1143:
1248:
1043:. It originated in the convergence of the most liberal faction of the moderate right and the moderate wing of the democratic left. The party included men from heterogeneous cultural, class, and ideological backgrounds, ranging from British-American individualist liberalism to Neo-Hegelian liberalism as well as liberal-conservatives, from strict secularists to more religiously-oriented reformists. Few prime ministers after 1852 were party men; instead they accepted support where they could find it, and even the governments of the Historical Right during the 1860s included leftists in some capacity.
3012:
952:
210:
1424:
964:
2126:
2089:
2052:
2015:
1978:
1941:
1904:
1867:
1830:
1793:
1756:
1719:
1682:
1645:
1608:
1401:, together with dissident members from the Right, put the government into a minority because of the tax on grains' question, which damaged the rural economy. Ironically, many Right politicians who sided now with Left were from the North. Since this moment, the Right fell into opposition and
1305:
and high taxation. The taxes, especially the tax on grains, were unpopular among the rural and middle classes. As a result, the Right progressively lost its support. With that, the Right was split, with the original
Northern liberals supporting the taxation and the newly arrived Southern
1289:. Fearing a democratic revolution, Cavour became near to the new Right group in the Italian Parliament and led it until his premature death in June 1861. The Cavourian policies were partially continued by his successors aligned with the Right group like Luigi Farini,
1441:
would be accepted into his government. Surprisingly, Minghetti agreed with this, causing various individuals in the Right to join the Left. After this event, the rest of the anti-compromise Right was called the
3000:
1509:
to the United
Kingdom. Constitutional politicians like Luzzatti and Sonnino later formed their own governments, but they were short, and were weakened by the newborn
1505:, a powerful rising socialist protest in Sicily, but also several nationalist groups. After two years, Rudinì was ousted from office after his unpopular ceding of
1309:
In the 1870s, in a time of rising tensions inside the Right governments, the group split into different factions for specific goals and territorial composition:
817:
3170:
1239:. D'Azeglio was forced to resign in November 1852 and Cavour was appointed by the King as the new prime minister, ending the Sardinian phase of the Right.
2993:
3175:
1169:
2193:
3261:
994:
3256:
2986:
2978:
3165:
2956:
754:
3236:
1454:. The Constitutionals were not a structured and organized party, but simply a coalition of both Northern and Southern conservatives like
3231:
3246:
2409:
1039:
during the second half of the 19th century. After 1876, the
Historical Right constituted the Constitutional opposition toward the
3251:
1451:
76:
3201:
2278:
Campanelli, Giuseppe; Carducci, Michele; Tondi Della Mura, Vincenzo; Loiodice, Isabella (2 December 2016). Giappichelli (ed.).
3266:
3241:
3221:
3216:
1157:
368:
3206:
1443:
1414:
784:
764:
739:
2455:
2323:
987:
1433:
After the fall of
Minghetti, the Right progressively saw splits and disbanded. On 8 October 1882, some weeks before the
3180:
3160:
1517:
in 1913, a political alliance between various liberal politicians, many of whom were previously opposed to each other.
1168:
that tried to unify Italy as a federation of states. As the Right dominated the
Parliament, D'Azeglio was appointed as
171:
3226:
2966:
2905:
2861:
2776:
2695:
2544:
2519:
2486:
2419:
2352:
2289:
2245:
2218:
2878:
2235:
2208:
1473:
After ten years in opposition, the
Constitutionals gained the majority thanks to an agreement with dissident Left
759:
563:
543:
3008:
3211:
3143:
2829:
1251:
1204:
1193:
980:
191:
56:
17:
2712:
2793:
2105:
2068:
2031:
1994:
1957:
1920:
1883:
1846:
1809:
1772:
1735:
1698:
1661:
1624:
1587:
1555:
1434:
2937:
2060:
2023:
1986:
1949:
1912:
1265:. Cavour, who was Prime Minister of Sardinia since November 1852 with brief interruptions, became the first
1513:
and the first organized political parties. The awareness of that forced the
Constitutionals to join in the
1340:
117:
1142:
2612:
2608:
1528:
1173:
807:
3042:
1189:
434:
1247:
2533:
Sarti, Roland (2009). "The
Politics of the Liberal State (1861-1901)". In Infobase Publishing (ed.).
1498:
1298:
1212:
769:
234:
2634:
1318:
924:
300:
1579:
1510:
1274:
1266:
1216:
891:
832:
330:
126:
1497:. Rudinì was recalled in office after the political fall of Crispi, following the defeat in the
1176:. However, there were tensions inside the group caused by D'Azeglio's assertiveness towards the
1494:
1165:
827:
822:
707:
573:
272:
2437:
Una voce per l'Opposizione
Costituzionale di Sua MaestĂ : Alle origini del "Giornale d'Italia"
1514:
1418:
1185:
779:
734:
255:
155:
110:
1367:
1161:
1146:
1114:
1106:
850:
553:
239:
134:
122:
51:
2647:
1223:
In May 1852, Cavour and his supporters left the Right group and moved toward the moderate
8:
3053:
1231:. The duo Rattazzi–Cavour made an alliance (pejoratively called "a marriage"), forming a
1197:
1153:
1036:
1032:
956:
870:
712:
702:
583:
260:
229:
2560:
2747:
2513:
2390:
1616:
1486:
1286:
1208:
1077:
934:
919:
896:
865:
812:
696:
665:
454:
246:
176:
145:
2962:
2901:
2857:
2772:
2751:
2691:
2540:
2482:
2415:
2394:
2348:
2285:
2241:
2214:
1485:. During his short government, overthrown after one year, Rudinì worked to reduce to
1478:
1474:
1402:
1282:
1102:
1088:
929:
686:
645:
630:
610:
489:
469:
166:
2730:
Ragazzoni, David (2019). "Silvio
Spaventa and Marco Minghetti on party government".
2739:
2660:
2382:
2237:
States, Debt, and Power: 'Saints' and 'Sinners' in European History and Integration
1653:
1482:
1463:
1359:
1290:
1258:
1024:
1012:
876:
774:
650:
615:
605:
514:
479:
474:
459:
393:
320:
305:
61:
2743:
2684:
Merlini, Stefano; Tarli Barbieri, Giovanni (11 January 2017). Giappichelli (ed.).
3098:
2851:
2812:
2766:
2685:
2664:
2534:
2503:
2476:
2342:
2306:
2279:
2262:
2161:
2097:
1875:
1838:
1801:
1764:
1727:
1502:
1427:
1398:
1394:
1374:
1314:
1294:
1228:
1224:
1180:
and the King. The tensions caused the group to split into two separate factions:
1177:
1122:
1040:
744:
691:
625:
620:
524:
499:
494:
388:
345:
199:
130:
71:
3087:
2670:
2475:
Emilio Gentile (2003). "1. Il governo del generale Pelloux". In Laterza (ed.).
2134:
1690:
1459:
1455:
1447:
1336:
1262:
1110:
1059:
655:
635:
509:
439:
383:
373:
295:
265:
81:
66:
2386:
3195:
1467:
1438:
1329:
1325:
1278:
1118:
1072:
722:
660:
640:
519:
504:
484:
464:
335:
1321:
1270:
1092:
1081:
968:
855:
749:
449:
444:
405:
398:
350:
224:
2277:
901:
2411:
Nations and Nationalism: A Global Historical Overview [4 volumes]
1490:
1352:
1125:. In the last decades of its history, the Right was often referred to as
1097:
1051:
1047:
886:
860:
325:
315:
310:
290:
2373:
Donovan, Mark; Newell, James L. (2008). "Centrism in Italian politics".
2179:
Conservatori senza partito. Un tentativo fallito nell'Italia giolittiana
1397:
was forced to resign after the so-called Parliamentary Revolution. The
1386:
1348:
1067:
1055:
802:
414:
340:
138:
2922:
1302:
881:
717:
2163:
Un esperimento liberal-conservatore: i governi di Rudinì (1896-1898)
2460:
1481:
and Rudinì was charged to form a new government in substitution of
1382:
1378:
1344:
1281:
refused to recognize the new government, but instead recognize the
1232:
1063:
151:
1423:
209:
2768:
God in Freedom: Studies in the Relations Between Church and State
2635:"La politica del "connubio"; Cavour primo ministro - MuseoTorino"
1506:
1363:
1297:. Starting in 1861, the Right's government pursued a policy of a
1085:
2344:
Il mito dello Stato nuovo: Dal radicalismo nazionale al fascismo
1405:, leader of the Left, was appointed as the new prime minister.
1446:
or "Constitutional opposition" led by former Finance Minister
1437:, Depretis proclaimed that anyone who was willing to become a
1269:. During the first year after unification, Cavour became more
2536:
Italy: A Reference Guide from the Renaissance to the Present
2308:
L'Ideologia della borghesia industriale nell'Italia liberale
2210:
Italy: A Reference Guide from the Renaissance to the Present
1215:, who supported the expropriation of the Church's goods, a
1306:
conservatives who opposed the modernization and taxation.
2281:
Lineamenti di diritto costituzionale della regione Puglia
2176:
1501:. During this second term, Rudinì worked to repress the
1160:, established in 1849. The Right was at the time led by
1035:
groups of the 20th century, was an Italian conservative
2478:
Le origini dell'Italia contemporanea: L'etĂ giolittiana
1219:
and French intervention to achieve Italian unification.
1196:, who supported compromises with the Church and a slow
2576:
2574:
2683:
1076:
policies while on social issues it favoured a strong
1046:
The Right represented the interests of the Northern
2811:Tavallini, Enrico (1887). L. Roux & Co. (ed.).
2666:
Storia d'Italia: Gli anni della destra, (1861-1876)
2609:"Discorsi parlamentari del conte Camillo di Cavour"
2571:
2505:Storia d'Italia: Gli anni della destra (1861-1876)
2408:Herb, Guntram H.; Kaplan, David H. (22 May 2008).
2261:Gramsci, Antonio (1966). Gramsci Institute (ed.).
2159:
1389:and those favourable to cooperation with the Left.
1370:. Hostile to Minghetti, but vague toward the Left.
2177:Umberto Gentiloni Silveri (2000). Stadium (ed.).
1466:who rejected perceived opportunism and Depretis'
3193:
2895:
2659:
2954:
1152:The origins of the Historical Right are in the
2474:
2439:(in Italian). Contemporanea. pp. 699–712.
2155:
2153:
1242:
2994:
2920:
2372:
988:
412:
403:
244:
3171:Early 20th-century Italian political parties
2711:Gherardi, Raffaella (2010). Treccani (ed.).
2450:
2448:
2446:
1408:
1109:, primarily aiming for an alliance with the
755:Italian Democratic Party of Monarchist Unity
2765:Luzzatti, Luigi (2006). Cosimo, Inc (ed.).
2150:
1366:parochialism, favourable to liberalism and
1031:) by historians to distinguish it from the
3001:
2987:
2961:(in Italian). Guida Editori. p. 386.
2792:Montaldo, Silvano (2004). Treccani (ed.).
2501:
2407:
2368:
2366:
2364:
1493:sentiment and keep Italy aligned with the
1328:, moderate liberalism, and alignment with
1066:. On economic issues, the Right supported
995:
981:
2877:Ambrosoli, Luigi (1983). Treccani (ed.).
2876:
2810:
2729:
2502:Montanelli, Indro (1977). Rizzoli (ed.).
2443:
3262:Political parties disestablished in 1913
2845:
2843:
2828:Manfredi, Marco (2015). Treccani (ed.).
2827:
2791:
2764:
2710:
2553:
2321:
2304:
1422:
1246:
1141:
2361:
2341:Gentile, Emilio (1982). Laterza (ed.).
2340:
2260:
2160:Mario Belardinelli (1976). ELIA (ed.).
1164:, who was also a representative of the
14:
3194:
3016:19th-century political groups in Italy
2938:"Antonio Starrabba marchese di Rudinì"
2850:Leoni, Francesco (2001). Guida (ed.).
2606:
2434:
3257:Political parties established in 1849
3176:1950s–1990s Italian political parties
3115:
3070:
3025:
2982:
2849:
2840:
2532:
2233:
2206:
1217:lesser role of the King in government
1184:The Conservatives, led by D'Azeglio,
369:1946 Italian institutional referendum
27:Historical political faction in Italy
3166:Historical Italian political parties
2958:Storia dei partiti politici italiani
2883:Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani
2853:Storia dei partiti politici italiani
2834:Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani
2798:Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani
2717:Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani
2191:
1520:
1452:Antonio Starabba, Marquess of Rudinì
1415:Liberal Constitutional Party (Italy)
2814:La vita e i tempi di Giovanni Lanza
24:
3237:Defunct political parties in Italy
3161:List of political parties in Italy
25:
3278:
3181:Current Italian political parties
2732:Journal of Modern Italian Studies
2687:Il governo parlamentare in Italia
1393:On 25 March 1876, Prime Minister
3010:
2648:XII/elenco "Camera dei deputati"
2125:
2124:
2088:
2087:
2051:
2050:
2014:
2013:
1977:
1976:
1940:
1939:
1903:
1902:
1866:
1865:
1829:
1828:
1792:
1791:
1755:
1754:
1718:
1717:
1681:
1680:
1644:
1643:
1607:
1606:
1054:. Its members were mostly large
962:
950:
208:
3247:1913 disestablishments in Italy
2948:
2930:
2914:
2889:
2870:
2821:
2804:
2785:
2758:
2723:
2704:
2677:
2653:
2641:
2627:
2600:
2587:
2526:
2495:
2468:
2428:
2401:
2334:
1257:In 1861, Italy was united as a
760:Italian Nationalist Association
564:Revolt Against the Modern World
544:The Rise and Fall of the Elites
3252:Centre-right parties in Europe
3116:
2315:
2298:
2271:
2254:
2227:
2200:
2185:
2170:
1335:The Piedmontese clique led by
1117:, but sometimes also with the
1084:and during the Cavour era the
13:
1:
3202:Conservative parties in Italy
3071:
2744:10.1080/1354571X.2019.1573023
2518:: CS1 maint: date and year (
2143:
1373:The Lombardian clique led by
3267:Right-wing parties in Europe
3242:1849 establishments in Italy
3232:Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946)
3222:Liberal conservative parties
3217:Conservative liberal parties
3026:
2669:(in Italian). Vol. 32.
2613:Chamber of Deputies of Italy
1444:Liberal Constitutional Party
1341:Gustavo Ponza di San Martino
1324:, in addition to supporting
765:Liberal Constitutional Party
740:Conservatives and Reformists
7:
3207:Monarchist parties in Italy
2898:Storia dell'Italia liberale
1243:Unification and governments
808:Foundation for Subsidiarity
10:
3283:
2061:Antonio Starabba di Rudinì
2024:Antonio Starabba di Rudinì
1987:Antonio Starabba di Rudinì
1950:Antonio Starabba di Rudinì
1913:Antonio Starabba di Rudinì
1412:
1313:The Emilian clique led by
1170:Prime Minister of Sardinia
1137:
1132:
1062:and people related to the
77:Antonio Starabba di Rudinì
3156:
3122:
3111:
3077:
3066:
3032:
3021:
2896:Fulvio Cammarano (2011).
2456:"Destra storica italiana"
2387:10.1080/13532940802367554
2324:"Destra storica italiana"
1549:
1537:
1534:
1527:
1499:First Italo-Ethiopian War
1409:Constitutional opposition
1358:The Tuscan clique led by
1347:parochialism, supporting
1127:Constitutional Opposition
1101:policy of abstention. In
785:People's Monarchist Party
770:Monarchist National Party
235:Italian school of elitism
162:
144:
116:
106:
98:
90:
44:
32:
3227:Liberal parties in Italy
2955:Francesco Leoni (2001).
2305:Baglioni, Guido (1973).
1546:
1543:
1540:
1381:parochialism along with
301:Catholic social teaching
190:This article is part of
2435:Pirett (October 1999).
2311:. Einaudi. p. 191.
2234:Dyson, Kenneth (2014).
1580:Camillo Benso di Cavour
1511:Italian Socialist Party
1267:Prime Minister of Italy
1174:King Victor Emmanuel II
957:Conservatism portal
146:Political position
127:Conservative liberalism
57:Camillo Benso di Cavour
3144:Conservative Catholics
2921:
2322:Treccani, ed. (2010).
2207:Sarti, Roland (2009).
1450:and Interior Minister
1430:
1254:
1149:
1028:
1016:
823:Magna Carta Foundation
574:The Rage and the Pride
413:
404:
245:
3212:Conservatism in Italy
2584:, Bari, 2004, p. 213.
1426:
1419:Liberal Union (Italy)
1413:Further information:
1250:
1203:The Liberals, led by
1145:
1105:, their goal was the
925:Immigrant criminality
780:The People of Freedom
256:Political Catholicism
201:Conservatism in Italy
2597:, Bari, 2000, p. 74.
2565:Encilopedia Treccani
2328:Dizionario di Storia
1158:Sardinian Parliament
1107:unification of Italy
892:L'Italia settimanale
554:The Mind and Society
240:Liberal conservatism
135:Classical liberalism
123:Liberal conservatism
3054:Historical Far Left
2927:historical archive.
2464:(in Italian). 2010.
2194:"La Destra storica"
1529:Chamber of Deputies
1489:, limit the rising
1252:The Count of Cavour
1198:Italian unification
1037:parliamentary group
871:Corriere della Sera
713:Monarchist Alliance
703:Identity and Action
584:The Force of Reason
261:Christian democracy
230:Italian nationalism
2830:"Ubaldino Peruzzi"
2561:"Partito Moderato"
1617:Alfonso La Marmora
1487:public expenditure
1431:
1301:, maintained with
1287:Giuseppe Garibaldi
1255:
1209:Luigi Carlo Farini
1194:Carlo Bon Compagni
1150:
1078:central government
920:European New Right
818:Machiavelli Center
813:Liberal Foundation
735:Common Man's Front
697:Future and Freedom
3189:
3188:
3152:
3151:
3107:
3106:
3062:
3061:
2879:"Cesare Correnti"
2713:"Marco Minghetti"
2141:
2140:
1521:Electoral results
1479:Felice Cavallotti
1475:Giovanni Nicotera
1435:general elections
1403:Agostino Depretis
1377:representing the
1235:group called the
1213:Giovanni Galvagno
1166:moderate movement
1162:Massimo d'Azeglio
1147:Massimo D'Azeglio
1103:foreign relations
1089:Law of Guarantees
1050:and the Southern
1005:
1004:
930:Politics of Italy
687:Brothers of Italy
185:
184:
172:Political parties
167:Politics of Italy
52:Massimo d'Azeglio
16:(Redirected from
3274:
3142:
3140:
3133:Historical Right
3131:
3129:
3113:
3112:
3097:
3095:
3086:
3084:
3068:
3067:
3052:
3050:
3041:
3039:
3023:
3022:
3015:
3014:
3013:
3003:
2996:
2989:
2980:
2979:
2973:
2972:
2952:
2946:
2945:
2934:
2928:
2926:
2918:
2912:
2911:
2893:
2887:
2886:
2874:
2868:
2867:
2847:
2838:
2837:
2825:
2819:
2818:
2808:
2802:
2801:
2794:"Giovanni Lanza"
2789:
2783:
2782:
2762:
2756:
2755:
2727:
2721:
2720:
2708:
2702:
2701:
2681:
2675:
2674:
2661:Indro Montanelli
2657:
2651:
2645:
2639:
2638:
2631:
2625:
2624:
2622:
2620:
2604:
2598:
2591:
2585:
2578:
2569:
2568:
2557:
2551:
2550:
2530:
2524:
2523:
2517:
2509:
2499:
2493:
2492:
2472:
2466:
2465:
2452:
2441:
2440:
2432:
2426:
2425:
2405:
2399:
2398:
2370:
2359:
2358:
2338:
2332:
2331:
2319:
2313:
2312:
2302:
2296:
2295:
2275:
2269:
2268:
2258:
2252:
2251:
2231:
2225:
2224:
2204:
2198:
2197:
2192:Di Mauro, Luca.
2189:
2183:
2182:
2174:
2168:
2167:
2157:
2128:
2127:
2119:
2091:
2090:
2082:
2054:
2053:
2045:
2017:
2016:
2008:
1980:
1979:
1971:
1943:
1942:
1934:
1906:
1905:
1897:
1869:
1868:
1860:
1832:
1831:
1823:
1795:
1794:
1786:
1758:
1757:
1749:
1721:
1720:
1712:
1684:
1683:
1675:
1654:Bettino Ricasoli
1647:
1646:
1638:
1610:
1609:
1601:
1569:
1525:
1524:
1483:Francesco Crispi
1464:Pasquale Villari
1360:Ubaldino Peruzzi
1291:Bettino Ricasoli
1041:left governments
1021:Historical Right
1019:), later called
997:
990:
983:
969:Italy portal
967:
966:
965:
955:
954:
953:
775:New Centre-Right
589:
579:
569:
559:
549:
418:
409:
394:Kingdom of Italy
379:Historical Right
306:Christian values
250:
212:
202:
187:
186:
158:
107:Merged into
62:Bettino Ricasoli
35:Historical Right
30:
29:
21:
3282:
3281:
3277:
3276:
3275:
3273:
3272:
3271:
3192:
3191:
3190:
3185:
3148:
3138:
3137:
3127:
3126:
3118:
3103:
3099:Historical Left
3093:
3092:
3082:
3081:
3073:
3058:
3048:
3047:
3037:
3036:
3028:
3017:
3011:
3009:
3007:
2977:
2976:
2969:
2953:
2949:
2936:
2935:
2931:
2919:
2915:
2908:
2894:
2890:
2875:
2871:
2864:
2856:. p. 117.
2848:
2841:
2836:. Vol. 82.
2826:
2822:
2809:
2805:
2800:. Vol. 63.
2790:
2786:
2779:
2771:. p. 420.
2763:
2759:
2728:
2724:
2719:. Vol. 74.
2709:
2705:
2698:
2682:
2678:
2658:
2654:
2646:
2642:
2633:
2632:
2628:
2618:
2616:
2607:Cavour (1865).
2605:
2601:
2592:
2588:
2579:
2572:
2559:
2558:
2554:
2547:
2531:
2527:
2511:
2510:
2508:. Vol. 32.
2500:
2496:
2489:
2473:
2469:
2454:
2453:
2444:
2433:
2429:
2422:
2406:
2402:
2371:
2362:
2355:
2339:
2335:
2320:
2316:
2303:
2299:
2292:
2284:. p. 188.
2276:
2272:
2259:
2255:
2248:
2240:. p. 223.
2232:
2228:
2221:
2213:. p. 537.
2205:
2201:
2190:
2186:
2175:
2171:
2158:
2151:
2146:
2137:
2130:
2120:
2117:
2100:
2098:Tommaso Tittoni
2093:
2083:
2080:
2063:
2056:
2046:
2043:
2026:
2019:
2009:
2006:
1989:
1982:
1972:
1969:
1952:
1945:
1935:
1932:
1915:
1908:
1898:
1895:
1878:
1876:Silvio Spaventa
1871:
1861:
1858:
1841:
1839:Marco Minghetti
1834:
1824:
1821:
1804:
1802:Marco Minghetti
1797:
1787:
1784:
1767:
1765:Marco Minghetti
1760:
1750:
1747:
1730:
1728:Marco Minghetti
1723:
1713:
1710:
1703:156,784 (1st)
1693:
1686:
1676:
1673:
1656:
1649:
1639:
1636:
1619:
1612:
1602:
1599:
1582:
1575:
1570:
1567:
1523:
1495:Triple Alliance
1428:Marco Minghetti
1421:
1411:
1395:Marco Minghetti
1375:Cesare Correnti
1355:foreign policy.
1351:and a moderate
1315:Marco Minghetti
1299:balanced budget
1295:Marco Minghetti
1245:
1229:Urbano Rattazzi
1178:Catholic Church
1156:faction of the
1140:
1135:
1123:Austria-Hungary
1001:
963:
961:
951:
949:
942:
941:
915:
907:
906:
846:
838:
837:
833:The Republicans
798:
790:
789:
745:Direction Italy
692:Coraggio Italia
679:
671:
670:
601:
593:
592:
587:
577:
567:
557:
547:
538:
530:
529:
430:
422:
421:
389:Italian fascism
364:
356:
355:
346:Property rights
321:Italian culture
286:
278:
277:
220:
200:
181:
150:
137:
133:
129:
125:
86:
72:Marco Minghetti
40:
39:
36:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3280:
3270:
3269:
3264:
3259:
3254:
3249:
3244:
3239:
3234:
3229:
3224:
3219:
3214:
3209:
3204:
3187:
3186:
3184:
3183:
3178:
3173:
3168:
3163:
3157:
3154:
3153:
3150:
3149:
3147:
3146:
3135:
3123:
3120:
3119:
3109:
3108:
3105:
3104:
3102:
3101:
3090:
3088:Dissident Left
3078:
3075:
3074:
3064:
3063:
3060:
3059:
3057:
3056:
3045:
3033:
3030:
3029:
3019:
3018:
3006:
3005:
2998:
2991:
2983:
2975:
2974:
2967:
2947:
2929:
2913:
2906:
2888:
2885:. Vol. 3.
2869:
2862:
2839:
2820:
2817:. Vol. 2.
2803:
2784:
2777:
2757:
2738:(2): 293–323.
2722:
2703:
2696:
2690:. p. 34.
2676:
2652:
2640:
2626:
2599:
2586:
2582:Vita di Cavour
2570:
2552:
2545:
2525:
2494:
2487:
2467:
2442:
2427:
2420:
2400:
2381:(4): 381–397.
2360:
2353:
2333:
2314:
2297:
2290:
2270:
2267:. p. 703.
2253:
2246:
2226:
2219:
2199:
2184:
2169:
2148:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2139:
2138:
2135:Sidney Sonnino
2133:
2131:
2123:
2121:
2116:
2114:
2111:
2110:108,029 (4th)
2108:
2102:
2101:
2096:
2094:
2086:
2084:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2073:212,584 (3rd)
2071:
2065:
2064:
2059:
2057:
2049:
2047:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2036:271,698 (2nd)
2034:
2028:
2027:
2022:
2020:
2012:
2010:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1999:242,090 (2nd)
1997:
1991:
1990:
1985:
1983:
1975:
1973:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1962:263,315 (2nd)
1960:
1954:
1953:
1948:
1946:
1938:
1936:
1931:
1929:
1926:
1925:309,873 (2nd)
1923:
1917:
1916:
1911:
1909:
1901:
1899:
1894:
1892:
1889:
1888:138,854 (2nd)
1886:
1880:
1879:
1874:
1872:
1864:
1862:
1857:
1855:
1852:
1851:399,295 (2nd)
1849:
1843:
1842:
1837:
1835:
1827:
1825:
1820:
1818:
1815:
1814:353,693 (2nd)
1812:
1806:
1805:
1800:
1798:
1790:
1788:
1783:
1781:
1778:
1777:135,797 (2nd)
1775:
1769:
1768:
1763:
1761:
1753:
1751:
1746:
1744:
1741:
1738:
1732:
1731:
1726:
1724:
1716:
1714:
1709:
1707:
1704:
1701:
1695:
1694:
1691:Giovanni Lanza
1689:
1687:
1679:
1677:
1672:
1670:
1667:
1666:110,525 (1st)
1664:
1658:
1657:
1652:
1650:
1642:
1640:
1635:
1633:
1630:
1627:
1621:
1620:
1615:
1613:
1605:
1603:
1598:
1596:
1593:
1592:114,208 (1st)
1590:
1584:
1583:
1578:
1576:
1573:
1571:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1560:110,400 (1st)
1558:
1552:
1551:
1548:
1545:
1542:
1539:
1536:
1535:Election year
1532:
1531:
1522:
1519:
1503:Sicilian Fasci
1460:Luigi Luzzatti
1456:Sidney Sonnino
1448:Quintino Sella
1410:
1407:
1391:
1390:
1371:
1356:
1337:Giovanni Lanza
1333:
1263:House of Savoy
1244:
1241:
1221:
1220:
1201:
1186:Luigi Cibrario
1139:
1136:
1134:
1131:
1111:British Empire
1060:industrialists
1029:Destra storica
1003:
1002:
1000:
999:
992:
985:
977:
974:
973:
972:
971:
959:
944:
943:
940:
939:
938:
937:
927:
922:
916:
913:
912:
909:
908:
905:
904:
899:
894:
889:
884:
879:
874:
868:
863:
858:
853:
847:
844:
843:
840:
839:
836:
835:
830:
825:
820:
815:
810:
805:
799:
796:
795:
792:
791:
788:
787:
782:
777:
772:
767:
762:
757:
752:
747:
742:
737:
726:
725:
720:
715:
710:
705:
699:
694:
689:
680:
677:
676:
673:
672:
669:
668:
663:
658:
653:
648:
643:
638:
633:
628:
623:
618:
613:
608:
602:
599:
598:
595:
594:
591:
590:
580:
570:
560:
550:
539:
536:
535:
532:
531:
528:
527:
522:
517:
512:
507:
502:
497:
492:
487:
482:
477:
472:
467:
462:
457:
452:
447:
442:
437:
431:
428:
427:
424:
423:
420:
419:
410:
401:
396:
391:
386:
384:Italian Empire
381:
376:
374:Black nobility
371:
365:
362:
361:
358:
357:
354:
353:
348:
343:
338:
333:
328:
323:
318:
313:
308:
303:
298:
296:Anti-communism
293:
287:
284:
283:
280:
279:
276:
275:
270:
269:
268:
266:Ultramontanism
263:
253:
252:
251:
237:
232:
227:
221:
218:
217:
214:
213:
205:
204:
196:
195:
183:
182:
180:
179:
174:
169:
163:
160:
159:
148:
142:
141:
120:
114:
113:
108:
104:
103:
100:
96:
95:
92:
88:
87:
85:
84:
82:Sidney Sonnino
79:
74:
69:
67:Giovanni Lanza
64:
59:
54:
48:
46:
42:
41:
38:Destra storica
37:
34:
33:
26:
18:Destra storica
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3279:
3268:
3265:
3263:
3260:
3258:
3255:
3253:
3250:
3248:
3245:
3243:
3240:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3230:
3228:
3225:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3199:
3197:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3158:
3155:
3145:
3136:
3134:
3125:
3124:
3121:
3114:
3110:
3100:
3091:
3089:
3080:
3079:
3076:
3069:
3065:
3055:
3046:
3044:
3035:
3034:
3031:
3024:
3020:
3004:
2999:
2997:
2992:
2990:
2985:
2984:
2981:
2970:
2968:9788871884950
2964:
2960:
2959:
2951:
2943:
2939:
2933:
2925:
2924:
2917:
2909:
2907:9788842095996
2903:
2899:
2892:
2884:
2880:
2873:
2865:
2863:9788871884950
2859:
2855:
2854:
2846:
2844:
2835:
2831:
2824:
2816:
2815:
2807:
2799:
2795:
2788:
2780:
2778:9781596054486
2774:
2770:
2769:
2761:
2753:
2749:
2745:
2741:
2737:
2733:
2726:
2718:
2714:
2707:
2699:
2697:9788892105478
2693:
2689:
2688:
2680:
2672:
2668:
2667:
2662:
2656:
2649:
2644:
2636:
2630:
2615:. p. 355
2614:
2610:
2603:
2596:
2590:
2583:
2577:
2575:
2566:
2562:
2556:
2548:
2546:9780816074747
2542:
2538:
2537:
2529:
2521:
2515:
2507:
2506:
2498:
2490:
2488:9788858118290
2484:
2480:
2479:
2471:
2463:
2462:
2457:
2451:
2449:
2447:
2438:
2431:
2423:
2421:9781851099085
2417:
2413:
2412:
2404:
2396:
2392:
2388:
2384:
2380:
2376:
2369:
2367:
2365:
2356:
2354:9788858121498
2350:
2346:
2345:
2337:
2329:
2325:
2318:
2310:
2309:
2301:
2293:
2291:9788834847916
2287:
2283:
2282:
2274:
2266:
2265:
2264:Studi storici
2257:
2249:
2247:9780191023477
2243:
2239:
2238:
2230:
2222:
2220:9780816074747
2216:
2212:
2211:
2203:
2196:. Oilproject.
2195:
2188:
2180:
2173:
2165:
2164:
2156:
2154:
2149:
2136:
2132:
2122:
2115:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2103:
2099:
2095:
2085:
2078:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2067:
2066:
2062:
2058:
2048:
2041:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2029:
2025:
2021:
2011:
2004:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1992:
1988:
1984:
1974:
1967:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1956:
1955:
1951:
1947:
1937:
1930:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1919:
1918:
1914:
1910:
1900:
1893:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1882:
1881:
1877:
1873:
1863:
1856:
1853:
1850:
1848:
1845:
1844:
1840:
1836:
1826:
1819:
1816:
1813:
1811:
1808:
1807:
1803:
1799:
1789:
1782:
1779:
1776:
1774:
1771:
1770:
1766:
1762:
1752:
1745:
1742:
1740:97,726 (2nd)
1739:
1737:
1734:
1733:
1729:
1725:
1715:
1708:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1697:
1696:
1692:
1688:
1678:
1671:
1668:
1665:
1663:
1660:
1659:
1655:
1651:
1641:
1634:
1631:
1629:84,685 (2nd)
1628:
1626:
1623:
1622:
1618:
1614:
1604:
1597:
1594:
1591:
1589:
1586:
1585:
1581:
1577:
1572:
1565:
1562:
1559:
1557:
1554:
1553:
1533:
1530:
1526:
1518:
1516:
1515:Liberal Union
1512:
1508:
1504:
1500:
1496:
1492:
1488:
1484:
1480:
1476:
1471:
1469:
1468:protectionist
1465:
1461:
1457:
1453:
1449:
1445:
1440:
1436:
1429:
1425:
1420:
1416:
1406:
1404:
1400:
1396:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1376:
1372:
1369:
1368:modernization
1365:
1362:representing
1361:
1357:
1354:
1350:
1346:
1343:representing
1342:
1338:
1334:
1331:
1327:
1326:protectionism
1323:
1320:
1317:representing
1316:
1312:
1311:
1310:
1307:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1283:Southern Army
1280:
1276:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1253:
1249:
1240:
1238:
1234:
1230:
1226:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1182:
1181:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1148:
1144:
1130:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1119:German Empire
1116:
1115:French Empire
1112:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1099:
1094:
1090:
1087:
1083:
1080:, obligatory
1079:
1075:
1074:
1073:laissez-faire
1069:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1044:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1010:
998:
993:
991:
986:
984:
979:
978:
976:
975:
970:
960:
958:
948:
947:
946:
945:
936:
933:
932:
931:
928:
926:
923:
921:
918:
917:
911:
910:
903:
900:
898:
895:
893:
890:
888:
885:
883:
880:
878:
875:
872:
869:
867:
864:
862:
859:
857:
854:
852:
849:
848:
842:
841:
834:
831:
829:
826:
824:
821:
819:
816:
814:
811:
809:
806:
804:
801:
800:
794:
793:
786:
783:
781:
778:
776:
773:
771:
768:
766:
763:
761:
758:
756:
753:
751:
748:
746:
743:
741:
738:
736:
733:
732:
731:
730:
724:
723:Us with Italy
721:
719:
716:
714:
711:
709:
706:
704:
700:
698:
695:
693:
690:
688:
685:
684:
683:
675:
674:
667:
664:
662:
659:
657:
654:
652:
649:
647:
644:
642:
639:
637:
634:
632:
629:
627:
624:
622:
619:
617:
614:
612:
609:
607:
604:
603:
597:
596:
586:
585:
581:
576:
575:
571:
566:
565:
561:
556:
555:
551:
546:
545:
541:
540:
534:
533:
526:
523:
521:
518:
516:
513:
511:
508:
506:
503:
501:
498:
496:
493:
491:
488:
486:
483:
481:
478:
476:
473:
471:
468:
466:
463:
461:
458:
456:
453:
451:
448:
446:
443:
441:
438:
436:
433:
432:
429:Intellectuals
426:
425:
417:
416:
411:
408:
407:
402:
400:
397:
395:
392:
390:
387:
385:
382:
380:
377:
375:
372:
370:
367:
366:
360:
359:
352:
349:
347:
344:
342:
339:
337:
334:
332:
329:
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119:
115:
112:
111:Liberal Union
109:
105:
101:
97:
93:
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80:
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73:
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68:
65:
63:
60:
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53:
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49:
47:
43:
31:
19:
3132:
3043:Action Party
2957:
2950:
2941:
2932:
2916:
2897:
2891:
2882:
2872:
2852:
2833:
2823:
2813:
2806:
2797:
2787:
2767:
2760:
2735:
2731:
2725:
2716:
2706:
2686:
2679:
2665:
2655:
2643:
2629:
2617:. Retrieved
2602:
2594:
2589:
2581:
2564:
2555:
2535:
2528:
2504:
2497:
2477:
2470:
2459:
2436:
2430:
2414:. ABC-CLIO.
2410:
2403:
2378:
2375:Modern Italy
2374:
2343:
2336:
2327:
2317:
2307:
2300:
2280:
2273:
2263:
2256:
2236:
2229:
2209:
2202:
2187:
2178:
2172:
2162:
1477:and radical
1472:
1432:
1392:
1353:Francophilic
1322:parochialism
1308:
1271:conservative
1256:
1236:
1222:
1151:
1126:
1096:
1093:Pope Pius IX
1082:conscription
1071:
1045:
1020:
1008:
1006:
750:Forza Italia
728:
727:
681:
582:
572:
562:
552:
542:
406:Risorgimento
399:Papal States
378:
351:Subsidiarity
331:Metapolitics
225:Berlusconism
156:centre-right
131:Conservatism
2900:. Laterza.
1491:imperialist
1439:progressive
1387:secularists
1345:Piedmontese
1279:republicans
1098:Non Expedit
1052:aristocracy
1048:bourgeoisie
887:Il Giornale
861:Il Borghese
797:Think tanks
600:Politicians
326:Maternalism
316:Familialism
311:Clericalism
291:Agrarianism
3196:Categories
3117:Right-wing
2144:References
1470:policies.
1379:Lombardian
1349:liberalism
1261:under the
1190:La Marmora
1188:, General
1154:right-wing
1091:, causing
1068:free trade
1056:landowners
1033:right-wing
873:(formerly)
803:FareFuturo
646:Procaccini
631:De Gasperi
611:Berlusconi
537:Literature
480:Montanelli
415:Sanfedismo
341:Patriotism
336:Monarchism
285:Principles
219:Ideologies
139:Monarchism
3072:Left-wing
2923:La Stampa
2752:151209326
2593:Hearder,
2514:cite book
2395:144016171
2044:116 / 508
1970:104 / 508
1859:145 / 508
1822:147 / 508
1785:171 / 508
1711:276 / 508
1674:233 / 508
1637:151 / 493
1600:183 / 443
1568:342 / 443
1383:centrists
1303:austerity
935:Socialism
902:La VeritĂ
882:Il Foglio
856:L'Armonia
851:Annabella
828:New Italy
718:Lega Nord
666:Tatarella
606:Andreotti
525:Taparelli
465:Longanesi
435:Bresciani
247:Liberismo
177:Elections
99:Dissolved
3027:Far-left
2942:Treccani
2663:(1977).
2461:Treccani
2118:44 / 508
2081:76 / 508
2007:99 / 508
1933:93 / 508
1896:48 / 508
1748:94 / 508
1275:radicals
1273:as many
1237:Connubio
1233:centrist
1121:against
1113:and the
1064:military
651:Salandra
616:Cacciari
515:Salandra
475:Margotti
460:Leopardi
455:Giubilei
273:Populism
192:a series
118:Ideology
2671:Rizzoli
2580:Romeo,
1550:Leader
1507:Kassala
1330:Germany
1319:Emilian
1285:led by
1259:Kingdom
1227:led by
1138:Origins
1133:History
1086:secular
1025:Italian
1013:Italian
1011:group (
914:Related
866:Candido
729:Defunct
678:Parties
656:Salvini
626:Forlani
510:Reghini
490:Mughini
470:Maistre
363:History
91:Founded
45:Leaders
3141:
3139:
3130:
3128:
3096:
3094:
3085:
3083:
3051:
3049:
3040:
3038:
2965:
2904:
2860:
2775:
2750:
2694:
2619:25 May
2595:Cavour
2543:
2485:
2418:
2393:
2351:
2288:
2244:
2217:
1544:Seats
1538:Votes
1364:Tuscan
1205:Cavour
1017:Destra
897:Libero
701:
682:Active
636:Meloni
588:(2004)
578:(2001)
568:(1934)
558:(1916)
548:(1900)
500:Pareto
495:Papini
152:Centre
2748:S2CID
2391:S2CID
2076:13.9
2039:21.4
2002:19.4
1965:21.6
1928:18.3
1854:27.9
1817:28.9
1780:37.9
1743:28.2
1706:53.6
1669:37.2
1632:39.2
1595:41.2
1563:46.1
1009:Right
877:Epoca
845:Media
661:Sogno
520:Sogno
485:Mosca
445:Evola
440:Cuoco
2963:ISBN
2902:ISBN
2858:ISBN
2773:ISBN
2692:ISBN
2621:2014
2541:ISBN
2520:link
2483:ISBN
2416:ISBN
2349:ISBN
2286:ISBN
2242:ISBN
2215:ISBN
2113:5.9
2106:1909
2069:1904
2032:1900
1995:1897
1958:1895
1921:1892
1891:9.4
1884:1890
1847:1886
1810:1882
1773:1880
1736:1876
1699:1874
1662:1870
1625:1867
1588:1865
1556:1861
1547:+/–
1462:and
1417:and
1399:Left
1385:and
1339:and
1293:and
1277:and
1225:Left
1211:and
1192:and
1070:and
1007:The
708:Lega
641:Pera
621:Fini
505:Pera
450:Gini
102:1913
94:1849
2740:doi
2383:doi
1759:182
1611:159
1172:by
1095:'s
154:to
3198::
2940:.
2881:.
2842:^
2832:.
2796:.
2746:.
2736:24
2734:.
2715:.
2611:.
2573:^
2563:.
2539:.
2516:}}
2512:{{
2481:.
2458:.
2445:^
2389:.
2379:13
2377:.
2363:^
2347:.
2326:.
2152:^
2129:32
2092:20
2055:17
1981:11
1944:45
1907:97
1833:24
1796:77
1722:43
1685:82
1648:32
1541:%
1458:,
1207:,
1129:.
1058:,
1027::
1015::
194:on
3002:e
2995:t
2988:v
2971:.
2944:.
2910:.
2866:.
2781:.
2754:.
2742::
2700:.
2673:.
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2637:.
2623:.
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2549:.
2522:)
2491:.
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2385::
2357:.
2330:.
2294:.
2250:.
2223:.
2181:.
2166:.
2018:5
1870:2
1574:–
1332:.
1200:.
1023:(
996:e
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