124:
462:
27:
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Project in the US in 1977. After the end of this 5-year project, some
European projects issued the first dialogue system able to speak many languages (also French, German and Italian). Those first systems were used in the telecom industry to provide phone various services in specific domains, e.g.
563:
chatbot, none of these integrate linguistic features like dialogue acts or language generation. Therefore, NADIA (a research prototype) gives an idea of how to fill that gap and combines some of the aforementioned aspects like natural language generation, adaptive formulation, and sub dialogues.
508:
require the user to adapt to the system because the system is only able to understand a very limited vocabulary, is not able to react to topic changes, and does not allow the user to influence the dialogue flow. Mixed-initiative is a way to enable the user to have an active part in the dialogue
623:
Personalized service: Conversational agents can leverage internal and external databases to personalise interactions, such as answering questions about account balances, providing portfolio information, delivering frequent flier or membership information, for
147:), is a computer system intended to converse with a human. Dialogue systems employed one or more of text, speech, graphics, haptics, gestures, and other modes for communication on both the input and output channel.
504:(Berg, 2014). It addresses the features of a human-to-human dialogue (e.g. sub dialogues and topic changes) and aims to integrate them into dialogue systems for human-machine interaction. Often,
551:
Although most of these aspects are issues of many different research projects, there is a lack of tools that support the development of dialogue systems addressing these topics. Apart from
186:
What sets of components are included in a dialogue system, and how those components divide up responsibilities differs from system to system. Principal to any dialogue system is the
322:
Dialogue systems fall into the following categories, which are listed here along a few dimensions. Many of the categories overlap and the distinctions may not be well established.
572:
Some authors measure the dialogue system's performance in terms of the percentage of sentences completely right, by comparing the model of sentences (this measure is called
820:
978:
KlĂĽwer, Tina. "From chatbots to dialog systems." Conversational agents and natural language interaction: Techniques and
Effective Practices. IGI Global, 2011. 1-22.
212:
190:, which is a component that manages the state of the dialogue, and dialogue strategy. A typical activity cycle in a dialogue system contains the following phases:
1150:
Crovari; Pidò; Pinoli; Bernasconi; Canakoglu; Garzotto; Ceri (2021), "GeCoAgent: a conversational agent for empowering genomic data extraction and analysis",
207:
272:
588:
Dialogue systems can support a broad range of applications in business enterprises, education, government, healthcare, and entertainment. For example:
555:
that focuses on interactive voice response systems and is the basis for many spoken dialogue systems in industry (customer support applications) and
608:: Facilitating transactions by providing answers and guidance in the sales process, particularly for complex products being sold to novice customers
513:. However, the mere existence of mixed-initiative is not sufficient to be classified as a natural dialogue system. Other important aspects include:
1118:
Bangalore, Srinivas, and
Michael Johnston. "Robust understanding in multimodal interfaces." Computational Linguistics 35.3 (2009): 345-397.
502:"A Natural Dialogue System is a form of dialogue system that tries to improve usability and user satisfaction by imitating human behaviour"
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161:
engages in a sort of dialogue, but it includes very few of the common dialogue system components, and the dialogue state is trivial.
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In some cases, conversational agents can interact with users using artificial characters. These agents are then referred to as
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The elements of a dialogue system are not defined because this idea is under research, however, they are different from
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634:. In this and other industrial telephony applications, the functionality provided by dialogue systems is known as
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Creating natural dialogues/dialogue systems. Supports dialogue acts, mixed initiative, NLG. Implemented in Java.
221:
48:
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1004:
989:
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Berg, Markus M. (2015), "NADIA: A Simplified
Approach Towards the Development of Natural Dialogue Systems",
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Technical support: Responding to technical problems, such as diagnosing a problem with a product or device
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Dialogue systems that are based on a text-only interface (e.g. text-based chat) contain only stages 2–5.
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After dialogue systems based only on written text processing starting from the early
Sixties, the first
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250:, which keeps the history and state of the dialogue and manages the general flow of the conversation.
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Website navigation: Guiding customers to relevant portions of complex websites—a
Website concierge
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Modelling of
Natural Dialogues in the Context of Speech-based Information and Control Systems
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Platform for developing multimodal software applications. Based on State Chart XML (SCXML)
801:
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A survey of current frameworks, languages and technologies for defining dialogue systems.
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Responding to customers' questions about products and services via a company's website or
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create XML-based dialogue files, no need to specify grammars, publications are from 2014
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Hybrid symbolic/statistical framework for spoken dialogue systems, implemented in Java
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1036:& Martin (2009), Speech and language processing. Pearson International Edition,
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Training or education: They can provide problem-solving advice while the user learns
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Support scientist in data manipulation and analysis tasks, for example in genomics.
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Social behaviour (greetings, the same level of formality as the user, politeness)
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602:: Allows agents to type in a customer's question and guide them with a response
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881:"has not reached the level of maturity of VoiceXML in the standards process".
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614:: Responding to internal employee questions, e.g., responding to HR questions
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Simple dialogue systems are widely used to decrease the human workload in
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The user speaks, and the input is converted to plain text by the system's
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1091:, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 9103, pp. 144–150,
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Natural language generation to prevent monotonous and recurring prompts
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on a website - an example where dialogue systems are major components
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Over-informativeness (give more information than has been asked for)
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Possibilities to correct information that has already been given
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Advanced algorithms and architectures for speech understanding
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Language/Engine for creating natural language software agents
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848:, then administered by an industry consortium and finally a
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Complete framework for implementing spoken dialogue systems
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XML dialect for creating natural language software agents
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Understand references by analysing discourse and anaphora
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1008:, Vol. 1. Springer Science & Business Media, 2013.
990:
The conversational interface: Talking to smart devices
739:
A state-based speech interface prototyping environment
987:
McTear, Michael, Zoraida
Callejas, and David Griol,
1089:
Natural
Language Processing and Information Systems
257:
s, that have knowledge of the specific task domain.
253:Usually, the dialogue manager contacts one or more
51:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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783:out-of-box support of mixed-initiative dialogues
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260:The dialogue manager produces output using an
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769:Complete multilingual framework for building
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475:to certain ideas, incidents, or controversies
1152:ACM Transactions on Computing for Healthcare
1137:The Practical Handbook of Internet Computing
1047:
246:The semantic information is analysed by the
1128:Lester, J.; Branting, K.; Mott, B. (2004),
547:Quality of speech recognition and synthesis
451:
178:automated agenda and train tables service.
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485:this issue before removing this message.
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1022:A prototype performance evaluation report
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284:Finally, the output is rendered using an
111:Learn how and when to remove this message
541:Adaptive and situation-aware formulation
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16:Computer system to converse with a human
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936:dialogue engine and dialogue modelling
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743:OGI School of Science and Engineering
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455:
49:adding citations to reliable sources
20:
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1065:Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft AKA
1024:, Sundial work package 8000 (1993).
871:Multimodal dialogue markup language
841:Multimodal dialogue markup language
479:create a more balanced presentation
317:
13:
1200:Creating a Dynamic Speech Dialogue
1191:
698:Richard Wallace, Pandorabots, Inc.
173:dialogue system was issued by the
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1260:Natural-language user interfaces
520:Support of implicit confirmation
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771:natural language user interface
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523:Usage of verification questions
225:(NLU) unit, which may include:
36:needs additional citations for
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1:
1283:Conversational user interface
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7:
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202:automatic speech recogniser
10:
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1158:, ACM New York, NY: 1–29,
914:Domain-independent toolkit
797:Carnegie Mellon University
766:Domain-independent toolkit
653:Toolkits and architectures
636:interactive voice response
268:natural language generator
229:Proper Name identification
219:The text is analysed by a
129:automated online assistant
1397:Multimodal user interface
1387:Text-based user interface
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1303:Graphical user interfaces
1301:
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858:primarily for telephony.
574:Concept Sentence Accuracy
506:(spoken) dialogue systems
1057:Berg, Markus M. (2014),
517:Adaptivity of the system
452:Natural dialogue systems
343:graphical user interface
196:input recogniser/decoder
1339:Tangible user interface
1130:"Conversational Agents"
1002:Giancarlo Pirani (ed),
892:Development Environment
844:Developed initially by
821:Ponvia Technology, Inc.
598:Customer service agent
559:that is famous for the
357:telephone-based systems
1418:Multimodal interaction
1392:Natural user interface
1316:Zooming user interface
578:Sentence Understanding
338:spoken dialogue system
234:part-of-speech tagging
213:handwriting recogniser
132:
1380:Other user interfaces
1326:Touch user interfaces
1278:Voice user interfaces
1204:VDM Verlag Dr. MĂĽller
1198:Will, Thomas (2007).
288:, which may include:
264:, which may include:
198:, which may include:
126:
1139:, Chapman & Hall
1020:Alberto Ciaramella,
141:conversational agent
45:improve this article
1428:Systems engineering
1371:Positional tracking
814:Multimodal Platform
511:answering questions
405:virtual environment
238:Syntactic/semantic
1349:3D user interfaces
921:University of Oslo
897:Company bought by
208:gesture recogniser
133:
1405:
1404:
1288:Virtual assistant
1213:978-3-8364-4990-8
1106:978-3-319-19580-3
1074:978-3-89838-508-4
1042:978-0-13-504196-3
993:, Springer, 2016.
951:
950:
532:Support negations
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477:. Please help to
469:This section may
439:system initiative
273:gesture generator
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60:"Dialogue system"
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509:instead of only
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445:mixed initiative
427:natural language
318:Types of systems
262:output generator
248:dialogue manager
188:dialogue manager
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34:This article
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23:
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1293:Voice search
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1044:, Chapter 24
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974:
754:publications
733:CSLU Toolkit
723:Bruce Wilcox
656:
644:
632:call centers
587:
584:Applications
577:
573:
571:
550:
501:
500:
487:
473:undue weight
470:
321:
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298:talking head
294:engine (TTS)
285:
261:
255:task manager
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55:
43:Please help
38:verification
35:
18:
1334:Multi-touch
762:NLUI Server
675:Environment
672:Affiliation
669:Description
666:System type
568:Performance
348:multi-modal
1412:Categories
966:References
714:Chatterbot
709:ChatScript
689:Chatterbot
561:A.L.I.C.E.
354:by device
333:text-based
182:Components
165:Background
71:newspapers
1357:Augmented
1182:245855725
887:Quack.com
875:Microsoft
835:Voice XML
777:LinguaSys
746:M. McTear
678:Comments
612:Help desk
414:by style
101:June 2022
1034:Jurafsky
954:See also
910:OpenDial
846:AT&T
810:Nextnova
748:Ron Cole
716:language
691:language
553:VoiceXML
490:May 2017
382:systems
328:modality
171:speaking
1311:Widgets
1268:Chatbot
855:Example
788:Olympus
773:systems
638:or IVR.
624:example
483:resolve
423:-driven
392:systems
390:browser
376:desktop
372:systems
363:systems
152:chatbot
85:scholar
1210:
1180:
1103:
1071:
1040:
889:- QXML
409:robots
385:native
380:laptop
307:avatar
240:parser
159:wizard
87:
80:
73:
66:
58:
1178:S2CID
1133:(PDF)
932:NADIA
471:lend
370:robot
303:robot
204:(ASR)
175:DARPA
139:, or
92:JSTOR
78:books
1359:and
1208:ISBN
1101:ISBN
1069:ISBN
1038:ISBN
864:SALT
832:VXML
684:AIML
557:AIML
421:menu
64:news
1168:hdl
1160:doi
1093:doi
899:AOL
850:W3C
580:).
576:or
403:in-
395:in-
388:in-
361:PDA
326:by
305:or
156:GUI
127:An
47:by
1414::
1206:.
1202:.
1176:,
1166:,
1154:,
1135:,
1099:,
1067:,
1063:,
1049:^
1013:^
649:.
145:CA
135:A
1244:e
1237:t
1230:v
1216:.
1170::
1162::
1156:3
1095::
492:)
488:(
378:/
143:(
114:)
108:(
103:)
99:(
89:·
82:·
75:·
68:·
41:.
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