1201:
1757:) are responsible for "approximately 25% of familial cases of idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy and 18% of sporadic cases." The results of the genetic testing can help the doctors and patients understand the underlying cause of the dilated cardiomyopathy. Genetic test results can also help guide decisions on whether a patient's relatives should undergo genetic testing (to see if they have the same genetic mutation) and cardiac testing to screen for early findings of dilated cardiomyopathy.
1677:
1645:
46:
1192:
Troponin T 2 (TNNT2), and
Cardiac Troponin I (TNNI3). They also reviewed recent studies investigating genotype-phenotype associations in DCM patients with titin (TTN) mutations. LMNA and PLN mutation carriers showed a high prevalence of cardiac transplantation and ventricular arrhythmia. Dysrhythmias and sudden cardiac death (SCD) was shown to occur even before the manifestation of DCM and heart failure symptoms in LMNA mutation carriers.
1685:
1909:. The diets associated with DCM were described as "BEG" (boutique, exotic-ingredient, and/or grain-free) dog foods, as well as legume-rich diets. For treating diet-related DCM, food changes, taurine and carnitine supplementation may be indicated even if the dog does not have a documented taurine or carnitine deficiency although the cost of carnitine supplementation may be viewed as prohibitive by some
3302:"2015 ESC Guidelines for the management of patients with ventricular arrhythmias and the prevention of sudden cardiac death: The Task Force for the Management of Patients with Ventricular Arrhythmias and the Prevention of Sudden Cardiac Death of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC)Endorsed by: Association for European Paediatric and Congenital Cardiology (AEPC)"
1812:
primary prevention of sudden cardiac death in patients with a confirmed LMNA mutation responsible for dilated cardiomyopathy disease phenotype and clinical risk factors. A novel risk score calculator has been developed that allows calculation of risk of sustained ventricular arrhythmia in the next 5 years in patients with DCM.
3348:
Kayvanpour E, Sammani A, Sedaghat-Hamedani F, Lehmann DH, Broezel A, Koelemenoglu J, Chmielewski P, Curjol A, Socie P, Miersch T, Haas J, Gi WT, Richard P, Płoski R, Truszkowska G, Baas AF, Foss-Nieradko B, Michalak E, Stępień-Wojno M, Zakrzewska-Koperska J, Śpiewak M, Zieliński T, Villard E, TeRiele
1811:
in those at risk of arrhythmia. These forms of treatment have been shown to prevent sudden cardiac death, improve symptoms, and reduce hospitalization in patients with systolic heart failure. In addition, an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator should be considered as a therapeutic option for the
2139:
Tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy is a reversible cause of heart failure and dilated cardiomyopathy. Tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy should be considered in all patients with a dilated cardiomyopathy of uncertain origin and who have tachycardia or atrial fibrillation with a fast ventricular
1191:
Kayvanpour et al. performed 2016 a meta-analysis with the largest dataset available on genotype-phenotype associations in DCM and mutations in lamin (LMNA), phospholamban (PLN), RNA Binding Motif
Protein 20 (RBM20), Cardiac Myosin Binding Protein C (MYBPC3), Myosin Heavy Chain 7 (MYH7), Cardiac
1208:
The progression of heart failure is associated with left ventricular remodeling, which manifests as gradual increases in left ventricular end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes, wall thinning, and a change in chamber geometry to a more spherical, less elongated shape. This process is usually
1242:
These responses initially compensate for decreased cardiac output and maintain those with DCM as asymptomatic. Eventually, however, these mechanisms become detrimental, intravascular volume becomes too great, and progressive dilatation leads to heart failure symptoms.
1616:. Due to the increase in diameter, the dilated heart appears spherical in shape, as opposed the elliptical shape of a healthy human heart. In addition, the ventricular walls maintain the same thickness, characteristic of pathophysiological cardiac dilation.
1933:. In cats, taurine deficiency is the most common cause of dilated cardiomyopathy. As opposed to these hereditary forms, non-hereditary DCM used to be common in the overall cat population before the addition of taurine to commercial cat food.
1259:. A computation model of volumetric, isotropic, and cardiac wall growth predicts the relationship between cardiac strains (e.g. volume overload after myocardial infarction) and dilation using the following governing equations:
3232:
Baggio E, Gandini R, Plancher AC, Passeri M, Carmosino G (1994). "Italian multicenter study on the safety and efficacy of coenzyme Q10 as adjunctive therapy in heart failure. CoQ10 Drug
Surveillance Investigators".
3810:
3795:
3780:
2600:
2822:
Mahon NG, Murphy RT, MacRae CA, Caforio AL, Elliott PM, McKenna WJ (July 2005). "Echocardiographic evaluation in asymptomatic relatives of patients with dilated cardiomyopathy reveals preclinical disease".
2866:
Kayvanpour E, Sedaghat-Hamedani F, Amr A, Lai A, Haas J, Holzer DB, et al. (February 2017). "Genotype-phenotype associations in dilated cardiomyopathy: meta-analysis on more than 8000 individuals".
1560:
1448:
595:(extrasystole) can develop dilated cardiomyopathy. In these cases, if the extrasystole are reduced or removed (for example, via ablation therapy) the cardiomyopathy usually regresses.
2519:
Yoshikawa T, Baba A, Nagatomo Y. Autoimmune mechanisms underlying dilated cardiomyopathy. Circ J. 2009 Apr;73(4):602-7. doi: 10.1253/circj.cj-08-1151. Epub 2009 Feb 26. PMID 19246813.
1306:
3670:
Pion PD, Kittleson MD, Thomas WP, Skiles ML, Rogers QR (July 1992). "Clinical findings in cats with dilated cardiomyopathy and relationship of findings to taurine deficiency".
1508:
5642:
1953:. The incidence is high enough that several strains of Golden Hamster have been developed to serve as animal models in clinical testing for human forms of the disease.
2636:
5916:
3752:
1477:
1362:
1335:
1610:
1590:
1145:
proteins, while some affect other proteins involved in contraction. The disease is genetically heterogeneous, but the most common form of its transmission is an
2949:
Goektepe S, Abilez OJ, Kuhl E (2010). "Generic approach towards finite growth with examples of athlete's heart, cardiac dilation, and cardiac wall thickening".
3197:
Folkers K, Langsjoen P, Langsjoen PH (January 1992). "Therapy with coenzyme Q10 of patients in heart failure who are eligible or ineligible for a transplant".
5878:
4629:
1173:
1169:
inheritance of the disease is also found. Some relatives of those affected by dilated cardiomyopathy have preclinical, asymptomatic heart-muscle changes.
5962:
3300:
Priori SG, Blomström-Lundqvist C, Mazzanti A, Blom N, Borggrefe M, Camm J, Elliott PM, Fitzsimons D, Hatala R, Hindricks G, Kirchhof P (November 2015).
5278:
1572:
in the chambers. Dilation manifests itself in an increase in total cardiac mass and cardiac diameter. Cardiomyocytes reach their maximum length of 150
1624:
As the ventricles enlarge, both the mitral and tricuspid valves may lose their ability to come together properly. This loss of coaptation may lead to
5475:
1213:. The concept of cardiac remodeling was initially developed to describe changes that occur in the days and months following myocardial infarction.
1126:
2530:
2126:
1850:
Therapies that support reverse remodeling have been investigated, and this may suggests a new approach to the prognosis of cardiomyopathies (see
5411:
5361:
5055:
6087:
6063:
1188:. Nuclear coding variations for mitochondrial complex II have also shown pathogenicity for dilated cardiomyopathy, designated 1GG for SDHA.
1776:
Drug therapy can slow down progression and in some cases even improve the heart condition. Standard therapy may include salt restriction,
5480:
1636:. Furthermore, stroke volume is decreased and a greater volume load is placed on the ventricle, thus increasing heart failure symptoms.
5899:
5867:
4270:
3049:
Childers R, Lupovich S, Sochanski M, Konarzewska H (2000). "Left bundle branch block and right axis deviation: a report of 36 cases".
1905:
who published a report on the development of dilated cardiomyopathy in dog breeds lacking the genetic predisposition, particularly in
1221:
As DCM progresses, two compensatory mechanisms are activated in response to impaired myocyte contractility and reduced stroke volume:
3014:
Nikolic G, Marriott HJ (October 1985). "Left bundle branch block with right axis deviation: a marker of congestive cardiomyopathy".
3960:
477:, or infectious agents. In many cases the cause remains unclear. It may be due to fibrous change of the myocardium from a previous
5955:
5602:
5592:
5584:
3351:
A novel risk model for predicting potentially life-threatening arrhythmias in non-ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM-SVA risk).
1901:
An acquired variation of dilated cardiomyopathy describing a link between certain diets was discovered in 2019 by researchers at
1515:
4687:
4004:
1902:
1808:
376:
205:
5883:
3276:
2463:
2384:
2109:
1369:
6150:
5500:
4491:
4328:
1716:
3749:
3170:
Langsjoen PH, Langsjoen PH, Folkers K (1990). "A six-year clinical study of therapy of cardiomyopathy with coenzyme Q10".
2652:"Radiofrequency ablation of "benign" right ventricular outflow tract extrasystoles: a therapy that has found its disease?"
5675:
5552:
4682:
4496:
4486:
4075:
3825:
5948:
5048:
4793:
4624:
4238:
3503:
1760:
592:
563:
126:
386:
About 1 per 2,500 people is affected. It occurs more frequently in men than women. Onset is most often in middle age.
6008:
5708:
4664:
1842:
Although the disease is more common in
African-Americans than in Caucasians, it may occur in any patient population.
1661:
379:
may be recommended. Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) may be necessary. If other measures are not effective a
6272:
5703:
4659:
1753:
can be important, since one study has shown that gene mutations in the TTN gene (which codes for a protein called
404:
Dilated cardiomyopathy develops insidiously, and may not initially cause symptoms significant enough to impact on
5622:
5512:
4528:
4309:
1862:
In some types of animals, both a hereditary and acquired version of dilated cardiomyopathy has been documented.
1834:
may be considered. For these people, 1-year survival approaches 90% and over 50% survive greater than 20 years.
5930:
5811:
5765:
5597:
5587:
4604:
4599:
4523:
3365:"Black-white differences in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy: the Washington DC dilated Cardiomyopathy Study"
6267:
6146:
5760:
5729:
5680:
5612:
5557:
5527:
5431:
5381:
5351:
5251:
5041:
4950:
4826:
4755:
4587:
4323:
591:
Recent studies have shown that those subjects with an extremely high occurrence (several thousands a day) of
390:
is about 50%. It can also occur in children and is the most common type of cardiomyopathy in this age group.
465:
Although in many cases no cause is apparent, dilated cardiomyopathy is probably the result of damage to the
5401:
5335:
5147:
4945:
4738:
4721:
4654:
4574:
3953:
3926:
1731:(RAD), the rare combination is considered to be highly suggestive of dilated or congestive cardiomyopathy.
1235:
1264:
5221:
5198:
5175:
5137:
5099:
4788:
4233:
1895:
1162:
332:
may play a role, but are not the primary cause. In many cases the cause remains unclear. It is a type of
5940:
6110:
5800:
5781:
5698:
4770:
4258:
4243:
3353:
Int J Cardiol. 2021 Sep15;339:75-82. doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2021.07.002. Epub 2021 Jul 7. PMID 34245791.
3129:
Pennell DJ, Sechtem UP, Higgins CB, Manning WJ, Pohost GM, Rademakers FE, et al. (November 2004).
1816:
1763:(cardiac MRI) may also provide helpful diagnostic information in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy.
1231:
4317:
2601:"[Dilated cardiomyopathy and autoimmunity: an overview of current knowledge and perspectives]"
6242:
6036:
4848:
4545:
4513:
4440:
4167:
520:
6122:
5862:
5857:
5755:
5579:
5330:
4972:
4798:
4728:
4518:
4415:
4396:
4226:
3999:
3836:
3080:
Herman DS, Lam L, Taylor MR, Wang L, Teekakirikul P, Christodoulou D, et al. (February 2012).
1724:
530:
2295:
2199:
1486:
6262:
5894:
5836:
5637:
5441:
5157:
5005:
4979:
4967:
4955:
4940:
4674:
4616:
4420:
4401:
4053:
3993:
3946:
2063:
2001:
1720:
1665:
1629:
454:
442:
387:
325:
245:
182:
95:
1970:
399:
5547:
4594:
4560:
4503:
4481:
4303:
4285:
4088:
4041:
3969:
2377:
Pathophysiology of heart disease : a collaborative project of medical students and faculty
1851:
1225:
537:
427:
177:
148:, certain toxins, complications of pregnancy, in many cases the cause remains unclear, certain
3887:
3789:
2691:
Shiraishi H, Ishibashi K, Urao N, Tsukamoto M, Hyogo M, Keira N, et al. (November 2002).
2099:
6189:
5806:
5294:
5152:
5109:
4358:
4353:
4248:
4163:
4058:
3568:
Kaplan JL, Stern JA, Fascetti AJ, Larsen JA, Skolnik H, Peddle GD, et al. (2018-12-13).
1831:
1166:
519:: Dilated cardiomyopathy occurs late in gestation or several weeks to months postpartum as a
478:
2989:
2836:
2408:
6185:
6075:
6024:
4854:
4382:
4363:
4263:
4174:
4117:
3581:
2958:
2734:"Dilated cardiomyopathy: concepts derived from gene deficient and transgenic animal models"
2034:
1804:
1744:
1728:
1657:
1625:
1455:
1340:
1313:
1184:
A and C. Mitochondrial deletions and mutations presumably cause DCM by altering myocardial
526:
450:
3705:
Nigro V, Okazaki Y, Belsito A, Piluso G, Matsuda Y, Politano L, et al. (April 1997).
3131:"Clinical indications for cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR): Consensus Panel report"
1595:
1575:
8:
6224:
6040:
5268:
4859:
4716:
4711:
4634:
4538:
4508:
4467:
4093:
4010:
3814:
3570:"Taurine deficiency and dilated cardiomyopathy in golden retrievers fed commercial diets"
1712:
1633:
1150:
585:
329:
298:
282:
186:
104:
80:
3585:
2962:
1792:
may also be used for antithrombotic therapy. There is some evidence for the benefits of
1510:
is the cardiomyocyte stretch due to growth. The total cardiomyocyte growth is given by:
1154:
5775:
5451:
5421:
5391:
5371:
5340:
4962:
4760:
4582:
4533:
4158:
4105:
4015:
3652:
3604:
3569:
3438:
3413:
3394:
3106:
3081:
2892:
2848:
2799:
2774:
2628:
2576:
2549:
2277:
1918:
1146:
568:
417:
290:
190:
88:
70:
3819:
3463:"Genomic expression patterns of cardiac tissues from dogs with dilated cardiomyopathy"
3210:
3027:
2616:
2265:
2170:
1200:
6020:
5516:
5203:
5180:
5132:
5114:
5022:
4873:
4831:
4746:
4564:
4462:
4179:
4122:
4020:
3847:
3728:
3687:
3644:
3609:
3550:
3484:
3443:
3386:
3381:
3364:
3331:
3323:
3282:
3272:
3246:
3242:
3214:
3179:
3152:
3111:
3062:
3031:
2884:
2840:
2804:
2755:
2714:
2673:
2620:
2581:
2502:
2459:
2390:
2380:
2344:
2269:
2174:
2157:
Umana E, Solares CA, Alpert MA (January 2003). "Tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy".
2105:
1887:
1736:
1708:
1704:
1649:
1210:
809:
513:. This is the most common infectious cause of dilated cardiomyopathy in Latin America
509:
486:
341:
162:
156:
58:
3656:
3398:
2896:
2852:
2632:
2281:
5971:
5743:
4995:
4887:
4780:
4476:
3718:
3679:
3636:
3599:
3589:
3540:
3474:
3433:
3425:
3376:
3313:
3238:
3206:
3142:
3101:
3093:
3054:
3023:
2966:
2926:
2876:
2832:
2794:
2786:
2745:
2704:
2663:
2612:
2571:
2561:
2492:
2334:
2261:
2166:
1930:
1906:
1697:
1669:
1137:
About 25–35% of affected individuals have familial forms of the disease, with most
624:
380:
302:
209:
108:
3898:
3683:
1917:
Dilated cardiomyopathy is also a disease affecting some cat breeds, including the
408:. Nevertheless, many people experience significant symptoms. These might include:
6134:
5996:
5975:
5627:
5309:
5273:
5246:
5017:
4409:
4390:
4377:
4184:
4063:
3938:
3841:
3756:
3594:
2931:
2914:
2379:(5th ed.). Baltimore, MD: Wolters Kluwer/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
1883:
1820:
1789:
1750:
1740:
1569:
551:
438:
423:
405:
3627:
Sanderson SL (November 2006). "Taurine and carnitine in canine cardiomyopathy".
1870:
Dilated cardiomyopathy is a heritable disease in some dog breeds, including the
6228:
6212:
5824:
5321:
5142:
5010:
4918:
4816:
4808:
4706:
4216:
4209:
4196:
3904:
3901:
3640:
2970:
2668:
2651:
1942:
1732:
1185:
504:
494:
446:
372:
349:
333:
313:
233:
194:
170:
141:
3915:
3852:
3804:
3545:
3528:
3479:
3462:
3318:
3301:
3147:
3130:
2880:
2252:
Weintraub RG, Semsarian C, Macdonald P (July 2017). "Dilated cardiomyopathy".
1941:
There is also a high incidence of heritable dilated cardiomyopathy in captive
6256:
5543:
5073:
5000:
4911:
4046:
3327:
3286:
2394:
1926:
1922:
1891:
1777:
1648:
Serial 12-lead ECGs from a 49-year-old black man with cardiomyopathy. (TOP):
1480:
881:
368:
356:
294:
221:
100:
3350:
3058:
2497:
2480:
1676:
5064:
4932:
4906:
4750:
4698:
4371:
4347:
4294:
4153:
3648:
3613:
3554:
3488:
3447:
3414:"Reverse Cardiac Remodeling: A Marker of Better Prognosis in Heart Failure"
3335:
3156:
3115:
3066:
2888:
2844:
2808:
2775:"Many roads lead to a broken heart: the genetics of dilated cardiomyopathy"
2759:
2718:
2677:
2624:
2585:
2566:
2348:
2273:
2178:
1793:
1785:
1735:
shows left ventricular dilatation with normal or thinned walls and reduced
1142:
989:
573:
434:
360:
270:
225:
3732:
3723:
3706:
3691:
3390:
3250:
3218:
3183:
3097:
3035:
2709:
2692:
2506:
2339:
2322:
1723:, and sometimes intraventricular conduction defects and low voltage. When
1644:
45:
5970:
5890:
5853:
5819:
5658:
5573:
5469:
5317:
5263:
5190:
5082:
4867:
4765:
4555:
4472:
4454:
4280:
4253:
4204:
4145:
3910:
3882:
3429:
2750:
2733:
1871:
1830:
In patients with advanced disease who are refractory to medical therapy,
1693:
845:
557:
541:
490:
482:
371:
may also be helpful. In those with certain types of irregular heartbeat,
345:
278:
166:
76:
3412:
Reis Filho JR, Cardoso JN, Cardoso CM, Pereira-Barretto AC (June 2015).
3411:
3349:
ASJM, Katus HA, Frey N, Bilińska ZT, Charron P, Asselbergs FW, Meder B.
5906:
5523:
5447:
5437:
5427:
5417:
5407:
5397:
5347:
5033:
4895:
4445:
1950:
1879:
1565:
1256:
1112:
579:
466:
337:
321:
286:
216:
149:
84:
63:
3772:
355:
In those with heart failure, treatment may include medications in the
5831:
5724:
5387:
5377:
5367:
5357:
5325:
5313:
5241:
3893:
3858:
3299:
2693:"A case of cardiomyopathy induced by premature ventricular complexes"
1875:
1668:. (BOTTOM): Same patient about 5 months later status-post orthotopic
1613:
1252:
516:
474:
240:
3048:
1807:
may be used in patients with intraventricular conduction delay, and
1700:
may also be noticed, which is due to pulmonary venous hypertension.
1204:
Illustration of a Normal Heart vs. Heart with
Dilated Cardiomyopathy
5751:
5167:
4821:
3978:
3921:
2790:
1781:
1158:
1138:
1094:
364:
309:
229:
137:
3529:"Diet-associated dilated cardiomyopathy in dogs: what do we know?"
2548:
Agarwal R, Malhotra P, Awasthi A, Kakkar N, Gupta D (April 2005).
5874:
5791:
5771:
5667:
5258:
3863:
3527:
Freeman LM, Stern JA, Fries R, Adin DB, Rush JE (December 2018).
2865:
2550:"Tuberculous dilated cardiomyopathy: an under-recognized entity?"
1004:
412:
317:
145:
3830:
2481:"Viral infection and the pathogenesis of dilated cardiomyopathy"
1107:
1089:
1071:
1053:
1035:
1017:
984:
894:
876:
858:
840:
822:
804:
789:
774:
759:
741:
726:
708:
690:
672:
652:
634:
6082:
6031:
5690:
5496:
5124:
4901:
4881:
4036:
3799:
3784:
3504:"Dogs Fed Some Popular Diets Could Be at Risk of Heart Disease"
2690:
1684:
1181:
1177:
779:
545:
3629:
The
Veterinary Clinics of North America. Small Animal Practice
2598:
1890:. Treatment is based on medication, including ACE inhibitors,
1568:, especially the ventricular myocardium, to support the blood
536:
Non-alcoholic toxic insults include administration of certain
6219:
6207:
6180:
6157:
6141:
6129:
6117:
6105:
6070:
6058:
6015:
6003:
5991:
5465:
5461:
5457:
5213:
5091:
1903:
University of
California, Davis School of Veterinary Medicine
1754:
1076:
1058:
1040:
971:
956:
911:
863:
827:
746:
713:
695:
658:
493:
possibly mediated through an immunologic mechanism. Specific
470:
274:
3231:
3128:
2547:
1813:
1255:, irreversible process resulting from excess strains on the
5911:
5643:
Hydrops-ectopic calcification-moth-eaten skeletal dysplasia
2599:
San MartĂn MA, GarcĂa A, RodrĂguez FJ, Terol I (May 2002).
2251:
1653:
1022:
941:
926:
677:
639:
619:
614:
3707:"Identification of the Syrian hamster cardiomyopathy gene"
1555:{\displaystyle \lambda =\lambda ^{e}\cdot F\lambda ^{g}\,}
320:, certain toxins, complications of pregnancy, and certain
5917:
Microcephalic osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism type II
3704:
3669:
3567:
3196:
3169:
2984:
2982:
2980:
1692:
Generalized enlargement of the heart is seen upon normal
2915:"Reverse remodeling in heart failure – fact or fiction?"
2821:
2453:
2320:
1747:
are often performed to exclude ischemic heart disease.
1632:. As a result, those with DCM are at increased risk of
1443:{\displaystyle F^{g}=\mathbb {I} +f_{0}\otimes f_{0}\,}
1364:
is irreversible, isotropic volume growth described by:
277:
effectively. Symptoms vary from none to feeling tired,
3672:
Journal of the
American Veterinary Medical Association
3533:
Journal of the
American Veterinary Medical Association
3362:
2977:
5879:
Epidermolysis bullosa simplex with muscular dystrophy
3526:
3082:"Truncations of titin causing dilated cardiomyopathy"
1598:
1578:
1518:
1489:
1458:
1372:
1343:
1316:
1267:
3762:
3266:
2002:"What Are the Signs and Symptoms of Cardiomyopathy?"
1172:
Other cytoskeletal proteins involved in DCM include
433:
A person who has dilated cardiomyopathy may have an
3199:
3079:
2531:"Dilated Cardiomyopathy - Cardiovascular Disorders"
5279:Terminal osseous dysplasia with pigmentary defects
3968:
3363:Coughlin SS, Labenberg JR, Tefft MC (March 1993).
2948:
2772:
2156:
2101:Ferri's Clinical Advisor 2018 E-Book: 5 Books in 1
1604:
1584:
1564:The above model reveals a gradual dilation of the
1554:
1502:
1471:
1442:
1356:
1329:
1300:
16:Condition involving an enlarged, ineffective heart
2454:Mitchell RS, Kumar V, Abbas AK, Fausto N (2007).
2296:"Who Is at Risk for Cardiomyopathy? - NHLBI, NIH"
2124:
1337:is elastic volume stretch that is reversible and
606:Genetic associations with dilated cardiomyopathy
481:. Or, it may be the late sequelae of acute viral
336:, a group of diseases that primarily affects the
6254:
3271:(56 ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill Education.
3267:Papadakis MA, McPhee SJ, Rabow MW (2016-09-01).
2944:
2942:
2321:Watkins H, Ashrafian H, Redwood C (April 2011).
53:Mouse heart slice showing dilated cardiomyopathy
6088:Progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis 2
6064:Progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis 3
3013:
5412:Meesmann juvenile epithelial corneal dystrophy
5362:Meesmann juvenile epithelial corneal dystrophy
3269:Current medical diagnosis & treatment 2017
2478:
2449:
1949:), due in no small part to their being highly
1230:Neurohormonal feedback, via activation of the
5956:
5049:
3954:
2939:
2908:
2906:
2656:Journal of the American College of Cardiology
2447:
2445:
2443:
2441:
2439:
2437:
2435:
2433:
2431:
2429:
2247:
2245:
2243:
2241:
2058:
2056:
2029:
2027:
2025:
2023:
5900:Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia 9
5868:Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia 8
3460:
2479:Martino TA, Liu P, Sole MJ (February 1994).
2239:
2237:
2235:
2233:
2231:
2229:
2227:
2225:
2223:
2221:
1996:
1994:
1992:
5481:Reticular pigmented anomaly of the flexures
2194:
2192:
2190:
2188:
2152:
2150:
2148:
208:, cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT),
5963:
5949:
5056:
5042:
4271:Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia
3961:
3947:
2903:
2426:
2053:
2020:
44:
3722:
3626:
3603:
3593:
3544:
3478:
3437:
3380:
3317:
3172:International Journal of Tissue Reactions
3146:
3105:
2930:
2798:
2773:Schönberger J, Seidman CE (August 2001).
2749:
2708:
2667:
2649:
2575:
2565:
2496:
2374:
2338:
2218:
2104:. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 244.
2093:
2091:
2089:
2087:
2085:
1989:
1551:
1439:
1387:
1297:
5476:Naegeli–Franceschetti–Jadassohn syndrome
5063:
2458:(8th ed.). Philadelphia: Saunders.
2185:
2145:
1683:
1675:
1643:
1209:associated with a continuous decline in
1199:
3501:
3467:American Journal of Veterinary Research
2837:10.7326/0003-4819-143-2-200507190-00009
2125:PĂ©rez-Silva A, Merino JL (March 2009).
1809:implantable cardioverter-defibrillators
1799:
1660:(here about 108°). Frequent multifocal
1612:m in the epicardium by the addition of
1246:
1216:
400:Heart failure § Signs and symptoms
340:. The diagnosis may be supported by an
6255:
4005:Spontaneous coronary artery dissection
2912:
2118:
2082:
1845:
377:implantable cardioverter defibrillator
206:implantable cardioverter defibrillator
5944:
5884:Epidermolysis bullosa simplex of Ogna
5153:DFN A3, 4, 11, 17, 22; B2, 30, 37, 48
5037:
3942:
3262:
3260:
2528:
2370:
2368:
2366:
2364:
2362:
2360:
2358:
2097:
1825:
1251:Cardiac dilatation is a transversely
393:
5501:Desmin-related myofibrillar myopathy
5138:Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy 1, 8, 10
4329:Nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis
2994:The Lecturio Medical Concept Library
2731:
2522:
2413:The Lecturio Medical Concept Library
2127:"Tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy"
1301:{\displaystyle F=F^{e}\cdot F^{g}\,}
523:. It is reversible in half of cases.
6009:Surfactant metabolism dysfunction 3
5593:Emery–Dreifuss muscular dystrophy 2
3418:Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia
3086:The New England Journal of Medicine
2327:The New England Journal of Medicine
1619:
13:
5858:Striate palmoplantar keratoderma 2
5553:Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease 1F, 2E
5331:Striate palmoplantar keratoderma 3
4625:Accelerated idioventricular rhythm
3257:
2779:American Journal of Human Genetics
2355:
1771:
1761:Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging
1479:is a vector, which points along a
1195:
593:premature ventricular contractions
564:Tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy
14:
6284:
5709:Asphyxiating thoracic dysplasia 3
5598:Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy 1B
3743:
3461:Oyama MA, Chittur S (July 2005).
5704:Short rib-polydactyly syndrome 3
5681:Hereditary spastic paraplegia 10
5176:Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy 7, 2
3382:10.1097/00001648-199303000-00013
2159:The American Journal of Medicine
2131:e-Journal of Cardiology Practice
1971:"Other Names for Cardiomyopathy"
1936:
204:Lifestyle changes, medications,
5603:Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease 2B1
4310:Subacute bacterial endocarditis
3916:Dilated Cardiomyopathy Overview
3698:
3663:
3620:
3561:
3520:
3495:
3454:
3405:
3356:
3342:
3293:
3225:
3190:
3163:
3122:
3073:
3042:
3007:
2951:Mechanics and Physics of Solids
2869:Clinical Research in Cardiology
2859:
2815:
2766:
2725:
2684:
2643:
2605:Revista Espanola de Cardiologia
2592:
2541:
2513:
2472:
2401:
2314:
2288:
1837:
1664:(both singly and in pairs) and
5812:Familial adenomatous polyposis
5766:Hereditary elliptocytosis 2, 3
5676:Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease 2A
5588:Familial partial lipodystrophy
5100:Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy 11
1963:
1413:
1394:
560:and connective tissue diseases
556:Inflammatory diseases such as
497:are detectable in some cases.
426:, but only in the presence of
269:) is a condition in which the
1:
5761:Hereditary spherocytosis 2, 3
5730:Cavernous venous malformation
5558:Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
5528:Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
5432:Epidermolysis bullosa simplex
5382:Epidermolysis bullosa simplex
5352:Ichthyosis bullosa of Siemens
5222:Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy 9
5199:Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy 3
4827:Pulseless electrical activity
4756:Multifocal atrial tachycardia
4630:Catecholaminergic polymorphic
3684:10.2460/javma.1992.201.02.267
3502:Quinton A (28 January 2019).
3237:. 15 Suppl (Suppl): s287-94.
3235:Molecular Aspects of Medicine
3211:10.1016/S0006-291X(05)80137-8
3028:10.1016/s0022-0736(85)80022-4
2617:10.1016/s0300-8932(02)76644-x
2266:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31713-5
2200:"What Causes Cardiomyopathy?"
2171:10.1016/S0002-9343(02)01472-9
1956:
1680:Dilated cardiomyopathy on CXR
1592:m in the endocardium and 130
5402:Epidermolytic hyperkeratosis
5336:Epidermolytic hyperkeratosis
3595:10.1371/journal.pone.0209112
3243:10.1016/0098-2997(94)90040-X
3053:. 33 Suppl (Suppl): 93–102.
3051:Journal of Electrocardiology
3016:Journal of Electrocardiology
2932:10.1016/j.ehjsup.2004.05.019
2323:"Inherited cardiomyopathies"
1896:phosphodiesterase inhibitors
1766:
1688:Dilated cardiomyopathy on CT
1639:
1503:{\displaystyle \lambda ^{g}}
293:. Complications can include
7:
5623:Buschke–Ollendorff syndrome
2825:Annals of Internal Medicine
1796:in treating heart failure.
1163:Duchenne muscular dystrophy
1153:(as found, for example, in
598:
10:
6289:
5782:Hereditary spherocytosis 1
5699:Primary ciliary dyskinesia
5105:Dilated cardiomyopathy 1AA
4771:Wandering atrial pacemaker
4318:non-infective endocarditis
4259:Endocardial fibroelastosis
3641:10.1016/j.cvsm.2006.08.010
2971:10.1016/j.jmps.2010.07.003
2669:10.1016/j.jacc.2005.01.028
2650:Belhassen B (April 2005).
1857:
1652:(rate about 101/min) with
1232:sympathetic nervous system
397:
383:may be an option in some.
37:idiopathic cardiomyopathy,
35:Congestive cardiomyopathy,
6238:
6199:
6172:
6163:Dilated cardiomyopathy 1O
6097:
6050:
6037:Harlequin-type ichthyosis
5983:
5926:
5846:
5790:
5742:
5717:
5689:
5666:
5657:
5613:Barraquer–Simons syndrome
5566:
5536:
5506:Dilated cardiomyopathy 1I
5489:
5302:
5293:
5252:Weill–Marchesani syndrome
5234:
5212:
5189:
5166:
5123:
5090:
5081:
5072:
4988:
4931:
4849:hexaxial reference system
4840:
4807:
4794:Jervell and Lange-Nielsen
4779:
4737:
4696:
4673:
4647:
4615:
4573:
4554:
4453:
4439:
4339:
4324:Libman–Sacks endocarditis
4293:
4279:
4195:
4144:
4137:
4074:
4029:
3986:
3977:
3873:
3766:
3546:10.2460/javma.253.11.1390
3480:10.2460/ajvr.2005.66.1140
3148:10.1016/j.ehj.2004.06.040
2881:10.1007/s00392-016-1033-6
2064:"Types of Cardiomyopathy"
2035:"What Is Cardiomyopathy?"
1814:https://www.ikard.pl/SVA/
1727:(LBBB) is accompanied by
1141:affecting genes encoding
605:
521:peripartum cardiomyopathy
469:produced by a variety of
460:
252:
239:
215:
200:
176:
155:
133:
122:
114:
94:
69:
57:
52:
43:
31:
26:
6123:Pseudoxanthoma elasticum
5756:Spinocerebellar ataxia 5
5580:Mandibuloacral dysplasia
5148:Freeman–Sheldon syndrome
4729:Ventricular fibrillation
4000:Coronary artery aneurysm
3759:information for parents.
3711:Human Molecular Genetics
3635:(6): 1325–43, vii–viii.
2990:"Dilated Cardiomyopathy"
2529:Suboc T (October 2019).
2409:"Dilated Cardiomyopathy"
1725:left bundle-branch block
531:alcoholic cardiomyopathy
285:. It may also result in
6273:Cardiogenetic disorders
6025:Retinitis pigmentosa 19
5895:Skin fragility syndrome
5837:Giant axonal neuropathy
5442:Steatocystoma multiplex
5006:Diastolic heart failure
4980:Athletic heart syndrome
4941:Ventricular hypertrophy
4675:Pre-excitation syndrome
4529:Left posterior fascicle
4054:Acute coronary syndrome
3994:Coronary artery disease
3319:10.1093/europace/euv319
3059:10.1054/jclc.2000.20326
2554:BMC Infectious Diseases
2537:. Merck & Co., Inc.
2498:10.1161/01.res.74.2.182
2456:Robbins Basic Pathology
1912:
1865:
1721:left atrial enlargement
1717:ventricular arrhythmias
1666:left atrial enlargement
1630:tricuspid regurgitation
538:chemotherapeutic agents
455:tricuspid regurgitation
443:jugular venous pressure
388:Five-year survival rate
326:Coronary artery disease
246:Five-year survival rate
183:Coronary artery disease
6111:Dubin–Johnson syndrome
5181:Nemaline myopathy 4, 5
4524:Left anterior fascicle
4304:infective endocarditis
4089:Hibernating myocardium
3970:Cardiovascular disease
3750:Dilated cardiomyopathy
3135:European Heart Journal
2567:10.1186/1471-2334-5-29
1852:ventricular remodeling
1689:
1681:
1673:
1606:
1586:
1556:
1504:
1473:
1444:
1358:
1331:
1302:
1205:
576:: 1 to 2% of TB cases.
500:Other causes include:
428:ischemic heart disease
271:heart becomes enlarged
263:Dilated cardiomyopathy
178:Differential diagnosis
39:primary cardiomyopathy
27:Dilated cardiomyopathy
6190:Adrenomyeloneuropathy
6041:Lamellar ichthyosis 2
5931:Cytoskeletal proteins
4688:Wolff–Parkinson–White
4648:Premature contraction
4546:Adams–Stokes syndrome
4249:Loeffler endocarditis
4059:Myocardial infarction
3098:10.1056/NEJMoa1110186
2732:Ross J (March 2002).
2710:10.1253/circj.66.1065
2340:10.1056/nejmra0902923
1832:heart transplantation
1805:Artificial pacemakers
1687:
1679:
1647:
1607:
1587:
1557:
1505:
1474:
1472:{\displaystyle f_{0}}
1445:
1359:
1357:{\displaystyle F^{g}}
1332:
1330:{\displaystyle F^{e}}
1303:
1203:
479:myocardial infarction
6268:Cytoskeletal defects
6186:Adrenoleukodystrophy
4855:Right axis deviation
4817:Sudden cardiac death
4175:Pericardial effusion
4118:Ventricular aneurysm
3430:10.5935/abc.20150025
2751:10.1253/circj.66.219
2485:Circulation Research
2375:Leonard S L (2011).
1947:Mesocricetus auratus
1800:Electrical treatment
1745:coronary angiography
1729:right axis deviation
1605:{\displaystyle \mu }
1596:
1585:{\displaystyle \mu }
1576:
1516:
1487:
1456:
1370:
1341:
1314:
1265:
1247:Computational models
1217:Compensation effects
527:Alcohol use disorder
6225:Gallbladder disease
6021:Stargardt disease 1
5638:Pelger–Huet anomaly
5548:Parkinson's disease
5269:Boomerang dysplasia
5204:Nemaline myopathy 1
5158:May–Hegglin anomaly
5115:Nemaline myopathy 3
4860:Left axis deviation
4717:Atrial fibrillation
4712:Ventricular flutter
4635:Torsades de pointes
4509:Bundle branch block
4468:Sick sinus syndrome
4254:Cardiac amyloidosis
4239:Tachycardia-induced
4094:Myocardial stunning
4042:Prinzmetal's angina
4011:Coronary thrombosis
3724:10.1093/hmg/6.4.601
3586:2018PLoSO..1309112K
2963:2010JMPSo..58.1661G
2738:Circulation Journal
2697:Circulation Journal
1846:Research directions
1713:atrial fibrillation
1634:atrial fibrillation
1151:Autosomal recessive
586:Thiamine deficiency
413:Shortness of breath
330:high blood pressure
303:irregular heartbeat
299:heart valve disease
283:shortness of breath
187:heart valve disease
127:Tachycardia-induced
109:irregular heartbeat
105:heart valve disease
81:shortness of breath
5807:Gardner's syndrome
5776:Long QT syndrome 4
5452:Familial cirrhosis
5422:White sponge nevus
5392:Familial cirrhosis
5372:White sponge nevus
4963:Atrial enlargement
4761:Pacemaker syndrome
4683:Lown–Ganong–Levine
4605:Junctional ectopic
4600:AV nodal reentrant
4106:Myocardial rupture
4016:Coronary vasospasm
3874:External resources
3755:2013-05-25 at the
2260:(10092): 400–414.
1919:Oriental Shorthair
1826:Surgical treatment
1819:2021-11-16 at the
1690:
1682:
1674:
1602:
1582:
1552:
1500:
1469:
1440:
1354:
1327:
1298:
1226:Frank-Starling law
1206:
1180:, and the nuclear
1147:autosomal dominant
569:Muscular dystrophy
544:(Adriamycin), and
394:Signs and symptoms
191:pulmonary embolism
6250:
6249:
5938:
5937:
5863:Carvajal syndrome
5738:
5737:
5653:
5652:
5517:Alexander disease
5289:
5288:
5230:
5229:
5143:Usher syndrome 1B
5133:Elejalde syndrome
5031:
5030:
5023:Obstructive shock
4927:
4926:
4874:Short QT syndrome
4841:Other / ungrouped
4832:Sinoatrial arrest
4747:Ectopic pacemaker
4643:
4642:
4463:Sinus bradycardia
4435:
4434:
4431:
4430:
4180:Cardiac tamponade
4133:
4132:
4123:Dressler syndrome
4021:Myocardial bridge
3936:
3935:
3539:(11): 1390–1394.
3312:(11): 1601–1687.
3278:978-1-259-58511-1
2957:(10): 1661–1680.
2919:Eur Heart J Suppl
2913:Pieske B (2004).
2465:978-1-4160-2973-1
2386:978-1-60547-723-7
2111:978-0-323-52957-0
2098:Ferri FF (2017).
1907:Golden Retrievers
1737:ejection fraction
1709:sinus tachycardia
1705:electrocardiogram
1650:Sinus tachycardia
1483:'s long axis and
1236:renin-angiotensin
1211:ejection fraction
1135:
1134:
510:Trypanosoma cruzi
487:Coxsackie B virus
342:electrocardiogram
260:
259:
163:electrocardiogram
157:Diagnostic method
21:Medical condition
6280:
6243:ABC transporters
5972:Genetic disorder
5965:
5958:
5951:
5942:
5941:
5929:Related topics:
5664:
5663:
5300:
5299:
5088:
5087:
5079:
5078:
5058:
5051:
5044:
5035:
5034:
4996:Cardiac fibrosis
4888:T wave alternans
4781:Long QT syndrome
4575:Supraventricular
4571:
4570:
4504:Intraventricular
4451:
4450:
4291:
4290:
4142:
4141:
3987:Coronary disease
3984:
3983:
3963:
3956:
3949:
3940:
3939:
3764:
3763:
3737:
3736:
3726:
3702:
3696:
3695:
3667:
3661:
3660:
3624:
3618:
3617:
3607:
3597:
3580:(12): e0209112.
3565:
3559:
3558:
3548:
3524:
3518:
3517:
3515:
3514:
3499:
3493:
3492:
3482:
3458:
3452:
3451:
3441:
3409:
3403:
3402:
3384:
3360:
3354:
3346:
3340:
3339:
3321:
3297:
3291:
3290:
3264:
3255:
3254:
3229:
3223:
3222:
3194:
3188:
3187:
3167:
3161:
3160:
3150:
3126:
3120:
3119:
3109:
3077:
3071:
3070:
3046:
3040:
3039:
3011:
3005:
3004:
3002:
3000:
2986:
2975:
2974:
2946:
2937:
2936:
2934:
2910:
2901:
2900:
2863:
2857:
2856:
2819:
2813:
2812:
2802:
2770:
2764:
2763:
2753:
2729:
2723:
2722:
2712:
2688:
2682:
2681:
2671:
2647:
2641:
2640:
2635:. Archived from
2596:
2590:
2589:
2579:
2569:
2545:
2539:
2538:
2526:
2520:
2517:
2511:
2510:
2500:
2476:
2470:
2469:
2451:
2424:
2423:
2421:
2419:
2405:
2399:
2398:
2372:
2353:
2352:
2342:
2318:
2312:
2311:
2309:
2307:
2292:
2286:
2285:
2249:
2216:
2215:
2213:
2211:
2196:
2183:
2182:
2154:
2143:
2142:
2122:
2116:
2115:
2095:
2080:
2079:
2077:
2075:
2060:
2051:
2050:
2048:
2046:
2031:
2018:
2017:
2015:
2013:
1998:
1987:
1986:
1984:
1982:
1967:
1698:Pleural effusion
1670:heart transplant
1620:Valvular effects
1611:
1609:
1608:
1603:
1591:
1589:
1588:
1583:
1561:
1559:
1558:
1553:
1550:
1549:
1534:
1533:
1509:
1507:
1506:
1501:
1499:
1498:
1478:
1476:
1475:
1470:
1468:
1467:
1449:
1447:
1446:
1441:
1438:
1437:
1425:
1424:
1406:
1405:
1390:
1382:
1381:
1363:
1361:
1360:
1355:
1353:
1352:
1336:
1334:
1333:
1328:
1326:
1325:
1307:
1305:
1304:
1299:
1296:
1295:
1283:
1282:
1155:Alström syndrome
603:
602:
540:, in particular
457:may be present.
441:and an elevated
381:heart transplant
273:and cannot pump
210:heart transplant
48:
24:
23:
6288:
6287:
6283:
6282:
6281:
6279:
6278:
6277:
6253:
6252:
6251:
6246:
6234:
6195:
6168:
6135:Cystic fibrosis
6093:
6046:
5997:Tangier disease
5979:
5976:ABC transporter
5969:
5939:
5934:
5922:
5842:
5786:
5734:
5713:
5685:
5649:
5628:Osteopoikilosis
5562:
5532:
5485:
5285:
5274:Larsen syndrome
5247:Marfan syndrome
5226:
5208:
5185:
5162:
5119:
5068:
5062:
5032:
5027:
5018:Rheumatic fever
4984:
4923:
4836:
4803:
4775:
4733:
4692:
4669:
4639:
4611:
4558:
4550:
4444:
4427:
4335:
4284:
4275:
4191:
4185:Hemopericardium
4129:
4070:
4064:Unstable angina
4037:Angina pectoris
4030:Active ischemia
4025:
3973:
3967:
3937:
3932:
3931:
3869:
3868:
3775:
3757:Wayback Machine
3746:
3741:
3740:
3703:
3699:
3668:
3664:
3625:
3621:
3566:
3562:
3525:
3521:
3512:
3510:
3500:
3496:
3459:
3455:
3410:
3406:
3361:
3357:
3347:
3343:
3298:
3294:
3279:
3265:
3258:
3230:
3226:
3195:
3191:
3168:
3164:
3141:(21): 1940–65.
3127:
3123:
3078:
3074:
3047:
3043:
3012:
3008:
2998:
2996:
2988:
2987:
2978:
2947:
2940:
2911:
2904:
2864:
2860:
2820:
2816:
2771:
2767:
2730:
2726:
2689:
2685:
2648:
2644:
2597:
2593:
2546:
2542:
2527:
2523:
2518:
2514:
2477:
2473:
2466:
2452:
2427:
2417:
2415:
2407:
2406:
2402:
2387:
2373:
2356:
2333:(17): 1643–56.
2319:
2315:
2305:
2303:
2294:
2293:
2289:
2250:
2219:
2209:
2207:
2198:
2197:
2186:
2155:
2146:
2123:
2119:
2112:
2096:
2083:
2073:
2071:
2062:
2061:
2054:
2044:
2042:
2033:
2032:
2021:
2011:
2009:
2000:
1999:
1990:
1980:
1978:
1977:. June 22, 2016
1969:
1968:
1964:
1959:
1943:golden hamsters
1939:
1915:
1884:Irish Wolfhound
1868:
1860:
1848:
1840:
1828:
1821:Wayback Machine
1802:
1774:
1772:Medical therapy
1769:
1751:Genetic testing
1741:catheterization
1656:accompanied by
1642:
1622:
1597:
1594:
1593:
1577:
1574:
1573:
1570:volume overload
1545:
1541:
1529:
1525:
1517:
1514:
1513:
1494:
1490:
1488:
1485:
1484:
1463:
1459:
1457:
1454:
1453:
1433:
1429:
1420:
1416:
1401:
1397:
1386:
1377:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1367:
1348:
1344:
1342:
1339:
1338:
1321:
1317:
1315:
1312:
1311:
1291:
1287:
1278:
1274:
1266:
1263:
1262:
1249:
1219:
1198:
1196:Pathophysiology
1174:α-cardiac actin
601:
552:Thyroid disease
485:, such as with
463:
439:pulmonary edema
406:quality of life
402:
396:
308:Causes include
75:Feeling tired,
38:
36:
22:
17:
12:
11:
5:
6286:
6276:
6275:
6270:
6265:
6263:Cardiomyopathy
6248:
6247:
6239:
6236:
6235:
6233:
6232:
6229:Sitosterolemia
6216:
6213:Sitosterolemia
6203:
6201:
6197:
6196:
6194:
6193:
6176:
6174:
6170:
6169:
6167:
6166:
6154:
6138:
6126:
6114:
6101:
6099:
6095:
6094:
6092:
6091:
6079:
6067:
6054:
6052:
6048:
6047:
6045:
6044:
6028:
6012:
6000:
5987:
5985:
5981:
5980:
5968:
5967:
5960:
5953:
5945:
5936:
5935:
5927:
5924:
5923:
5921:
5920:
5903:
5902:
5897:
5887:
5886:
5881:
5871:
5870:
5865:
5860:
5850:
5848:
5844:
5843:
5841:
5840:
5828:
5825:Naxos syndrome
5816:
5815:
5814:
5809:
5796:
5794:
5788:
5787:
5785:
5784:
5769:
5768:
5763:
5758:
5748:
5746:
5740:
5739:
5736:
5735:
5733:
5732:
5727:
5721:
5719:
5715:
5714:
5712:
5711:
5706:
5701:
5695:
5693:
5687:
5686:
5684:
5683:
5678:
5672:
5670:
5661:
5655:
5654:
5651:
5650:
5648:
5647:
5646:
5645:
5640:
5632:
5631:
5630:
5625:
5617:
5616:
5615:
5607:
5606:
5605:
5600:
5595:
5590:
5582:
5570:
5568:
5564:
5563:
5561:
5560:
5555:
5550:
5540:
5538:
5534:
5533:
5531:
5530:
5520:
5519:
5509:
5508:
5503:
5493:
5491:
5487:
5486:
5484:
5483:
5478:
5473:
5455:
5445:
5435:
5425:
5415:
5405:
5395:
5385:
5375:
5365:
5355:
5345:
5344:
5343:
5338:
5333:
5322:hyperkeratosis
5306:
5304:
5297:
5291:
5290:
5287:
5286:
5284:
5283:
5282:
5281:
5276:
5271:
5266:
5256:
5255:
5254:
5249:
5238:
5236:
5232:
5231:
5228:
5227:
5225:
5224:
5218:
5216:
5210:
5209:
5207:
5206:
5201:
5195:
5193:
5187:
5186:
5184:
5183:
5178:
5172:
5170:
5164:
5163:
5161:
5160:
5155:
5150:
5145:
5140:
5135:
5129:
5127:
5121:
5120:
5118:
5117:
5112:
5107:
5102:
5096:
5094:
5085:
5076:
5074:Microfilaments
5070:
5069:
5061:
5060:
5053:
5046:
5038:
5029:
5028:
5026:
5025:
5020:
5015:
5014:
5013:
5011:Cardiac asthma
5008:
4998:
4992:
4990:
4986:
4985:
4983:
4982:
4977:
4976:
4975:
4970:
4960:
4959:
4958:
4953:
4948:
4937:
4935:
4929:
4928:
4925:
4924:
4922:
4921:
4919:Strain pattern
4916:
4915:
4914:
4909:
4904:
4892:
4891:
4890:
4878:
4877:
4876:
4864:
4863:
4862:
4857:
4844:
4842:
4838:
4837:
4835:
4834:
4829:
4824:
4819:
4813:
4811:
4809:Cardiac arrest
4805:
4804:
4802:
4801:
4796:
4791:
4789:Andersen–Tawil
4785:
4783:
4777:
4776:
4774:
4773:
4768:
4763:
4758:
4753:
4743:
4741:
4735:
4734:
4732:
4731:
4726:
4725:
4724:
4714:
4709:
4707:Atrial flutter
4703:
4701:
4694:
4693:
4691:
4690:
4685:
4679:
4677:
4671:
4670:
4668:
4667:
4662:
4657:
4651:
4649:
4645:
4644:
4641:
4640:
4638:
4637:
4632:
4627:
4621:
4619:
4613:
4612:
4610:
4609:
4608:
4607:
4602:
4592:
4591:
4590:
4579:
4577:
4568:
4552:
4551:
4549:
4548:
4543:
4542:
4541:
4536:
4531:
4526:
4521:
4516:
4506:
4501:
4500:
4499:
4494:
4489:
4479:
4470:
4465:
4459:
4457:
4448:
4437:
4436:
4433:
4432:
4429:
4428:
4426:
4425:
4424:
4423:
4418:
4406:
4405:
4404:
4399:
4387:
4386:
4385:
4380:
4368:
4367:
4366:
4361:
4356:
4343:
4341:
4337:
4336:
4334:
4333:
4332:
4331:
4326:
4314:
4313:
4312:
4299:
4297:
4288:
4277:
4276:
4274:
4273:
4268:
4267:
4266:
4261:
4256:
4251:
4246:
4241:
4236:
4231:
4230:
4229:
4217:Cardiomyopathy
4214:
4213:
4212:
4210:Chagas disease
4201:
4199:
4193:
4192:
4190:
4189:
4188:
4187:
4182:
4172:
4171:
4170:
4161:
4150:
4148:
4139:
4135:
4134:
4131:
4130:
4128:
4127:
4126:
4125:
4120:
4110:
4109:
4108:
4098:
4097:
4096:
4091:
4080:
4078:
4072:
4071:
4069:
4068:
4067:
4066:
4061:
4051:
4050:
4049:
4044:
4033:
4031:
4027:
4026:
4024:
4023:
4018:
4013:
4008:
4002:
3997:
3990:
3988:
3981:
3975:
3974:
3966:
3965:
3958:
3951:
3943:
3934:
3933:
3930:
3929:
3918:
3907:
3890:
3878:
3877:
3875:
3871:
3870:
3867:
3866:
3855:
3844:
3833:
3822:
3807:
3792:
3776:
3771:
3770:
3768:
3767:Classification
3761:
3760:
3745:
3744:External links
3742:
3739:
3738:
3697:
3662:
3619:
3560:
3519:
3494:
3473:(7): 1140–55.
3453:
3404:
3355:
3341:
3292:
3277:
3256:
3224:
3189:
3162:
3121:
3072:
3041:
3022:(4): 395–404.
3006:
2976:
2938:
2902:
2875:(2): 127–139.
2858:
2814:
2791:10.1086/321978
2765:
2724:
2703:(11): 1065–7.
2683:
2642:
2639:on 2009-01-09.
2607:(in Spanish).
2591:
2540:
2521:
2512:
2471:
2464:
2425:
2400:
2385:
2354:
2313:
2302:. 22 June 2016
2287:
2217:
2206:. 22 June 2016
2184:
2144:
2117:
2110:
2081:
2070:. 22 June 2016
2052:
2041:. 22 June 2016
2019:
2008:. 22 June 2016
1988:
1961:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1938:
1935:
1914:
1911:
1892:loop diuretics
1867:
1864:
1859:
1856:
1847:
1844:
1839:
1836:
1827:
1824:
1801:
1798:
1790:Anticoagulants
1778:ACE inhibitors
1773:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1733:Echocardiogram
1641:
1638:
1621:
1618:
1601:
1581:
1548:
1544:
1540:
1537:
1532:
1528:
1524:
1521:
1497:
1493:
1466:
1462:
1436:
1432:
1428:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1412:
1409:
1404:
1400:
1396:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1380:
1376:
1351:
1347:
1324:
1320:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1281:
1277:
1273:
1270:
1248:
1245:
1240:
1239:
1228:
1218:
1215:
1197:
1194:
1186:ATP generation
1133:
1132:
1129:
1124:
1122:
1119:
1118:
1115:
1110:
1105:
1101:
1100:
1097:
1092:
1087:
1083:
1082:
1079:
1074:
1069:
1065:
1064:
1061:
1056:
1051:
1047:
1046:
1043:
1038:
1033:
1029:
1028:
1025:
1020:
1015:
1011:
1010:
1007:
1002:
1000:
996:
995:
992:
987:
982:
978:
977:
974:
969:
967:
963:
962:
959:
954:
952:
948:
947:
944:
939:
937:
933:
932:
929:
924:
922:
918:
917:
914:
909:
907:
903:
902:
899:
897:
892:
888:
887:
884:
879:
874:
870:
869:
866:
861:
856:
852:
851:
848:
843:
838:
834:
833:
830:
825:
820:
816:
815:
812:
807:
802:
798:
797:
794:
792:
787:
783:
782:
777:
772:
768:
767:
764:
762:
757:
753:
752:
749:
744:
739:
735:
734:
731:
729:
724:
720:
719:
716:
711:
706:
702:
701:
698:
693:
688:
684:
683:
680:
675:
670:
666:
665:
662:
655:
650:
646:
645:
642:
637:
632:
628:
627:
622:
617:
612:
608:
607:
600:
597:
589:
588:
583:
577:
571:
566:
561:
554:
549:
534:
524:
514:
505:Chagas disease
495:autoantibodies
462:
459:
447:pulse pressure
435:enlarged heart
431:
430:
421:
415:
398:Main article:
395:
392:
373:blood thinners
350:echocardiogram
334:cardiomyopathy
258:
257:
254:
250:
249:
243:
237:
236:
234:blood thinners
219:
213:
212:
202:
198:
197:
195:cardiomyopathy
180:
174:
173:
171:echocardiogram
159:
153:
152:
135:
131:
130:
124:
120:
119:
116:
112:
111:
98:
92:
91:
73:
67:
66:
61:
55:
54:
50:
49:
41:
40:
33:
29:
28:
20:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6285:
6274:
6271:
6269:
6266:
6264:
6261:
6260:
6258:
6245:
6244:
6237:
6230:
6226:
6222:
6221:
6217:
6214:
6210:
6209:
6205:
6204:
6202:
6198:
6191:
6187:
6183:
6182:
6178:
6177:
6175:
6171:
6164:
6160:
6159:
6155:
6152:
6148:
6144:
6143:
6139:
6136:
6132:
6131:
6127:
6124:
6120:
6119:
6115:
6112:
6108:
6107:
6103:
6102:
6100:
6096:
6089:
6085:
6084:
6080:
6077:
6073:
6072:
6068:
6065:
6061:
6060:
6056:
6055:
6053:
6049:
6042:
6038:
6034:
6033:
6029:
6026:
6022:
6018:
6017:
6013:
6010:
6006:
6005:
6001:
5998:
5994:
5993:
5989:
5988:
5986:
5982:
5977:
5973:
5966:
5961:
5959:
5954:
5952:
5947:
5946:
5943:
5933:
5932:
5925:
5918:
5914:
5913:
5908:
5905:
5904:
5901:
5898:
5896:
5892:
5889:
5888:
5885:
5882:
5880:
5876:
5873:
5872:
5869:
5866:
5864:
5861:
5859:
5855:
5852:
5851:
5849:
5845:
5838:
5834:
5833:
5829:
5826:
5822:
5821:
5817:
5813:
5810:
5808:
5805:
5804:
5803:
5802:
5798:
5797:
5795:
5793:
5789:
5783:
5780:
5779:
5778:
5777:
5773:
5767:
5764:
5762:
5759:
5757:
5753:
5750:
5749:
5747:
5745:
5741:
5731:
5728:
5726:
5723:
5722:
5720:
5716:
5710:
5707:
5705:
5702:
5700:
5697:
5696:
5694:
5692:
5688:
5682:
5679:
5677:
5674:
5673:
5671:
5669:
5665:
5662:
5660:
5656:
5644:
5641:
5639:
5636:
5635:
5633:
5629:
5626:
5624:
5621:
5620:
5618:
5614:
5611:
5610:
5608:
5604:
5601:
5599:
5596:
5594:
5591:
5589:
5586:
5583:
5581:
5578:
5577:
5575:
5572:
5571:
5569:
5565:
5559:
5556:
5554:
5551:
5549:
5545:
5544:Neurofilament
5542:
5541:
5539:
5535:
5529:
5525:
5522:
5521:
5518:
5514:
5511:
5510:
5507:
5504:
5502:
5498:
5495:
5494:
5492:
5488:
5482:
5479:
5477:
5474:
5471:
5467:
5463:
5459:
5456:
5453:
5449:
5446:
5443:
5439:
5436:
5433:
5429:
5426:
5423:
5419:
5416:
5413:
5409:
5406:
5403:
5399:
5396:
5393:
5389:
5386:
5383:
5379:
5376:
5373:
5369:
5366:
5363:
5359:
5356:
5353:
5349:
5346:
5342:
5339:
5337:
5334:
5332:
5329:
5328:
5327:
5323:
5319:
5315:
5311:
5310:Keratinopathy
5308:
5307:
5305:
5301:
5298:
5296:
5292:
5280:
5277:
5275:
5272:
5270:
5267:
5265:
5264:FG syndrome 2
5262:
5261:
5260:
5257:
5253:
5250:
5248:
5245:
5244:
5243:
5240:
5239:
5237:
5233:
5223:
5220:
5219:
5217:
5215:
5211:
5205:
5202:
5200:
5197:
5196:
5194:
5192:
5188:
5182:
5179:
5177:
5174:
5173:
5171:
5169:
5165:
5159:
5156:
5154:
5151:
5149:
5146:
5144:
5141:
5139:
5136:
5134:
5131:
5130:
5128:
5126:
5122:
5116:
5113:
5111:
5108:
5106:
5103:
5101:
5098:
5097:
5095:
5093:
5089:
5086:
5084:
5080:
5077:
5075:
5071:
5066:
5059:
5054:
5052:
5047:
5045:
5040:
5039:
5036:
5024:
5021:
5019:
5016:
5012:
5009:
5007:
5004:
5003:
5002:
5001:Heart failure
4999:
4997:
4994:
4993:
4991:
4987:
4981:
4978:
4974:
4971:
4969:
4966:
4965:
4964:
4961:
4957:
4954:
4952:
4949:
4947:
4944:
4943:
4942:
4939:
4938:
4936:
4934:
4930:
4920:
4917:
4913:
4912:ST depression
4910:
4908:
4905:
4903:
4900:
4899:
4898:
4897:
4893:
4889:
4886:
4885:
4884:
4883:
4879:
4875:
4872:
4871:
4870:
4869:
4865:
4861:
4858:
4856:
4853:
4852:
4851:
4850:
4846:
4845:
4843:
4839:
4833:
4830:
4828:
4825:
4823:
4820:
4818:
4815:
4814:
4812:
4810:
4806:
4800:
4797:
4795:
4792:
4790:
4787:
4786:
4784:
4782:
4778:
4772:
4769:
4767:
4764:
4762:
4759:
4757:
4754:
4752:
4748:
4745:
4744:
4742:
4740:
4736:
4730:
4727:
4723:
4720:
4719:
4718:
4715:
4713:
4710:
4708:
4705:
4704:
4702:
4700:
4695:
4689:
4686:
4684:
4681:
4680:
4678:
4676:
4672:
4666:
4663:
4661:
4658:
4656:
4653:
4652:
4650:
4646:
4636:
4633:
4631:
4628:
4626:
4623:
4622:
4620:
4618:
4614:
4606:
4603:
4601:
4598:
4597:
4596:
4593:
4589:
4586:
4585:
4584:
4581:
4580:
4578:
4576:
4572:
4569:
4566:
4562:
4557:
4553:
4547:
4544:
4540:
4539:Trifascicular
4537:
4535:
4532:
4530:
4527:
4525:
4522:
4520:
4517:
4515:
4512:
4511:
4510:
4507:
4505:
4502:
4498:
4495:
4493:
4490:
4488:
4485:
4484:
4483:
4480:
4478:
4474:
4471:
4469:
4466:
4464:
4461:
4460:
4458:
4456:
4452:
4449:
4447:
4442:
4438:
4422:
4421:regurgitation
4419:
4417:
4414:
4413:
4412:
4411:
4407:
4403:
4402:regurgitation
4400:
4398:
4395:
4394:
4393:
4392:
4388:
4384:
4383:regurgitation
4381:
4379:
4376:
4375:
4374:
4373:
4369:
4365:
4364:regurgitation
4362:
4360:
4357:
4355:
4352:
4351:
4350:
4349:
4345:
4344:
4342:
4338:
4330:
4327:
4325:
4322:
4321:
4320:
4319:
4315:
4311:
4308:
4307:
4306:
4305:
4301:
4300:
4298:
4296:
4292:
4289:
4287:
4282:
4278:
4272:
4269:
4265:
4262:
4260:
4257:
4255:
4252:
4250:
4247:
4245:
4242:
4240:
4237:
4235:
4232:
4228:
4225:
4224:
4223:
4220:
4219:
4218:
4215:
4211:
4208:
4207:
4206:
4203:
4202:
4200:
4198:
4194:
4186:
4183:
4181:
4178:
4177:
4176:
4173:
4169:
4165:
4162:
4160:
4157:
4156:
4155:
4152:
4151:
4149:
4147:
4143:
4140:
4136:
4124:
4121:
4119:
4116:
4115:
4114:
4111:
4107:
4104:
4103:
4102:
4099:
4095:
4092:
4090:
4087:
4086:
4085:
4082:
4081:
4079:
4077:
4073:
4065:
4062:
4060:
4057:
4056:
4055:
4052:
4048:
4047:Stable angina
4045:
4043:
4040:
4039:
4038:
4035:
4034:
4032:
4028:
4022:
4019:
4017:
4014:
4012:
4009:
4006:
4003:
4001:
3998:
3995:
3992:
3991:
3989:
3985:
3982:
3980:
3976:
3971:
3964:
3959:
3957:
3952:
3950:
3945:
3944:
3941:
3928:
3924:
3923:
3919:
3917:
3913:
3912:
3908:
3906:
3903:
3900:
3896:
3895:
3891:
3889:
3885:
3884:
3880:
3879:
3876:
3872:
3865:
3861:
3860:
3856:
3854:
3850:
3849:
3845:
3843:
3839:
3838:
3834:
3832:
3828:
3827:
3823:
3821:
3817:
3816:
3812:
3808:
3806:
3802:
3801:
3797:
3793:
3791:
3787:
3786:
3782:
3778:
3777:
3774:
3769:
3765:
3758:
3754:
3751:
3748:
3747:
3734:
3730:
3725:
3720:
3716:
3712:
3708:
3701:
3693:
3689:
3685:
3681:
3678:(2): 267–74.
3677:
3673:
3666:
3658:
3654:
3650:
3646:
3642:
3638:
3634:
3630:
3623:
3615:
3611:
3606:
3601:
3596:
3591:
3587:
3583:
3579:
3575:
3571:
3564:
3556:
3552:
3547:
3542:
3538:
3534:
3530:
3523:
3509:
3505:
3498:
3490:
3486:
3481:
3476:
3472:
3468:
3464:
3457:
3449:
3445:
3440:
3435:
3431:
3427:
3423:
3419:
3415:
3408:
3400:
3396:
3392:
3388:
3383:
3378:
3375:(2): 165–72.
3374:
3370:
3366:
3359:
3352:
3345:
3337:
3333:
3329:
3325:
3320:
3315:
3311:
3307:
3303:
3296:
3288:
3284:
3280:
3274:
3270:
3263:
3261:
3252:
3248:
3244:
3240:
3236:
3228:
3220:
3216:
3212:
3208:
3205:(1): 247–53.
3204:
3200:
3193:
3185:
3181:
3178:(3): 169–71.
3177:
3173:
3166:
3158:
3154:
3149:
3144:
3140:
3136:
3132:
3125:
3117:
3113:
3108:
3103:
3099:
3095:
3092:(7): 619–28.
3091:
3087:
3083:
3076:
3068:
3064:
3060:
3056:
3052:
3045:
3037:
3033:
3029:
3025:
3021:
3017:
3010:
2995:
2991:
2985:
2983:
2981:
2972:
2968:
2964:
2960:
2956:
2952:
2945:
2943:
2933:
2928:
2924:
2920:
2916:
2909:
2907:
2898:
2894:
2890:
2886:
2882:
2878:
2874:
2870:
2862:
2854:
2850:
2846:
2842:
2838:
2834:
2831:(2): 108–15.
2830:
2826:
2818:
2810:
2806:
2801:
2796:
2792:
2788:
2785:(2): 249–60.
2784:
2780:
2776:
2769:
2761:
2757:
2752:
2747:
2744:(3): 219–24.
2743:
2739:
2735:
2728:
2720:
2716:
2711:
2706:
2702:
2698:
2694:
2687:
2679:
2675:
2670:
2665:
2662:(8): 1266–8.
2661:
2657:
2653:
2646:
2638:
2634:
2630:
2626:
2622:
2618:
2614:
2611:(5): 514–24.
2610:
2606:
2602:
2595:
2587:
2583:
2578:
2573:
2568:
2563:
2559:
2555:
2551:
2544:
2536:
2532:
2525:
2516:
2508:
2504:
2499:
2494:
2490:
2486:
2482:
2475:
2467:
2461:
2457:
2450:
2448:
2446:
2444:
2442:
2440:
2438:
2436:
2434:
2432:
2430:
2414:
2410:
2404:
2396:
2392:
2388:
2382:
2378:
2371:
2369:
2367:
2365:
2363:
2361:
2359:
2350:
2346:
2341:
2336:
2332:
2328:
2324:
2317:
2301:
2297:
2291:
2283:
2279:
2275:
2271:
2267:
2263:
2259:
2255:
2248:
2246:
2244:
2242:
2240:
2238:
2236:
2234:
2232:
2230:
2228:
2226:
2224:
2222:
2205:
2201:
2195:
2193:
2191:
2189:
2180:
2176:
2172:
2168:
2164:
2160:
2153:
2151:
2149:
2141:
2136:
2132:
2128:
2121:
2113:
2107:
2103:
2102:
2094:
2092:
2090:
2088:
2086:
2069:
2065:
2059:
2057:
2040:
2036:
2030:
2028:
2026:
2024:
2007:
2003:
1997:
1995:
1993:
1976:
1972:
1966:
1962:
1954:
1952:
1948:
1944:
1937:Other animals
1934:
1932:
1928:
1924:
1920:
1910:
1908:
1904:
1899:
1897:
1893:
1889:
1885:
1881:
1877:
1873:
1863:
1855:
1853:
1843:
1835:
1833:
1823:
1822:
1818:
1815:
1810:
1806:
1797:
1795:
1791:
1787:
1786:beta blockers
1783:
1779:
1764:
1762:
1758:
1756:
1752:
1748:
1746:
1742:
1738:
1734:
1730:
1726:
1722:
1718:
1714:
1710:
1706:
1701:
1699:
1695:
1686:
1678:
1671:
1667:
1663:
1659:
1655:
1651:
1646:
1637:
1635:
1631:
1627:
1617:
1615:
1599:
1579:
1571:
1567:
1562:
1546:
1542:
1538:
1535:
1530:
1526:
1522:
1519:
1511:
1495:
1491:
1482:
1481:cardiomyocyte
1464:
1460:
1450:
1434:
1430:
1426:
1421:
1417:
1410:
1407:
1402:
1398:
1391:
1383:
1378:
1374:
1365:
1349:
1345:
1322:
1318:
1308:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1268:
1260:
1258:
1254:
1244:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1227:
1224:
1223:
1222:
1214:
1212:
1202:
1193:
1189:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1170:
1168:
1167:mitochondrial
1164:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1130:
1128:
1125:
1123:
1121:
1120:
1116:
1114:
1111:
1109:
1106:
1103:
1102:
1098:
1096:
1093:
1091:
1088:
1085:
1084:
1080:
1078:
1075:
1073:
1070:
1067:
1066:
1062:
1060:
1057:
1055:
1052:
1049:
1048:
1045:3p21.3-p14.3
1044:
1042:
1039:
1037:
1034:
1031:
1030:
1026:
1024:
1021:
1019:
1016:
1013:
1012:
1008:
1006:
1003:
1001:
998:
997:
993:
991:
988:
986:
983:
980:
979:
975:
973:
970:
968:
965:
964:
960:
958:
955:
953:
950:
949:
945:
943:
940:
938:
935:
934:
930:
928:
925:
923:
920:
919:
915:
913:
910:
908:
905:
904:
901:7q22.3-q31.1
900:
898:
896:
893:
890:
889:
885:
883:
880:
878:
875:
872:
871:
867:
865:
862:
860:
857:
854:
853:
849:
847:
844:
842:
839:
836:
835:
831:
829:
826:
824:
821:
818:
817:
813:
811:
808:
806:
803:
800:
799:
795:
793:
791:
788:
785:
784:
781:
778:
776:
773:
770:
769:
765:
763:
761:
758:
755:
754:
750:
748:
745:
743:
740:
737:
736:
732:
730:
728:
725:
722:
721:
717:
715:
712:
710:
707:
704:
703:
699:
697:
694:
692:
689:
686:
685:
681:
679:
676:
674:
671:
668:
667:
663:
660:
656:
654:
651:
648:
647:
643:
641:
638:
636:
633:
630:
629:
626:
623:
621:
618:
616:
613:
610:
609:
604:
596:
594:
587:
584:
581:
578:
575:
572:
570:
567:
565:
562:
559:
555:
553:
550:
547:
543:
539:
535:
532:
528:
525:
522:
518:
515:
512:
511:
506:
503:
502:
501:
498:
496:
492:
491:enteroviruses
488:
484:
480:
476:
472:
468:
458:
456:
452:
448:
444:
440:
436:
429:
425:
422:
419:
416:
414:
411:
410:
409:
407:
401:
391:
389:
384:
382:
378:
374:
370:
369:low salt diet
366:
362:
358:
357:ACE inhibitor
353:
351:
347:
343:
339:
335:
331:
327:
323:
319:
315:
311:
306:
304:
300:
296:
295:heart failure
292:
288:
284:
280:
276:
272:
268:
264:
255:
251:
247:
244:
242:
238:
235:
231:
227:
223:
222:ACE inhibitor
220:
218:
214:
211:
207:
203:
199:
196:
192:
188:
184:
181:
179:
175:
172:
168:
164:
161:Supported by
160:
158:
154:
151:
147:
143:
139:
136:
132:
128:
125:
121:
117:
113:
110:
106:
102:
101:Heart failure
99:
97:
96:Complications
93:
90:
86:
82:
78:
74:
72:
68:
65:
62:
60:
56:
51:
47:
42:
34:
30:
25:
19:
6240:
6218:
6206:
6179:
6162:
6156:
6140:
6128:
6116:
6104:
6081:
6069:
6057:
6030:
6014:
6002:
5990:
5974:, membrane:
5928:
5910:
5830:
5818:
5799:
5770:
5659:Microtubules
5505:
5104:
5065:Cytoskeletal
4933:Cardiomegaly
4907:ST elevation
4894:
4880:
4866:
4847:
4751:Ectopic beat
4699:fibrillation
4534:Bifascicular
4408:
4389:
4370:
4346:
4316:
4302:
4295:Endocarditis
4234:Hypertrophic
4221:
4168:Constrictive
4154:Pericarditis
4112:
4100:
4083:
3920:
3909:
3892:
3881:
3857:
3846:
3835:
3824:
3809:
3794:
3779:
3717:(4): 601–7.
3714:
3710:
3700:
3675:
3671:
3665:
3632:
3628:
3622:
3577:
3573:
3563:
3536:
3532:
3522:
3511:. Retrieved
3507:
3497:
3470:
3466:
3456:
3424:(6): 502–6.
3421:
3417:
3407:
3372:
3369:Epidemiology
3368:
3358:
3344:
3309:
3305:
3295:
3268:
3234:
3227:
3202:
3198:
3192:
3175:
3171:
3165:
3138:
3134:
3124:
3089:
3085:
3075:
3050:
3044:
3019:
3015:
3009:
2997:. Retrieved
2993:
2954:
2950:
2922:
2918:
2872:
2868:
2861:
2828:
2824:
2817:
2782:
2778:
2768:
2741:
2737:
2727:
2700:
2696:
2686:
2659:
2655:
2645:
2637:the original
2608:
2604:
2594:
2557:
2553:
2543:
2535:Merck Manual
2534:
2524:
2515:
2491:(2): 182–8.
2488:
2484:
2474:
2455:
2416:. Retrieved
2412:
2403:
2376:
2330:
2326:
2316:
2304:. Retrieved
2299:
2290:
2257:
2253:
2208:. Retrieved
2203:
2162:
2158:
2138:
2134:
2130:
2120:
2100:
2072:. Retrieved
2067:
2043:. Retrieved
2038:
2010:. Retrieved
2005:
1979:. Retrieved
1974:
1965:
1946:
1940:
1916:
1900:
1869:
1861:
1849:
1841:
1838:Epidemiology
1829:
1803:
1794:coenzyme Q10
1775:
1759:
1749:
1707:often shows
1702:
1691:
1623:
1563:
1512:
1451:
1366:
1309:
1261:
1250:
1241:
1220:
1207:
1190:
1171:
1143:cytoskeletal
1136:
590:
574:Tuberculosis
508:
499:
464:
432:
403:
385:
367:families. A
361:beta blocker
354:
338:heart muscle
307:
279:leg swelling
266:
262:
261:
226:beta blocker
77:leg swelling
18:
5891:plakophilin
5854:desmoplakin
5820:plakoglobin
5574:Laminopathy
5470:Monilethrix
5318:keratoderma
5191:Tropomyosin
5083:Myofilament
4799:Romano–Ward
4766:Parasystole
4665:Ventricular
4617:Ventricular
4556:Tachycardia
4473:Heart block
4455:Bradycardia
4281:Endocardium
4244:Restrictive
4205:Myocarditis
4146:Pericardium
3911:GeneReviews
3883:MedlinePlus
2306:10 November
2210:10 November
2165:(1): 51–5.
2074:10 November
2045:10 November
2012:10 November
1694:chest X-ray
661:candidate)
558:sarcoidosis
542:doxorubicin
483:myocarditis
449:. Signs of
346:chest X-ray
167:chest X-ray
115:Usual onset
32:Other names
6257:Categories
5907:centrosome
5524:Peripherin
4697:Flutter /
4660:Junctional
4595:Junctional
4588:Multifocal
4561:paroxysmal
4477:Sinoatrial
4446:arrhythmia
4441:Conduction
4197:Myocardium
3848:DiseasesDB
3513:2021-02-10
2925:: D66–78.
1957:References
1931:Abyssinian
1888:St Bernard
1880:Great Dane
1739:. Cardiac
1614:sarcomeres
1566:myocardium
1257:myocardium
994:10q22-q23
682:10q22-q23
582:mechanisms
580:Autoimmune
489:and other
467:myocardium
445:and a low
420:(fainting)
322:infections
287:chest pain
217:Medication
150:infections
118:Middle age
85:chest pain
64:Cardiology
6241:see also
5978:disorders
5725:Tauopathy
5314:keratosis
5242:Fibrillin
4956:Pulmonary
4739:Pacemaker
4410:pulmonary
4391:tricuspid
4227:Alcoholic
3894:eMedicine
3859:SNOMED CT
3328:1532-2092
3287:957316517
2999:25 August
2395:649701807
1981:31 August
1876:Dobermann
1782:diuretics
1767:Treatment
1640:Diagnosis
1600:μ
1580:μ
1543:λ
1536:⋅
1527:λ
1520:λ
1492:λ
1427:⊗
1408:−
1399:λ
1285:⋅
1253:isotropic
1149:pattern.
1139:mutations
1063:1q42-q43
976:1q31-q42
796:6q12-q16
766:2q14-q22
657:unknown (
517:Pregnancy
507:, due to
475:metabolic
256:1 in 2500
253:Frequency
241:Prognosis
201:Treatment
59:Specialty
5752:Spectrin
5744:Membrane
5585:Dunnigan
5168:Troponin
4822:Asystole
4722:Familial
4416:stenosis
4397:stenosis
4378:stenosis
4359:stenosis
4354:prolapse
4076:Sequelae
3979:Ischemia
3922:Orphanet
3905:ped/2502
3902:emerg/80
3864:74368002
3753:Archived
3657:23947922
3649:17085238
3614:30543707
3574:PLOS ONE
3555:30451613
3508:UC Davis
3489:16111151
3448:26131706
3399:10961862
3336:26318695
3306:Europace
3157:15522474
3116:22335739
3067:11265743
2897:27511518
2889:27576561
2853:22278646
2845:16027452
2809:11443548
2760:11922267
2719:12419942
2678:15837260
2633:73293322
2625:12015932
2586:15857515
2349:21524215
2282:46801202
2274:28190577
2179:12543289
1817:Archived
1234:and the
1159:X-linked
1131:15q25.3
1081:19q13.4
1027:15q22.1
961:14q24.3
868:12p12.1
832:11p15.1
599:Genetics
365:diuretic
310:genetics
301:, or an
291:fainting
230:diuretic
193:, other
138:Genetics
129:, others
89:fainting
71:Symptoms
5875:plectin
5792:Catenin
5772:Ankyrin
5668:Kinesin
5576:: LMNA
5259:Filamin
5067:defects
4222:Dilated
4164:Chronic
3972:(heart)
3899:med/289
3842:D002311
3733:9097966
3692:1500323
3605:6292607
3582:Bibcode
3439:4484683
3391:8452906
3251:7752841
3219:1731784
3184:2276895
3107:3660031
3036:3906012
2959:Bibcode
2800:1235300
2577:1090580
2507:8293557
2418:11 July
1927:Persian
1923:Burmese
1858:Animals
1238:system.
1165:), and
1161:(as in
1117:Xp21.2
1050:CMD1AA
886:6q22.1
437:, with
418:Syncope
318:cocaine
314:alcohol
146:cocaine
142:alcohol
6083:ABCB11
6032:ABCA12
5691:Dynein
5619:LEMD3
5497:Desmin
5125:Myosin
5110:DFNA20
4902:J wave
4655:Atrial
4583:Atrial
4372:aortic
4348:mitral
4340:Valves
4286:valves
4138:Layers
4007:(SCAD)
3927:217604
3888:000168
3831:212110
3790:BC43.0
3731:
3690:
3655:
3647:
3612:
3602:
3553:
3487:
3446:
3436:
3397:
3389:
3334:
3326:
3285:
3275:
3249:
3217:
3182:
3155:
3114:
3104:
3065:
3034:
2895:
2887:
2851:
2843:
2807:
2797:
2758:
2717:
2676:
2631:
2623:
2584:
2574:
2560:: 29.
2505:
2462:
2393:
2383:
2347:
2280:
2272:
2254:Lancet
2177:
2137:: 16.
2108:
1951:inbred
1929:, and
1894:, and
1886:, and
1784:, and
1626:mitral
1452:where
1310:where
1182:lamins
1178:desmin
1108:302045
1104:CMD3B
1090:300069
1086:CMD3A
1072:611880
1068:CMD2A
1054:612158
1036:611879
1032:CMD1Z
1018:611878
1014:CMD1Y
999:CMD1X
985:611407
981:CMD1W
966:CMD1V
951:CMD1U
946:12q22
936:CMD1T
931:14q12
921:CMD1S
916:15q14
906:CMD1R
895:609915
891:CMD1Q
877:609909
873:CMD1P
859:608569
855:CMD1O
850:17q12
841:607487
837:CMD1N
823:607482
819:CMD1M
805:606685
801:CMD1L
790:605582
786:CMD1K
775:604765
771:CMD1I
760:604288
756:CMD1H
742:604145
738:CMD1G
727:602067
723:CMD1F
709:601154
705:CMD1E
691:601494
687:CMD1D
673:601493
669:CMD1C
653:600884
649:CMD1B
635:115200
631:CMD1A
546:cobalt
461:Causes
451:mitral
424:Angina
375:or an
363:, and
281:, and
134:Causes
6220:ABCG8
6208:ABCG5
6181:ABCD1
6158:ABCC9
6151:TNDM2
6142:ABCC8
6130:ABCC7
6118:ABCC6
6106:ABCC2
6071:ABCB7
6059:ABCB4
6016:ABCA4
6004:ABCA3
5992:ABCA1
5847:Other
5718:Other
5609:LMNB
5466:KRT86
5462:KRT83
5458:KRT81
5448:KRT18
5438:KRT17
5428:KRT14
5418:KRT13
5408:KRT12
5398:KRT10
5348:KRT2E
5235:Other
5214:Titin
5092:Actin
4989:Other
4973:Right
4951:Right
4565:sinus
4514:Right
4264:Viral
4159:Acute
4113:weeks
4084:hours
3996:(CAD)
3820:425.4
3805:I42.0
3653:S2CID
3395:S2CID
2893:S2CID
2849:S2CID
2629:S2CID
2300:NHLBI
2278:S2CID
2204:NHLBI
2140:rate.
2068:NHLBI
2039:NHLBI
2006:NHLBI
1975:NHLBI
1872:Boxer
1755:titin
1127:ALPK3
1099:Xq28
1077:TNNI3
1059:ACTN2
1041:TNNC1
1009:9q31
972:PSEN2
957:PSEN1
864:ABCC9
828:CSRP3
814:5q33
751:2q31
733:6q23
714:SCN5A
700:1q32
696:TNNT2
664:9q13
659:TMOD1
644:1q21
625:Locus
611:Type
471:toxic
348:, or
275:blood
123:Types
6200:ABCG
6173:ABCD
6147:HHF1
6098:ABCC
6076:ASAT
6051:ABCB
5984:ABCA
5912:PCNT
5634:LBR
5513:GFAP
5388:KRT8
5378:KRT5
5368:KRT4
5358:KRT3
5341:IHCM
5326:KRT1
4968:Left
4946:Left
4563:and
4519:Left
4101:days
3853:3066
3837:MeSH
3826:OMIM
3815:9-CM
3729:PMID
3688:PMID
3645:PMID
3610:PMID
3551:PMID
3485:PMID
3444:PMID
3387:PMID
3332:PMID
3324:ISSN
3283:OCLC
3273:ISBN
3247:PMID
3215:PMID
3180:PMID
3153:PMID
3112:PMID
3063:PMID
3032:PMID
3001:2021
2885:PMID
2841:PMID
2805:PMID
2756:PMID
2715:PMID
2674:PMID
2621:PMID
2582:PMID
2503:PMID
2460:ISBN
2420:2021
2391:OCLC
2381:ISBN
2345:PMID
2308:2017
2270:PMID
2212:2017
2175:PMID
2106:ISBN
2076:2017
2047:2017
2014:2017
1983:2016
1913:Cats
1866:Dogs
1743:and
1703:The
1662:PVCs
1654:LBBB
1628:and
1023:TPM1
1005:FCMD
942:TMPO
927:MYH7
912:ACTC
846:TCAP
810:SGCD
678:LDB3
640:LMNA
620:Gene
615:OMIM
453:and
328:and
248:~50%
6227:4,
5832:GAN
5801:APC
5324:):
5303:1/2
3811:ICD
3796:ICD
3781:ICD
3719:doi
3680:doi
3676:201
3637:doi
3600:PMC
3590:doi
3541:doi
3537:253
3475:doi
3434:PMC
3426:doi
3422:104
3377:doi
3314:doi
3239:doi
3207:doi
3203:182
3143:doi
3102:PMC
3094:doi
3090:366
3055:doi
3024:doi
2967:doi
2927:doi
2877:doi
2873:106
2833:doi
2829:143
2795:PMC
2787:doi
2746:doi
2705:doi
2664:doi
2613:doi
2572:PMC
2562:doi
2493:doi
2335:doi
2331:364
2262:doi
2258:390
2167:doi
2163:114
1854:).
1711:or
1658:RAD
1157:),
1113:DMD
1095:TAZ
990:VCL
882:PLN
780:DES
747:TTN
718:3p
289:or
267:DCM
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6188:,
6149:,
6039:,
6023:,
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5499::
5320:,
5316:,
5295:IF
4896:ST
4868:QT
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4497:3°
4492:2°
4487:1°
4482:AV
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