85:
The acid present in the deliming agents neutralizes the process liquor pH. Typical values after effective, thorough deliming will range from 6 to 9. Ammonium salt deliming pH values should be pH 8 to 9.
229:
94:
The deliming process can be done with acids that can be rapid in their pH adjustment. Buffering salts like ammonium salts predominated the 20th century.
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266:
46:
Deliming operations of cattle hides usually last two hours and are generally associated with the alkaline phase of
653:
515:
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The ammonium ion is then free to penetrate the pelt cross-section and further ionise to act as an acid:
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68:
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612:
47:
8:
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processing is a drum/paddle or pit based operation where two main objectives are met:
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As an acid is added it lowers the pH value of the internal pelt solution. This
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237:
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can be used as deliming agents and they follow the following chemistry:
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50:. The progress of deliming in pelts is monitored by the checking of
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42:
Lowering of the liquor pH to the values used in the bating process.
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the solution alkalinity. The lowering of the pH results in rapid
24:
433:
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54:
of process liquors and in the cutting of a pelt cross-section.
32:
592:
470:
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is used to monitor deliming pelt cross-sectional progress.
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228:. Carbonic acid is used in a deliming process called
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The protons can then serve two functions, namely to
35:from the pelt and the consequent deswelling of the
692:
261:, Leather Producer's Association, p. 104,
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240:can also be used but their use is limited.
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256:
79:
693:
281:
204:Other weak acids can be used such as
62:Removal of pelt alkali and deswelling
13:
14:
712:
197:basic groups of the collagen and
89:
588:Artificial leather / Leatherette
654:British Museum leather dressing
250:
1:
259:Leather Technician's Handbook
243:
75:of the collagen basic groups.
16:Process in leather processing
7:
649:Leather Archives and Museum
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201:solution alkali chemicals.
10:
717:
670:History of hide materials
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626:
580:
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416:
315:
257:Sharphouse, J.H. (1983),
639:Igualada Leather Museum
232:. Strong acids such as
230:carbon dioxide deliming
644:Walsall Leather Museum
634:German Leather Museum
80:Lowering of liquor pH
48:beamhouse operations
675:Leather subculture
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687:
234:hydrochloric acid
100:ammonium chloride
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96:Ammonium sulfate
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627:Leather museums
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572:Leather carving
567:Cuir de Cordoue
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417:Leather sources
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222:phosphoric acid
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56:Phenolphthalein
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5:
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403:Shell cordovan
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90:Deliming types
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701:Leathermaking
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268:0-9502285-1-6
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238:sulfuric acid
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226:carbonic acid
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23:operation in
22:
528:
258:
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203:
192:
149:
93:
45:
20:
18:
581:Substitutes
562:Bookbinding
363:Law leather
218:lactic acid
214:formic acid
210:acetic acid
73:protonation
69:neutralizes
31:Removal of
608:Ultrasuede
353:Corinthian
244:References
206:boric acid
199:neutralize
613:Alcantara
603:Presstoff
598:Naugahyde
516:Processes
451:Crocodile
424:Alligator
398:Shearling
195:protonate
187:hydronium
52:pH values
695:Category
554:Crafting
529:Deliming
476:Kangaroo
439:Calfskin
393:Shagreen
343:Buckskin
167:ammonium
128:ammonium
21:deliming
680:Rawhide
663:Related
618:Clarino
539:Tanning
481:Ostrich
368:Morocco
358:Kidskin
348:Chamois
323:Aniline
309:Leather
179:ammonia
144:sulfate
25:leather
544:Oiling
534:Bating
524:Liming
434:Cattle
388:Russia
383:Patent
378:Nubuck
338:Bonded
333:Boiled
328:Bicast
265:
173:O → NH
37:fibres
33:alkali
593:Kirza
501:Snake
496:Sheep
471:Horse
444:Slunk
429:Bison
408:Suede
316:Types
181:) + H
169:) + H
491:Seal
466:Goat
456:Deer
373:Napa
263:ISBN
236:and
224:and
130:) +
98:and
19:The
506:Yak
486:Pig
461:Eel
185:O (
110:)SO
106:(NH
697::
220:,
216:,
212:,
208:,
155:NH
132:SO
116:NH
114:→
301:e
294:t
287:v
189:)
183:3
177:(
175:3
171:2
165:(
160:4
146:)
142:(
137:4
126:(
121:4
112:4
108:4
39:.
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