steering committee of senior city and provincial stakeholders, which would be mandated to improve collaboration between service providers to enable a client-centric rather than a discipline-centric model. The report recommends prioritizing the needs of the most vulnerable

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Both homelessness and substandard housing are major issues in the DTES that compound the neighbourhood's problems with addiction and mental illness. In 2012, there were 846 homeless people in the greater DTES area, including 171 who were not in some form of shelter. The DTES homeless made up

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individual. Despite widespread agreement in principle that a coordinated approach is necessary to improve conditions for DTES residents, the three levels of government have not agreed on any overall long-term plan for the DTES, and there is no overall co-ordination of services for the area.

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Since 2007, the provincial government has acquired 23 privately owned SRO hotels in the greater DTES area, containing 1,500 units. It undertook extensive renovations in 13 buildings for $ 143.3 million, of which $ 29.1 the federal government paid million. Due to rising rents and

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Although DTES residents often have a complex combination of needs, services are typically delivered from the perspective of a single discipline (such as police or medical) or a particular agency's mandate, with little communication between the service providers who are working with a given

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have had the highest number of illicit drug toxicity deaths (188 and 164 deaths, respectively) in 2019, making up 65% of all such deaths during this period. 2019: Vancouver Coastal Health Authority has the highest rate of illicit drug toxicity deaths (27 deaths per 100,000 individuals).

363:, disproportionately affected by the neighbourhood's social problems. The neighbourhood has a history of attracting individuals with mental health and addiction issues, many of whom are drawn to its drug market and low-barrier services. Residents experience Canada's highest 582:– which became a non-judgemental, affordable place to live as the main downtown area of Vancouver began to shift westward. Among them, drinking was a common pastime. In addition to being a central cultural and entertainment district, Hastings Street was also a centre for 491:, is bordered by Richards Street to the west, Clark Drive to the east, Waterfront Road and Water Street to the north and various streets to the south including Malkin Avenue and Prior Street. The greater DTES area includes some popular tourist areas and nearly 20% of 839:

A population that is frequently studied is tenants of single-room occupancy (SRO) hotels in the greater DTES area. According to a 2013 survey, this population is 77% male, with a median age of 44. Indigenous people make up 28% of the population, and Europeans 59%.

1482:, injection drug use leads to approximately 15% of admissions. The annual cost of ambulances responding to overdoses in Vancouver is $ 500,000, and the cost of police response to calls involving mental health problems is estimated to be $ 9 million per year. 688:, who had a farm east of the city where he held "raves", was charged with the murders of 26 of these women and convicted on six counts in 2007. He claimed to have murdered 49 women. As of 2009, an estimated 39 women were still missing from the Downtown Eastside. 1563:, in which several VPD officers and the police chief failed to co-operate, found that 14 of those allegations were substantiated. In 2007, Pivot agreed to withdraw its remaining complaints, following apologies and changes to VPD policies and procedures. 1059:

In 2013, the city and police department reported that in the previous three years, there had been a 43% increase in people with severe mental illness or addiction in the emergency department of St. Paul's Hospital. In Vancouver, apprehensions under the

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Strathcona in the 1890s included the entire DTES. By 1994 Strathcona's northern boundary was generally considered to be the alley between East Pender and East Hastings streets, though some place it at Railway Street, including DTES east of Gore Avenue.

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The city has implemented a bylaw to discourage the redevelopment of SROs. Advocates for SRO tenants argue that the city's bylaw does not go far enough, as it does not prevent rent increases. The city says that only the province, not the city, has the

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Proponents of the high level of services say that it is necessary to meet the complex needs of the DTES population. For some residents, the sense of community and acceptance that they find in the DTES makes it a unique place of healing for them.

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Between 1970 and the late 1990s, the supply of low-income housing shrank in both the DTES and in other parts of the city, partly because of the conversion of buildings into more expensive condominiums or hotels. In 1993, the federal government

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The DTES has a history of attracting migrants with mental health and addiction issues across B.C. and Canada, with many drawn by its drug market, affordable housing, and services. Between 1991 and 2007, the DTES population increased by 140%.

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treatment was even lower. A 2016 study of the 323 most chronic offenders in the DTES found that 99% had at least one mental disorder, and more than 80% also had substance abuse issues. Between 60% and 70% of mentally ill patients treated at

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contractions. This disproportionately impacted the safety of oppressed communities such as indigenous, substance-dependent and transgender workers who are often restricted to this area. Over the years, this has also contributed to the many

578:, hundreds of men arrived in Vancouver searching for work. Most of them later returned to their hometowns, except workers who had been injured or those who were sick or elderly. These men remained in the DTES area – at the time known as 768:

for HIV. A shift among users from injected cocaine to crack cocaine use may have also slowed the spread of disease. Rates of HIV infection dropped from 8.1 cases per 100 person-years in 1997 to 0.37 cases per 100 person-years by 2011.

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The City of Vancouver describes a "Community-based Development Area", where places important to low-income residents are concentrated. This area includes Hastings Street from Abbott Street to Heatley Avenue, and the blocks surrounding

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people from living outside of the DTES is a lack of appropriate services and support. Too often, clients who secure housing outside the neighbourhood return to the DTES regularly because of the lack of support in other communities."

1843:, a Coordinated Community Response Network was formed to distribute funds, resources, and support in the neighbourhood. The network consists of a coordinated effort of over 50 social service and frontline organizations and groups. 1135:

In my 12 years as a physician in the DTES, I never met a female patient who had not been sexually abused as a child or adolescent, nor a male who had not suffered some form of severe trauma... Addictions are attempts to escape the

915:, which celebrates Japanese-Canadian arts and culture. The Smilin' Buddha Cabaret operated at 109 East Hastings Street from 1952 to the late 1980s as a symbol of "cultural vitality," reflecting shifts in the neighbourhood itself. 1463:

Of the estimated $ 360 million per year to operate 260 social services and housing sites in the greater DTES area, three-quarters of the spending is funded by governments, and the rest by private donors. This figure includes

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said, "For all the money and attention here, there is little success at either getting the area's shattered populace back on their feet or cleaning up the neighbourhood into something resembling a healthy community." Former

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teams and a nine-bed urgent care facility at St. Paul's Hospital. In response to a recommendation that the province adds 300 new long-term health care beds for the most severely mentally ill, provincial Health Minister

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Years of experience in other urban centres make it clear that maintaining the DTES as a high or special needs social housing enclave, over the long term, will not help to stabilize either the community or the city as a

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According to a 2008 survey of greater DTES area SROs, tenants who used drugs estimated the cost of their habits at $ 30 per day, on average. Some spend hundreds of dollars per day on drugs. Police attribute much of the

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from 60% in 2007. According to one advocacy group, the average lowest rent in privately owned hotels in the greater DTES area was $ 517 per month in 2015, and no vacant rooms were rented at less than $ 425 per month.

1717:, office spaces, restaurants, and shops. Property values in the DTES area increased by 303% between 2001 and 2013. Prices at the newer retail establishments are often far higher than low-income residents can afford. 1352:

model, which prioritizes stable, quality housing as a precursor to other interventions for the homeless, those who use drugs, or those with mental illness. Many people with severe addiction or mental illness require

620:(SRO) housing, a use which persists to this day. By 1965, the area was known for prostitution and for having a relatively high proportion of poor, single men, many of whom were alcoholics, disabled, or pensioners. 1634:

reported that there were 260 social services and housing sites in the greater DTES area, spending $ 360 million per year. No other Canadian city has concentrated services to this degree in one small area.

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You keep dumping money in, building social housing and filling it up with people from all around the region and the country ... they all get chemically dependent, and it's just more sales for the drug dealers.

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Any discussion of improving the continuum of care for addiction must include housing as an essential component, particularly for the most vulnerable individuals coping with homelessness, addiction, and mental

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The Hotel Empress at 235 East Hastings was built in 1912–1913. Like many SROs in the DTES, it was originally designed for tourists and business travellers and was converted to residential use in the 20th

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often-decrepit conditions in the area's remaining 4,484 privately owned SROs, DTES activists have called for governments to replace them with a further 5,000 social housing units for low-income singles.

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Although housing and homelessness are often perceived as municipal issues, social housing is traditionally funded primarily by senior levels of government, which receive 92% of tax revenue in Canada.

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For some community planning and statistical purposes, the City of Vancouver uses the term "Downtown Eastside" to refer to a much larger area with considerable social and economic diversity, including

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Prevention Society. The greater DTES area is the location of several art galleries, artist-run centres and studios. Prominent local artists include poet Henry Doyle, artist Marcel Mousseau, and poet

6473: 931:, former mayor of Vancouver, said that in the DTES, "Behind the visible people who have a lot of troubles, there's a community. Some very intelligent people say this is the city's cultural heart." 6272: 5918: 5031: 1810:

After the city and police department described an emerging mental health crisis in Vancouver in 2013, the province implemented three of their five recommendations within a year, including new

1769:, a former DTES activist and Member of Parliament, called for a National Housing Strategy in 2009, saying that Canada is the world's only industrialized country with no national housing plan. 640:

When we deinstitutionalized, we promised people that we would put them into the community and give them the support they needed. But we lied. I think it's one of the worst things we ever did.

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The DTES lies a few blocks east of the city's most expensive commercial real estate. Since the mid-2000s, new development in the DTES has brought a mixture of market-rate housing (primarily

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The population of the DTES is estimated to be around 7,000 people. Compared to the city, the DTES has a higher proportion of males and adults who live alone. It also has significantly more

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The greater DTES area is significantly poorer than the rest of Vancouver, with a median income of $ 13,691 versus $ 47,229 for the city as a whole. 53% of the greater DTES population is

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claimed "I'll go down for a walk in the Downtown Eastside, night time or day time, and it's dramatically different than it was. It's incredibly better than it was five, six years ago."

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in the 100-block of West Hastings street, closed in 1993 with devastating effect on the formerly bustling retail district. Meanwhile, a crisis in housing and homelessness was emerging.

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Nationwide efforts to reduce the supply of drugs through law enforcement have had minimal impact on the easy availability or low prices of illicit drugs in Vancouver. By former mayor

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The Downtown Eastside has become the last place where everybody runs to from across Canada. It's the last, best place for people who are the most marginalized people in the country.

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Although many outsiders fear the DTES, its residents take pride in their neighbourhood and describe it as having multiple positive assets. DTES residents say the area has a strong

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individuals in the neighbourhood, saying that having them get the assistance they require is "a necessary condition for other neighbourhood improvement initiatives to succeed."

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of the other 23 communities in the city that is the Downtown Eastside's greatest problem. And the city needs to work to put significantly more services in different communities.

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described the mental health crisis as "on par with, if not more serious than" the DTES HIV / AIDS epidemic that had led to a declaration of a public health emergency in 1997.

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This community could be wiped off the face of the map. The neighbourhood's character has changed in the last three or four years. Affordable rentals are a thing of the past.

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There are no official population figures for the DTES. Estimates have ranged from 6,000 to 8,000; the geographic boundaries associated with these figures were not provided.

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for drug users, housing assistance, employment preparation, adult education, children's programs, emergency housing, arts and recreation, and legal advocacy. In 2014, the

1540:'s estimate, police intercept only 2% of the drugs that enter the city. Vancouver police guidelines on dealing with sex workers emphasize focusing on addressing violence, 6143: 952:

estimated that 2,100 DTES residents "exhibit behaviour that is outside the norm" and require more support in the areas of health and addiction services. According to the

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These figures may be an underestimate, as marginalized populations such as DTES residents tend to be less likely to report crime. Many residents are survivors of the

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Wood, Evan; Spittal, Patricia M.; Small, Will; Kerr, Thomas; Li, Kathy; Hogg, Robert S.; Tyndall, Mark W.; Montaner, Julio S.G.; Schechter, Martin T. (11 May 2004).

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DTES residents say this amount, which has not increased since 2007, is not enough to live on. In 1981, the base welfare rate was equivalent to $ 970 per month after

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Shirley Chan, a prominent community activist and co-founder of the Strathcona Property Owners and Tenants Association (SPOTA), has worked for decades to revitalize

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and cultural heritage. They describe their neighbours as accepting and empathizing with people with addictions and health issues. According to the city government,

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Sex Workers United Against Violence; Allan, Sarah; Bennett, Darcy; Chettiar, Jill; Jackson, Grace; Krüsi, Andrea; Pacey, Katrina; Porth, Kerry; Price, Mae (2020).

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The City refers to the housing and homelessness situation in the DTES as a "crisis". There is wide support amongst governments, experts, and community groups on a

5326: 2086: 1960: 1819:

said that more research was needed to determine whether these beds were urgently needed. As of 2015, the province had opened or committed to only 50 new beds.

1799:

described it as a "221-page document that expertly skirted around any mention of the Downtown Eastside as a failed community in need of a drastic turnaround."

368: 6417: 5928: 2487: 927:, and the Goldcorp Centre for the Arts at the Woodward's site. The musical composition "100 Block Rock," featuring 11 tracks, was released in 2020. In 2010, 782:

estimated that governments and the private sector had spent more than $ 1.4 billion since 2000 on projects aimed at resolving the area's many problems.

2254: 5445: 467:

By some definitions, the DTES extends along Main Street to beyond Terminal Avenue, and the DTES also includes a strip of land adjacent to Vancouver's port.

5267: 3704: 1533:

when a drug user is overdosing, paramedics rather than police respond to 911 calls about overdose deaths, except in cases where public safety is at risk.

724:

Downtown Eastside Justice for All Network asking the government and media to address persistent issues in the Downtown Eastside before the 2010 Olympics .

5748: 4545: 2036: 1659:

Proposals to add social housing and services for those with addiction or mental health issues to other Metro Vancouver neighbourhoods are often met with

6054: 3786: 6762: 5407: 288:, Canada. One of the city's oldest neighbourhoods, the DTES is the site of a complex set of social issues, including disproportionately high levels of 4136: 7171: 5469: 5231: 4795: 161: 1551:

to prey on the community for years before he was arrested in 2002; the VPD apologized in 2010 for its failures in apprehending him. In 2003, the

99: 5586: 5295: 2963: 5059: 4965: 4881: 4429: 3911: 3677:

Three reincarnations of the Smilin' Buddha Cabaret: Entertainment, gentrification, and respectability in Vancouver's Downtown Eastside 1952–84

3298: 1031:

In a 2008 survey of SRO residents in the greater DTES, 32% self-reported as being addicted to drugs, 20% were addicted to alcohol, 52% smoked

6311: 6172: 6115: 5832: 5511: 4613: 6201: 6022: 5858: 5797: 2176: 2109: 1064:

rose by 16% between 2010 and 2012, and there was also an increase in the number of violent incidents involving mentally ill people. Mayor

4748: 3939: 2996: 1076:

The overdose deaths in BC between 2003 and 2018 are up over 725%, and overdose deaths of minors 10–18 years old are up 260% in 10 years.

6698:

Lost in Transition: How a Lack of Capacity in the Mental Health System is Failing Vancouver's Mentally Ill and Draining Police Resources

4517: 3591: 747:

Without a viable retail economy, a drug economy proliferated, with an accompanying increase in crime, while police presence decreased.

519:

Lotus Light Lei Zang Si Temple, a Chinese Buddhist temple in the heart of East Hastings, is part of the diversity of the neighbourhood.

5886: 4675: 3619: 1761:

The Ovaltine Cafe at 251 E. Hastings has served the neighbourhood since the 1940s. The upper portion of the building is an SRO hotel.

1429: 1221: 1168: 1163:

researchers and Indigenous advocacy groups have attributed the over-representation of Indigenous people in Vancouver's sex trade to

968:

between addiction and mental illness in the DTES include the vulnerability of the mentally ill to drug dealers and a recent rise in

174: 6550: 5685: 1863: 881: 492: 5406:

Wood, Evan; Kerr, Thomas; Spittal, Patricia M.; Tyndall, Mark W.; O'shaughnessy, Michael V.; Schechter, Martin T. (April 2003).

5087: 3419: 2459: 654:

In the early 1980s, the DTES was an edgy but still relatively calm place to live. The neighbourhood began a marked shift before

7592: 6755: 3681: 4757: 3967: 3647: 1468:

of a range of organizations, including neighbourhood health care services, but does not include standard city operations, the

6663: 6644: 6594: 5032:"'They thought I was going to back down and leave': DTES tenant's court case shines a light on practices of Sahota landlords" 4457:"The impact of construction and gentrification on an outdoor trans sex work environment: Violence, displacement and policing" 4201: 2326: 1544:, and involvement of youth or gangs in prostitution, whereas sex involving consenting adults is not an enforcement priority. 1193: 1120:

this year. The Vancouver Coastal Health jurisdiction has seen 37 deaths per 100,000 people between January and October 2020.

1093: 681: 535:

First Nations. European settlement of the area began in the mid-19th century, and most early buildings were destroyed in the

414:

The term "Downtown Eastside" is most often used to refer to an area 10 to 50 blocks in size, a few blocks east of the city's

3265: 2150: 7562: 7164: 5612: 4023: 3787:

Improving health outcomes, housing and safety: Addressing the needs of individuals with severe addiction and mental illness

1873: 1024: 964:, the hospital closest to the DTES, are estimated to have multiple addictions. Possible explanations for the high level of 776:

redevelopment and the acquisition of 23 SRO hotels by the provincial government for conversion to social housing. In 2009,

4573: 2732: 6771: 6335:"Inability to access addiction treatment predicts injection initiation among street-involved youth in a Canadian setting" 3151: 277: 2564: 324:, policies that pushed sex work and drug-related activity out of nearby areas, and the cessation of federal funding for 5408:"The health care and fiscal costs of the illicit drug use epidemic: The impact of conventional drug control strategies" 3194: 1479: 1282:. In the V6A postal area, whose boundaries are similar to the greater DTES area, 6,339 residents received some form of 1081: 961: 7531: 6748: 3413:"Vancouver Downtown Eastside Putting it All Together: Plans Policies, Programs, Projects, and Proposals: A Synthesis" 2764: 2342: 2234: 605: 6697: 3523: 6857: 6229: 5450: 2653: 680:

Between 1980 and 2002, more than 60 women went missing from the DTES, most of them sex workers. A large number are

594: 6677: 4749:

Strathcona Business Improvement Association, Ray-Cam Community Association, and Inner City Safety Society (2012).

3027: 800:

described the current reality of the neighbourhood as "100-per-cent failure." Also in 2014, B.C. housing minister

433:. The area around Hastings and Main is where the neighbourhood's social issues are most visible, described in the 7577: 7157: 6862: 5779:"Activists reach a pact with police over Downtown Eastside issues; New procedures erase the list of complaints". 3066:"Vancouver's 'gulag': Canada's poorest neighbourhood refuses to get better despite $ 1M a day in social spending" 1432:

atrocities are the norm." Many DTES residents are too unstable to keep appointments or reliably take medication.

1167:, linking it to Canada's colonial history and in particular, to the cultural and individual damage caused by the 880:

The area has had a robust tradition of advocacy for its marginalized residents since at least the 1970s when the

877:

is valued by SRO residents as "a place to meet friends, get support, access services and feel like they belong."

616:

streets. As tourist traffic declined, the neighbourhood's hotels became run-down and were gradually converted to

7492: 4016: 1624:

The DTES is the site of many service offerings, including social housing, health care, free meals and clothing,

593:

In 1942, the neighbourhood lost its entire ethnic Japanese population, estimated at 8,000 to 10,000, due to the

374:

Since Vancouver's real-estate boom began in the early 21st century, the area has been increasingly experiencing

7582: 4639: 4206:

Mayor's Overdose Emergency Task Force – Recommendations for Immediate Action on the Overdose Crisis – RTS 12926

1891: 1188: 674: 429:, where residents have gathered for over a hundred years to connect. This intersection is also the home of the 5446:"Pain and wasting on Main and Hastings: A perspective from the Vancouver Native Health Society Medical Clinic" 7597: 7557: 7404: 6843: 5979: 4456: 1811: 1065: 418: 563:

used its hundreds of hotels and rooming houses. Large Japanese and Chinese immigrant communities settled in

7515: 7267: 7021: 6879: 4235:"British Columbia Coroners Service Illicit Drug Toxicity Deaths in BC January 1, 2010 – September 30, 2020" 3189: 1698:

Strathcona Business Improvement Association, Ray-Cam Community Association, and Inner City Safety Society,

920: 260: 3563: 2973:(2nd ed.). Urban Health Research Initiative of the British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS 2816: 7262: 7087: 7077: 6838: 6704: 6673: 6086: 5828: 4814: 1832: 1781:

In 2001, the city adopted a "Four Pillars" drug strategy consisting of four equally important "pillars":

1704: 1511: 1405:. Few of those infected with hepatitis C receive treatment. The DTES population also has higher rates of 953: 874: 772:

In the 21st century, considerable investment was made in DTES services and infrastructure, including the

453: 426: 5238: 4310:"Years after Pickton's arrest, the killings have stopped in the Downtown Eastside, the violence has not" 1993: 1547:

Relations between police and DTES women were strained by police shortcomings that allowed serial killer

1364: 7567: 7552: 7252: 7188: 7128: 6982: 6333:

DeBeck, Kora; Kerr, Thomas; Nolan, Seonaid; Dong, Huiru; Montaner, Julio; Wood, Evan (6 January 2016).

5953:"Marginalized Voices From The Downtown Eastside: Aboriginal Women Speak About Their Health Experiences" 4309: 3152:"Exclusive demographic picture: A comparison of key statistics in the DTES, Vancouver, B.C. and Canada" 2037:"B.C. has country's highest rate of police-involved deaths, groundbreaking CBC data reveals | CBC News" 1782: 1710: 575: 4078: 7093: 7031: 6884: 6853: 5202: 5174: 3733: 1314: 1250: 816:

Demonstrators at a march for women's housing, part of the long history of social activism in the DTES

632: 556: 484: 430: 6535: 4166:

British Columbia Coroners Service Illicit Drug Toxicity Deaths in BC January 1, 2009 – June 30, 2019

3364:"Study finds steep drug and mental health challenges for Downtown Eastside single-occupancy tenants" 1413:

than the rest of the province, and injection drug users are susceptible to other infections such as

507: 7572: 6737:, a documentary shot in the DTES that follows interactions between police officers and drug addicts 3793: 3272: 2924: 1807:

in the previous 6 months, with the lack of success primarily due to being placed on waiting lists.

1225: 1164: 949: 560: 7481: 4809: 988:

article described the DTES as "home to one of the worst drug problems in North America." In 2011,

7383: 7081: 7056: 7036: 6605: 4271: 2850: 1522: 1320:

approximately half of the city's total homeless population, over a third of whom are Indigenous.

1005: 969: 916: 670: 552: 551:

and part of the DTES. At the turn of the century, the DTES was the heart of the city, containing

442:

Some indications of the borders of the DTES, which shift and are poorly defined, are as follows:

422: 6740: 5568: 4401: 2488:"Carrall Street: Home to some of Vancouver's coolest bars, a stone's throw away from crackheads" 2255:"10 years of police data reveals how gentrification has affected crime in the Downtown Eastside" 1373:

social housing units increased by 4038 units. In 2014, 300 privately owned SRO units were lost.

1305:

The DTES is often referred to as "Canada's poorest postal code," although this is not the case.

487:

area, and the light industrial area to the north. This area, referred to in this article as the

7467: 7204: 7180: 7011: 6951: 5608:"Displacement of Canada's largest public illicit drug market in response to a police crackdown" 5005: 4212: 2878: 2010: 1663:, even when residents selected for such projects would be low-risk individuals. A 2012 poll of 1129: 1089: 773: 741: 4788: 7510: 7337: 7247: 7197: 7046: 7041: 6921: 6522: 5463: 5146: 4464: 2705:"Robert Pickton: Missing women inquiry concludes bias against victims led to police failures" 765: 617: 480: 4205: 1232:

are "predatory drug dealers who conduct their business with violence, torture, and terror."

1115:

An emergency opioid overdose kit, containing a single dose of naloxone, needle, and syringe.

7026: 7016: 6977: 6868: 6818: 6726: 6617: 6422: 5891: 5064: 4546:"Women working in Vancouver sex trade were seen as "disposable," inquiry hears – NEWS 1130" 4141: 3705:"Artists from Vancouver's Downtown Eastside Come Together for '100 Block Rock' Compilation" 3624: 3368: 2737: 2259: 1887: 1853: 1729: 1721: 1288: 1217:

location of 34.5% of all reported serious assaults and 22.6% of all robberies in the city.

1180: 1159: 924: 825: 793: 598: 568: 564: 536: 472: 448: 360: 313: 226: 1361:

provincial government approximately $ 30,000 to $ 40,000 per year in additional services.

8: 7257: 6946: 6926: 6802: 6418:"Vancouver hospitals predict 2015 will see emergency mental-health visits surpass 10,000" 3819:"Vancouver subset struggling to escape corrections system's 'revolving door,' study says" 1961:"SisterSpace: Canada's first and only overdose prevention site for women is saving lives" 1804: 1786: 1552: 1151: 1529:

and result in excessive harassment and violence against Indigenous and Black residents.

1196:

and girls (MMIWG) cases, including those involved in the mass killings by serial killer

7587: 7369: 6797: 6555: 6393: 6361: 6334: 6277: 6202:"The Battle of Hastings: Notorious Vancouver street in for big changes — and conflicts" 6177: 6148: 6064: 6006: 5758: 5753: 5721: 5545: 5412: 4649: 4515: 4486: 4054: 3859: 3823: 3739: 3156: 3099: 3032: 2769: 2181: 2114: 1354: 1237: 1228:

as a result of Residential Schools, and are further traumatized by excessive policing.

870: 778: 756:

overdoses. Efforts to reduce drug-related deaths in the DTES included the opening of a

720: 711: 415: 5642: 5607: 4712: 1302:

considered participants in the labour force, compared to 33% in Vancouver as a whole.

1235:

In addition to reported crime, the DTES has the highly visible street disorder, which

923:, and other artists regularly perform in DTES venues such as the Carnegie Centre, the 812: 7474: 7418: 7376: 7307: 7072: 7051: 6659: 6640: 6590: 6366: 6234: 5802: 5690: 5647: 5629: 4776: 4578: 4491: 3211: 2492: 2322: 2230: 1907: 1840: 1556: 1541: 1518:

in dealing with drugs and sex work, emphasizing harm reduction over law enforcement.

1283: 1275: 1017: 608:

closed; its main depot was at Carrall and Hastings. Theatres and shops moved towards

297: 216: 6500:"Remembering the legacy of Shirley Chan: Saving Vancouver's Chinatown neighbourhood" 6499: 4137:"Vancouver police and mayor issue recommendations to address mental health "crisis"" 3675: 7397: 7118: 6503: 6356: 6346: 5637: 5621: 4912: 4621: 4481: 4473: 4269: 3207: 3203: 1526: 1425: 1295: 993: 912: 889: 609: 559:. Travellers connecting between Pacific steamships and the western terminus of the 461: 285: 3883: 3190:"The Hotel Study: Multimorbidity in a Community Sample Living in Marginal Housing" 7347: 6961: 5587:"Blacks, Indigenous over represented in Vancouver police stops: 10 years of data" 4232: 4163: 2383: 2224: 1898: 1664: 1465: 1279: 1242: 1047:

in Vancouver to chronic repeat offenders who steal to support their drug habits.

757: 752: 524: 341: 301: 289: 1757: 861: 728:

In the 1990s, the situation in the DTES deteriorated further on several fronts.

7460: 7322: 7292: 6996: 6582: 6389:"A year after Vancouver declares mental health crisis, cases continue to climb" 5358:"Vancouver's Downtown Eastside residents dying at 8 times the national average" 4614:"Red Women Rising: Indigenous Women Survivors in Vancouver's Downtown Eastside" 1790: 1714: 1643:

they could separate from the neighbourhood's predatory drug pushers and pimps.

1625: 1548: 1197: 1044: 965: 945: 685: 646: 528: 407: 383: 375: 353: 349: 325: 305: 48: 6733: 6351: 5327:"Vancouver's vision for Downtown Eastside stokes anti-gentrification protests" 4882:"Downtown Eastside activists fear 2016 will see a spike in Vancouver homeless" 3966:

Lewis, Martha; Boyes, Kathleen; McClanaghan, Dale; Copas, Jason (April 2008).

3784: 1424:

include low self-worth, lack of personal safety, lack of respect from others,

1150:

track" workers), where they typically earn $ 5 to $ 20 for a "date". Most are

907:, which showcases the art, culture, and history of the neighbourhood, and the 7546: 7432: 7390: 7342: 7332: 7327: 7317: 7312: 7302: 7297: 6916: 6874: 6828: 6587:

A Thousand Dreams: Vancouver's Downtown Eastside and the Fight for its Future

6306: 6206: 6120: 5923: 5863: 5666: 5633: 5512:"Injecting common painkiller an alternative to heroin, Vancouver study finds" 5272: 5129: 5127: 5125: 5123: 5036: 4970: 4933: 4886: 4727: 4477: 4430:"Vancouver's Anti-Sex Work Gentrification Projects are a Form of Imperialism" 4337: 4335: 4333: 4314: 3944: 3916: 3332:"Half of Downtown Eastside's homeless residents came from other areas: study" 3303: 3299:"Opinion: Health-care system poorly understands our addicts and mentally ill" 3070: 3001: 2678: 2464: 2428: 2205: 2081: 1859: 1795: 1630: 1537: 1515: 1469: 1397:

A 2013 study of SRO residents in the greater DTES area found that 18.4% were

1349: 1254: 1184: 1077: 989: 797: 787: 748: 729: 613: 544: 540: 435: 379: 364: 337: 333: 329: 256: 114: 101: 6443: 6441: 5481: 5479: 5296:"Renovictions on Vancouver's Downtown Eastside Aren't Stopping Anytime Soon" 5268:"Vancouver introduces harsh SRO rules to dissuade owners from 'renovicting'" 3418:. Building Community Society of Greater Vancouver. July 2010. Archived from 3243: 3241: 3239: 3237: 3222: 2796: 2623: 2621: 2619: 2617: 2615: 1420:

Amongst the most vulnerable DTES residents, common issues with psychosocial

1171:, which previous generations of indigenous Canadians were forced to attend. 1141: 515: 394: 7411: 7352: 7123: 6956: 6823: 6453: 6370: 5919:"Pete McMartin: Vancouver's Downtown Eastside is a ghetto made by outsider" 5854: 5781: 5651: 5331: 5227: 4495: 4360: 3648:"Storytelling Takes Centre Stage at Vancouver's Heart of the City Festival" 3454: 3452: 3215: 2929: 2821: 2709: 2590: 2588: 2546: 2544: 2542: 2540: 2538: 2536: 2534: 2532: 2530: 2223:

Asfour, John Mikhail; Gardiner, Elee Kraljii, eds. (2012). "Introduction".

1903: 1766: 1414: 1406: 1382: 928: 801: 733: 371:, and there is mutual mistrust between police and many homeless residents. 293: 179: 5959:. The National Network on Environments and Women's Health, York University 5378: 5120: 4945: 4693: 4593: 4330: 1942: 1940: 1938: 1936: 1934: 1932: 1930: 1928: 7453: 7446: 7425: 7287: 7211: 7149: 7113: 6637:

Hope in Shadows: Stories and Photographs of Vancouver's Downtown Eastside

6438: 5717:"SisterWatch initiative has not built trust between police, DTES: report" 5625: 5476: 4966:"Is Vancouver's Downtown Eastside really "Canada's poorest postal code"?" 4289: 4050:"Tackling chronic offenders key to reducing Vancouver's high crime rates" 3234: 2612: 2600: 1803:

drugs in Vancouver indicated that 28% had tried unsuccessfully to access

1590: 1402: 696: 6678:

Project Lockstep: A United Effort to Save Lives in the Downtown Eastside

6004:

Woo, Andrea (4 October 2012). "NIMBYism based on 'fear of the unknown".

5088:"Kerry Jang on city's broken-down SROs: 'There's only so much we can do" 4356:"Prostitutes' only relief, inquiry hears, is self-medication with drugs" 3449: 2899: 2784: 2585: 2527: 2077:"Downtown Eastside: 260 agencies, housing sites crowd Downtown Eastside" 1448: 7500: 7439: 6931: 4625: 3855:"How drugs, lack of safe housing fuel Vancouver's mental-health crisis" 1925: 1869: 1816: 1421: 1013: 897: 166: 5175:

Housing & Homelessness Strategy Targets 2012–2014 2012 Report Card

4233:

Ministry of Public Safety & Solicitor General (19 November 2020).

3912:"Little if any heroin left in Vancouver, all fentanyl: drug advocates" 1472:

of building social housing or other infrastructure, or hospital costs.

785:

Opinions vary on whether the area has improved: A 2014 article in the

6936: 6775: 6507: 5300: 4083: 3968:

Downtown Eastside Demographic Study of SRO and Social Housing Tenants

3620:"Downtown Eastside poet and activist Bud Osborn remembered as "hero"" 3592:"Marcel Mousseau Made the Downtown Eastside Market a Welcoming Space" 3505: 3503: 2130: 1456:

Several overlapping sets of data exist on costs related to the DTES:

1437: 1246: 1111: 1036: 1032: 1001: 973: 604:

In the 1950s, the city centre continued its shift westward after the

579: 321: 281: 251: 207: 6116:"Vancouver's $ 1-billion Downtown Eastside plan approved by council" 6023:"Low-income rental units drying up in Vancouver's Downtown Eastside" 4913:"A Tyee Series Jean Swanson's Advocacy for Vancouver's Impoverished" 4270:

Dobell Advisory Services Inc and DCF Consulting Ltd (5 March 2007).

4164:

Ministry of Public Safety & Solicitor General (16 August 2019).

3543: 1856:

and preserve historical sites in the neighbourhood from development.

1208: 7218: 6889: 6144:"Mike Harcourt weighs in on delicate issues behind Pidgin protests" 6059: 5887:"Downtown Eastside residents fear dispersal due to Local Area Plan" 5591: 5541:"Vancouver police to prioritize safety over anti-prostitution laws" 5362: 5092: 4917: 4860: 4858: 4856: 4644: 4406: 4383: 4381: 4379: 3888: 3709: 3652: 3596: 3568: 3528: 3336: 2883: 2855: 2569: 2388: 2041: 1965: 1737: 1660: 1410: 1385:

to control rents and that the province should raise welfare rates.

997: 532: 345: 309: 6273:"Vancouver reveals $ 1-billion plan for Downtown Eastside revival" 3990: 3988: 3500: 2633: 2517: 2515: 2513: 2511: 2409: 2407: 2274: 2203:

Steffenhagen, Janet (8 December 2006). "Our four blocks of hell".

1436:

times more likely to die than the national average, mostly due to

6941: 6848: 6770: 6302:"City unveils $ 1-billion plan for Vancouver's Downtown Eastside" 5798:"Vancouver Police Department sidesteps stance on DTES jaywalkers" 5232:

Our Homes Can't-Wait: CCAP's 2015 Hotel Survey and Housing Report

1155:

criminal records or addictions that make it harder to find jobs.

1009: 996:

in Vancouver, followed by injected prescription opioids (such as

659: 655: 587: 548: 476: 6249: 5108: 4985: 4853: 4841: 4829: 4376: 3940:"B.C. declares public health emergency after fentanyl overdoses" 3785:

Regional Mental Health & Addiction Program (November 2013).

1265: 4751:"Vancouver's Downtown Eastside: A Community in Need of Balance" 4272:

Vancouver Homelessness Funding Model: More than just a warm bed

4017:

Stepping Forward – Improving Addiction Care in British Columbia

3985: 3437: 3126: 2508: 2441: 2439: 2404: 2360: 2321:(first ed.). Vancouver: Whitecap Books Ltd. pp. 1–3. 2298: 2286: 1733: 1669: 1619:

Scott Clark, Aboriginal Life in Vancouver Enhancement Society,

1417:. Indigenous people are at the greatest risk from the disease. 885: 761: 663: 6658:. Vancouver: Contemporary Art Gallery and Arsenal Pulp Press. 6055:"Vancouver's Downtown Eastside feeling gentrification squeeze" 4676:

Paige's Story – Abuse, Indifference and a Young Life Discarded

3188:

Vila-Rodriguez, Fidel; Panenka, William J. (1 December 2003).

3114: 628: 456:

and Cordova Streets, between Cambie Street and Jackson Avenue.

402: 7242: 6639:. Vancouver, BC: Arsenal Pulp Press and Pivot Legal Society. 3836: 3834: 3095:"Downtown Eastside redevelopment debate is the same old game" 1611: 555:, the courthouse, banks, the main shopping district, and the 233: 212: 5671:

City Making in Paradise: Nine Decisions that Saved Vancouver

5060:"Lawsuit launched against Downtown Eastside building owners" 4525:

The Case against Criminalizing the Purchase of Sex in Canada

4115: 4113: 3266:"Downtown Eastside Second Generation Health System Strategy" 2436: 1650: 1476:

Wider-area costs related to issues concentrated in the DTES:

1096:

on 20 December 2018 regarding the opioid crisis, he stated:

1020:, is a significant source of harm to residents of the DTES. 6672: 6459: 6447: 5859:"Residents suggest solutions to Downtown Eastside problems" 5749:"Allow police misconduct hearings, legal group urges judge" 5686:"Advocates laud new Vancouver police 'sex work' guidelines" 5491: 5384: 5237:(Report). Carnegie Community Action Project. Archived from 4951: 4939: 4733: 4699: 4599: 4550: 4341: 4295: 3228: 2802: 1560: 452:

focused on an area that consisted of a six-block length of

4098: 3965: 3831: 3766: 3754: 2997:"Downtown Eastside tenants love their renovated SRO suite" 1776: 597:. After the war, most did not return to the once-thriving 523:

The DTES forms part of the traditional territories of the

421:. The neighbourhood is centred around the intersection of 316:, history of social activism, and artistic contributions. 6087:

Downtown Eastside Social Impact Assessment – Draft Report

5444:

Adilman, Steve, MD; Kliewer, Gordon, RN (November 2000).

4110: 2733:"Women's Memorial March to take place on Valentine's Day" 2177:"What I saw in a day on the Downtown Eastside shocked me" 1452:

The crowded sidewalk of Hastings Street, near Main Street

1398: 1331: 1294:

Some DTES residents supplement their incomes through the

985: 669:

Meanwhile, the provincial government adopted a policy of

583: 3564:"The Downtown Eastside? 'There's a Heartbeat Down Here'" 3488: 3476: 3464: 3384: 2925:"Vancouver's Downtown Eastside gets a new lease on life" 1579: 1521:

The VPD engages in the controversial practice known as "

1505:

Reid Shier, former DTES art gallery director / curator,

1241:

described as "a shock even to someone familiar with the

47:

The Downtown Eastside and Woodward's site at dusk, from

5980:"Not in My Backyard: Nimby alive and well in Vancouver" 4079:"We Asked Drug Addicts How Much Their Habit Costs Them" 1500:

with the incarcerated dealers multiplying replacements.

1212:

Peoples' Pigeon Park, near Hastings and Carrall Streets

348:; decrepit and squalid housing; a shortage of low-cost 6173:"Finally, an issue that sets mayoral candidates apart" 5405: 5203:

2015 Report on Homelessness and Related Actions on SRO

4612:

Martin, Carol Muree; Walia, Harsha (4 November 2019).

1016:, especially when it involves the use of highly toxic 673:

of the mentally ill, leading to the mass discharge of

4669: 4667: 3187: 3183: 3181: 3179: 3177: 3175: 2565:"Expo 86 evictions: remembering the fair's dark side" 2426:"Demolish City's Skid Road, Murder Protest Demands". 2074: 539:

of 1886. Residents rebuilt their town at the edge of

5605: 4681:(Report). B.C. Representative for Children and Youth 2879:"Point for point: Canada's needle exchange programs" 21:

Neighbourhood in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

6581: 6332: 5485: 5226: 5133: 4906: 4904: 3458: 3247: 2905: 2790: 2639: 2627: 2606: 2594: 2550: 2136: 1946: 1872:(1947–2014) and Ann Livingston, co-founders of the 5951: 5152:(Report). Partnerships British Columbia. June 2013 4664: 4574:"Downtown Eastside: The neighbourhood at a glance" 3732: 3172: 1368:A protestor's character during a march for housing 6615: 6603: 6339:Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy 6255: 5114: 4991: 4864: 4847: 4835: 4640:"Police bust drug ring that used torture, terror" 4387: 3994: 3549: 3509: 3443: 3145: 3143: 3141: 3132: 3120: 2971:British Columbia Centre of Excellence in HIV/AIDS 2413: 2366: 2304: 2292: 2280: 1555:filed 50 complaints from DTES residents alleging 7544: 6135: 6109: 6107: 6014: 5912: 5910: 5742: 5740: 4901: 3524:"A 'Family' of Artists of the Downtown Eastside" 2196: 595:Canadian government's internment of these people 6266: 6264: 5664: 5439: 5437: 5435: 5351: 5349: 5169: 5167: 3938:Ellis, Erin; Lindsay, Bethany (14 April 2016). 2918: 2916: 2914: 2248: 2246: 2226:V6A: Writing from Vancouver's Downtown Eastside 2110:"B.C. Premier's Olympic plan worries activists" 2075:Culbert, Lori; McMartin, Peter (27 June 2014). 1672:for the most troubled individuals in the city. 944:The DTES population suffers very high rates of 939: 547:and Carrall streets, a townsite that now forms 340:emergency. As of 2018, critical issues include 7235: 5710: 5708: 5574:. Vancouver Police Department. September 2006. 5443: 5023: 4875: 4873: 4301: 3138: 2377: 2375: 2222: 1994:Homelessness & Supportive Housing Strategy 7165: 6756: 6293: 6230:"Downtown Eastside: 'It's just the Ovaltine'" 6104: 6092:(Report). City of Vancouver. 15 February 2014 5950:Benoit, Ceclia; Dena, Caroll (1 March 2001). 5907: 5772: 5737: 5180:(Report). City of Vancouver. 12 February 2013 4997: 4673: 3357: 3355: 3059: 3057: 3055: 3053: 3051: 2990: 2988: 2849:Katic, Gordon; Fenn, Sam (5 September 2014). 2758: 2756: 2070: 2068: 2066: 2064: 2062: 2060: 2058: 2056: 2054: 2052: 1675: 1571:the two worst problems in the neighbourhood. 6727:Map and Local Area Plan for the greater DTES 6695: 6551:"Native son Good sings of Vancouver the bad" 6261: 6221: 5847: 5817: 5497: 5468:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 5432: 5401: 5399: 5397: 5395: 5393: 5346: 5320: 5318: 5164: 4957: 4802: 4744: 4742: 4393: 4119: 4104: 4070: 4043: 4041: 3961: 3959: 3957: 3955: 3937: 3884:"Vancouver: 'Drug Central' of North America" 3840: 3772: 3760: 3325: 3323: 3321: 3021: 3019: 2911: 2851:"Vancouver's Addiction Ambitions, Revisited" 2844: 2842: 2840: 2808: 2451: 2335: 2243: 2202: 1822: 1510:In comparison to other Canadian cities, the 1203: 905:Downtown Eastside Heart of the City Festival 567:, which lies within the DTES, and in nearby 16:Neighbourhood in Vancouver, British Columbia 6606:"Downtown Eastside Local Area Profile 2013" 6471: 6409: 6382: 6380: 6326: 6193: 6141: 5943: 5878: 5789: 5705: 5287: 5261: 5259: 5230:; Chan, King-mong; Wallstam, Maria (2016). 5197: 5195: 4910: 4870: 4611: 4402:"Angel's Story: Trapped in a Violent World" 4347: 4130: 4128: 4011: 4009: 4007: 4005: 4003: 3903: 3881: 3292: 3290: 2958: 2956: 2954: 2952: 2950: 2948: 2460:"Japantown: Vancouver's lost neighbourhood" 2372: 2319:Strathcona: Vancouver's First Neighbourhood 1885:Films set in the Downtown Eastside include 1440:and hepatitis C-related liver dysfunction. 1008:(usually injected rather than smoked), and 865:Mosaic sidewalk art on East Hastings Street 406:Downtown Eastside and Woodward's site from 398:The DTES and its surrounding neighbourhoods 7179: 7172: 7158: 6763: 6749: 6634: 6164: 6049: 6047: 6045: 6043: 5949: 5677: 5534: 5532: 5503: 4565: 4307: 4263: 3812: 3810: 3494: 3482: 3470: 3407: 3405: 3403: 3401: 3399: 3390: 3352: 3260: 3258: 3256: 3048: 2985: 2964:"Drug Situation in Vancouver, 2nd Edition" 2753: 2479: 2101: 2049: 751:arrived in Vancouver in 1995, and crystal 6497: 6360: 6350: 6020: 5977: 5785:. Vancouver. 6 November 2007. p. A7. 5641: 5569:"Vancouver Police Department Drug Policy" 5390: 5315: 5220: 5208:(Report). City of Vancouver. 15 July 2015 5051: 5029: 4794:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 4739: 4485: 4038: 3952: 3562:Cheung, Christopher (11 September 2020). 3318: 3086: 3016: 2848: 2837: 2763:McNeil, Donald G. Jr. (7 February 2011). 2651: 2556: 1991: 1651:Views on services in other neighbourhoods 1278:, compared to 13.6% of the population of 1222:Canadian Indian residential school system 1179:After the displacements that occurred on 378:. Some see gentrification as a force for 77: 6548: 6517:– via DTES Research Access Portal. 6377: 6113: 6079: 5997: 5916: 5746: 5658: 5584: 5256: 5192: 5139: 5080: 4632: 4125: 4076: 4000: 3882:Mirchandani, Rajesh (10 February 2010). 3680:(M.A. thesis). Simon Fraser University. 3287: 3149: 2945: 2922: 2814: 2696: 2168: 1999:(Report). City of Vancouver. p. 28. 1756: 1447: 1392: 1363: 1264: 1207: 1110: 860: 811: 760:in 1989, the opening of North America's 719: 695: 627: 514: 511:The corner of Hastings and Main, c. 1912 506: 446:A 2016 analysis of crime in the DTES by 401: 393: 336:in the DTES led to the declaration of a 320:several factors, including an influx of 6653: 6472:Hollingdale, Hazel (16 November 2020). 6270: 6040: 5853: 5529: 4963: 4399: 4200: 3909: 3875: 3846: 3807: 3778: 3724: 3674:Dyck, Bruce Daniel (23 February 2018). 3396: 3253: 2871: 2765:"An H.I.V. Strategy Invites Addicts In" 2679:"Feb 14th Annual Womens Memorial March" 2521: 2445: 2381: 1910:was inspired by the Downtown Eastside. 1864:Downtown Eastside Residents Association 1777:Addiction and mental illness strategies 882:Downtown Eastside Residents Association 7545: 6415: 6299: 6199: 5884: 5795: 5714: 5293: 5147:Project Report: SRO Renewal Initiative 4911:Christopher, Ben (10 September 2012). 4879: 4674:Turpel-Lafond, Mary Ellen (May 2015). 4353: 3730: 3702: 3692:– via dtesresearchaccess.ubc.ca. 3589: 3561: 3361: 3150:Brethour, Patrick (13 February 2009). 3063: 2994: 2762: 2485: 2457: 2252: 2218: 2216: 2151:"Take a Walk on the Downtown Eastside" 1880: 1332:Housing availability and affordability 1028:health emergency across the province. 344:, especially those involving the drug 7153: 6744: 6227: 6170: 5683: 5509: 5366:. No. 10 September 2015. Toronto 4571: 4454: 4047: 3684:from the original on 16 November 2021 3645: 3521: 3092: 3025: 2817:"The science is in. And Insite works" 2730: 2724: 2654:"The Faces of Homelessness Across BC" 2562: 2316: 2107: 2034: 1752: 1647:be located in the greater DTES area. 1580:Concentration of services controversy 1478:In the closest hospital to the DTES, 1401:positive and 70.3% were positive for 1194:missing and murdered Indigenous women 843: 682:missing and murdered Indigenous women 7142:indicate neighbourhoods now defunct. 6696:Wilson-Bates, Fiona (January 2008). 6635:Cran, Brad; Jerome, Gillian (2008). 6585:; Boyd, Neil; Cutbert, Lori (2009). 6549:Lederman, Marsha (30 October 2009). 5673:. D & M Publishers. p. 198. 5613:Canadian Medical Association Journal 5324: 5057: 5003: 4518:"My Work Should Not Cost Me My Life" 4134: 4024:British Columbia Medical Association 3673: 3617: 3296: 3064:Hopper, Tristin (14 November 2014). 2702: 2317:Atkin, John (1994). "Introduction". 1992:Mauboules, Celine (7 October 2020). 1958: 1874:Vancouver Area Network of Drug Users 1846: 1736:-oriented neighbourhood like nearby 1025:Vancouver Area Network of Drug Users 6656:Every Building on 100 West Hastings 6616:City of Vancouver (15 March 2014). 6498:Alexander, Don (31 December 2019). 6386: 6271:Dhillon, Sunny (27 February 2014). 6114:Robinson, Matthew (15 March 2014). 6003: 5585:Prystupa, Mychaylo (14 June 2018). 5355: 5265: 4705: 4308:Hutchinson, Brian (16 March 2012). 4135:Cole, Yolande (13 September 2013). 3852: 3816: 3329: 2683:14 Feb Annual Womens Memorial March 2652:Patterson, Michelle (Summer 2007). 2213: 2174: 2148: 992:was the most commonly used illicit 691: 635:at the corner of Main and Hastings. 13: 6589:. Vancouver, BC: Greystone Books. 6228:Rossi, Cheryl (28 February 2014). 6142:Mickleburgh, Rod (14 March 2013). 5538: 4964:Skelton, Chad (10 February 2010). 4572:Rossi, Cheryl (28 February 2014). 4354:Keller, James (6 September 2012). 4077:Krishnan, Manisha (8 March 2016). 4048:Matas, Robert (6 September 2012). 3195:The American Journal of Psychiatry 3026:Matas, Robert (13 February 2009). 2995:Morton, Brian (28 February 2015). 2384:"Vancouver's SROs: 'Zero Vacancy'" 1493: 1082:Vancouver Coastal Health Authority 1071: 903:Notable annual events include the 439:in 2006 as "four blocks of hell." 352:; and mental illness, which often 312:. It is also known for its strong 14: 7609: 6720: 6416:Lupick, Travis (19 August 2015). 6300:Mackie, John (26 February 2014). 6021:Colebourn, John (20 March 2016). 5747:Theodore, Terri (17 March 2009). 5486:Campbell, Boyd & Cutbert 2009 5134:Campbell, Boyd & Cutbert 2009 4880:Lupick, Travis (6 January 2016). 4400:Alarcon, Krystal (4 March 2013). 3703:Hughes, Josiah (5 October 2020). 3646:Denis, Jen St (26 October 2021). 3522:Denis, Jen St (9 February 2021). 3459:Campbell, Boyd & Cutbert 2009 3362:Lupick, Travis (10 August 2013). 3248:Campbell, Boyd & Cutbert 2009 2923:MacQueen, Ken (15 October 2012). 2906:Campbell, Boyd & Cutbert 2009 2791:Campbell, Boyd & Cutbert 2009 2731:Elien, Shadi (13 February 2009). 2640:Campbell, Boyd & Cutbert 2009 2628:Campbell, Boyd & Cutbert 2009 2607:Campbell, Boyd & Cutbert 2009 2595:Campbell, Boyd & Cutbert 2009 2551:Campbell, Boyd & Cutbert 2009 2458:Mackie, John (19 February 2014). 2253:Lupick, Travis (2 October 2016). 2229:. Vancouver: Arsenal Pulp Press. 2137:Campbell, Boyd & Cutbert 2009 1947:Campbell, Boyd & Cutbert 2009 1050: 934: 892:, and the creation of CRAB Park. 6858:Granville Entertainment District 6542: 6491: 6465: 6460:Vancouver Police Department 2009 6448:Vancouver Police Department 2009 5978:Ludvigsen, Mykle (Summer 2005). 5971: 5796:Howell, Mike (21 January 2014). 5599: 5578: 5561: 5451:British Columbia Medical Journal 5385:Vancouver Police Department 2009 5294:Murphy, Meghan (24 April 2014). 5030:Colebourn, John (10 July 2016). 4952:Vancouver Police Department 2009 4940:Vancouver Police Department 2009 4734:Vancouver Police Department 2009 4700:Vancouver Police Department 2009 4605: 4600:Vancouver Police Department 2009 4538: 4509: 4448: 4422: 4342:Vancouver Police Department 2009 4296:Vancouver Police Department 2009 3731:Bishop, Greg (4 February 2010). 3229:Vancouver Police Department 2009 3093:Quinn, Stephen (14 March 2014). 2803:Vancouver Police Department 2009 2703:Fong, Petti (17 December 2002). 2486:Mackie, John (18 October 2008). 2011:"Aboriginal Health & Safety" 1973:from the original on 28 May 2021 1686:Harold Lavender, DTES resident, 1574: 1567:report serious safety concerns. 979: 194:18,477 for the greater DTES area 76: 69: 41: 6387:Woo, Andrea (23 October 2014). 6171:Mason, Gary (23 October 2008). 5917:McMartin, Pete (27 June 2014). 5885:Lupick, Travis (9 April 2014). 5715:Stueck, Wendy (25 April 2016). 5684:Rossi, Cheryl (22 March 2012). 4226: 4194: 4157: 3931: 3853:Luk, Vivian (13 October 2013). 3734:"In the Shadow of the Olympics" 3696: 3667: 3639: 3611: 3583: 3555: 3515: 3297:Maté, Gabor (24 January 2016). 2671: 2645: 2419: 2310: 2175:Gee, Marcus (9 November 2018). 2108:Matas, Robert (13 March 2009). 1174: 1023:In 2016, a board member of the 972:use, which can cause permanent 807: 762:first legal safe injection site 5539:Li, Wanyee (5 December 2014). 5058:Cole, Yolande (29 June 2011). 4242:Government of British Columbia 4173:Government of British Columbia 3910:Geordon, Omand (22 May 2016). 3817:Woo, Andrea (6 January 2016). 3590:Lennie, Linda (22 July 2021). 3330:Woo, Andrea (7 January 2016). 3208:10.1176/appi.ajp.2013.12111439 2815:MacQueen, Ken (20 July 2015). 2563:Baker, Rafferty (4 May 2016). 2382:Paulsen, Monte (29 May 2007). 2343:"Strathcona North of Hastings" 2142: 2035:Brend, Yvette (5 April 2018). 2028: 2003: 1985: 1952: 1892:The Ballad of Oppenheimer Park 1514:is generally considered to be 831:A 2009 demographic profile by 742:stopped funding social housing 493:Vancouver's heritage buildings 1: 7593:Red-light districts in Canada 7516:Red-Light District (Montreal) 7405:Love in the Time of Civil War 7094:Punjabi Market / Little India 6200:Mackie, John (6 March 2014). 5006:Vancouver Homeless Count 2016 3973:(Report). Vancouver Agreement 1959:Nagy, Melanie (27 May 2021). 1913: 1812:Assertive Community Treatment 1747: 1732:, not to become an expensive 1088:In a report presented to the 1056:support for this population. 649:, former mayor of Vancouver, 5510:Ellis, Erin (7 April 2016). 3618:Cole, Yolande (7 May 2014). 1918: 1862:(1928–1997), founder of the 940:Addiction and mental illness 921:Dancing on the Edge Festival 764:in 2003, and treatment with 389: 7: 7563:Neighbourhoods in Vancouver 7263:Sex Professionals of Canada 6705:Vancouver Police Department 6674:Vancouver Police Department 5829:Vancouver Police Department 5325:Kane, Laura (26 May 2013). 5011:(Report). City of Vancouver 4277:(Report). City of Vancouver 2015:WISH Drop-In Centre Society 1705:Gentrification of Vancouver 1604:Karen Ward, DTES resident, 1123: 954:Vancouver Police Department 824:fewer immigrants, and more 199: • Estimate 10: 7614: 7253:Servants Anonymous Society 7129:University Endowment Lands 6604:City of Vancouver (2013). 6574: 5266:Lee, Jeff (21 July 2015). 2887:. Toronto. 27 October 2004 2432:. 6 April 1962. p. 1. 2155:Heart of the City Festival 1702: 1676:Gentrification controversy 1593:, former Vancouver mayor, 1559:. An investigation by the 1343:B.C. Medical Association, 1312: 1308: 1260: 1127: 1035:regularly, and 51% smoked 856: 502: 328:. By 1997, an epidemic of 202:6,000 – 8,000 for the DTES 7524: 7491: 7361: 7280: 7228: 7187: 7137: 7106: 7065: 7004: 6995: 6970: 6909: 6902: 6811: 6790: 6783: 6352:10.1186/s13011-015-0046-x 5096:. Toronto. 5 January 2016 1823:Co-ordination of services 1315:Homelessness in Vancouver 1204:Crime and public disorder 1090:City Council of Vancouver 1012:(also usually injected). 633:Carnegie Community Centre 431:Carnegie Community Centre 419:central business district 250: 240: 223: 206: 198: 190: 185: 172: 159: 154: 146: 138: 130: 95: 64: 56: 40: 33: 26: 7268:Stella, l’amie de Maimie 7022:Kensington–Cedar Cottage 6618:"Downtown Eastside Plan" 4815:Canada's Historic Places 4478:10.1177/1363460716676990 4175:(Report). Archived from 3794:Vancouver Coastal Health 3273:Vancouver Coastal Health 1443: 1289:adjustment for inflation 1226:transgenerational trauma 1165:transgenerational trauma 950:Vancouver Coastal Health 948:and addiction. In 2007, 623: 561:Canadian Pacific Railway 354:co-occurs with addiction 7384:The Diary of Evelyn Lau 1668:DTES act as a de facto 1006:crystal methamphetamine 970:crystal methamphetamine 917:City Opera of Vancouver 671:de-institutionalization 7578:Homelessness in Canada 7468:Some Even Fall in Love 7205:Prostitution Reference 7181:Prostitution in Canada 6654:Douglas, Stan (2002). 6530:Cite journal requires 6479:(Report). pp. 2–5 6474:CCRN EVALUATION REPORT 6256:City of Vancouver 2014 5825:"Project Sister Watch" 5115:City of Vancouver 2014 4992:City of Vancouver 2013 4865:City of Vancouver 2013 4848:City of Vancouver 2013 4836:City of Vancouver 2013 4388:City of Vancouver 2013 4213:Vancouver City Council 4202:Stewart, Mayor Kennedy 3995:City of Vancouver 2013 3550:City of Vancouver 2014 3510:City of Vancouver 2013 3495:Cran & Jerome 2008 3483:Cran & Jerome 2008 3471:Cran & Jerome 2008 3444:City of Vancouver 2014 3391:Cran & Jerome 2008 3133:City of Vancouver 2013 3121:City of Vancouver 2013 2414:City of Vancouver 2014 2367:City of Vancouver 2014 2305:City of Vancouver 2013 2293:City of Vancouver 2014 2281:City of Vancouver 2014 1762: 1701: 1689: 1622: 1607: 1596: 1508: 1453: 1369: 1346: 1271: 1213: 1147: 1130:Prostitution in Canada 1116: 1109: 909:Powell Street Festival 866: 817: 725: 718: 700: 652: 636: 520: 512: 411: 399: 369:encounters with police 115:49.28139°N 123.09972°W 7583:Urban decay in Canada 7511:Hochelaga-Maisonneuve 7482:Tu as crié: Let me go 7248:Ratanak International 7198:Canada (AG) v Bedford 6863:International Village 4713:"Safety in Vancouver" 1760: 1690: 1679: 1608: 1597: 1583: 1497: 1486:Costs per individual: 1451: 1393:Health and well-being 1367: 1335: 1268: 1211: 1133: 1114: 1098: 864: 815: 766:anti-retroviral drugs 723: 702: 699: 638: 631: 618:single room occupancy 518: 510: 405: 397: 225: • Summer ( 7598:Culture of Vancouver 7558:History of Vancouver 6423:The Georgia Straight 5931:on 25 September 2020 5892:The Georgia Straight 5626:10.1503/cmaj.1031928 5356:Mercier, Stephanie. 5065:The Georgia Straight 4551:www.citynews1130.com 4455:Lyons, Tara (2017). 4204:(14 December 2018). 4142:The Georgia Straight 3625:The Georgia Straight 3369:The Georgia Straight 2738:The Georgia Straight 2260:The Georgia Straight 1730:concentrated poverty 1722:mixed-income housing 1461:DTES-specific costs: 1249:in the 1980s or the 1160:Indigenous Canadians 1152:survival sex workers 925:Firehall Arts Centre 826:Indigenous Canadians 606:interurban rail line 537:Great Vancouver Fire 449:The Georgia Straight 361:Indigenous Canadians 314:community resilience 120:49.28139; -123.09972 7258:Pivot Legal Society 7057:Victoria–Fraserview 7037:Renfrew–Collingwood 6734:Through a Blue Lens 6729:– City of Vancouver 6676:(4 February 2009). 5857:(24 October 2009). 4618:open.library.ubc.ca 3552:, pp. 143–147. 2149:Walling, Savannah. 1881:Portrayals in media 1839:In 2020 during the 1805:addiction treatment 1789:, enforcement, and 1553:Pivot Legal Society 1169:residential schools 962:St. Paul's Hospital 774:Woodward's Building 111: / 7012:Grandview–Woodland 6844:Financial District 6784:Downtown peninsula 6778:, British Columbia 6556:The Globe and Mail 6394:The Globe and Mail 6278:The Globe and Mail 6178:The Globe and Mail 6149:The Globe and Mail 6067:. 26 December 2012 6065:The Canadian Press 6007:The Globe and Mail 5759:The Canadian Press 5754:The Globe and Mail 5722:The Globe and Mail 5546:The Globe and Mail 5413:BC Medical Journal 5244:on 12 October 2016 4787:has generic name ( 4650:The Canadian Press 4626:10.14288/1.0378104 4055:The Globe and Mail 3860:The Globe and Mail 3824:The Globe and Mail 3740:The New York Times 3275:. 24 February 2015 3157:The Globe and Mail 3100:The Globe and Mail 3033:The Globe and Mail 2770:The New York Times 2347:Heritage Vancouver 2182:The Globe and Mail 2115:The Globe and Mail 1763: 1753:Housing strategies 1720:The city promotes 1454: 1430:residential school 1370: 1355:supportive housing 1272: 1238:The New York Times 1214: 1117: 888:; improvements to 871:sense of community 867: 844:Migration patterns 833:The Globe and Mail 818: 779:The Globe and Mail 726: 712:The New York Times 701: 675:Riverview Hospital 637: 521: 513: 412: 400: 191: • Total 7568:Poverty in Canada 7553:Downtown Eastside 7540: 7539: 7506:Downtown Eastside 7308:Anna-Louise Crago 7276: 7275: 7147: 7146: 7102: 7101: 7073:Champlain Heights 6991: 6990: 6922:Dunbar–Southlands 6898: 6897: 6834:Downtown Eastside 6665:978-1-55152-135-0 6646:978-1-55152-238-8 6596:978-1-55365-298-4 6235:Vancouver Courier 6027:The Vancouver Sun 5803:Vancouver Courier 5691:Vancouver Courier 5620:(10): 1551–1556. 5498:Wilson-Bates 2008 4736:, pp. 22–24. 4652:. 27 January 2011 4579:Vancouver Courier 4120:Wilson-Bates 2008 4105:Wilson-Bates 2008 3841:Wilson-Bates 2008 3773:Wilson-Bates 2008 3761:Wilson-Bates 2008 3512:, pp. 47–48. 3231:, pp. 28–29. 3202:(12): 1413–1422. 2805:, pp. 26–27. 2493:The National Post 2328:978-1-55110-255-9 2283:, pp. 55–56. 1847:Notable activists 1841:COVID-19 pandemic 1557:police misconduct 1542:human trafficking 1284:social assistance 1062:Mental Health Act 1018:isopropyl alcohol 489:greater DTES area 270:Downtown Eastside 266: 265: 84:Downtown Eastside 28:Downtown Eastside 7605: 7398:Invisible Chains 7233: 7232: 7174: 7167: 7160: 7151: 7150: 7119:Granville Island 7078:Commercial Drive 7017:Hastings–Sunrise 7002: 7001: 6907: 6906: 6788: 6787: 6765: 6758: 6751: 6742: 6741: 6715: 6713: 6711: 6702: 6692: 6690: 6688: 6682: 6669: 6650: 6631: 6629: 6627: 6622: 6612: 6610: 6600: 6568: 6567: 6565: 6563: 6546: 6540: 6539: 6533: 6528: 6526: 6518: 6516: 6514: 6508:10.25316/IR-4290 6495: 6489: 6488: 6486: 6484: 6478: 6469: 6463: 6457: 6451: 6445: 6436: 6435: 6433: 6431: 6413: 6407: 6406: 6404: 6402: 6384: 6375: 6374: 6364: 6354: 6330: 6324: 6323: 6321: 6319: 6310:. 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Archived from 5821: 5815: 5814: 5812: 5810: 5793: 5787: 5786: 5776: 5770: 5769: 5767: 5765: 5744: 5735: 5734: 5732: 5730: 5712: 5703: 5702: 5700: 5698: 5681: 5675: 5674: 5662: 5656: 5655: 5645: 5603: 5597: 5596: 5582: 5576: 5575: 5573: 5565: 5559: 5558: 5556: 5554: 5536: 5527: 5526: 5524: 5522: 5507: 5501: 5495: 5489: 5483: 5474: 5473: 5467: 5459: 5441: 5430: 5429: 5427: 5425: 5403: 5388: 5382: 5376: 5375: 5373: 5371: 5353: 5344: 5343: 5341: 5339: 5322: 5313: 5312: 5310: 5308: 5291: 5285: 5284: 5282: 5280: 5263: 5254: 5253: 5251: 5249: 5243: 5236: 5224: 5218: 5217: 5215: 5213: 5207: 5199: 5190: 5189: 5187: 5185: 5179: 5171: 5162: 5161: 5159: 5157: 5151: 5143: 5137: 5131: 5118: 5112: 5106: 5105: 5103: 5101: 5084: 5078: 5077: 5075: 5073: 5055: 5049: 5048: 5046: 5044: 5027: 5021: 5020: 5018: 5016: 5010: 5004:Thompson, Matt. 5001: 4995: 4989: 4983: 4982: 4980: 4978: 4961: 4955: 4949: 4943: 4942:, p. 21-26. 4937: 4931: 4930: 4928: 4926: 4908: 4899: 4898: 4896: 4894: 4877: 4868: 4862: 4851: 4845: 4839: 4833: 4827: 4826: 4824: 4822: 4806: 4800: 4799: 4792: 4786: 4782: 4780: 4772: 4770: 4768: 4762: 4756:. Archived from 4755: 4746: 4737: 4731: 4725: 4724: 4722: 4720: 4709: 4703: 4697: 4691: 4690: 4688: 4686: 4680: 4671: 4662: 4661: 4659: 4657: 4636: 4630: 4629: 4609: 4603: 4597: 4591: 4590: 4588: 4586: 4569: 4563: 4562: 4560: 4558: 4542: 4536: 4535: 4533: 4531: 4522: 4513: 4507: 4506: 4504: 4502: 4489: 4461: 4452: 4446: 4445: 4443: 4441: 4426: 4420: 4419: 4417: 4415: 4397: 4391: 4385: 4374: 4373: 4371: 4369: 4351: 4345: 4339: 4328: 4327: 4325: 4323: 4305: 4299: 4293: 4287: 4286: 4284: 4282: 4276: 4267: 4261: 4260: 4258: 4256: 4250: 4244:. Archived from 4239: 4230: 4224: 4223: 4221: 4219: 4210: 4198: 4192: 4191: 4189: 4187: 4181: 4170: 4161: 4155: 4154: 4152: 4150: 4132: 4123: 4117: 4108: 4102: 4096: 4095: 4093: 4091: 4074: 4068: 4067: 4065: 4063: 4045: 4036: 4035: 4033: 4031: 4021: 4013: 3998: 3992: 3983: 3982: 3980: 3978: 3972: 3963: 3950: 3949: 3935: 3929: 3928: 3926: 3924: 3907: 3901: 3900: 3898: 3896: 3879: 3873: 3872: 3870: 3868: 3850: 3844: 3838: 3829: 3828: 3814: 3805: 3804: 3802: 3800: 3791: 3782: 3776: 3770: 3764: 3758: 3752: 3751: 3749: 3747: 3736: 3728: 3722: 3721: 3719: 3717: 3700: 3694: 3693: 3691: 3689: 3671: 3665: 3664: 3662: 3660: 3643: 3637: 3636: 3634: 3632: 3615: 3609: 3608: 3606: 3604: 3587: 3581: 3580: 3578: 3576: 3559: 3553: 3547: 3541: 3540: 3538: 3536: 3519: 3513: 3507: 3498: 3492: 3486: 3480: 3474: 3468: 3462: 3456: 3447: 3441: 3435: 3434: 3432: 3430: 3425:on 29 April 2016 3424: 3417: 3409: 3394: 3388: 3382: 3381: 3379: 3377: 3359: 3350: 3349: 3347: 3345: 3327: 3316: 3315: 3313: 3311: 3294: 3285: 3284: 3282: 3280: 3270: 3262: 3251: 3245: 3232: 3226: 3220: 3219: 3185: 3170: 3169: 3167: 3165: 3147: 3136: 3130: 3124: 3118: 3112: 3111: 3109: 3107: 3090: 3084: 3083: 3081: 3079: 3061: 3046: 3045: 3043: 3041: 3023: 3014: 3013: 3011: 3009: 2992: 2983: 2982: 2980: 2978: 2968: 2960: 2943: 2942: 2940: 2938: 2920: 2909: 2903: 2897: 2896: 2894: 2892: 2875: 2869: 2868: 2866: 2864: 2846: 2835: 2834: 2832: 2830: 2812: 2806: 2800: 2794: 2788: 2782: 2781: 2779: 2777: 2760: 2751: 2750: 2748: 2746: 2728: 2722: 2721: 2719: 2717: 2700: 2694: 2693: 2691: 2689: 2675: 2669: 2668: 2658: 2649: 2643: 2637: 2631: 2625: 2610: 2604: 2598: 2592: 2583: 2582: 2580: 2578: 2560: 2554: 2548: 2525: 2519: 2506: 2505: 2503: 2501: 2483: 2477: 2476: 2474: 2472: 2455: 2449: 2443: 2434: 2433: 2423: 2417: 2411: 2402: 2401: 2399: 2397: 2379: 2370: 2364: 2358: 2357: 2355: 2353: 2339: 2333: 2332: 2314: 2308: 2302: 2296: 2290: 2284: 2278: 2272: 2271: 2269: 2267: 2250: 2241: 2240: 2220: 2211: 2210: 2200: 2194: 2193: 2191: 2189: 2172: 2166: 2165: 2163: 2161: 2146: 2140: 2134: 2128: 2127: 2125: 2123: 2105: 2099: 2098: 2096: 2094: 2089:on 23 April 2016 2085:. Archived from 2072: 2047: 2046: 2032: 2026: 2025: 2023: 2021: 2007: 2001: 2000: 1998: 1989: 1983: 1982: 1980: 1978: 1956: 1950: 1944: 1728:associated with 1699: 1687: 1620: 1605: 1594: 1527:racial profiling 1506: 1426:social isolation 1344: 1296:informal economy 1145: 1107: 1066:Gregor Robertson 913:Oppenheimer Park 890:Oppenheimer Park 716: 692:1990s to present 650: 571:, respectively. 557:Carnegie Library 462:Oppenheimer Park 342:opioid overdoses 286:British Columbia 230: 142:British Columbia 126: 125: 123: 122: 121: 116: 112: 109: 108: 107: 104: 80: 79: 73: 57:Nicknames: 45: 24: 23: 7613: 7612: 7608: 7607: 7606: 7604: 7603: 7602: 7573:Drugs in Canada 7543: 7542: 7541: 7536: 7520: 7487: 7357: 7348:Bridget Perrier 7272: 7236:Interest groups 7224: 7183: 7178: 7148: 7143: 7133: 7107:Other locations 7098: 7061: 6987: 6983:South Granville 6966: 6962:West Point Grey 6894: 6807: 6779: 6769: 6723: 6718: 6709: 6707: 6700: 6686: 6684: 6680: 6666: 6647: 6625: 6623: 6620: 6608: 6597: 6583:Campbell, Larry 6577: 6572: 6571: 6561: 6559: 6547: 6543: 6531: 6529: 6520: 6519: 6512: 6510: 6496: 6492: 6482: 6480: 6476: 6470: 6466: 6462:, pp. 2–3. 6458: 6454: 6446: 6439: 6429: 6427: 6414: 6410: 6400: 6398: 6385: 6378: 6331: 6327: 6317: 6315: 6298: 6294: 6284: 6282: 6269: 6262: 6254: 6250: 6240: 6238: 6226: 6222: 6212: 6210: 6198: 6194: 6184: 6182: 6169: 6165: 6155: 6153: 6140: 6136: 6126: 6124: 6112: 6105: 6095: 6093: 6089: 6085: 6084: 6080: 6070: 6068: 6053: 6052: 6041: 6031: 6029: 6019: 6015: 6002: 5998: 5982: 5976: 5972: 5962: 5960: 5956: 5948: 5944: 5934: 5932: 5915: 5908: 5898: 5896: 5883: 5879: 5869: 5867: 5852: 5848: 5838: 5836: 5835:on 16 June 2016 5823: 5822: 5818: 5808: 5806: 5794: 5790: 5778: 5777: 5773: 5763: 5761: 5745: 5738: 5728: 5726: 5713: 5706: 5696: 5694: 5682: 5678: 5663: 5659: 5604: 5600: 5583: 5579: 5571: 5567: 5566: 5562: 5552: 5550: 5537: 5530: 5520: 5518: 5508: 5504: 5496: 5492: 5484: 5477: 5461: 5460: 5442: 5433: 5423: 5421: 5404: 5391: 5383: 5379: 5369: 5367: 5354: 5347: 5337: 5335: 5323: 5316: 5306: 5304: 5292: 5288: 5278: 5276: 5264: 5257: 5247: 5245: 5241: 5234: 5225: 5221: 5211: 5209: 5205: 5201: 5200: 5193: 5183: 5181: 5177: 5173: 5172: 5165: 5155: 5153: 5149: 5145: 5144: 5140: 5132: 5121: 5113: 5109: 5099: 5097: 5086: 5085: 5081: 5071: 5069: 5056: 5052: 5042: 5040: 5028: 5024: 5014: 5012: 5008: 5002: 4998: 4990: 4986: 4976: 4974: 4962: 4958: 4950: 4946: 4938: 4934: 4924: 4922: 4909: 4902: 4892: 4890: 4878: 4871: 4863: 4854: 4846: 4842: 4834: 4830: 4820: 4818: 4810:"Hotel Empress" 4808: 4807: 4803: 4793: 4784: 4783: 4774: 4773: 4766: 4764: 4760: 4753: 4747: 4740: 4732: 4728: 4718: 4716: 4715:. Lonely Planet 4711: 4710: 4706: 4698: 4694: 4684: 4682: 4678: 4672: 4665: 4655: 4653: 4638: 4637: 4633: 4610: 4606: 4598: 4594: 4584: 4582: 4570: 4566: 4556: 4554: 4544: 4543: 4539: 4529: 4527: 4520: 4514: 4510: 4500: 4498: 4459: 4453: 4449: 4439: 4437: 4428: 4427: 4423: 4413: 4411: 4398: 4394: 4386: 4377: 4367: 4365: 4352: 4348: 4340: 4331: 4321: 4319: 4306: 4302: 4294: 4290: 4280: 4278: 4274: 4268: 4264: 4254: 4252: 4251:on 12 July 2020 4248: 4237: 4231: 4227: 4217: 4215: 4208: 4199: 4195: 4185: 4183: 4182:on 12 July 2020 4179: 4168: 4162: 4158: 4148: 4146: 4133: 4126: 4118: 4111: 4103: 4099: 4089: 4087: 4075: 4071: 4061: 4059: 4046: 4039: 4029: 4027: 4019: 4015: 4014: 4001: 3993: 3986: 3976: 3974: 3970: 3964: 3953: 3936: 3932: 3922: 3920: 3908: 3904: 3894: 3892: 3880: 3876: 3866: 3864: 3851: 3847: 3839: 3832: 3815: 3808: 3798: 3796: 3789: 3783: 3779: 3771: 3767: 3759: 3755: 3745: 3743: 3729: 3725: 3715: 3713: 3701: 3697: 3687: 3685: 3672: 3668: 3658: 3656: 3644: 3640: 3630: 3628: 3616: 3612: 3602: 3600: 3588: 3584: 3574: 3572: 3560: 3556: 3548: 3544: 3534: 3532: 3520: 3516: 3508: 3501: 3493: 3489: 3481: 3477: 3469: 3465: 3457: 3450: 3442: 3438: 3428: 3426: 3422: 3415: 3411: 3410: 3397: 3389: 3385: 3375: 3373: 3360: 3353: 3343: 3341: 3328: 3319: 3309: 3307: 3295: 3288: 3278: 3276: 3268: 3264: 3263: 3254: 3246: 3235: 3227: 3223: 3186: 3173: 3163: 3161: 3148: 3139: 3131: 3127: 3119: 3115: 3105: 3103: 3091: 3087: 3077: 3075: 3062: 3049: 3039: 3037: 3028:"The Money Pit" 3024: 3017: 3007: 3005: 2993: 2986: 2976: 2974: 2966: 2962: 2961: 2946: 2936: 2934: 2921: 2912: 2904: 2900: 2890: 2888: 2877: 2876: 2872: 2862: 2860: 2847: 2838: 2828: 2826: 2813: 2809: 2801: 2797: 2789: 2785: 2775: 2773: 2761: 2754: 2744: 2742: 2729: 2725: 2715: 2713: 2701: 2697: 2687: 2685: 2677: 2676: 2672: 2656: 2650: 2646: 2638: 2634: 2626: 2613: 2605: 2601: 2593: 2586: 2576: 2574: 2561: 2557: 2549: 2528: 2524:, Introduction. 2520: 2509: 2499: 2497: 2484: 2480: 2470: 2468: 2456: 2452: 2444: 2437: 2425: 2424: 2420: 2412: 2405: 2395: 2393: 2380: 2373: 2365: 2361: 2351: 2349: 2341: 2340: 2336: 2329: 2315: 2311: 2303: 2299: 2291: 2287: 2279: 2275: 2265: 2263: 2251: 2244: 2237: 2221: 2214: 2201: 2197: 2187: 2185: 2173: 2169: 2159: 2157: 2147: 2143: 2135: 2131: 2121: 2119: 2106: 2102: 2092: 2090: 2073: 2050: 2033: 2029: 2019: 2017: 2009: 2008: 2004: 1996: 1990: 1986: 1976: 1974: 1957: 1953: 1945: 1926: 1921: 1916: 1883: 1849: 1825: 1779: 1755: 1750: 1707: 1700: 1697: 1688: 1685: 1678: 1665:Metro Vancouver 1653: 1621: 1618: 1606: 1603: 1595: 1589: 1582: 1577: 1507: 1504: 1496: 1494:Law enforcement 1466:operating costs 1446: 1395: 1345: 1342: 1334: 1317: 1311: 1280:Metro Vancouver 1263: 1243:Lower East Side 1206: 1177: 1146: 1140: 1132: 1126: 1108: 1106:Kennedy Stewart 1105: 1094:Kennedy Stewart 1074: 1072:Overdose crisis 1053: 982: 942: 937: 875:Hastings Street 859: 846: 810: 758:needle exchange 753:methamphetamine 717: 709: 694: 651: 644: 626: 505: 427:Hastings Street 392: 246: 224: 119: 117: 113: 110: 105: 102: 100: 98: 97: 91: 90: 89: 88: 87: 86: 85: 81: 60: 52: 36: 29: 22: 17: 12: 11: 5: 7611: 7601: 7600: 7595: 7590: 7585: 7580: 7575: 7570: 7565: 7560: 7555: 7538: 7537: 7535: 7534: 7528: 7526: 7522: 7521: 7519: 7518: 7513: 7508: 7503: 7497: 7495: 7493:Neighbourhoods 7489: 7488: 7486: 7485: 7478: 7471: 7464: 7461:She Has a Name 7457: 7450: 7443: 7436: 7429: 7422: 7415: 7408: 7401: 7394: 7387: 7380: 7373: 7365: 7363: 7359: 7358: 7356: 7355: 7350: 7345: 7340: 7335: 7330: 7325: 7323:Raymond Gravel 7320: 7315: 7310: 7305: 7300: 7295: 7293:Nina Arsenault 7290: 7284: 7282: 7278: 7277: 7274: 7273: 7271: 7270: 7265: 7260: 7255: 7250: 7245: 7239: 7237: 7230: 7226: 7225: 7223: 7222: 7215: 7208: 7201: 7193: 7191: 7185: 7184: 7177: 7176: 7169: 7162: 7154: 7145: 7144: 7138: 7135: 7134: 7132: 7131: 7126: 7121: 7116: 7110: 7108: 7104: 7103: 7100: 7099: 7097: 7096: 7091: 7084: 7075: 7069: 7067: 7063: 7062: 7060: 7059: 7054: 7049: 7044: 7039: 7034: 7032:Mount Pleasant 7029: 7024: 7019: 7014: 7008: 7006: 6999: 6993: 6992: 6989: 6988: 6986: 6985: 6980: 6974: 6972: 6968: 6967: 6965: 6964: 6959: 6954: 6949: 6944: 6939: 6934: 6929: 6924: 6919: 6913: 6911: 6904: 6900: 6899: 6896: 6895: 6893: 6892: 6887: 6885:Victory Square 6882: 6877: 6872: 6865: 6860: 6854:Granville Mall 6851: 6846: 6841: 6836: 6831: 6826: 6821: 6815: 6813: 6809: 6808: 6806: 6805: 6800: 6794: 6792: 6785: 6781: 6780: 6772:Neighbourhoods 6768: 6767: 6760: 6753: 6745: 6739: 6738: 6730: 6722: 6721:External links 6719: 6717: 6716: 6693: 6670: 6664: 6651: 6645: 6632: 6613: 6601: 6595: 6578: 6576: 6573: 6570: 6569: 6541: 6532:|journal= 6490: 6464: 6452: 6437: 6408: 6376: 6325: 6292: 6260: 6248: 6220: 6192: 6163: 6134: 6103: 6078: 6039: 6013: 5996: 5970: 5942: 5906: 5877: 5846: 5816: 5788: 5771: 5736: 5704: 5676: 5667:Harcourt, Mike 5665:Cameron, Ken; 5657: 5598: 5577: 5560: 5528: 5502: 5490: 5475: 5431: 5389: 5377: 5345: 5314: 5286: 5255: 5219: 5191: 5163: 5138: 5119: 5107: 5079: 5050: 5022: 4996: 4984: 4956: 4954:, pp. 18. 4944: 4932: 4900: 4869: 4852: 4840: 4828: 4801: 4763:on 28 May 2014 4738: 4726: 4704: 4692: 4663: 4631: 4604: 4592: 4564: 4537: 4508: 4472:(8): 881–903. 4447: 4421: 4392: 4375: 4346: 4329: 4300: 4288: 4262: 4225: 4193: 4156: 4124: 4109: 4097: 4069: 4037: 3999: 3984: 3951: 3930: 3902: 3874: 3845: 3830: 3806: 3777: 3765: 3753: 3723: 3695: 3666: 3638: 3610: 3582: 3554: 3542: 3514: 3499: 3487: 3475: 3463: 3448: 3436: 3395: 3383: 3351: 3317: 3286: 3252: 3233: 3221: 3171: 3137: 3125: 3113: 3085: 3047: 3015: 2984: 2944: 2910: 2898: 2870: 2836: 2807: 2795: 2783: 2752: 2723: 2695: 2670: 2644: 2642:, p. 157. 2632: 2611: 2599: 2584: 2555: 2526: 2507: 2478: 2450: 2435: 2418: 2403: 2371: 2359: 2334: 2327: 2309: 2297: 2285: 2273: 2242: 2235: 2212: 2195: 2167: 2141: 2129: 2100: 2048: 2027: 2002: 1984: 1951: 1923: 1922: 1920: 1917: 1915: 1912: 1882: 1879: 1878: 1877: 1867: 1857: 1848: 1845: 1824: 1821: 1791:harm reduction 1778: 1775: 1754: 1751: 1749: 1746: 1715:social housing 1695: 1683: 1677: 1674: 1652: 1649: 1626:harm reduction 1616: 1601: 1587: 1581: 1578: 1576: 1573: 1549:Robert Pickton 1502: 1495: 1492: 1491: 1490: 1483: 1473: 1445: 1442: 1394: 1391: 1340: 1333: 1330: 1310: 1307: 1262: 1259: 1224:or experience 1205: 1202: 1198:Robert Pickton 1176: 1173: 1138: 1125: 1122: 1103: 1073: 1070: 1052: 1051:Mental illness 1049: 1045:property crime 981: 978: 946:mental illness 941: 938: 936: 935:Current issues 933: 858: 855: 845: 842: 828:(10% vs. 2%). 809: 806: 707: 693: 690: 686:Robert Pickton 647:Larry Campbell 642: 625: 622: 529:Tsleil-Waututh 504: 501: 485:Victory Square 469: 468: 465: 457: 408:Harbour Centre 391: 388: 384:social housing 380:revitalization 376:gentrification 350:rental housing 334:drug overdoses 326:social housing 306:mental illness 264: 263: 254: 248: 247: 244: 242: 238: 237: 231: 221: 220: 210: 204: 203: 200: 196: 195: 192: 188: 187: 183: 182: 177: 170: 169: 164: 157: 156: 152: 151: 148: 144: 143: 140: 136: 135: 132: 128: 127: 93: 92: 83: 82: 75: 74: 68: 67: 66: 65: 62: 61: 59:DTES, Skid Row 58: 54: 53: 51:in summer 2018 49:Harbour Centre 46: 38: 37: 34: 31: 30: 27: 20: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7610: 7599: 7596: 7594: 7591: 7589: 7586: 7584: 7581: 7579: 7576: 7574: 7571: 7569: 7566: 7564: 7561: 7559: 7556: 7554: 7551: 7550: 7548: 7533: 7530: 7529: 7527: 7523: 7517: 7514: 7512: 7509: 7507: 7504: 7502: 7499: 7498: 7496: 7494: 7490: 7484: 7483: 7479: 7477: 7476: 7472: 7470: 7469: 7465: 7463: 7462: 7458: 7456: 7455: 7451: 7449: 7448: 7444: 7442: 7441: 7437: 7435: 7434: 7433:Paying for It 7430: 7428: 7427: 7423: 7421: 7420: 7416: 7414: 7413: 7409: 7407: 7406: 7402: 7400: 7399: 7395: 7393: 7392: 7391:Gods of Youth 7388: 7386: 7385: 7381: 7379: 7378: 7374: 7372: 7371: 7367: 7366: 7364: 7360: 7354: 7351: 7349: 7346: 7344: 7343:Cheryl Perera 7341: 7339: 7336: 7334: 7333:Luka Magnotta 7331: 7329: 7328:Gerald Hannon 7326: 7324: 7321: 7319: 7318:Jessie Foster 7316: 7314: 7313:Natasha Falle 7311: 7309: 7306: 7304: 7303:Trisha Baptie 7301: 7299: 7298:Wendy Babcock 7296: 7294: 7291: 7289: 7286: 7285: 7283: 7279: 7269: 7266: 7264: 7261: 7259: 7256: 7254: 7251: 7249: 7246: 7244: 7241: 7240: 7238: 7234: 7231: 7229:Organizations 7227: 7221: 7220: 7216: 7214: 7213: 7209: 7207: 7206: 7202: 7200: 7199: 7195: 7194: 7192: 7190: 7186: 7182: 7175: 7170: 7168: 7163: 7161: 7156: 7155: 7152: 7141: 7136: 7130: 7127: 7125: 7122: 7120: 7117: 7115: 7112: 7111: 7109: 7105: 7095: 7092: 7090: 7089: 7088:Hogan's Alley 7085: 7083: 7079: 7076: 7074: 7071: 7070: 7068: 7064: 7058: 7055: 7053: 7050: 7048: 7045: 7043: 7040: 7038: 7035: 7033: 7030: 7028: 7025: 7023: 7020: 7018: 7015: 7013: 7010: 7009: 7007: 7003: 7000: 6998: 6994: 6984: 6981: 6979: 6976: 6975: 6973: 6969: 6963: 6960: 6958: 6955: 6953: 6950: 6948: 6945: 6943: 6940: 6938: 6935: 6933: 6930: 6928: 6925: 6923: 6920: 6918: 6917:Arbutus Ridge 6915: 6914: 6912: 6908: 6905: 6901: 6891: 6888: 6886: 6883: 6881: 6878: 6876: 6873: 6871: 6870: 6866: 6864: 6861: 6859: 6855: 6852: 6850: 6847: 6845: 6842: 6840: 6837: 6835: 6832: 6830: 6829:Davie Village 6827: 6825: 6822: 6820: 6817: 6816: 6814: 6810: 6804: 6801: 6799: 6796: 6795: 6793: 6789: 6786: 6782: 6777: 6773: 6766: 6761: 6759: 6754: 6752: 6747: 6746: 6743: 6736: 6735: 6731: 6728: 6725: 6724: 6706: 6699: 6694: 6679: 6675: 6671: 6667: 6661: 6657: 6652: 6648: 6642: 6638: 6633: 6619: 6614: 6607: 6602: 6598: 6592: 6588: 6584: 6580: 6579: 6558: 6557: 6552: 6545: 6537: 6524: 6509: 6505: 6501: 6494: 6475: 6468: 6461: 6456: 6449: 6444: 6442: 6425: 6424: 6419: 6412: 6396: 6395: 6390: 6383: 6381: 6372: 6368: 6363: 6358: 6353: 6348: 6344: 6340: 6336: 6329: 6314:on 4 May 2016 6313: 6309: 6308: 6307:Vancouver Sun 6303: 6296: 6280: 6279: 6274: 6267: 6265: 6258:, p. 97. 6257: 6252: 6237: 6236: 6231: 6224: 6209: 6208: 6207:Vancouver Sun 6203: 6196: 6180: 6179: 6174: 6167: 6151: 6150: 6145: 6138: 6123: 6122: 6121:Vancouver Sun 6117: 6110: 6108: 6088: 6082: 6066: 6062: 6061: 6056: 6050: 6048: 6046: 6044: 6028: 6024: 6017: 6009: 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Retrieved 1964: 1954: 1949:, chapter 1. 1904:Matthew Good 1897: 1886: 1884: 1838: 1830: 1826: 1809: 1801: 1794: 1780: 1771: 1767:Libby Davies 1764: 1742: 1726: 1719: 1711:condominiums 1708: 1691: 1680: 1658: 1654: 1645: 1641: 1637: 1629: 1623: 1609: 1598: 1584: 1569: 1565: 1546: 1535: 1531: 1520: 1509: 1498: 1485: 1480:Saint Paul's 1475: 1460: 1455: 1434: 1419: 1415:endocarditis 1407:tuberculosis 1396: 1387: 1383:jurisdiction 1379: 1375: 1371: 1359: 1347: 1336: 1326: 1322: 1318: 1304: 1300: 1293: 1273: 1236: 1234: 1230: 1219: 1215: 1185:Davie Street 1178: 1175:Displacement 1157: 1148: 1134: 1118: 1099: 1087: 1075: 1061: 1058: 1054: 1041: 1030: 1022: 983: 958: 943: 929:Sam Sullivan 908: 904: 902: 894: 879: 868: 851: 847: 838: 832: 830: 822: 819: 808:Demographics 802:Rich Coleman 786: 784: 777: 771: 746: 738: 734:anchor store 727: 710: 703: 679: 668: 653: 639: 603: 592: 573: 522: 497: 488: 470: 447: 441: 434: 413: 373: 358: 318: 294:homelessness 273: 269: 267: 180:Joan Phillip 18: 7454:Sex Traffic 7447:Sexe de rue 7426:Not My Life 7288:Nelly Arcan 7212:R. v. Gowan 7114:False Creek 6952:Shaughnessy 6839:English Bay 6562:17 November 6513:16 November 6426:. Vancouver 6063:. Toronto. 5993:(6): 15–16. 5895:. Vancouver 5757:. Toronto. 5068:. Vancouver 4921:. Vancouver 4648:. Toronto. 4465:Sexualities 4434:The Volcano 4410:. Vancouver 4145:. Vancouver 3716:16 November 3688:16 November 3659:20 November 3631:16 November 3603:16 November 3575:16 November 3535:16 November 3372:. Vancouver 3164:3 September 3040:3 September 2859:. Vancouver 2745:27 November 2741:. Vancouver 2392:. Vancouver 2188:17 November 2160:16 November 1591:Philip Owen 1516:progressive 1403:hepatitis C 1004:), heroin, 601:community. 574:During the 423:Main Street 241:Postal code 118: / 106:123°05′59″W 7547:Categories 7501:Centre-Sud 7338:Timea Nagy 7066:Unofficial 7047:Strathcona 7042:Riley Park 6971:Unofficial 6932:Kerrisdale 6812:Unofficial 6703:(Report). 6010:. Toronto. 4218:10 October 4211:(Report). 4022:(Report). 3827:. 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