29:
346:
279:
768:
358:'in-field' and 'out-field' are sometimes applied and both are clearly marked on the landscape as green lush vegetation on lower lying land against the more complex colours of bare rock, heather, bracken, etc. on the moors or out-fields. The development of field boundaries meant that head-dykes were no longer necessary and they fell out of use in the 18th and 19th centuries.
159:
accompanies the bank it is usually an inconsequential 0.5 m (1.6 ft) or so in width on average and around 0.4 m (1.3 ft) deep, more often located on the uphill or outfield side. As a defensive structure the dyke has no obvious military value and its erratic route militates against
393:
or elricks may have consisted of banks and ditches several kilometres long that were used to direct deer for the purpose of capture and the Deil's Dyke fits this description. "Deer hunting has left physical traces on the landscape in the form of banks and dykes used either as park boundaries or for
290:
In 1981 a section was excavated and was shown to consist of an earth bank only, likely to have been constructed on one single occasion. The turves used in its construction were taken from either side giving a width of 4.5 feet (1.4m) at the base with a maximum original height estimated at around 6.5
751:
A March House stands near the dyke at
Burnmouth and the name 'Eliock' is given to the nearby wood. The word 'Elerc' in Gaelic originally meant 'ambush' and later meant a 'deer trap' described as a funnel-like defile, artificial or natural into which deer were herded so that they could be contained
357:
In a number of places along its route it has been utilised and modified or possibly originally built as a head-dyke which physically separated the arable lower lying land from the upland pastures which were grazed by sheep and cattle which would have otherwise eaten any arable crops. The terms
150:
that roughly follows the contours that divide upland pasture from lowland arable land, effectively acting like the head-dykes of medieval and later times although its true purpose has not been settled. The Deil's Dyke, sometimes written as 'dike', is formed from an earthen
725:
were credited with building many unusual or megalithic structures; as previously stated it can also be a variant of a word meaning a march or head-dyke that divides or separate into one or more parts. The term 'Pict's Dyke' is mainly applied in the parish of
306:
Some of the gaps in the course of the dyke may be due to the historical presence of dense woodland. Areas of once extensive woodland in
Nithsdale are indicated on old maps such as in the 1660s when a Cashogill Wood (sic) is recorded near
341:
Local tradition states that the dyke was used to hide cattle from raiders or to interfere with raiders returning with stolen sheep, cattle, horses and other goods, delaying them long enough for pursuers to catch up with them.
302:
The name 'Deil's Dyke' or 'Devil's Dyke' is commonly associated in myth and legend with structures of this scale however it has also been noted that a name similar or identical to 'Deil's Dyke' can mean a 'march dyke'.
382:, southern Scotland, has a number of similarities with the Deil's Dyke and consists of a bank and a ditch and runs for 11.5 mi (18.5 km). It is considered to be a territorial land boundary dating from the
298:
function or a hunting forest demarcation fits the evidence better. It has been noted that a considerable number of similar earthworks exist in the vicinity of the dyke making interpretation a challenge.
220:, amongst others, for the description of what survived at the time and for recognising its significance, ambiguous as that remains. In 1841 a second report was published as an appendix in MacKenzie's
367:
The course of the Deil's Dyke is not noticeably associated with the many defensive features that exist in
Nithsdale, such as Iron Age forts, medieval mottes, etc. although the linear earthwork near
1325:
718:'an oak copse', literally the "dark wood of the oak copse." This description would be relevant in terms of the termination of a detached section of the Deil's Dyke in a wooded area.
247:, watchtowers and forts however this has been shown to be incorrect as a number of the linear features included were shown to be head-dykes and other unrelated landscape features. A
1417:
The Royal
Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments and Constructions of Scotland. Seventh report with inventory of monuments and constructions in the county of Dumfries
294:
No one single feudal land holder is known to have controlled such a large area so its construction as an estate boundary is implausible, but a mediaeval head-dyke function or a
825:
756:' is linked to such deer traps. A section of the dyke here is recorded by the RCAHMS in 1920 as having a foundation of large stones that indicate a width of seven feet.
364:
The dyke has also been proposed as a tribal territorial boundary or as a medieval land boundary however the irregular course of this linear feature makes this unlikely.
155:
of rounded form that varies from 2.0 to 4.0 m (6.6 to 13.1 ft) wide and a maximum of 0.7 m (2.3 ft) high, sometimes having a stone core. Where a
1481:
275:. This section is considered to have some credibility as a single structure constructed and planned through the control of a single controlling authority.
53:
47:
441:: In 1978 this section had a bank that on the north or downhill side enclosed an area of rig and furrow and lies close to the Hawkcleuch Burn.
1107:
208:
village, ending short of the
Durisdeer Roman fortlet. The dyke follows contours that lie typically from 500 to 900 ft above sea level.
417:: In 1985 this section had been removed by ploughing and was indistinguishable in other sections. Ardoch Farm and the A76 lie to the east.
286:
often started at such points so that the animals could be driven from that area along the route that would lead to their point of capture.
686:
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174:
1200:
733:
Areas of once extensive woodland in
Nithsdale indicated on old maps such as in the 1660s a Cashogill Wood (sic) is recorded near
579:: In 1956 this section had no fosse, but it did have a clearly visible bank, 6 ft-9 ft thick and up to 3 ft high.
1438:
28:
1471:
690:: The dyke is thought to have started on the left bank of the Burnsands Burn in the area of its confluence with the
1208:
Transactions and
Journal of Proceedings of the Dumfriesshire and Galloway Natural History and Antiquarian Society
786:
791:
361:
The often erratic route may be explained by the need to enclose as much good quality arable land as possible.
875:
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806:
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feet (2m). although both late Iron Age and medieval dating evidence was found it was not conclusive.
906:
721:
As a common place name the name 'Deil' can mean the 'Devil' who together with the semi-mythological
480:: The route was not possible to follow. A 230 yard gap may have existed if the OS route is ignored.
216:
In 1824 the Deil's Dyke is first recorded in print by
Chalmers in his 'Caledonia' where he credits
147:
87:
1215:
1130:
1085:
796:
549:: A contemporary wall runs along the route of the Dyke. The site is close to the Glengenny Burn.
1486:
1476:
495:: In 1978 this section was hard to follow with minimal evidence. The Cowan Burn lies near by.
345:
248:
251:
survey of 1956 proposed that the dyke runs along a 16 miles route from near
Burnmouth Farm (
745:
738:
636:: In 1956 the Dyke could be followed from the start of a sike tributary to Cubie's Cleuch.
312:
168:
The earthwork is not continuous; however, it is generally regarded as running from east of
204:. A detached section ran from the site of the old Durisdeer Castle to the Kirk Burn above
8:
1187:
1466:
884:
278:
1270:
Seventh Report with inventory of
Monuments and Constructions in the County of Dumfries
1255:
Seventh Report with inventory of Monuments and Constructions in the County of Dumfries
1069:
Seventh Report with inventory of Monuments and Constructions in the County of Dumfries
853:
Seventh Report with inventory of Monuments and Constructions in the County of Dumfries
450:: In 1978 modern drains obscured the junction and the bank was 0.4m hugh and 2m wide.
1434:
744:
The March Cleugh is a small burn with a name meaning 'boundary' that flows from near
383:
333:
are sections of another similar linear earthwork there known as the 'Deil's Jingle'.
397:
1122:
801:
432:: In 1978 this length consisted of a stone and earth bank, 0.5m high and 4m wide.
773:
707:
741:(sic). A 'Priest Wood' is recorded on a map of 1832 lying below the old church.
402:
In 1956 much of the route was walked and the following observations recorded -
1451:
1126:
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319:
295:
283:
734:
519:: The Dyke ran from the Cowan Burn to the northern side of Giengenny Hill.
308:
232:
217:
1232:
330:
272:
262:
258:
240:
193:
179:
169:
64:
34:
1389:
Caledonia: Or, An Account, Historical and Topographic, of North Britain.
1347:"Dumfriesshire on Sheet XIV. Survey date - 1856 Publication date - 1860"
928:"Dumfriesshire on Sheet XIV. Survey date - 1856 Publication date - 1860"
691:
353:
in Galloway is a natural feature once utilised for red deer management.
197:
564:: Arable land is taken in here and the dyke course was rather random.
879:
465:: In 1978 on the steep burn side slope the dyke was mostly obscured.
368:
228:
205:
189:
68:
1346:
1283:
1046:
1004:
927:
1304:
1025:
727:
603:: In 1978 This section had a clear profile, 2m wide and 0.7m high.
244:
201:
781:
627:: In 1978 the course was not discernible from more recent dykes.
398:
The surveyed section of the New Cumnock to Durisdeer Parish route
375:
1108:"The head-Dyke : A Fundamental line in Scottish Geography"
753:
1201:"The Celts (British and Gael) in Dumfriesshire and Galloway"
722:
236:
156:
152:
1284:"Blaeu Atlas Maior 1662-5, Volume 6. Nithia Vicecomitatvs"
1047:"Blaeu Atlas Maior 1662-5, Volume 6. Nithia Vicecomitatvs"
1005:"Blaeu Atlas Maior 1662-5, Volume 6. Nithia Vicecomitatvs"
874:
386:
and was once considered to link up with the Deil's Dyke.
697:
651:: In 1978 the 2m wide bank of the dyke ran to the burn.
318:
The RCAHMS have mapped sections of the Deil's Dyke near
1183:
1181:
763:
1381:
1326:"Ordnance Survey Dumfriesshire Name Book Volume 14"
1080:
1078:
1178:
282:Deer come to drink at sheltered water courses and
1396:Hunting and hunting reserves in medieval Scotland
33:A section of the Deil's Dyke on Dalhanna Hill at
1458:
1075:
371:is linked with the site of the medieval castle.
1424:Ayrshire Place-Names: a rich seam still to mine
681:: A farm track had obscured the dyke's course.
1433:. Dumfries: Dumfries & Galloway Council.
1431:Old Sanquhar Tales - A Collection of Folklore
752:and then killed. The personal or place name '
1482:Archaeological sites in the Scottish Borders
1452:Durisdeer Roman Road, Fort and the Well Path
1403:Dumfriesshire - Cambridge County Geographies
1398:. Edinburgh. RCAHMS Shelf Number: C.3.52.GIL
978:
976:
974:
257:), north of Enterkinfoot to Dalhanna Hill,
146:in south-west lowland Scotland is a linear
952:
950:
948:
946:
944:
802:Devil's Dyke - Hungary, Romania and Serbia
27:
1105:
971:
870:
868:
866:
864:
862:
846:
844:
842:
160:it being a practical political boundary.
1405:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
1305:"John Thomson's Atlas of Scotland, 1832"
1026:"John Thomson's Atlas of Scotland, 1832"
534:: In 1978 little of the route remained.
344:
277:
192:, having passed through the parishes of
941:
1459:
1276:
1267:
1252:
1198:
1156:"History of the Parish of New Cumnock"
1148:
1066:
1060:
1039:
907:"History of the Parish of New Cumnock"
859:
850:
839:
1412:. London: Cambridge University Press.
698:Cartographic evidence and place names
588:: No sign of the dyke survived here.
504:: No evidence of the route remained.
1410:The Gaelic Notes in the Book of Deer
1188:History of the Parish of New Cumnock
997:
899:
16:Ancient linear earthwork in Scotland
227:Originally it was said to run from
13:
1233:"Dictionary of the Scots Language"
818:
702:In 1328 Durisdeer was recorded as
14:
1503:
1445:
920:
1382:Bibliography and further reading
1106:Robertson, Isobel M. L. (1948).
766:
666:: Nothing remained of the dyke.
121:0.7 m (2 ft 4 in)
1426:. Ayrshire Notes. No. 38. ANHS.
1369:
1360:
1339:
1318:
1297:
1261:
1246:
1225:
1192:
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311:, extending at least as far as
235:and was a boundary between the
1115:Scottish Geographical Magazine
1018:
1:
876:Historic Environment Scotland
812:
105:Up to 16 mi (26 km)
1408:Jackson, Kenneth H. (1972).
1401:Hewison, James King (1912).
787:Devil's Dyke, Cambridgeshire
7:
1199:Watson, William J. (1925).
792:Devil's Dyke, Hertfordshire
759:
336:
231:to the shores of the inner
163:
10:
1508:
807:Carsphairn and Scaur Hills
211:
1387:Chalmers, George (1824).
1127:10.1080/00369224908735398
125:
117:
109:
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93:
83:
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45:
41:
26:
1472:History of Dumfriesshire
1268:RCAHMS, Francis (1920).
1253:RCAHMS, Francis (1920).
1067:RCAHMS, Francis (1920).
851:RCAHMS, Francis (1920).
618:: Visible here in 1950.
737:and extended as far as
1422:Taylor, Simon (2009).
1394:Gilbert, J M. (1979).
880:"Deil's Dyke (101258)"
354:
287:
113:3 m (9.8 ft)
97:Earth, stones and turf
1257:. HMSO. p. lvii.
1214:: 147. Archived from
348:
281:
249:Dumfries and Galloway
1272:. HMSO. p. lvi.
1071:. HMSO. p. Map.
855:. HMSO. p. lvi.
797:Devil's Dyke, Sussex
394:trapping the deer".
349:The Glen of the Bar
129:Medieval or Iron Age
126:Completion date
826:"Scotland's Places"
239:and the Britons of
222:History of Galloway
188:) in the parish of
23:
1429:Wood, Rog (2010).
1419:. Edinburgh: HMSO.
1391:London: T. Cadell.
1221:on 31 August 2014.
1086:"The Land we Made"
714:'a dark wood' and
355:
288:
21:
1492:Linear earthworks
1439:978-1-899316-74-8
1136:on 31 August 2014
984:"The Deil's Dyke"
384:Early Middle Ages
329:In the parish of
271:), south-west of
243:with a defensive
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1375:Taylor, p.51
1371:
1362:
1350:. Retrieved
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1329:. Retrieved
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1308:. Retrieved
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1227:
1216:the original
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1131:the original
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1089:. Retrieved
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910:. Retrieved
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889:. Retrieved
883:
852:
829:. Retrieved
820:
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743:
739:Kilbryd Kirk
735:Enterkinfoot
732:
720:
715:
711:
703:
701:
687:NS 8404 0526
683:
678:NS 8339 0500
672:NS 8304 0511
668:
663:NS 8304 0511
657:NS 8300 0518
653:
648:NS 8298 0518
642:NS 8272 0535
638:
633:NS 8272 0535
629:
624:NS 8268 0526
620:
615:NS 8339 0500
609:NS 8266 0541
605:
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594:NS 8266 0541
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585:NS 8258 0545
581:
576:NS 8272 0535
570:NS 8216 0579
566:
561:NS 8266 0541
555:NS 8213 0591
551:
546:NS 8213 0591
540:NS 8150 0591
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531:NS 8150 0591
525:NS 8093 0596
521:
516:NS 8216 0579
510:NS 8093 0596
506:
501:NS 8089 0597
497:
492:NS 8087 0596
486:NS 8050 0600
482:
477:NS 8050 0600
471:NS 8037 0602
467:
462:NS 8037 0602
456:NS 8030 0603
452:
447:NS 8027 0602
443:
438:NS 8020 0601
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429:NS 8005 0595
423:NS 8000 0591
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414:NS 8260 0515
408:NS 8000 0591
404:
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388:
373:
366:
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340:
328:
317:
313:Kilbryd Kirk
309:Enterkinfoot
305:
301:
293:
289:
268:NS 6169 1142
254:NS 8400 0500
226:
221:
218:Joseph Train
215:
185:NS 8400 0500
175:NS 6169 1142
167:
143:
139:
135:
134:
54:NS 8404 0526
48:NS 8000 0591
18:
1117:. Issue 1.
331:Eskdalemuir
273:New Cumnock
263:Afton Water
259:New Cumnock
241:Strathclyde
194:New Cumnock
180:New Cumnock
170:Afton Water
144:Celt's Dyke
140:Pict's Dyke
136:Deil's Dyke
65:New Cumnock
35:New Cumnock
22:Deil's Dyke
1461:Categories
1352:22 January
1331:14 January
1310:22 January
1289:22 January
1238:22 January
1161:22 January
1140:22 January
1091:22 January
1052:22 January
1031:15 January
1010:22 January
989:16 January
963:16 January
933:22 January
912:22 January
891:16 January
831:16 January
813:References
692:River Nith
198:Kirkconnel
1467:Nithsdale
706:which in
704:Durrysder
369:Durisdeer
322:and near
229:Loch Ryan
206:Durisdeer
190:Durisdeer
148:earthwork
88:Earthwork
69:Durisdeer
760:See also
728:Sanquhar
337:Function
245:palisade
202:Sanquhar
164:Location
94:Material
76:Designer
61:Location
885:Canmore
782:Catrail
712:dubhros
376:Catrail
315:(sic).
284:elricks
212:History
178:) near
79:Unknown
1437:
754:Elrick
708:Gaelic
351:elrick
233:Solway
118:Height
102:Length
71:parish
1219:(PDF)
1204:(PDF)
1134:(PDF)
1121:: 6.
1111:(PDF)
723:Picts
716:doire
389:Some
237:Picts
157:fosse
110:Width
1435:ISBN
1354:2018
1333:2018
1312:2018
1291:2018
1240:2018
1163:2018
1142:2018
1093:2018
1054:2018
1033:2018
1012:2018
991:2018
965:2018
935:2018
914:2018
893:2018
833:2018
374:The
200:and
153:berm
84:Type
1123:doi
684:v.
675:to
669:u.
660:to
654:t.
645:to
639:s.
630:r.
621:q.
612:to
606:p.
597:to
591:o.
582:n.
573:to
567:m.
558:to
552:l.
543:to
537:k.
528:to
522:j.
513:to
507:i.
498:h.
489:to
483:g.
474:to
468:f.
459:to
453:e.
444:d.
435:c.
426:to
420:b.
411:to
405:a.
378:in
142:or
67:to
51:to
1463::
1212:XI
1206:.
1180:^
1119:65
1113:.
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973:^
943:^
882:.
878:.
861:^
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196:,
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