Deep vein thrombosis

1578: 2133:. After surgery with preventive treatment, VTE develops in about 10 of 1000 people after total or partial knee replacement, and in about 5 of 1000 after total or partial hip replacement. About 400,000 Americans develop an initial VTE each year, with 100,000 deaths or more attributable to PE. Asian, Asian-American, Native American, and Hispanic individuals have a lower VTE risk than Whites or Blacks. Populations in Asia have VTE rates at 15 to 20% of what is seen in Western countries, with an increase in incidence seen over time. In North American and European populations, around 4–8% of people have a thrombophilia, most commonly factor V leiden and prothrombin G20210A. For populations in China, Japan, and Thailand, deficiences in protein S, protein C, and antithrombin predominate. Non-O blood type is present in around 50% of the general population and 1736:. When proximal DVT is provoked by surgery or trauma a 3-month course of anticoagulation is standard. When a first VTE is proximal DVT that is either unprovoked or associated with transient non-surgical risk factor, low-dose anticoagulation beyond 3 to 6 months might be used. In those with an annual risk of VTE in excess of 9%, as after an unprovoked episode, extended anticoagulation is a possibility. Those who finish warfarin treatment after idiopathic VTE with an elevated D-dimer level show an increased risk of recurrent VTE (about 9% vs about 4% for normal results), and this result might be used in clinical decision making. Thrombophilia test results rarely play a role in the length of treatment. 1613: 1933:(not possible), or if someone develops a PE despite being anticoagulated. However, a 2020 NICE review found "little good evidence" for their use. A 2018 study associated IVC filter placement with a 50% reduction in PE, a 70% increase in DVT, and an 18% increase in 30 day mortality when compared to no IVC placement. Other studies including a systematic review and meta-analysis did not find a difference in mortality with IVC placement. If someone develops a PE despite being anticoagulated, care should be given to optimize anticoagulation treatment and address other related concerns before considering IVC filter placement. 1684:. Some oral medicines are sufficient when taken alone, while others require the use of an additional parenteral blood thinner. Rivaroxaban and apixaban are the typical first-line medicines, and they are sufficient when taken orally. Rivaroxaban is taken once daily, and apixaban is taken twice daily. Warfarin, dabigatran, and edoxaban require the use of a parenteral anticoagulant to initiate oral anticoagulant therapy. When warfarin is initiated for VTE treatment, a 5-day minimum of a parenteral anticoagulant together with warfarin is given, which is followed by warfarin-only therapy. Warfarin is taken to maintain an 2088:

passengers, but the effect on symptomatic DVT, PE, or mortality is unknown, as none of the individuals studied developed these outcomes. However, graduated compression stockings are not suggested for long-haul travelers (>4 hours) without risk factors for VTE. Likewise, neither aspirin nor anticoagulants are suggested in the general population undertaking long-haul travel. Those with significant VTE risk factors undertaking long-haul travel are suggested to use either graduated compression stockings or LMWH for VTE prevention. If neither of these two methods are feasible, then aspirin is suggested.

980: 1633:. However, treatment varies depending upon the location of DVT. For example, in cases of isolated distal DVT, ultrasound surveillance (a second ultrasound after 2 weeks to check for proximal clots), might be used instead of anticoagulation. Although, those with isolated distal DVT at a high-risk of VTE recurrence are typically anticoagulated as if they had proximal DVT. Those at a low-risk for recurrence might receive a four to six week course of anticoagulation, lower doses, or no anticoagulation at all. In contrast, those with proximal DVT should receive at least 3 months of anticoagulation. 1133: 453: 60: 1182: 1895: 810: 2150: 724: 1250: 1577: 1566: 2126:

0.07 to 0.49 out of 10,000 children annually. Meanwhile, almost 1% of those aged 85 and above experience VTE each year. About 60% of all VTEs occur in those 70 years of age or older. Incidence is about 18% higher in males than in females, though there are ages when VTE is more prevalent in women. VTE occurs in association with hospitalization or nursing home residence about 60% of the time, active cancer about 20% of the time, and a central venous catheter or transvenous pacemaker about 9% of the time.

2080: 1918: 656: 1879: 2241: 1697: 1601: 644: 628: 2279: 1863: 1706: 1894: 2024: 1327:. The numerical result (possible score −2 to 9) is most commonly grouped into either "unlikely" or "likely" categories. A Wells score of two or more means DVT is considered "likely" (about a 28% chance), while those with a lower score are considered "unlikely" to have DVT (about a 6% chance). In those unlikely to have DVT, a diagnosis is excluded by a negative D-dimer blood test. In people with likely DVT, 1201:, but clotting in the veins mostly occurs without any such mechanical damage. The beginning of venous thrombosis is thought to arise from "activation of endothelial cells, platelets, and leukocytes, with initiation of inflammation and formation of microparticles that trigger the coagulation system" via tissue factor. Vein wall inflammation is likely the inciting event. Importantly, the 1210:(NETs) or their components, which play a role in venous thrombi formation. NET components are pro-thrombotic through both the intrinsic and extrinsic coagulation pathways. NETs provide "a scaffold for adhesion" of platelets, red blood cells, and multiple factors that potentiate platelet activation. In addition to the pro-coagulant activities of neutrophils, multiple stimuli cause 1688:(INR) of 2.0–3.0, with 2.5 as the target. The benefit of taking warfarin declines as the duration of treatment extends, and the risk of bleeding increases with age. Periodic INR monitoring is not necessary when first-line direct oral anticoagulants are used. Overall, anticoagulation therapy is complex and many circumstances can affect how these therapies are managed. 1878: 2267:

hypercoaguability, stasis, and endothelial injury. It was not until 1950 that this framework was cited as Virchow's triad, but the teaching of Virchow's triad has continued in light of its utility as a theoretical framework and as a recognition of the significant progress Virchow made in expanding the understanding of VTE.

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people will have recurrent VTE in the 2 years after they complete their course of anticoagulants. VTE recurrence is less common in distal DVT than proximal DVT. In upper extremity DVT, annual VTE recurrence is about 2–4%. After surgery, a provoked proximal DVT or PE has an annual recurrence rate of only 0.7%.

465:, and redness. However, these symptoms might not manifest in the lower limbs of those unable to walk. In those who are able to walk, DVT can reduce one's ability to do so. The pain can be described as throbbing and can worsen with weight-bearing, prompting one to bear more weight with the unaffected leg. 2125:

About 1.5 out of 1000 adults a year have a first VTE in high-income countries. The condition becomes much more common with age. VTE rarely occurs in children, but when it does, it predominantly affects hospitalized children. Children in North America and the Netherlands have VTE rates that range from

2014:

Acutely ill hospitalized patients are suggested to receive a parenteral anticoagulant, although the potential net benefit is uncertain. Critically ill hospitalized patients are recommended to either receive unfractionated heparin or low-molecular weight heparin instead of foregoing these medicines.

1820:(the preferred method of administering the clot-busting enzyme) include a risk of bleeding, complexity, and the cost of the procedure. Although, while anticoagulation is the preferred treatment for DVT, thrombolysis is a treatment option for those with the severe DVT form of phlegmasia cerula dorens ( 1739:

Treatment for acute leg DVT is suggested to continue at home for uncomplicated DVT instead of hospitalization. Factors that favor hospitalization include severe symptoms or additional medical issues. Early walking is suggested over bedrest. Graduated compression stockings—which apply higher pressure

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of the suspected veins. VTE becomes much more common with age. The condition is rare in children, but occurs in almost 1% of those ≥ age 85 annually. Asian, Asian-American, Native American, and Hispanic individuals have a lower VTE risk than Whites or Blacks. Populations in Asia have VTE rates at 15

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and an IV heparin drip, all while gasping for air. She started to receive an ultrasound to look for DVT in the legs, prompting her to express dissatisfaction to the medical staff that they were not looking for clots where she had symptoms (her lungs), and they were not yet treating her presumed PE.

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In the 10 years following an initial VTE, about 30% of people will have a recurrence. VTE recurrence in those with prior DVT is more likely to recur as DVT than PE. Cancer and unprovoked DVT are strong risk factors for recurrence. After initial proximal unprovoked DVT with and without PE, 16–17% of

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of about 6%, with PE being the cause of most of these deaths. Proximal DVT is frequently associated with PE, unlike distal DVT, which is rarely if ever associated with PE. Around 56% of those with proximal DVT also have PE, although a chest CT is not needed simply because of the presence of DVT. If

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Options for VTE prevention in people following non-orthopedic surgery include early walking, mechanical prophylaxis, and blood thinners (low-molecular-weight heparin and low-dose-unfractionated heparin) depending upon the risk of VTE, risk of major bleeding, and person's preferences. After low-risk

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in the general population, incorporating leg exercises while sitting down for long periods, or having breaks from a sitting position and walking around, having an active lifestyle, and maintaining a healthy body weight are recommended. Walking increases blood flow through the leg veins. Excess body

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of LDUH in 1962 and subcutaneous injections of LMWH in 1982. 1974 was when vascular inflammation and venous thrombosis were first proposed to be interrelated. For around 50 years, a months-long warfarin (Coumadin) regimen was the mainstay of pharmacological treatment. To avoid the blood monitoring

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DVT occurs in the upper extremities in about 4–10% of cases, with an incidence of 0.4–1.0 people out of 10,000 a year. A minority of upper extremity DVTs are due to Paget–Schroetter syndrome, also called effort thrombosis, which occurs in 1–2 people out of 100,000 a year, usually in athletic males

1343:

has also been validated for use. It contains only objective criteria but requires obtaining a D-dimer value. With this prediction rule, three points or less means a person is at low risk for DVT. A result of four or more points indicates an ultrasound is needed. Instead of using a prediction rule,

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The process of fibrinolysis, where DVT clots can be dissolved back into the blood, acts to temper the process of thrombus growth. This is the preferred process. Aside from the potentially deadly process of embolization, a clot can resolve through organization, which can damage the valves of veins,

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Travelling "is an often cited yet relatively uncommon" cause of VTE. Suggestions for at-risk long-haul travelers include calf exercises, frequent walking, and aisle seating in airplanes to ease walking. Graduated compression stockings have sharply reduced the levels of asymptomatic DVT in airline

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A mechanical thrombectomy device can remove DVT clots, particularly in acute iliofemoral DVT (DVT of the major veins in the pelvis), but there is limited data on its efficacy. It is usually combined with thrombolysis, and sometimes temporary IVC filters are placed to protect against PE during the

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is considered positive when the vein walls of normally compressible veins do not collapse under gentle pressure. Clot visualization is sometimes possible, but is not required. Three compression ultrasound scanning techniques can be used, with two of the three methods requiring a second ultrasound

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of veins interacts with circulating white blood cells (leukocytes). While leukocytes normally help prevent blood from clotting (as does normal endothelium), upon stimulation, leukocytes facilitate clotting. Neutrophils are recruited early in the process of venous thrombi formation. They release

460:

Symptoms classically affect a leg and typically develop over hours or days, though they can develop suddenly or over a matter of weeks. The legs are primarily affected, with 4–10% of DVT occurring in the arms. Despite the signs and symptoms being highly variable, the typical symptoms are pain,

1815:

is the injection of an enzyme into the veins to dissolve blood clots, and while this treatment has been proven effective against the life-threatening emergency clots of stroke and heart attacks, randomized controlled trials have not established a net benefit in those with acute proximal DVT.

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published his analysis after the insertion of foreign bodies into the jugular veins of dogs, which migrated to the pulmonary arteries. These foreign bodies caused pulmonary emboli, and Virchow was focused on explaining their consequences. He cited three factors, which are now understood as

1338:

While the Wells score is the predominant and most studied clinical prediction rule for DVT, it does have drawbacks. The Wells score requires a subjective assessment regarding the likelihood of an alternate diagnosis and performs less well in the elderly and those with a prior DVT. The

1323:(see column in the table below) to determine if a potential DVT is "likely" or "unlikely" is typically the first step of the diagnostic process. The score is used in suspected first lower extremity DVT (without any PE symptoms) in primary care and outpatient settings, including the 8808:

Douketis J, Tosetto A, Marcucci M, Baglin T, Cushman M, Eichinger S, et al. (October 2010). "Patient-level meta-analysis: effect of measurement timing, threshold, and patient age on ability of D-dimer testing to assess recurrence risk after unprovoked venous thromboembolism".

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are rare but strong, or moderately strong, risk factors. They increase risk by about 10 times. Having a non-O blood type roughly doubles VTE risk. Non-O blood type is common globally, making it an important risk factor. Individuals without O blood type have higher blood levels of

9019:

Enden T, Haig Y, Kløw NE, Slagsvold CE, Sandvik L, Ghanima W, et al. (January 2012). "Long-term outcome after additional catheter-directed thrombolysis versus standard treatment for acute iliofemoral deep vein thrombosis (the CaVenT study): a randomised controlled trial".

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Being on blood thinners because of DVT can be life-changing because it can prevent lifestyle activities such as contact or winter sports to prevent bleeding after potential injuries. Head injuries prompting brain bleeds are of particular concern. This has caused NASCAR driver

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exist. In 2020, NICE kept their 2012 recommendations that catheter-directed thrombolysis should be considered in those with iliofemoral DVT who have "symptoms lasting less than 14 days, good functional status, a life expectancy of 1 year or more, and a low risk of bleeding."

852:

Acquired risk factors include the strong risk factor of older age, which alters blood composition to favor clotting. Previous VTE, particularly unprovoked VTE, is a strong risk factor. A leftover clot from a prior DVT increases the risk of a subsequent DVT. Major surgery and

1628:

Treatment for DVT is warranted when the clots are either proximal, distal and symptomatic, or upper extremity and symptomatic. Providing anticoagulation, or blood-thinning medicine, is the typical treatment after patients are checked to make sure they are not subject to

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DVT persists more than 28 days. Differences between these two types of DVT can be seen with ultrasound. An episode of VTE after an initial one is classified as recurrent. Bilateral DVT refers to clots in both limbs while unilateral means only a single limb is affected.

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text published around 600–900 BC, contains what has been cited as the first description of DVT. In 1271, DVT symptoms in the leg of a 20-year-old male were described in a French manuscript, which has been cited as the first case or the first Western reference to DVT.

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VTE costs the US healthcare system about $ 7 to 10 billion dollars annually. Initial and average DVT costs for a hospitalized US patient is about $ 10,000 (2015 estimate). In Europe, the costs for an initial VTE hospitalization are significantly less, costing about

1559:, which involves injecting a peripheral vein of the affected limb with a contrast agent and taking X-rays, to reveal whether the venous supply has been obstructed. Because of its cost, invasiveness, availability, and other limitations, this test is rarely performed. 10121: 1537:

some days later to rule out the diagnosis. Whole-leg ultrasound is the option that does not require a repeat ultrasound, but proximal compression ultrasound is frequently used because distal DVT is only rarely clinically significant. Ultrasound methods including

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Haig Y, Enden T, Grøtta O, Kløw NE, Slagsvold CE, Ghanima W, et al. (February 2016). "Post-thrombotic syndrome after catheter-directed thrombolysis for deep vein thrombosis (CaVenT): 5-year follow-up results of an open-label, randomised controlled trial".

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in the 1970s and 1980s, but ultrasound, particularly after utility of probe compression was demonstrated in 1986, became the preferred diagnostic method. Yet, in the mid-1990s, contrast venography and impedance plethysmography were still described as common.

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After being diagnosed with PE and not DVT, and after receiving heparin by IV, the coughing from the PE caused her C-section surgical site to open and the heparin contributed to bleeding at the site. Serena later received an IVC filter while in the hospital.

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Prevention of VTE for the general population includes avoiding obesity and maintaining an active lifestyle. Preventive efforts following low-risk surgery include early and frequent walking. Riskier surgeries generally prevent VTE with a blood thinner or

1747:

If someone decides to stop anticoagulation after an unprovoked VTE instead of being on lifelong anticoagulation, aspirin can be used to reduce the risk of recurrence, but it is only about 33% as effective as anticoagulation in preventing recurrent VTE.

739:(VTE). VTE can occur as DVT only, DVT with PE, or PE only. About two-thirds of VTE manifests as DVT only, with one-third manifesting as PE with or without DVT. VTE, along with superficial vein thrombosis, are common types of venous thrombosis. 2047:—has a high risk of causing VTE. If prophylaxis is not used after these surgeries, symptomatic VTE has about a 4% chance of developing within 35 days. Following major orthopedic surgery, a blood thinner or aspirin is typically paired with 1123:

and age do not seem to increase risk. Common risk factors for having an upper extremity DVT include having an existing foreign body (such as a central venous catheter, a pacemaker, or a triple-lumen PICC line), cancer, and recent surgery.

2879:"Diagnosis and management of acute deep vein thrombosis: a joint consensus document from the European Society of Cardiology working groups of aorta and peripheral vascular diseases and pulmonary circulation and right ventricular function" 943:

Cancer can grow in and around veins, causing venous stasis, and can also stimulate increased levels of tissue factor. Cancers of the blood, lung, pancreas, brain, stomach, and bowel are associated with high VTE risk. Solid tumors such as

3536:

Tran HA, Gibbs H, Merriman E, Curnow JL, Young L, Bennett A, et al. (March 2019). "New guidelines from the Thrombosis and Haemostasis Society of Australia and New Zealand for the diagnosis and management of venous thromboembolism".

991:, includes a group of proteins that regulate clotting. DVT risk can be altered by abnormalities in the cascade. The regulators, antithrombin (ᾳTHR) and activated protein C (APC), are shown in green above the clotting factors they affect. 1833:

procedure. Catheter-directed thrombolysis with thrombectomy against iliofemoral DVT has been associated with a reduction in the severity of post-thrombotic syndrome at an estimated cost-effectiveness ratio of about $ 138,000 per gained

1118:

Some risk factors influence the location of DVT within the body. In isolated distal DVT, the profile of risk factors appears distinct from proximal DVT. Transient factors, such as surgery and immobilization, appear to dominate, whereas

1056:, which increases prothrombin levels, increases risk by about 2.5 times. Additionally, approximately 5% of people have been identified with a background genetic risk comparable to the factor V Leiden and prothrombin G20210A mutations. 2432:

The term 'thrombophilia' as used here applies to the five inherited abnormalities of antithrombin, protein C, protein S, factor V, and prothrombin, as is done elsewhere. These 5 genetic factors have been referred to as the classical

2113:. After proximal DVT, an estimated 20–50% of people develop the syndrome, with 5–10% experiencing severe symptoms. Post-thrombotic syndrome can also be a complication of distal DVT, though to a lesser extent than with proximal DVT. 1233:

are also components. Platelets are not as prominent in venous clots as they are in arterial ones, but they can play a role. In cancer, tissue factor is produced by cancer cells. Cancer also produces unique substances that stimulate

7981:"Rationale and design of the ATTRACT Study: a multicenter randomized trial to evaluate pharmacomechanical catheter-directed thrombolysis for the prevention of postthrombotic syndrome in patients with proximal deep vein thrombosis" 3054: 2104:

Another frequent complication of proximal DVT, and the most frequent chronic complication, is post-thrombotic syndrome, where individuals have chronic venous symptoms. Symptoms can include pain, itching, swelling,

2002:, has provided some tentative evidence of effectiveness. Of the statins, rosuvastatin appears to be the only one with the potential to reduce VTE risk. If so, it appears to reduce risk by about 15%. However, the 11600: 11581: 11566: 727:

The iliac veins (in the pelvis) include the external iliac vein, the internal iliac vein, and the common iliac vein. The common femoral vein is below the external iliac vein. (It is labeled simply "femoral"

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2000 to 4000 (2011 estimate). Post-thrombotic syndrome is a significant contributor to DVT follow-up costs. Outpatient treatment significantly reduces costs, and treatment costs for PE exceed those of DVT.

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Lazo-Langner A, Kovacs MJ, Hedley B, Al-Ani F, Keeney M, Louzada ML, et al. (June 2015). "Screening of patients with idiopathic venous thromboembolism for paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria clones".

1600: 1744:, as the potential benefit of using them for this goal "may be uncertain". Nor are compression stockings likely to reduce VTE recurrence. They are, however, recommended in those with isolated distal DVT. 8875:

Berntsen CF, Kristiansen A, Akl EA, Sandset PM, Jacobsen EM, Guyatt G, et al. (April 2016). "Compression Stockings for Preventing the Postthrombotic Syndrome in Patients with Deep Vein Thrombosis".

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Dentali F, Sironi AP, Ageno W, Turato S, Bonfanti C, Frattini F, et al. (July 2012). "Non-O blood type is the commonest genetic risk factor for VTE: results from a meta-analysis of the literature".

2423:"It is important to note that smoking is not an independent risk factor, although it increases the risk for cancers and other comorbidities and works synergistically with other independent risk factors." 1594:. When compared to this clot, clots that instead obstruct the common femoral vein (proximal to this branching point) cause more severe effects due to impacting a significantly larger portion of the leg. 9991:"VTE, thrombophilia, antithrombotic therapy, and pregnancy: Antithrombotic therapy and prevention of thrombosis, 9th ed: American College of Chest Physicians evidence-based clinical practice guidelines" 8351:"Management of massive and submassive pulmonary embolism, iliofemoral deep vein thrombosis, and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association" 1565: 480:(a blue or purplish discoloration) with fever. DVT can also exist without causing any symptoms. Signs and symptoms help in determining the likelihood of DVT, but they are not used alone for diagnosis. 4719:"Long term risk of symptomatic recurrent venous thromboembolism after discontinuation of anticoagulant treatment for first unprovoked venous thromboembolism event: systematic review and meta-analysis" 1335:

used to confirm or exclude a diagnosis. Imaging is also needed for hospital inpatients with suspected DVT and those initially categorized as unlikely to have DVT but who have a positive D-dimer test.

9796:

Sobieraj DM, Lee S, Coleman CI, Tongbram V, Chen W, Colby J, et al. (May 2012). "Prolonged versus standard-duration venous thromboprophylaxis in major orthopedic surgery: a systematic review".

9890:"Prevention of VTE in nonorthopedic surgical patients: Antithrombotic therapy and prevention of thrombosis, 9th ed: American College of Chest Physicians evidence-based clinical practice guidelines" 276:, most commonly in the legs or pelvis. A minority of DVTs occur in the arms. Symptoms can include pain, swelling, redness, and enlarged veins in the affected area, but some DVTs have no symptoms. 10778: 1760:

An unprovoked VTE might signal the presence of an unknown cancer, as it is an underlying condition in up to 10% of unprovoked cases. A thorough clinical assessment is needed and should include a

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For example "recent surgery, history of VTE, postpartum women, active malignancy, or ≥2 risk factors, including combinations of the above with hormone replacement therapy, obesity, or pregnancy"

9841:"Prevention of VTE in orthopedic surgery patients: Antithrombotic therapy and prevention of thrombosis, 9th ed: American College of Chest Physicians evidence-based clinical practice guidelines" 6226:

Danwang C, Bigna JJ, Awana AP, Nzalie RN, Robert A (February 2021). "Global epidemiology of venous thromboembolism in people with active tuberculosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis".

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The Wells score as displayed here is the more recent modified score, which added a criterion for a previous documented DVT and increased the time range after surgery to 12 weeks from 4 weeks.

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that supplies deoxygenated blood to the lungs for oxygenation. Up to one-fourth of PE cases are thought to result in sudden death. When not fatal, PE can cause symptoms such as sudden onset

2514:(PT) to a standardized control PT. A normal INR for those not on anticoagulation is 1.0. A value of 5.0 or higher is considered a critical finding because of an increased risk of bleeding. 1612: 1178:

development, in which collagen becomes the characteristic component. The first pathological stage is marked by red blood cells, and the second is characterized by medium-textured fibrin.

10043:"Prevention of VTE in nonsurgical patients: Antithrombotic Therapy and Prevention of Thrombosis, 9th ed: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines" 2541:

Including those with "previous VTE, recent surgery or trauma, active malignancy, pregnancy, estrogen use, advanced age, limited mobility, severe obesity, or known thrombophilic disorder"

9244:"Cost-effectiveness of pharmacomechanical catheter-directed thrombolysis versus standard anticoagulation in patients with proximal deep vein thrombosis: results from the ATTRACT trial" 8539:"Antithrombotic therapy for VTE disease: Antithrombotic therapy and prevention of thrombosis, 9th ed: American College of Chest Physicians evidence-based clinical practice guidelines" 7547: 3074: 801:

in 2019 urged for this dichotomy to be abandoned to encourage more personalized risk assessments for recurrent VTE. The distinction between these categories is not always clear.

8499:

Kearon C, Akl EA, Ornelas J, Blaivas A, Jimenez D, Bounameaux H, et al. (February 2016). "Antithrombotic therapy for VTE disease: CHEST guideline and expert panel report".

10095: 10435:"Symptomatic in-hospital deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism following hip and knee arthroplasty among patients receiving recommended prophylaxis: a systematic review" 797:

DVT can be classified into provoked and unprovoked categories. For example, DVT that occurs in association with cancer or surgery can be classified as provoked. However, the

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During pregnancy and after childbirth, acute VTE occurs in about 1.2 of 1000 deliveries. Despite it being relatively rare, it is a leading cause of maternal morbidity and

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at the ankles and a lower pressure around the knees can be trialed for symptomatic management of acute DVT symptoms, but they are not recommended for reducing the risk of

1154:

DVT often develops in the calf veins and "grows" in the direction of venous flow, towards the heart. DVT most frequently affects veins in the leg or pelvis including the

873:, venous stasis can be temporarily provoked by a cessation of blood flow as part of the procedure. Inactivity and immobilization contribute to venous stasis, as with 2501:

The international normalized ratio should be ≥ 2.0 for 24 hours minimum, but if the ratio is > 3.0, then the parenteral anticoagulant is not needed for five days.

2385: 5831:"Guidelines for adult stroke rehabilitation and recovery: a guideline for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association" 11507:"Executive summary: Antithrombotic therapy and prevention of thrombosis, 9th ed: American College of Chest Physicians evidence-based clinical practice guidelines" 2295:(DOACs) were developed. In the late 2000s to early 2010s, DOACs—including rivaroxaban (Xarelto), apixaban (Eliquis), and dabigatran (Pradaxa)—came to the market. 1221:

complex, activates the extrinsic pathway of coagulation and leads to conversion of prothrombin to thrombin, followed by fibrin deposition. Fresh venous clots are

4468:"Diagnosis of DVT: Antithrombotic therapy and prevention of thrombosis, 9th ed: American College of Chest Physicians evidence-based clinical practice guidelines" 2956:"American Society of Hematology 2019 guidelines for management of venous thromboembolism: prevention of venous thromboembolism in surgical hospitalized patients" 7953: 1862: 5649:"American Society of Hematology 2018 guidelines for management of venous thromboembolism: prophylaxis for hospitalized and nonhospitalized medical patients" 4970:

Galanaud JP, Bosson JL, Quéré I (September 2011). "Risk factors and early outcomes of patients with symptomatic distal vs. proximal deep-vein thrombosis".

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activation. Various risk factors contribute to VTE, including genetic and environmental factors, though many with multiple risk factors never develop it.

4040:"2019 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of acute pulmonary embolism developed in collaboration with the European Respiratory Society (ERS)" 563:(worsened by deep breaths) and can vary based upon where the embolus is lodged in the lungs. An estimated 30–50% of those with PE have detectable DVT by 5786:

Ishida T, Sakurai H, Watanabe K, Iwashita S, Mimura M, Uchida H (July 2016). "Incidence of deep vein thrombosis in catatonic patients: A chart review".

5211: 2096:

DVT is most frequently a disease of older age that occurs in the context of nursing homes, hospitals, and active cancer. It is associated with a 30-day

1732:

The duration of anticoagulation therapy (whether it will last 4 to 6 weeks, 6 to 12 weeks, 3 to 6 months, or indefinitely) is a key factor in clinical

1529: 11182: 9398:"Association of inferior vena cava filter placement for venous thromboembolic disease and a contraindication to anticoagulation with 30-day mortality" 627: 3213:"American Society of Hematology 2020 guidelines for management of venous thromboembolism: treatment of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism" 1969:

is the specialty that typically places and retrieves IVC filters, and vascular surgery might do catheter directed thrombosis for some severe DVTs.

4769: 4353:"Deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism among patients with a cryptogenic stroke linked to patent foramen ovale – a review of the literature" 8314: 2180:

was hospitalized in 2011 for PE thought to have originated from DVT. Years later, in 2017, due to her knowledge of DVT and PE, Serena accurately

3691:"Anticoagulant prophylaxis to prevent asymptomatic deep vein thrombosis in hospitalized medical patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis" 2220:

had DVT after hip-replacement surgery. DVT has also contributed to the deaths of famous people. For example, DVT and PE played a role in rapper

456:

Swelling from fluid (edema) can result in "pitting" after pressure is applied. If this occurs only on one side, it raises the likelihood of DVT.

9525: 4304:"Lower extremity compartment syndrome in the setting of iliofemoral deep vein thrombosis, phlegmasia cerulea dolens and factor VII deficiency" 404:

test can also be used to assist with excluding the diagnosis or to signal a need for further testing. Diagnosis is most commonly confirmed by

9942:"American Society of Hematology 2018 guidelines for management of venous thromboembolism: venous thromboembolism in the context of pregnancy" 2188:

surgery and was off of blood thinners. After feeling the sudden onset of a PE symptom, shortness of breath, she told her nurse and requested

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Dozens of genetic risk factors have been identified, and they account for approximately 50 to 60% of the variability in VTE rates. As such,

365:. VTE has a strong genetic component, accounting for approximately 50 to 60% of the variability in VTE rates. Genetic factors include non-O 10668: 676: 2063:

The risk of VTE is increased in pregnancy by about four to five times because of a more hypercoagulable state that protects against fatal

11711: 1982:

weight is modifiable unlike most risk factors, and interventions or lifestyle modifications that help someone who is overweight or obese

10521: 10386:"American Society of Hematology 2018 Guidelines for management of venous thromboembolism: treatment of pediatric venous thromboembolism" 8720:"American Society of Hematology 2018 guidelines for management of venous thromboembolism: optimal management of anticoagulation therapy" 4404:"European position paper on the management of patients with patent foramen ovale. General approach and left circulation thromboembolism" 3319:"Genome-wide association analysis of venous thromboembolism identifies new risk loci and genetic overlap with arterial vascular disease" 1571:

An ultrasound with a blood clot visible in the left common femoral vein. (The common femoral vein is distal to the external iliac vein.)

12284: 7539: 1908:

were significantly improved. Afterwards, a first rib resection allowed decompression. This reduces the risk of recurrent DVT and other

1772:

done in people of that age. A review of prior imaging is considered worthwhile, as is "reviewing baseline blood test results including

1281:. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 and early-growth-response protein 1 contribute to monocyte association with endothelial proteins, such as 10091: 9152: 1174:

cause vein fibrosis, and result in non-compliant veins. Organization of a thrombus into the vein can occur at the third stage of its

310:

About two-thirds of VTE manifests as DVT only, with one-third manifesting as PE with or without DVT. The most frequent long-term DVT

3898:"The relationship between pancreatic cancer and hypercoagulability: a comprehensive review on epidemiological and biological issues" 6377:"Call to action to prevent venous thromboembolism in hospitalized patients: a policy statement from the American Heart Association" 10334:"The economic burden of incident venous thromboembolism in the United States: A review of estimated attributable healthcare costs" 4848:"Risk of deep vein thrombosis following a single negative whole-leg compression ultrasound: a systematic review and meta-analysis" 3754: 8030:"Exclusion of deep vein thrombosis using the Wells rule in clinically important subgroups: individual patient data meta-analysis" 1257:

Often, DVT begins in the valves of veins. The blood flow pattern in the valves can cause low oxygen concentrations in the blood (

6128:"Incidence of VTE and bleeding among hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019: a systematic review and meta-analysis" 9553:"Compression and walking versus bed rest in the treatment of proximal deep venous thrombosis with low molecular weight heparin" 4223: 2333:

identified 29 separate research priorities, most of which related to patients who are acutely or critically ill. Inhibition of

1545:

can be used to further characterize the clot and Doppler ultrasound is especially helpful in the non-compressible iliac veins.

1092: 949: 679:

of pain, swelling, and redness. Symptoms concerning for DVT are more often due to other causes, including cellulitis, ruptured

17: 7623:"Pathophysiology of venous thromboembolism with respect to the anatomical features of the deep veins of lower limbs: a review" 4803:

Casella IB, Bosch MA, Sabbag CR (2009). "Incidence and risk factors for bilateral deep venous thrombosis of the lower limbs".

3814:

Casella IB, Bosch MA, Sabbag CR (2009). "Incidence and risk factors for bilateral deep venous thrombosis of the lower limbs".

12056: 1840:

In DVT in the arm, the first (topmost) rib can be surgically removed as part of the typical treatment when the DVT is due to

1789: 11256:"Daily hospitalization costs in patients with deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism treated with anticoagulant therapy" 9181:"NICE Interventional procedures guidance 651: Percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy for acute deep vein thrombosis of the leg 12061: 10572:

Golemi I, Salazar Adum JP, Tafur A, Caprini J (August 2019). "Venous thromboembolism prophylaxis using the Caprini score".

2071:

in 2018. Warfarin, a common vitamin K antagonist, can cause birth defects and is not used for prevention during pregnancy.

1752:

have also been investigated for their potential to reduce recurrent VTE rates, with some studies suggesting effectiveness.

1011:, mildly increases VTE risk by about three times. Deficiencies of three proteins that normally prevent blood from clotting— 9696: 8174:

Wells PS, Ihaddadene R, Reilly A, Forgie MA (January 2018). "Diagnosis of venous thromboembolism: 20 years of progress".

2595:

Kruger PC, Eikelboom JW, Douketis JD, Hankey GJ (June 2019). "Deep vein thrombosis: update on diagnosis and management".

2213: 1096: 10833: 655: 11495: 10919: 10108:

oral contraceptives, sitting in a window seat, advanced age, and pregnancy increase DVT risk in long-distance travelers

2134: 2101:

proximal DVT is left untreated, in the following 3 months approximately half of people will experience symptomatic PE.

2048: 441: 194: 2228:

died at age 39 while covering the Iraq War from a PE that was thought to have progressed from a missed DVT, and actor

643: 7957: 4079:

Chinsakchai K, Ten Duis K, Moll FL, de Borst GJ (January 2011). "Trends in management of phlegmasia cerulea dolens".

1243: 578:. Phlegmasia cerulea dolens can occur in the arm but more commonly affects the leg. If found in the setting of acute 10547: 1307:, the standard treatment for DVT, prevents further clot growth and PE, but does not act directly on existing clots. 12211: 11828: 2365: 1088: 605:

because the clot abnormally travels from the pulmonary circuit to the systemic circuit while inside the heart. The

10642: 6781:"Assessing the risk of venous thromboembolic events in women taking progestin-only contraception: a meta-analysis" 6744:

Bovill EG, van der Vliet A (2011). "Venous valvular stasis-associated hypoxia and thrombosis: what is the link?".

6418:"Behçet's syndrome as a tool to dissect the mechanisms of thrombo-inflammation: clinical and pathogenetic aspects" 2286:

Multiple pharmacological therapies for DVT were introduced in the 20th century: oral anticoagulants in the 1940s,

1888:, a rare and severe arm DVT shown here in a judo practitioner, with highly restricted blood flow shown in the vein 972:

increase the risk through a variety of mechanisms, including altered blood coagulation protein levels and reduced

11843: 11704: 6891:

Varga EA, Kujovich JL (January 2012). "Management of inherited thrombophilia: guide for genetics professionals".

2205: 1606:

An abdominal CT scan demonstrating an iliofemoral DVT, with the clot in the right common iliac vein of the pelvis

1461:

Recently bedridden ≥ 3 days, or major surgery requiring regional or general anesthetic in the past 12 weeks

1316: 1266: 1185:

Upper extremity DVTs can occur in the subclavian, axillary, brachial, ulnar, and radial veins (pictured) and the

957: 354: 198: 133: 10474:

Margaglione M, Grandone E (February 2011). "Population genetics of venous thromboembolism. A narrative review".

12162: 10206:"Long-term risk of postthrombotic syndrome after symptomatic distal deep vein thrombosis: The CACTUS-PTS study" 9454: 6605:

Falanga A, Russo L, Milesi V, Vignoli A (October 2017). "Mechanisms and risk factors of thrombosis in cancer".

2346: 2330: 2068: 1817: 1685: 1207: 1064: 798: 213: 8854:

Early mobilization for patients with venous thromboembolism: a review of clinical effectiveness and guidelines

1303:

dissolving a clot—or other conditions. Hospitalized patients often have elevated levels for multiple reasons.

1299:, a natural byproduct of fibrinolysis that is typically found in the blood. An elevated level can result from 11974: 8679:"Duration of anticoagulant therapy for venous thromboembolism: balancing benefits and harms on the long term" 5203: 2184:

for herself to have a PE diagnosed and treated. During this encounter with VTE, she was hospitalized after a

1885: 1845: 894: 10738:"Phlebitis, pulmonary emboli and presidential politics: Richard M. Nixon's complicated deep vein thrombosis" 9597:"Exploring opportunities for primary prevention of unprovoked venous thromboembolism: ready for prime time?" 8392:"Anticoagulants versus non-steroidal anti-inflammatories or placebo for treatment of venous thromboembolism" 7810:"Neutrophil extracellular traps: villains and targets in arterial, venous, and cancer-associated thrombosis" 5647:

Schünemann HJ, Cushman M, Burnett AE, Kahn SR, Beyer-Westendorf J, Spencer FA, et al. (November 2018).

5591:

Martinelli I, Bucciarelli P, Mannucci PM (February 2010). "Thrombotic risk factors: basic pathophysiology".

1824:) and in some younger patients with DVT affecting the iliac and common femoral veins. Of note, a variety of 12279: 12199: 11904: 10884: 2299:

described a "furious battle" among the three makers of these drugs "for the prescription pads of doctors".

1965:. Patients suspected of having an acute DVT are often referred to the emergency department for evaluation. 1797: 1673: 969: 937: 692: 508: 492: 229: 178: 10245:

Konstantinides SV, Torbicki A, Agnelli G, Danchin N, Fitzmaurice D, Galiè N, et al. (November 2014).

2282:

Warfarin, a common vitamin K antagonist, was the mainstay of pharmacological treatment for about 50 years.

12294: 12289: 12016: 12006: 10286:

Johannesen CD, Flachs EM, Ebbehøj NE, Marott JL, Jensen GB, Nordestgaard BG, et al. (January 2020).

5013:

Utter GH, Dhillon TS, Salcedo ES, Shouldice DJ, Reynolds CL, Humphries MD, et al. (September 2016).

2523:"Up to 83% of patients treated by any catheter-based therapy, need adjunctive angioplasty, and stenting". 2481: 2398: 2270:

Methods to observe DVT by ultrasound were established in the 1960s. Diagnoses were commonly performed by

708: 587: 488: 483:

At times, DVT can cause symptoms in both arms or both legs, as with bilateral DVT. Rarely, a clot in the

10204:

Galanaud JP, Righini M, Le Collen L, Douillard A, Robert-Ebadi H, Pontal D, et al. (January 2020).

6271:"Risk of recurrent venous thromboembolism in autoimmune diseases: a systematic review of the literature" 1261:) of a valve sinus. Hypoxemia, which is worsened by venous stasis, activates pathways—ones that include 12395: 12046: 12021: 11838: 11767: 11697: 9478:"Emergency department management of suspected calf-vein deep venous thrombosis: a diagnostic algorithm" 4038:

Konstantinides SV, Meyer G, Becattini C, Bueno H, Geersing GJ, Harjola VP, et al. (January 2020).

2292: 2156:

has spoken at length about a frightening encounter she had with VTE while she was hospitalized in 2017.

1930: 1296: 1262: 921: 704: 504: 1837:. Phlegmasia cerulea dolens might be treated with catheter-directed thrombolysis and/or thrombectomy. 12420: 12363: 12011: 11964: 11814: 11777: 9940:

Bates SM, Rajasekhar A, Middeldorp S, McLintock C, Rodger MA, James AH, et al. (November 2018).

9724: 9242:

Magnuson EA, Chinnakondepalli K, Vilain K, Kearon C, Julian JA, Kahn SR, et al. (October 2019).

8028:

Geersing GJ, Zuithoff NP, Kearon C, Anderson DR, Ten Cate-Hoek AJ, Elf JL, et al. (March 2014).

2271: 1978: 1946: 1926: 1661: 1162:(of the thigh), and iliac veins of the pelvis. Extensive lower-extremity DVT can even reach into the 1112: 996: 933: 571: 570:

A rare and massive DVT that causes significant obstruction and discoloration (including cyanosis) is

350: 346: 225: 129: 125: 10858: 9839:

Falck-Ytter Y, Francis CW, Johanson NA, Curley C, Dahl OE, Schulman S, et al. (February 2012).

9007:"NICE Guideline 158: Venous thromboembolic diseases: diagnosis, management and thrombophilia testing 8537:

Kearon C, Akl EA, Comerota AJ, Prandoni P, Bounameaux H, Goldhaber SZ, et al. (February 2012).

7574:"Leukocytes and the natural history of deep vein thrombosis: current concepts and future directions" 6645:

Fernandes CJ, Morinaga LTK, Alves JL, Castro MA, Calderaro D, Jardim CVP, et al. (March 2019).

6416:

Becatti M, Emmi G, Bettiol A, Silvestri E, Di Scala G, Taddei N, Prisco D, Fiorillo C (March 2019).

6177:"Risk of recurrent venous thromboembolism in patients with HIV infection: A nationwide cohort study" 6126:

Jiménez D, García-Sanchez A, Rali P, Muriel A, Bikdeli B, Ruiz-Artacho P, et al. (March 2021).

1804:

recommends that further investigations are unwarranted in those without relevant signs or symptoms.

12405: 12218: 12172: 12167: 11991: 11969: 11615: 6026:

Beristain-Covarrubias N, Perez-Toledo M, Thomas MR, Henderson IR, Watson SP, Cunningham AF (2019).

4466:

Bates SM, Jaeschke R, Stevens SM, Goodacre S, Wells PS, Stevenson MD, et al. (February 2012).

4402:

Pristipino C, Sievert H, D'Ascenzo F, Mas JL, Meier B, Scacciatella P, et al. (January 2019).

2954:

Anderson DR, Morgano GP, Bennett C, Dentali F, Francis CW, Garcia DA, et al. (December 2019).

2377: 2173:

have dealt with recurrent blood clots, and Bosh's career was significantly hampered by DVT and PE.

2028: 1966: 1841: 1741: 1278: 940:(SLE) increase risk. SLE itself is frequently associated with secondary antiphospholipid syndrome. 890: 886: 393: 315: 103: 8349:

Jaff MR, McMurtry MS, Archer SL, Cushman M, Goldenberg N, Goldhaber SZ, et al. (April 2011).

5395:"Risk factors for venous thrombosis – current understanding from an epidemiological point of view" 3003:

Raskob GE, Angchaisuksiri P, Blanco AN, Buller H, Gallus A, Hunt BJ, et al. (November 2014).

428:. Beginning warfarin treatment requires an additional non-oral anticoagulant, often injections of 12485: 12460: 12442: 11924: 11919: 11883: 11853: 10384:

Monagle P, Cuello CA, Augustine C, Bonduel M, Brandão LR, Capman T, et al. (November 2018).

9755:

Biere-Rafi S, Hutten BA, Squizzato A, Ageno W, Souverein PC, de Boer A, et al. (June 2013).

9697:"Statins and primary prevention of venous thromboembolism: a systematic review and meta-analysis" 4003: 2369: 1583: 1270: 1239: 1024: 405: 370: 311: 150: 98: 10803: 9888:

Gould MK, Garcia DA, Wren SM, Karanicolas PJ, Arcelus JI, Heit JA, et al. (February 2012).

4663:

Karande GY, Hedgire SS, Sanchez Y, Baliyan V, Mishra V, Ganguli S, et al. (December 2016).

2877:

Mazzolai L, Aboyans V, Ageno W, Agnelli G, Alatri A, Bauersachs R, et al. (December 2018).

929: 12432: 12415: 12410: 12400: 12241: 12177: 11819: 11720: 11336:

Dobesh PP (August 2009). "Economic burden of venous thromboembolism in hospitalized patients".

9293:"Thoracic outlet syndrome: a comprehensive review of pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment" 9102:

Vedantham S, Goldhaber SZ, Julian JA, Kahn SR, Jaff MR, Cohen DJ, et al. (December 2017).

8118:

Stone J, Hangge P, Albadawi H, Wallace A, Shamoun F, Knuttien MG, et al. (December 2017).

6983:

Paulsen B, Skille H, Smith EN, Hveem K, Gabrielsen ME, Brækkan SK, et al. (October 2019).

2287: 2189: 2040: 2003: 1929:(IVC filter) is possible when either the standard treatment for acute DVT, anticoagulation, is 1681: 1538: 1533: 1104: 837:

has been identified as playing a clear causal role. Other related causes include activation of

736: 733: 696: 564: 304: 300: 237: 157: 11655: 10169:

Galanaud JP, Monreal M, Kahn SR (April 2018). "Epidemiology of the post-thrombotic syndrome".

8266:"Diagnosis of deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism: new imaging tools and modalities" 6077:

Kaplan D, Casper TC, Elliott CG, Men S, Pendleton RC, Kraiss LW, et al. (November 2015).

5872:"May Thurner syndrome revealed by left calf venous claudication during running, a case report" 5699:

Wong P, Baglin T (2012). "Epidemiology, risk factors and sequelae of venous thromboembolism".

5434:

Tzoran I, Hoffman R, Monreal M (October 2018). "Hemostasis and thrombosis in the oldest old".

1532:

is the standard diagnostic method, and it is highly sensitive for detecting an initial DVT. A

251:

From 0.8–2.7 per 1000 people per year, but populations in China and Korea are below this range

12437: 12182: 12041: 12033: 12001: 11888: 11575: 10517: 10433:

Januel JM, Chen G, Ruffieux C, Quan H, Douketis JD, Crowther MA, et al. (January 2012).

9809: 9291:

Jones MR, Prabhakar A, Viswanath O, Urits I, Green JB, Kendrick JB, et al. (June 2019).

9193:

Comerota AJ, Kearon C, Gu CS, Julian JA, Goldhaber SZ, Kahn SR, et al. (February 2019).

7979:

Vedantham S, Goldhaber SZ, Kahn SR, Julian J, Magnuson E, Jaff MR, et al. (April 2013).

5054:

Comerota AJ, Kearon C, Gu CS, Julian JA, Goldhaber SZ, Kahn SR, et al. (February 2019).

4846:

Johnson SA, Stevens SM, Woller SC, Lake E, Donadini M, Cheng J, et al. (February 2010).

2402: 2381: 2064: 2036: 1825: 1202: 1132: 1049: 1037: 833:

blood vessel lining—contribute to VTE and were used to explain its formation. More recently,

775: 11485: 11254:

Dasta JF, Pilon D, Mody SH, Lopatto J, Laliberté F, Germain G, et al. (February 2015).

8942:

Wallace A, Albadawi H, Hoang P, Fleck A, Naidu S, Knuttinen G, et al. (December 2017).

8822: 6375:

Henke PK, Kahn SR, Pannucci CJ, Secemksy EA, Evans NS, Khorana AA, et al. (June 2020).

5153:

Ageno W, Farjat A, Haas S, Weitz JI, Goldhaber SZ, Turpie AGG, et al. (February 2021).

4255:"Pacemaker-associated phlegmasia cerulea dolens treated with catheter-directed thrombolysis" 861:

from outside the vascular system entering the blood. Minor injuries, lower limb amputation,

12351: 12346: 11942: 8718:

Witt DM, Nieuwlaat R, Clark NP, Ansell J, Holbrook A, Skov J, et al. (November 2018).

6270: 2388:) are more unusual forms of venous thrombosis and they are considered as separate diseases. 1987: 1761: 1641: 1552: 1345: 1324: 1190: 1072: 1032: 1028: 610: 606: 602: 579: 378: 374: 31: 7572:

Saha P, Humphries J, Modarai B, Mattock K, Waltham M, Evans CE, et al. (March 2011).

6757: 3732:"Acute deep vein thrombosis (DVT): evolving treatment strategies and endovascular therapy" 3317:

Klarin D, Busenkell E, Judy R, Lynch J, Levin M, Haessler J, et al. (November 2019).

2291:

required with warfarin and the injections required by heparin and heparin-like medicines,

1348:

assessment using clinical assessment and gestalt, but prediction rules are more reliable.

1274: 1166:(in the abdomen). Upper extremity DVT most commonly affects the subclavian, axillary, and 318:, which can cause pain, swelling, a sensation of heaviness, itching, and in severe cases, 8: 12495: 12427: 12194: 11604: 7205:"Venous thromboembolism in patients with essential thrombocythemia and polycythemia vera" 6470:

Baglin T (April 2012). "Inherited and acquired risk factors for venous thromboembolism".

6175:

Rokx C, Borjas Howard JF, Smit C, Wit FW, Pieterman ED, Reiss P, et al. (May 2020).

1869: 1853: 1649: 1144: 1053: 1008: 988: 787: 544: 386: 9989:

Bates SM, Greer IA, Middeldorp S, Veenstra DL, Prabulos AM, Vandvik PO (February 2012).

9672: 9645: 8627:"Duration of treatment with vitamin K antagonists in symptomatic venous thromboembolism" 8334: 5829:

Winstein CJ, Stein J, Arena R, Bates B, Cherney LR, Cramer SC, et al. (June 2016).

2165:

to forego participation in races. Professional basketball players including NBA players

2141:

around 30 years of age or in those who do significant amounts of overhead manual labor.

1718:), which vary in the size of their chain, and the synthetic pentasaccaride (five-sugar) 322:. Recurrent VTE occurs in about 30% of those in the ten years following an initial VTE. 59: 12341: 12251: 11833: 11677: 11609: 11531: 11506: 11456: 11431: 11407: 11380: 11361: 11231: 11204: 11053: 11028: 10718: 10597: 10499: 10410: 10385: 10358: 10333: 10146: 10067: 10042: 10015: 9990: 9966: 9941: 9914: 9889: 9865: 9840: 9821: 9737: 9621: 9596: 9502: 9477: 9422: 9397: 9373: 9346: 9317: 9292: 9268: 9243: 9219: 9194: 9128: 9103: 9045: 8970: 8943: 8834: 8744: 8719: 8651: 8626: 8563: 8538: 8467: 8440: 8416: 8391: 8290: 8265: 8199: 8146: 8119: 8054: 8029: 8005: 7980: 7932: 7886: 7834: 7809: 7701: 7674: 7647: 7622: 7598: 7573: 7515: 7490: 7466: 7441: 7269: 7180: 7153: 7052: 7035: 7011: 6984: 6965: 6916: 6868: 6805: 6780: 6673: 6646: 6541: 6515:"Management of systemic lupus erythematosus during pregnancy: challenges and solutions" 6514: 6495: 6444: 6417: 6352: 6325: 6301: 6251: 6203: 6176: 6152: 6127: 6103: 6078: 6054: 6027: 6003: 5976: 5952: 5925: 5898: 5871: 5811: 5724: 5673: 5648: 5616: 5551: 5526: 5459: 5273: 5179: 5154: 5082: 5055: 4995: 4955: 4930: 4913: 4888: 4828: 4785: 4743: 4718: 4691: 4664: 4640: 4613: 4543: 4516: 4492: 4467: 4379: 4352: 4328: 4303: 4279: 4254: 4199: 4172: 4148: 4123: 4104: 3976: 3951: 3922: 3897: 3839: 3796: 3731: 3622: 3572: 3343: 3318: 3237: 3212: 3179: 3154: 2980: 2955: 2805: 2780: 2743: 2718: 2682: 2620: 2401:(COCs) have an approximate two to three times higher risk than second-generation COCs. 2130: 1991: 1548: 1542: 1328: 1163: 1151:. Reductions in fibrinolysis or increases in coagulation can increase the risk of DVT. 1100: 925: 917: 870: 826: 818: 747: 634: 614: 556: 524: 484: 330: 296: 90: 84: 11133: 9715: 9413: 9210: 9077: 9033: 7737: 7355:

Zöller B, Svensson PJ, Dahlbäck B, Lind-Hallden C, Hallden C, Elf J (September 2020).

7257: 5977:"Bilateral upper extremity DVT in a 43-year-old man: is it thoracic outlet syndrome?!" 5072: 4717:

Khan F, Rahman A, Carrier M, Kearon C, Weitz JI, Schulman S, et al. (July 2019).

4612:

Mukhopadhyay S, Johnson TA, Duru N, Buzza MS, Pawar NR, Sarkar R, et al. (2019).

3874: 3211:

Ortel TL, Neumann I, Ageno W, Beyth R, Clark NP, Cuker A, et al. (October 2020).

2051:, which is the preferred mechanical prophylaxis over graduated compression stockings. 2044: 1147:

and the clearing of clots that are no longer needed is accomplished by the process of

12132: 12081: 11981: 11626: 11536: 11491: 11461: 11412: 11353: 11318: 11277: 11236: 11148: 11102: 11097: 11080: 11058: 11004: 10963: 10915: 10759: 10722: 10710: 10589: 10491: 10456: 10415: 10401: 10363: 10309: 10268: 10227: 10186: 10151: 10072: 10020: 9971: 9957: 9919: 9870: 9813: 9778: 9729: 9677: 9626: 9574: 9507: 9427: 9378: 9322: 9273: 9224: 9133: 9081: 9037: 8975: 8924: 8893: 8857: 8826: 8790: 8785: 8768: 8767:

Keeling D, Baglin T, Tait C, Watson H, Perry D, Baglin C, et al. (August 2011).

8749: 8735: 8700: 8695: 8678: 8656: 8595: 8568: 8516: 8472: 8421: 8372: 8295: 8243: 8191: 8151: 8095: 8059: 8010: 7924: 7878: 7858: 7839: 7787: 7741: 7706: 7652: 7603: 7520: 7471: 7419: 7414: 7397: 7378: 7337: 7296: 7261: 7226: 7185: 7134: 7098: 7057: 7016: 6957: 6908: 6904: 6860: 6810: 6761: 6719: 6678: 6622: 6618: 6587: 6546: 6487: 6449: 6398: 6357: 6293: 6255: 6243: 6208: 6157: 6108: 6059: 6008: 5957: 5903: 5852: 5815: 5803: 5768: 5763: 5746: 5716: 5678: 5664: 5608: 5556: 5507: 5451: 5416: 5411: 5394: 5366: 5325: 5277: 5265: 5184: 5135: 5087: 5036: 4987: 4918: 4869: 4820: 4789: 4748: 4696: 4645: 4589: 4548: 4497: 4435: 4384: 4333: 4284: 4204: 4153: 4096: 4061: 4015: 3981: 3927: 3878: 3831: 3788: 3746: 3712: 3707: 3690: 3668: 3614: 3564: 3482: 3438: 3394: 3348: 3286: 3242: 3228: 3184: 3122: 3066: 3026: 2985: 2971: 2900: 2810: 2748: 2674: 2624: 2612: 1962: 1591: 1377: 1108: 1060: 791: 783: 512: 476:), dilation of surface veins, warmth, discoloration, a "pulling sensation", and even 265: 145: 137: 72: 10601: 10585: 10503: 10041:

Kahn SR, Lim W, Dunn AS, Cushman M, Dentali F, Akl EA, et al. (February 2012).

9825: 9741: 9259: 9049: 8838: 8203: 7936: 7890: 7332: 7315: 7273: 6872: 6305: 5728: 5620: 5463: 4999: 4832: 4231: 3858: 3843: 3626: 3576: 2196:

Other notable people have been affected by DVT. Former United States (US) President

12137: 11786: 11689: 11666: 11526: 11518: 11451: 11443: 11402: 11392: 11365: 11345: 11308: 11272: 11267: 11255: 11226: 11216: 11092: 11048: 11040: 10994: 10953: 10749: 10702: 10581: 10483: 10446: 10405: 10397: 10353: 10349: 10345: 10299: 10258: 10217: 10182: 10178: 10141: 10137: 10133: 10062: 10054: 10010: 10002: 9961: 9953: 9909: 9901: 9860: 9852: 9805: 9768: 9719: 9711: 9667: 9662: 9657: 9616: 9608: 9564: 9497: 9489: 9417: 9409: 9368: 9358: 9312: 9304: 9263: 9255: 9214: 9206: 9123: 9115: 9073: 9029: 8965: 8955: 8885: 8818: 8780: 8739: 8731: 8690: 8646: 8642: 8638: 8558: 8550: 8508: 8462: 8452: 8411: 8407: 8403: 8362: 8329: 8285: 8277: 8233: 8183: 8141: 8131: 8049: 8041: 8000: 7992: 7916: 7870: 7829: 7821: 7777: 7733: 7696: 7686: 7642: 7634: 7593: 7585: 7510: 7502: 7461: 7453: 7409: 7368: 7327: 7253: 7216: 7175: 7165: 7130: 7126: 7088: 7047: 7006: 6996: 6985:"Fibrinogen gamma gene rs2066865 and risk of cancer-related venous thromboembolism" 6969: 6949: 6920: 6900: 6850: 6800: 6792: 6753: 6709: 6668: 6658: 6614: 6577: 6536: 6526: 6499: 6479: 6439: 6429: 6388: 6347: 6337: 6285: 6235: 6198: 6188: 6147: 6139: 6098: 6090: 6049: 6039: 5998: 5988: 5947: 5937: 5893: 5883: 5842: 5799: 5795: 5758: 5708: 5668: 5660: 5600: 5546: 5538: 5497: 5443: 5406: 5356: 5315: 5255: 5174: 5166: 5125: 5077: 5067: 5026: 4979: 4950: 4942: 4908: 4900: 4859: 4812: 4777: 4738: 4730: 4686: 4676: 4635: 4625: 4579: 4538: 4528: 4487: 4479: 4425: 4415: 4374: 4364: 4323: 4315: 4274: 4266: 4194: 4184: 4143: 4135: 4088: 4051: 3971: 3963: 3917: 3909: 3870: 3823: 3800: 3780: 3702: 3658: 3606: 3554: 3546: 3472: 3428: 3384: 3338: 3330: 3276: 3232: 3224: 3174: 3166: 3112: 3016: 2975: 2967: 2890: 2800: 2792: 2738: 2730: 2686: 2664: 2604: 2511: 2326: 2250: 2181: 1958: 1785: 1781: 1773: 1769: 1376:

Calf swelling ≥ 3 cm compared to asymptomatic calf (measured 10 cm below

1230: 743: 540: 500: 288: 11432:"Venous thrombosis and post-thrombotic syndrome: from novel biomarkers to biology" 10706: 7373: 7356: 3389: 3372: 3281: 3264: 2149: 1848:. This treatment involves initial anticoagulation followed by thrombolysis of the 1618:

Vascular anatomy for deep venous thrombosis (DVT) point of care ultrasound (POCUS)

809: 12329: 12324: 12236: 11959: 11914: 11794: 11620: 11313: 11296: 10247:"2014 ESC guidelines on the diagnosis and management of acute pulmonary embolism" 10122:"Compression stockings for preventing deep vein thrombosis in airline passengers" 9493: 8889: 8367: 8350: 7782: 7765: 7093: 7076: 7001: 6714: 6697: 6393: 6376: 6193: 5847: 5830: 5604: 5361: 5344: 4983: 4108: 2201: 2177: 2170: 2153: 1905: 1849: 1765: 1733: 1332: 1304: 1181: 1052:

variant rs2066865 have about a 1.6 times higher risk of VTE. The genetic variant

1000: 956:

treatment also increases risk. Obesity increases the potential of blood to clot,

874: 854: 680: 413: 382: 279:

The most common life-threatening concern with DVT is the potential for a clot to

166: 11029:"Virchow's contribution to the understanding of thrombosis and cellular biology" 9347:"A case of Paget-Schroetter syndrome (PSS) in a young judo tutor: a case report" 8853: 8587: 8512: 7288: 6566:"The antiphospholipid syndrome – often overlooked cause of vascular occlusions?" 6143: 6079:"VTE incidence and risk factors in patients with severe sepsis and septic shock" 6028:"Understanding infection-induced thrombosis: lessons learned from animal models" 6025: 5924:

Hangge P, Rotellini-Coltvet L, Deipolyi AR, Albadawi H, Oklu R (December 2017).

2651: 12378: 12228: 12091: 12051: 11986: 11947: 11858: 11221: 10754: 10737: 10263: 10246: 9773: 9756: 8912: 8083: 7825: 7589: 7457: 6663: 6239: 5320: 5303: 5155:"Provoked versus unprovoked venous thromboembolism: Findings from GARFIELD-VTE" 5031: 5014: 4584: 4567: 4270: 4189: 4056: 4039: 3663: 3646: 3417:"Incidence of venous thromboembolism in Asian populations: a systematic review" 3021: 3004: 2895: 2878: 2781:"Environmental and genetic risk factors associated with venous thromboembolism" 2349:

are potential therapies that might treat VTE without increasing bleeding risk.

2263: 2097: 1777: 1551:, MRI venography, or a non-contrast MRI are also diagnostic possibilities. The 1222: 1193:(not pictured). The cephalic and basilic veins, however, are superficial veins. 1155: 1087:

levels are associated with increased risk. Other associated conditions include

1068: 945: 712: 618: 190: 11631: 11594: 11590: 10693:

Andrews BL, Friedman Ross L (February 2021). "Black Women and Babies Matter".

9363: 9308: 8439:

Fleck D, Albadawi H, Wallace A, Knuttinen G, Naidu S, Oklu R (December 2017).

8281: 7996: 7170: 7036:"Homocystinuria: a rare disorder presenting as cerebral sinovenous thrombosis" 5888: 5712: 4770:"Significant risk of another thrombosis remains if anticoagulation is stopped" 3913: 3610: 3334: 3170: 2734: 1668:(a factor Xa inhibitor). Other anticoagulants cannot be taken by mouth. These 1197:

In arterial thrombosis, blood vessel wall damage is required, as it initiates

12479: 12246: 11909: 11505:

Guyatt GH, Akl EA, Crowther M, Gutterman DD, Schuünemann HJ (February 2012).

7920: 6837: 6269:

Borjas-Howard JF, Leeuw K, Rutgers A, Meijer K, Tichelaar VYIG (March 2019).

6044: 5130: 5113: 4816: 4630: 4369: 4092: 3827: 3117: 3100: 2329:

associated with VTE. In their updated 2018 clinical practice guidelines, the

2229: 2217: 2197: 2162: 1995: 1901: 1793: 1286: 1214:

to release tissue factor. Monocytes are also recruited early in the process.

1120: 858: 842: 838: 822: 326: 12073: 9612: 9569: 9552: 9104:"Pharmacomechanical catheter-directed thrombolysis for deep-vein thrombosis" 8960: 8856:(Report). Ottawa, ON: Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health. 8457: 8136: 7638: 7154:"Increased risk of deep vein thrombosis in end-stage renal disease patients" 6779:

Mantha S, Karp R, Raghavan V, Terrin N, Bauer KA, Zwicker JI (August 2012).

6342: 5942: 4681: 4319: 4171:

Aggarwal DG, Bhojraj SS, Behrainwalla AA, Jani CK, Mehta SS (January 2018).

4139: 2921: 2450:/mL fibrinogen equivalent units (FEU). A normal level is below these values. 1917: 1636:

Some anticoagulants can be taken by mouth, and these oral medicines include

1289:, which presumably begin clotting after binding to the endothelial surface. 12387: 12299: 12114: 11804: 11747: 11540: 11465: 11447: 11416: 11357: 11322: 11281: 11240: 11106: 11062: 11008: 10967: 10763: 10714: 10593: 10495: 10460: 10451: 10434: 10419: 10367: 10313: 10272: 10231: 10190: 10155: 10076: 10024: 9975: 9923: 9874: 9817: 9782: 9733: 9681: 9630: 9578: 9511: 9431: 9382: 9326: 9277: 9228: 9137: 9085: 9041: 8979: 8928: 8897: 8861: 8830: 8794: 8753: 8704: 8660: 8599: 8572: 8520: 8476: 8425: 8376: 8315:"Subsartorial vessels as replacement names for superficial femoral vessels" 8299: 8247: 8195: 8155: 8099: 8063: 8014: 7928: 7882: 7874: 7843: 7791: 7745: 7710: 7656: 7607: 7524: 7475: 7423: 7382: 7341: 7300: 7265: 7230: 7189: 7138: 7102: 7061: 7033: 7020: 6961: 6953: 6912: 6864: 6855: 6814: 6765: 6723: 6682: 6626: 6591: 6550: 6491: 6483: 6453: 6402: 6361: 6297: 6289: 6247: 6212: 6161: 6112: 6063: 6012: 5961: 5907: 5856: 5807: 5772: 5720: 5682: 5612: 5560: 5511: 5455: 5447: 5420: 5370: 5329: 5269: 5188: 5139: 5091: 5040: 4991: 4922: 4873: 4824: 4752: 4700: 4649: 4593: 4552: 4501: 4439: 4420: 4403: 4388: 4337: 4288: 4208: 4157: 4100: 4065: 4019: 3985: 3967: 3931: 3882: 3835: 3792: 3750: 3716: 3672: 3618: 3568: 3486: 3442: 3398: 3352: 3290: 3246: 3188: 3126: 3070: 3030: 2989: 2904: 2814: 2796: 2752: 2678: 2616: 1999: 1942: 1812: 1719: 1677: 1587: 1186: 1175: 1167: 1159: 1148: 1044:

than those with O blood type, increasing the likelihood of clotting. Those

1020: 973: 953: 913: 862: 834: 598: 532: 337:, and inflammation. Risk factors include recent surgery, older age, active 233: 11349: 11152: 10332:

Grosse SD, Nelson RE, Nyarko KA, Richardson LC, Raskob GE (January 2016).

10058: 10006: 9905: 9856: 9195:"Endovascular thrombus removal for acute iliofemoral deep vein thrombosis" 9180: 9119: 8554: 8441:"Below-knee deep vein thrombosis (DVT): diagnostic and treatment patterns" 7398:"Isolated distal deep vein thrombosis: what we know and what we are doing" 6094: 5993: 5056:"Endovascular Thrombus Removal for Acute Iliofemoral Deep Vein Thrombosis" 4781: 4533: 4483: 3952:"Epidemiology, pathophysiology, and natural history of pulmonary embolism" 3597:

Ratchford EV, Evans NS (March 2017). "Approach to lower extremity edema".

2669: 325:

The mechanism behind DVT formation typically involves some combination of

12452: 11848: 11650: 11522: 11044: 10958: 10941: 10487: 9006: 7691: 7221: 7204: 6531: 5542: 4864: 4847: 4517:"Painful swollen leg – think beyond deep vein thrombosis or Baker's cyst" 3950:

Turetz M, Sideris AT, Friedman OA, Triphathi N, Horowitz JM (June 2018).

3433: 3416: 2240: 2225: 2209: 2106: 2079: 1983: 1645: 1218: 1198: 1041: 984: 968:

tearing releases substances that favor clotting. Oral contraceptives and

830: 574:. It is life-threatening, limb-threatening, and carries a risk of venous 535:), travels through the right side of the heart, and becomes lodged as an 417: 334: 111: 11558: 11397: 10120:

Clarke MJ, Broderick C, Hopewell S, Juszczak E, Eisinga A (April 2021).

7506: 5926:"Paget-Schroetter syndrome: treatment of venous thrombosis and outcomes" 5524: 4946: 4904: 4430: 3559: 1391:

Swollen unilateral superficial veins (non-varicose, in symptomatic leg)

952:. In severe cases, this can lead to simultaneous clotting and bleeding. 12368: 12358: 12319: 12263: 12256: 12086: 11672: 10304: 10287: 9153:"Clot-busting drugs not recommended for most patients with blood clots" 8120:"Deep vein thrombosis: pathogenesis, diagnosis, and medical management" 7808:

Thålin C, Hisada Y, Lundström S, Mackman N, Wallén H (September 2019).

6582: 6565: 5923: 5170: 3771:

Stubbs MJ, Mouyis M, Thomas M (February 2018). "Deep vein thrombosis".

3550: 2608: 2342: 2338: 2278: 2166: 1954: 1950: 1900:

After treatment with catheter-directed thrombolysis, blood flow in the

1669: 1657: 1556: 1282: 1140: 1076: 1045: 961: 688: 672: 583: 552: 548: 366: 362: 269: 220: 174: 162: 11183:"The drugs that companies promote to doctors are rarely breakthroughs" 10999: 10982: 10222: 10205: 8390:

Cundiff DK, Manyemba J, Pezzullo JC (January 2006). Cundiff DK (ed.).

8238: 8221: 8045: 6796: 6434: 5525:

Previtali E, Bucciarelli P, Passamonti SM, Martinelli I (April 2011).

5502: 5485: 5260: 5243: 4734: 4568:"Clinical presentation of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism" 4173:"Phlegmasia cerulea dolens following heparin-induced thrombocytopenia" 3477: 3460: 3263:

Borgel D, Bianchini E, Lasne D, Pascreau T, Saller F (December 2019).

2480:

Evidence for anticoagulation comes from studies other than definitive

2067:. Preventive measures for pregnancy-related VTE were suggested by the 2055:

surgeries, early and frequent walking is the best preventive measure.

2006:

to prevent one initial VTE is about 2000, limiting its applicability.

1856:

to relieve the thoracic outlet compression and prevent recurrent DVT.

1696: 979: 12122: 11863: 11799: 11755: 11738: 11733: 11661: 11134:"Diagnostic test comparisons in patients with deep venous thrombosis" 10092:"New DVT guidelines: No evidence to support "economy-class syndrome"" 8187: 5869: 5486:"Management of venous thromboembolism – controversies and the future" 3784: 3689:

Lloyd NS, Douketis JD, Moinuddin I, Lim W, Crowther MA (March 2008).

3461:"Management of venous thromboembolism – controversies and the future" 2334: 2255: 2185: 2110: 1258: 1249: 1235: 1211: 1139:

Blood has a natural tendency to clot when blood vessels are damaged (

1084: 1080: 1016: 1012: 878: 866: 560: 528: 358: 273: 189:

Frequent walking, calf exercises, maintaining a healthy body weight,

10244: 9241: 5015:"Therapeutic anticoagulation for isolated calf deep vein thrombosis" 12336: 11938: 11875: 11809: 11760: 11430:

Metz AK, Diaz JA, Obi AT, Wakefield TW, Myers DD, Henke PK (2018).

8769:"Guidelines on oral anticoagulation with warfarin – fourth edition" 6838:"Factor V Leiden: how great is the risk of venous thromboembolism?" 3730:

Conklin P, Soares GM, Dubel GJ, Ahn SH, Murphy TP (December 2009).

3153:

Heil J, Miesbach W, Vogl T, Bechstein WO, Reinisch A (April 2017).

2485: 2023: 1909: 1665: 1653: 1637: 1630: 1004: 965: 909: 905: 877:, paralysis, sitting, long-haul travel, bed rest, hospitalization, 846: 759: 700: 684: 575: 496: 477: 425: 421: 280: 241: 170: 11027:

Kumar DR, Hanlin E, Glurich I, Mazza JJ, Yale SH (December 2010).

10548:"Serena Williams on motherhood, marriage, and making her comeback" 9939: 8084:"Diagnosing DVT in nonpregnant adults in the primary care setting" 7859:"Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Arterial and Venous Thrombosis" 7354: 7034:

Eslamiyeh H, Ashrafzadeh F, Akhondian J, Beiraghi Toosi M (2015).

885:. Conditions that involve compromised blood flow in the veins are 746:

when the clots are developing or have recently developed, whereas

10617:"Expert: Chris Bosh, like many, at risk of blood clot recurrence" 10203: 9345:

Ijaopo R, Oguntolu V, DCosta D, Garnham A, Hobbs S (March 2016).

7724:

López JA, Chen J (2009). "Pathophysiology of venous thrombosis".

7675:"Resolution of deep venous thrombosis: proposed immune paradigms" 4401: 4037: 2221: 1447: 1300: 1292: 536: 503:. It can co-occur with DVT and can be felt as a "palpable cord". 437: 429: 401: 389:. In total, dozens of genetic risk factors have been identified. 342: 284: 202: 121: 11297:"Economic burden of venous thromboembolism: a systematic review" 10779:"Hillary Clinton has not been quick to share health information" 9838: 6644: 3002: 1586:

showing absence of flow and hyperechogenic content in a clotted

778:

compared to proximal DVT. Calf DVT makes up about half of DVTs.

11729: 11585: 11570: 10983:"The history and historical treatments of deep vein thrombosis" 10119: 9757:"Statin treatment and the risk of recurrent pulmonary embolism" 8913:"Anticoagulation: updated guidelines for outpatient management" 7907:

Myers DD (March 2015). "Pathophysiology of venous thrombosis".

6268: 6125: 4170: 4078: 2447: 1990:

are thought to reduce risk. Statins have been investigated for

1749: 1705: 1226: 901: 882: 790:; elsewhere, it has been defined as involving at a minimum the 767: 594: 338: 319: 117: 10571: 9754: 9475: 8944:"Statins as a preventative therapy for venous thromboembolism" 8027: 7115: 6834: 3949: 2532:

Estimated in United States dollars, estimate published in 2019

452: 10383: 10285: 8874: 8807: 8438: 7320:

Hematology. American Society of Hematology. Education Program

6835:

Shaheen K, Alraies MC, Alraiyes AH, Christie R (April 2012).

5974: 5785: 5590: 5392: 5304:"Mechanistic view of risk factors for venous thromboembolism" 5244:"Cytokine and chemokine regulation of venous thromboembolism" 4931:"Correction: Diagnosis and treatment of deep-vein thrombosis" 4614:"Fibrinolysis and inflammation in venous thrombus resolution" 3265:"Inflammation in deep vein thrombosis: a therapeutic target?" 2953: 2594: 2489: 2443: 1365:

Active cancer (treatment within last 6 months or palliative)

469: 462: 10331: 9988: 9290: 9101: 7978: 7807: 7491:"Anatomic distribution of deep vein thrombosis in pregnancy" 5870:

Béliard S, Feuvrier D, Ducroux E, Salomon du Mont L (2018).

5646: 5012: 4665:"Advanced imaging in acute and chronic deep vein thrombosis" 4662: 4611: 4465: 3262: 3098: 1590:(labeled subsartorial) distal to the branching point of the 671:

In most suspected cases, DVT is ruled out after evaluation.

287:

through the right side of the heart, and become lodged in a

12105: 11378: 10942:"In search of venous thromboembolism: the first 2913 years" 9344: 8585: 8173: 7571: 6415: 3415:

Lee LH, Gallus A, Jindal R, Wang C, Wu CC (December 2017).

2876: 2364:

Venous thrombosis associated with drainage from the brain (

2309: 1834: 1801: 292: 11504: 9887: 9795: 9646:"Statins for primary prevention of venous thromboembolism" 9476:

Kitchen L, Lawrence M, Speicher M, Frumkin K (July 2016).

8612: 8222:"Controversies in the diagnosis of venous thromboembolism" 8117: 3504: 3005:"Thrombosis: a major contributor to global disease burden" 2778: 723: 10094:. American College of Chest Physicians. 7 February 2012. 8941: 8536: 8348: 6604: 6374: 5301: 3859:"Physical examination findings in deep venous thrombosis" 3688: 3152: 8717: 8676: 7286: 6938: 6778: 6174: 5393:

Lijfering WM, Rosendaal FR, Cannegieter SC (June 2010).

4845: 3316: 2200:

had recurrent DVT, and so has former Secretary of State

1714:

Structural representations of the backbone of heparins (

1246:, which inhibits the breakdown of clots (fibrinolysis). 916:, increase risk. Chronic inflammatory diseases and some 845:

in the blood, the concentration of oxygen, and possible

11205:"Direct oral anticoagulants and venous thromboembolism" 11176: 11174: 11026: 10669:"Serena Williams Hospitalized After Pulmonary Embolism" 8766: 8498: 8389: 8322:

International Journal of Anatomy, Radiology and Surgery

7856: 6982: 6225: 5828: 4716: 3895: 3535: 3099:

Abbattista M, Capecchi M, Martinelli I (January 2020).

2779:

Crous-Bou M, Harrington LB, Kabrhel C (November 2016).

1143:) to minimize blood loss. Clotting is activated by the 889:, where a vein of the pelvis is compressed, and venous 633:

A CT image with red arrows indicating PE (grey) in the

416:

is the standard treatment. Typical medications include

392:

People suspected of having DVT can be assessed using a

10980: 10834:"11 Celebrities Who Battled Deep Vein Thrombosis Risk" 10432: 10292:

Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health

9192: 9018: 7244:

Kyrle PA, Eichinger S (2005). "Deep vein thrombosis".

6076: 5053: 4514: 3896:

Campello E, Ilich A, Simioni P, Key NS (August 2019).

3210: 1285:, prompting monocytes to release tissue factor-filled 897:, where compression occurs near the base of the neck. 11253: 10643:"Chris Bosh officially out as Heat make playoff push" 9395: 8624: 6647:"Cancer-associated thrombosis: the when, how and why" 5241: 4350: 3729: 2471:

is a proposed name for a section of the femoral vein.

1884:

A venogram before catheter-directed thrombolysis for

1450:, or recent cast immobilization of lower extremities 12491:

Diseases of veins, lymphatic vessels and lymph nodes

11719: 11548: 11429: 11379:

Fernandez MM, Hogue S, Preblick R, Kwong WJ (2015).

11171: 10859:"Coroner: Rapper Heavy D died of blood clot in lung" 10692: 9396:

Turner TE, Saeed MJ, Novak E, Brown DL (July 2018).

7857:

Laridan E, Martinod K, De Meyer SF (February 2019).

6698:"How I treat disseminated intravascular coagulation" 6326:"The role of inflammation in venous thromboembolism" 5975:

Jabri H, Mukherjee S, Sanghavi D, Chalise S (2014).

5433: 5302:

Reitsma PH, Versteeg HH, Middeldorp S (March 2012).

5152: 3599:

Current Treatment Options in Cardiovascular Medicine

3373:"Global burden of thrombosis: epidemiologic aspects" 2652:"Update on the management of venous thromboembolism" 2488:

and safety for anticoagulation vs. placebo or using

2137:, and it is present in about 70% of those with VTE. 11159: 11113: 10473: 10288:"Sedentary work and risk of venous thromboembolism" 10168: 9694: 9179:National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. 9062: 9005:National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. 8910: 8677:de Jong PG, Coppens M, Middeldorp S (August 2012). 8264:Rahaghi FN, Minhas JK, Heresi GA (September 2018). 8263: 7488: 7442:"Fibrinolysis and the control of blood coagulation" 6743: 6512: 6323: 5740: 5738: 5159:

Research and Practice in Thrombosis and Haemostasis

4969: 4515:Arumilli BR, Lenin Babu V, Paul AS (January 2008). 3414: 2510:An INR is determined from the ratio of a patient's 2009: 1941:Patients with a history of DVT might be managed by 649:

A case of phlegmasia cerulea dolens in the left leg

27:

Formation of a blood clot (thrombus) in a deep vein

11294: 11081:"Virchow and his triad: a question of attribution" 10040: 7814:Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology 7672: 7578:Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology 7074: 6836: 6563: 6472:Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 5308:Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology 4802: 3813: 3770: 3651:Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology 3647:"A clinical perspective of venous thromboembolism" 3009:Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology 2650: 1530:ultrasonography for suspected deep vein thrombosis 1435:Localized tenderness along the deep venous system 468:Additional signs and symptoms include tenderness, 11202: 10981:Galanaud JP, Laroche JP, Righini M (March 2013). 8625:Middeldorp S, Prins MH, Hutten BA (August 2014). 8215: 8213: 7395: 7357:"Genetic risk factors for venous thromboembolism" 7075:Ortel TL, Erkan D, Kitchens CS (September 2015). 6319: 6317: 6315: 5876:BMC Sports Science, Medicine & Rehabilitation 5527:"Risk factors for venous and arterial thrombosis" 4889:"Diagnosis and treatment of deep-vein thrombosis" 4572:Best Practice & Research Clinical Haematology 4301: 4259:Clinical Practice and Cases in Emergency Medicine 2109:, a sensation of heaviness, and in severe cases, 12477: 11131: 10735: 9695:Kunutsor SK, Seidu S, Khunti K (February 2017). 9644:Li L, Zhang P, Tian JH, Yang K (December 2014). 9248:Circulation: Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes 8851: 6640: 6638: 6636: 5744: 5735: 3500: 3498: 3496: 3366: 3364: 3362: 3101:"Treatment of unusual thrombotic manifestations" 2716: 2232:had DVT that progressed to a PE when he was 89. 2031:, a procedure that can precipitate DVT formation 1273:, which can activate these pathways, as well as 613:is thought to allow clots to travel through the 10036: 10034: 9643: 9550: 8911:Wigle P, Hein B, Bernheisel CR (October 2019). 8586:Shikdar S, Vashisht R, Bhattacharya PT (2021). 8077: 8075: 8073: 7759: 7757: 7755: 7668: 7666: 7620: 7489:Chan WS, Spencer FA, Ginsberg JS (April 2010). 7287:McLendon K, Goyal A, Bansal P, Attia M (2020). 7077:"How I treat catastrophic thrombotic syndromes" 5114:"Long-term treatment of venous thromboembolism" 4839: 4712: 4710: 3856: 3592: 3590: 3588: 3586: 3370: 11381:"Review of the cost of venous thromboembolism" 11372: 9590: 9588: 8210: 7972: 7803: 7801: 7673:Nicklas JM, Gordon AE, Henke PK (March 2020). 7435: 7433: 7243: 6519:Open Access Rheumatology: Research and Reviews 6312: 5483: 5242:Najem MY, Couturaud F, Lemarié CA (May 2020). 5204:"Clot Chronicles: unprovoked vs. provoked VTE" 4928: 4886: 4230:. American College of Surgeons. Archived from 3997: 3995: 3596: 3458: 3454: 3452: 2717:Heit JA, Spencer FA, White RH (January 2016). 2405:use is not associated with increased VTE risk. 1483:Positive D-dimer (≥ 0.5 mcg/mL or 1.7 nmol/L) 1402:Unilateral pitting edema (in symptomatic leg) 1269:. Hypoxemia also results in the production of 93:, redness, enlarged veins in the affected limb 67:DVT in the right leg with swelling and redness 11705: 11180: 11132:Line BR, Peters TL, Keenan J (January 1997). 11074: 11072: 11022: 11020: 11018: 10935: 10933: 10931: 10084: 9594: 8219: 7902: 7900: 7850: 7482: 7280: 7027: 6890: 6830: 6828: 6826: 6824: 6633: 6019: 5694: 5692: 5586: 5584: 5582: 5580: 5578: 5576: 5574: 5572: 5570: 5518: 3493: 3359: 3258: 3256: 3155:"Deep vein thrombosis of the upper extremity" 2949: 2947: 2945: 2943: 2590: 2588: 2586: 1986:reduce DVT risk. Avoiding both smoking and a 1277:, which regulates hypoxia-inducible factor-1 732:DVT and PE are the two manifestations of the 409:to 20% of what is seen in Western countries. 10827: 10825: 10804:"Cheney diagnosed with deep-vein thrombosis" 10686: 10467: 10379: 10377: 10031: 9935: 9933: 9832: 9544: 9186: 9175: 9173: 9001: 8999: 8997: 8995: 8993: 8991: 8989: 8935: 8845: 8070: 7752: 7663: 7439: 6598: 5863: 5479: 5477: 5475: 5473: 5427: 5388: 5386: 5384: 5382: 5380: 5297: 5295: 5293: 5291: 5289: 5287: 5237: 5235: 5233: 5231: 5229: 4707: 4461: 4459: 4457: 4455: 4453: 4451: 4449: 3945: 3943: 3941: 3684: 3682: 3583: 3148: 3146: 3144: 3142: 3140: 3138: 3136: 2719:"The epidemiology of venous thromboembolism" 2584: 2582: 2580: 2578: 2576: 2574: 2572: 2570: 2568: 2566: 2446:/mL D-dimer units (DDU) or greater than 0.5 1792:." It is not recommended practice to obtain 1755: 353:of VTE, trauma, injuries, lack of movement, 132:of VTE, injuries, trauma, lack of movement, 11423: 11203:Franchini M, Mannucci PM (September 2016). 11198: 11196: 10197: 10126:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 9650:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 9585: 9526:"Inferior Vena Cava (IVC) Filter Placement" 9340: 9338: 9336: 9097: 9095: 8672: 8670: 8631:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 8532: 8530: 8396:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 8259: 8257: 7956:. Mayo Medical Laboratories. Archived from 7798: 7763: 7679:International Journal of Molecular Sciences 7430: 7348: 7307: 7237: 4656: 4607: 4605: 4603: 4295: 4252: 3992: 3863:Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America 3857:Kennedy D, Setnik G, Li J (November 2001). 3850: 3640: 3638: 3636: 3531: 3529: 3527: 3525: 3523: 3521: 3519: 3517: 3515: 3513: 3449: 3312: 3310: 3308: 3306: 3304: 3302: 3300: 2872: 2870: 2868: 2866: 2864: 2862: 2860: 2858: 2856: 2854: 2852: 2850: 2848: 2846: 2844: 2648: 12285:Chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency 11712: 11698: 11247: 11069: 11015: 10928: 10541: 10539: 10279: 8432: 8312: 8169: 8167: 8165: 7897: 7537: 7313: 7202: 6934: 6932: 6930: 6821: 6695: 6557: 6262: 6119: 6070: 5698: 5689: 5642: 5640: 5638: 5636: 5634: 5632: 5630: 5567: 5111: 4776:(Plain English summary). 31 October 2019. 4565: 4302:Abdul W, Hickey B, Wilson C (April 2016). 4121: 4033: 4031: 4029: 3889: 3764: 3410: 3408: 3253: 3206: 3204: 3202: 3200: 3198: 3094: 3092: 3048: 3046: 3044: 3042: 3040: 2940: 2926:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2842: 2840: 2838: 2836: 2834: 2832: 2830: 2828: 2826: 2824: 2262:In 1856, German physician and pathologist 518: 58: 30:"DVT" redirects here. For other uses, see 11530: 11455: 11406: 11396: 11312: 11271: 11230: 11220: 11096: 11078: 11052: 10998: 10974: 10957: 10831: 10822: 10753: 10736:Pascarella L, Pappas TN (February 2013). 10450: 10409: 10374: 10357: 10327: 10325: 10323: 10303: 10262: 10221: 10145: 10066: 10014: 9965: 9930: 9913: 9864: 9789: 9772: 9725:1983/5a398e70-6c7c-40bd-a8d4-53c24d84f1a2 9723: 9671: 9661: 9620: 9601:Journal of the American Heart Association 9568: 9501: 9482:The Western Journal of Emergency Medicine 9421: 9372: 9362: 9316: 9267: 9218: 9170: 9127: 8986: 8969: 8959: 8801: 8784: 8743: 8711: 8694: 8650: 8562: 8466: 8456: 8415: 8366: 8333: 8289: 8237: 8145: 8135: 8053: 8021: 8004: 7833: 7781: 7723: 7700: 7690: 7646: 7597: 7514: 7465: 7413: 7389: 7372: 7331: 7220: 7179: 7169: 7092: 7068: 7051: 7010: 7000: 6854: 6804: 6739: 6737: 6735: 6733: 6713: 6672: 6662: 6581: 6564:Svenungsson E, Antovic A (January 2020). 6540: 6530: 6465: 6463: 6443: 6433: 6392: 6368: 6351: 6341: 6202: 6192: 6151: 6102: 6053: 6043: 6002: 5992: 5951: 5941: 5919: 5917: 5897: 5887: 5846: 5762: 5672: 5550: 5501: 5470: 5410: 5377: 5360: 5319: 5284: 5259: 5226: 5178: 5146: 5129: 5107: 5105: 5103: 5101: 5081: 5071: 5030: 5006: 4954: 4912: 4880: 4863: 4742: 4690: 4680: 4639: 4629: 4583: 4559: 4542: 4532: 4491: 4446: 4429: 4419: 4395: 4378: 4368: 4351:Zietz A, Sutter R, De Marchis GM (2020). 4327: 4278: 4246: 4198: 4188: 4147: 4055: 3975: 3938: 3921: 3807: 3706: 3679: 3662: 3558: 3476: 3432: 3388: 3342: 3280: 3236: 3178: 3133: 3116: 3052: 3020: 2996: 2979: 2894: 2804: 2742: 2712: 2710: 2708: 2706: 2704: 2702: 2700: 2698: 2696: 2668: 2563: 1472:Alternative diagnosis at least as likely 999:of VTE is a risk factor for a first VTE. 774:when affecting the calf, and has limited 762:). DVT in a leg below the knee is termed 666: 11436:Methodist DeBakey Cardiovascular Journal 11288: 11193: 10565: 10238: 10113: 9810:10.7326/0003-4819-156-10-201205150-00423 9637: 9333: 9284: 9157:Washington University School of Medicine 9150: 9092: 9056: 8904: 8760: 8667: 8527: 8494: 8492: 8490: 8488: 8486: 8383: 8342: 8254: 8113: 8111: 8109: 7948: 7946: 7567: 7565: 7396:Palareti G, Schellong S (January 2012). 6886: 6884: 6882: 6168: 5342: 5336: 5047: 4963: 4600: 4177:Indian Journal of Critical Care Medicine 4164: 3633: 3510: 3297: 2644: 2642: 2640: 2638: 2636: 2634: 2277: 2239: 2148: 2078: 2022: 1916: 1555:for judging imaging methods is contrast 1248: 1180: 1131: 978: 808: 722: 451: 11329: 11181:Ornstein C, Jones RG (7 January 2015). 10939: 10914:. New York: Random House. p. 409. 10776: 10545: 10536: 10426: 10162: 9551:Partsch H, Blättler W (November 2000). 9012: 8852:Chatsis V, Visintini S (January 2017). 8823:10.7326/0003-4819-153-8-201010190-00009 8162: 8081: 7621:Ro A, Kageyama N, Mukai T (June 2017). 7614: 6927: 6607:Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology 5627: 4929:Scarvelis D, Wells PS (November 2007). 4796: 4115: 4026: 4001: 3723: 3405: 3195: 3089: 3037: 2821: 794:, which is near the top of the pelvis. 14: 12478: 11385:ClinicoEconomics and Outcomes Research 11335: 10729: 10666: 10640: 10320: 9982: 9595:Folsom AR, Cushman M (December 2020). 9144: 8588:"International normalized ratio (INR)" 7766:"The role of leukocytes in thrombosis" 7717: 7151: 6772: 6730: 6689: 6469: 6460: 6409: 6228:Journal of Thrombosis and Thrombolysis 5914: 5822: 5745:Rosendaal FR, Reitsma PH (July 2009). 5201: 5098: 4887:Scarvelis D, Wells PS (October 2006). 4224:"Management of venous thromboembolism" 4221: 3371:Wendelboe AM, Raskob GE (April 2016). 2774: 2772: 2770: 2768: 2766: 2764: 2762: 2723:Journal of Thrombosis and Thrombolysis 2693: 2442:An elevated level is greater than 250 2325:reported more than doubling the known 2316: 1344:experienced physicians can make a DVT 1093:catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome 950:disseminated intravascular coagulation 754:DVT in a leg above the knee is termed 283:(detach from the veins), travel as an 77: 12057:Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia 11693: 11483: 11295:Ruppert A, Steinle T, Lees M (2011). 11165: 11119: 10987:Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis 10909: 10614: 10210:Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis 10081:See section 6.0, Long-Distance Travel 8483: 8226:Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis 8106: 7943: 7906: 7863:Seminars in Thrombosis and Hemostasis 7562: 7550:from the original on 23 February 2011 7440:Chapin JC, Hajjar KA (January 2015). 7402:Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis 7289:"Deep venous thrombosis risk factors" 6976: 6942:Seminars in Thrombosis and Hemostasis 6879: 6758:10.1146/annurev-physiol-012110-142305 6278:Seminars in Thrombosis and Hemostasis 5968: 5751:Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis 5436:Seminars in Thrombosis and Hemostasis 5248:Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis 4972:Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine 4764: 4762: 4253:Mazer BA, Hughes PG (November 2018). 4124:"A case of phlegmasia cerulea dolens" 3760:from the original on 6 February 2013. 3695:Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis 2916: 2914: 2785:Seminars in Thrombosis and Hemostasis 2631: 1994:(prevention of a first VTE), and the 1868:The first rib, which is removed in a 1217:Tissue factor, via the tissue factor– 1115:, intravenous drug use, and smoking. 782:is described as involving either the 675:is a frequent mimic of DVT, with its 661:A depiction of a patent foramen ovale 593:DVT is thought to be able to cause a 527:(PE) occurs when a blood clot from a 447: 12062:Generalized essential telangiectasia 9748: 9469: 9444: 9389: 8948:Cardiovascular Diagnosis and Therapy 8579: 8445:Cardiovascular Diagnosis and Therapy 8124:Cardiovascular Diagnosis and Therapy 7954:"DDI/9290 clinical: D-dimer, plasma" 7495:Canadian Medical Association Journal 6843:Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine 6422:Clinical and Experimental Immunology 6324:Branchford BR, Carpenter SL (2018). 5930:Cardiovascular Diagnosis and Therapy 4935:Canadian Medical Association Journal 4893:Canadian Medical Association Journal 4669:Cardiovascular Diagnosis and Therapy 3956:Seminars in Interventional Radiology 3644: 3059:The American Journal of Managed Care 3055:"Overview of venous thromboembolism" 2657:Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine 2212:was diagnosed with an episode while 2083:An example of a compression stocking 1936: 817:Traditionally, the three factors of 345:, infection, inflammatory diseases, 124:, infection, inflammatory diseases, 10885:"My husband should be living today" 10524:from the original on 14 August 2012 9235: 9108:The New England Journal of Medicine 7764:Swystun LL, Liaw PC (August 2016). 7531: 7109: 6513:Knight CL, Nelson-Piercy C (2017). 6506: 4215: 2759: 2224:'s death at age 44. NBC journalist 1872:surgery, is labeled 1 in this image 1097:paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria 699:include tumors, venous or arterial 590:is a rare complication of arm DVT. 24: 7316:"Is thrombophilia testing useful?" 7040:Iranian Journal of Child Neurology 6696:Levi M, Scully M (February 2018). 5484:Keeling D, Alikhan R (June 2013). 5112:Kearon C, Kahn SR (January 2020). 4759: 4521:World Journal of Surgical Oncology 3459:Keeling D, Alikhan R (June 2013). 3159:Deutsches Ärzteblatt International 2911: 2345:, and a reduction in formation of 2049:intermittent pneumatic compression 1127: 586:is warranted to protect the limb. 442:intermittent pneumatic compression 195:intermittent pneumatic compression 116:Recent surgery, older age, active 25: 12507: 11079:Bagot CN, Arya R (October 2008). 10946:American Journal of Roentgenology 10695:The American Journal of Bioethics 9414:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.0452 9211:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.118.037425 8220:Le Gal G, Righini M (June 2015). 5073:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.118.037425 4081:Vascular and Endovascular Surgery 3739:Medicine and Health, Rhode Island 2922:"What is Venous Thromboembolism?" 1912:from thoracic outlet compression. 1826:contraindications to thrombolysis 1244:plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 718: 511:is a noted finding in those with 12212:Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis 11125: 11098:10.1111/j.1365-2141.2008.07323.x 11033:Clinical Medicine & Research 10903: 10877: 10851: 10796: 10777:Frankel TC (11 September 2016). 10770: 10660: 10634: 10608: 10510: 10402:10.1182/bloodadvances.2018024786 10098:from the original on 3 June 2016 9958:10.1182/bloodadvances.2018024802 9881: 9688: 9518: 9447:"What kind of doctor do I need?" 9438: 8878:The American Journal of Medicine 8868: 8786:10.1111/j.1365-2141.2011.08753.x 8736:10.1182/bloodadvances.2018024893 8696:10.1111/j.1365-2141.2012.09196.x 8618: 8606: 8306: 7415:10.1111/j.1538-7836.2011.04564.x 7203:Reikvam H, Tiu RV (April 2012). 6905:10.1111/j.1399-0004.2011.01746.x 6619:10.1016/j.critrevonc.2017.08.003 5764:10.1111/j.1538-7836.2009.03394.x 5665:10.1182/bloodadvances.2018022954 5412:10.1111/j.1365-2141.2010.08206.x 4566:Bauersachs RM (September 2012). 3708:10.1111/j.1538-7836.2007.02847.x 3539:The Medical Journal of Australia 3229:10.1182/bloodadvances.2020001830 2972:10.1182/bloodadvances.2019000975 2649:Bartholomew JR (December 2017). 2597:The Medical Journal of Australia 2544: 2535: 2526: 2517: 2504: 2495: 2474: 2462: 2453: 2436: 2426: 2417: 2366:cerebral venous sinus thrombosis 2204:. She was first diagnosed while 2018: 2010:Hospital (non-surgical) patients 1893: 1877: 1861: 1807: 1704: 1695: 1611: 1599: 1576: 1564: 1089:heparin-induced thrombocytopenia 654: 642: 626: 10832:Rodriguez D (12 October 2018). 10586:10.1016/j.disamonth.2018.12.005 9351:Journal of Medical Case Reports 9260:10.1161/CIRCOUTCOMES.119.005659 7333:10.1182/asheducation-2011.1.150 7196: 7145: 6219: 5779: 5747:"Genetics of venous thrombosis" 5345:"Factor V Leiden thrombophilia" 5214:from the original on 8 May 2021 5208:North American Thrombosis Forum 5195: 4508: 4344: 4072: 4004:"Pulmonary embolism: an update" 2408: 2391: 2358: 2120: 1317:clinical probability assessment 1267:early-growth-response protein 1 948:can contribute to both VTE and 199:graduated compression stockings 12163:Hepatic veno-occlusive disease 11273:10.1016/j.thromres.2014.11.024 11085:British Journal of Haematology 10350:10.1016/j.thromres.2015.11.033 10183:10.1016/j.thromres.2017.07.026 10138:10.1002/14651858.CD004002.pub4 9663:10.1002/14651858.CD008203.pub3 9151:Bhandari T (6 December 2017). 8773:British Journal of Haematology 8683:British Journal of Haematology 8643:10.1002/14651858.CD001367.pub3 8408:10.1002/14651858.CD003746.pub2 7152:Lu HY, Liao KM (August 2018). 7131:10.1016/j.thromres.2015.04.006 5800:10.1016/j.psychres.2016.04.105 5490:British Journal of Haematology 5399:British Journal of Haematology 3465:British Journal of Haematology 3053:Phillippe HM (December 2017). 2347:neutrophil extracellular traps 2331:American Society of Hematology 2069:American Society of Hematology 1818:catheter-directed thrombolysis 1686:international normalized ratio 1208:neutrophil extracellular traps 1065:activated protein C resistance 799:European Society of Cardiology 711:, muscle vein thrombosis, and 531:(a DVT) detaches from a vein ( 487:can cause both legs to swell. 397: 299:(PE). DVT and PE comprise the 214:catheter-directed thrombolysis 13: 1: 11975:Aneurysm of sinus of Valsalva 11829:Monckeberg's arteriosclerosis 10707:10.1080/15265161.2020.1861384 10615:Perez AJ (17 February 2016). 10546:Haskell R (10 January 2018). 9716:10.1016/S2352-3026(16)30184-3 9078:10.1016/S2352-3026(15)00248-3 9034:10.1016/S0140-6736(11)61753-4 8335:10.7860/IJARS/2019/40329:2458 8313:Häggström, M (January 2019). 7738:10.1016/S0049-3848(09)70140-9 7374:10.1080/17474086.2020.1804354 7258:10.1016/S0140-6736(05)71880-8 3875:10.1016/s0733-8627(05)70223-6 3390:10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.115.306841 3282:10.1080/16078454.2019.1687144 2556: 2027:The incision for a completed 1972: 1800:in asymptomatic individuals. 1672:(non-oral) medicines include 1623: 1007:resistant to inactivation by 987:system, often described as a 869:fractures are also risks. In 268:involving the formation of a 12280:Chronic venous insufficiency 11905:Aortoiliac occlusive disease 11314:10.3111/13696998.2010.546465 11301:Journal of Medical Economics 9494:10.5811/westjem.2016.5.29951 8890:10.1016/j.amjmed.2015.11.031 8368:10.1161/CIR.0b013e318214914f 7783:10.1182/blood-2016-05-718114 7094:10.1182/blood-2014-09-551978 7002:10.3324/haematol.2019.224279 6715:10.1182/blood-2017-10-804096 6570:Journal of Internal Medicine 6394:10.1161/CIR.0000000000000769 6194:10.1371/journal.pmed.1003101 5848:10.1161/STR.0000000000000098 5605:10.1097/CCM.0b013e3181c9cbd9 5362:10.1097/GIM.0b013e3181faa0f2 5343:Kujovich JL (January 2011). 5202:Piazza G (19 October 2019). 4984:10.1097/MCP.0b013e328349a9e3 4122:Turner DPB (November 1952). 2482:randomized controlled trials 2399:combined oral contraceptives 2302: 2091: 2074: 2058: 1798:CT of the abdomen and pelvis 1674:low-molecular-weight heparin 1310: 1059:Blood alterations including 1025:deficiencies in antithrombin 970:hormonal replacement therapy 938:systemic lupus erythematosus 881:, and in survivors of acute 693:chronic venous insufficiency 515:and is associated with DVT. 493:superficial thrombophlebitis 230:low-molecular-weight heparin 179:chronic venous insufficiency 7: 12295:Inferior vena cava syndrome 12290:Superior vena cava syndrome 12017:Vertebral artery dissection 12007:Intracranial berry aneurysm 11209:European Respiratory Review 11141:Journal of Nuclear Medicine 10940:Goodman LR (October 2013). 9798:Annals of Internal Medicine 9557:Journal of Vascular Surgery 8811:Annals of Internal Medicine 8513:10.1016/j.chest.2015.11.026 8176:Annals of Internal Medicine 8082:Pyzocha N (December 2019). 7627:Annals of Vascular Diseases 7361:Expert Review of Hematology 6746:Annual Review of Physiology 6651:European Respiratory Review 6144:10.1016/j.chest.2020.11.005 4008:Australian Family Physician 4002:Doherty S (November 2017). 2208:in 1998 and again in 2009. 1516:Use of oral contraceptives 1206:pro-coagulant granules and 709:superficial vein thrombosis 705:connective tissue disorders 588:Superior vena cava syndrome 489:Superficial vein thrombosis 291:that supplies blood to the 10: 12512: 12396:Hypertensive heart disease 12047:Arteriovenous malformation 12022:Familial aortic dissection 11222:10.1183/16000617.0025-2016 10912:Jimmy Stewart: A Biography 10755:10.1177/000313481307900222 10476:Thrombosis and Haemostasis 10257:(43): 3033–69, 3069a–69k. 7826:10.1161/ATVBAHA.119.312463 7590:10.1161/ATVBAHA.110.213405 7544:Disease Management Project 7458:10.1016/j.blre.2014.09.003 6664:10.1183/16000617.0119-2018 6240:10.1007/s11239-020-02211-7 5321:10.1161/ATVBAHA.111.242818 5032:10.1001/jamasurg.2016.1770 4585:10.1016/j.beha.2012.07.004 4271:10.5811/cpcem.2018.8.39444 4190:10.4103/ijccm.IJCCM_183_16 3664:10.1161/ATVBAHA.108.162818 3421:Thrombosis and Haemostasis 3022:10.1161/ATVBAHA.114.304488 2374:splanchnic vein thrombosis 2372:), spleen and intestines ( 2321:A 2019 study published in 2293:direct oral anticoagulants 2235: 1931:absolutely contraindicated 1297:fibrin degradation product 1263:hypoxia-inducible factor-1 1023:—contribute to VTE. These 922:inflammatory bowel disease 505:Migratory thrombophlebitis 226:Direct oral anticoagulants 29: 12451: 12421:Renovascular hypertension 12386: 12377: 12364:Hepatic artery thrombosis 12312: 12272: 12227: 12131: 12113: 12104: 12072: 12032: 12012:Carotid artery dissection 11965:Abdominal aortic aneurysm 11937: 11897: 11874: 11815:Intermittent claudication 11785: 11778:Peripheral artery disease 11776: 11746: 11728: 11641: 11552: 10667:Moisse K (2 March 2011). 9364:10.1186/s13256-016-0848-0 9309:10.1007/s40122-019-0124-2 8917:American Family Physician 8282:10.1016/j.ccm.2018.04.003 8270:Clinics in Chest Medicine 8088:American Family Physician 7997:10.1016/j.ahj.2013.01.024 7171:10.1186/s12882-018-0989-z 5889:10.1186/s13102-018-0092-6 5713:10.1258/phleb.2012.012S31 3914:10.1038/s41416-019-0510-x 3902:British Journal of Cancer 3611:10.1007/s11936-017-0518-6 3335:10.1038/s41588-019-0519-3 3171:10.3238/arztebl.2017.0244 2735:10.1007/s11239-015-1311-6 2272:impedance plethysmography 2144: 2035:Major orthopedic surgery— 1979:prevention of blood clots 1947:general internal medicine 1927:inferior vena cava filter 1886:Paget–Schroetter syndrome 1846:Paget–Schroetter syndrome 1756:Investigations for cancer 1662:direct thrombin inhibitor 1656:(a factor Xa inhibitor), 1238:, cytokines that promote 1113:essential thrombocythemia 934:antiphospholipid syndrome 895:Paget–Schroetter syndrome 857:increase risk because of 841:components, the state of 804: 572:phlegmasia cerulea dolens 559:). The chest pain can be 347:antiphospholipid syndrome 247: 219: 208: 185: 156: 144: 138:period following delivery 126:antiphospholipid syndrome 110: 97: 83: 71: 66: 57: 49: 44: 12406:Hypertensive nephropathy 12219:Post-thrombotic syndrome 12200:Paget–Schroetter disease 11992:Coronary artery aneurysm 11970:Thoracic aortic aneurysm 10264:10.1093/eurheartj/ehu283 10053:(2 Suppl): e195S–e226S. 10001:(2 Suppl): e691S–e736S. 9851:(2 Suppl): e278S–e325S. 9774:10.1093/eurheartj/eht046 9009:" London, 26 March 2020. 7921:10.1177/0268355515569424 7540:"Venous thromboembolism" 7538:Kim ES, Bartholomew JR. 6045:10.3389/fimmu.2019.02569 5981:Case Reports in Medicine 5131:10.1182/blood.2019002364 4817:10.1177/0003319708316897 4631:10.3389/fimmu.2019.01348 4478:(2 Suppl): e351S–e418S. 4370:10.3389/fneur.2020.00336 4093:10.1177/1538574410388309 4057:10.1093/eurheartj/ehz405 3828:10.1177/0003319708316897 3118:10.1182/blood.2019000918 2896:10.1093/eurheartj/ehx003 2352: 2029:knee replacement surgery 1967:Interventional radiology 1842:thoracic outlet syndrome 1742:post-thrombotic syndrome 1413:Previous documented DVT 1360:Dutch Primary Care Rule 891:thoracic outlet syndrome 495:, is the formation of a 316:post-thrombotic syndrome 104:Post-thrombotic syndrome 12461:Orthostatic hypotension 12443:White coat hypertension 11920:Fibromuscular dysplasia 11884:Carotid artery stenosis 10641:Martin J (4 May 2016). 9613:10.1161/JAHA.120.019395 9570:10.1067/mva.2000.110352 9183:" London, 12 June 2019. 8961:10.21037/cdt.2017.09.12 8594:. Treasure Island, FL. 8458:10.21037/cdt.2017.11.03 8137:10.21037/cdt.2017.09.01 7639:10.3400/avd.ra.17-00035 7295:. Treasure Island, FL. 6343:10.3389/fped.2018.00142 6330:Frontiers in Pediatrics 6032:Frontiers in Immunology 5943:10.21037/cdt.2017.08.15 4682:10.21037/cdt.2016.12.06 4618:Frontiers in Immunology 4320:10.1136/bcr-2016-215078 4140:10.1136/bmj.2.4795.1183 4128:British Medical Journal 2386:ovarian vein thrombosis 2370:retinal vein thrombosis 2288:subcutaneous injections 1584:Doppler ultrasonography 1424:Swelling of entire leg 1341:Dutch Primary Care Rule 1271:reactive oxygen species 1240:endothelial dysfunction 519:Potential complications 349:, personal history and 12433:Pulmonary hypertension 12416:Secondary hypertension 12411:Essential hypertension 12401:Hypertensive emergency 12242:Portacaval anastomosis 12178:Portal vein thrombosis 11820:Critical limb ischemia 11721:Cardiovascular disease 11487:Venous thromboembolism 11448:10.14797/mdcj-14-3-173 10520:. American Red Cross. 10452:10.1001/jama.2011.2029 10251:European Heart Journal 9900:(2 Suppl): e227S–77S. 9761:European Heart Journal 9704:The Lancet Haematology 9530:Johns Hopkins Medicine 9066:The Lancet Haematology 8549:(2 Suppl): e419S–96S. 7985:American Heart Journal 7875:10.1055/s-0038-1677040 6954:10.1055/s-0032-1315758 6856:10.3949/ccjm.79a.11072 6484:10.1055/s-0032-1311791 6290:10.1055/s-0038-1661387 5593:Critical Care Medicine 5448:10.1055/s-0038-1657779 4421:10.4244/EIJ-D-18-00622 4357:Frontiers in Neurology 4044:European Heart Journal 3968:10.1055/s-0038-1642036 2883:European Heart Journal 2797:10.1055/s-0036-1592333 2283: 2245: 2157: 2084: 2041:total knee replacement 2032: 2004:number needed to treat 1922: 1682:unfractionated heparin 1534:compression ultrasound 1494:Absence of leg trauma 1254: 1194: 1136: 1105:chronic kidney disease 1063:, low free protein S, 992: 900:Infections, including 814: 737:venous thromboembolism 734:cardiovascular disease 729: 697:differential diagnoses 667:Differential diagnosis 621:into the left atrium. 565:compression ultrasound 501:vein close to the skin 457: 363:period following birth 355:hormonal birth control 305:venous thromboembolism 301:cardiovascular disease 238:unfractionated heparin 158:Differential diagnosis 134:hormonal birth control 128:, personal history or 53:Deep venous thrombosis 18:Deep venous thrombosis 12438:Systolic hypertension 12183:Renal vein thrombosis 12042:Arteriovenous fistula 12034:Vascular malformation 12002:Intracranial aneurysm 11889:Renal artery stenosis 11350:10.1592/phco.29.8.943 10059:10.1378/chest.11-2296 10007:10.1378/chest.11-2300 9906:10.1378/chest.11-2297 9857:10.1378/chest.11-2404 9445:Moll S (9 May 2012). 9120:10.1056/NEJMoa1615066 8884:(4): 447.e1–447.e20. 8555:10.1378/chest.11-2301 7314:Middeldorp S (2011). 6095:10.1378/chest.15-0287 4782:10.3310/signal-000830 4534:10.1186/1477-7819-6-6 4484:10.1378/chest.11-2299 3645:Moll S (March 2008). 3065:(20 Suppl): S376–82. 2670:10.3949/ccjm.84.s3.04 2663:(12 Suppl 3): 39–46. 2403:Progestogen-only pill 2382:renal vein thrombosis 2281: 2243: 2152: 2135:varies with ethnicity 2082: 2065:postpartum hemorrhage 2037:total hip replacement 2026: 1920: 1252: 1203:activated endothelium 1191:brachiocephalic veins 1184: 1135: 1050:fibrinogen gamma gene 1038:von Willebrand factor 982: 829:, and changes in the 812: 776:clinical significance 742:DVT is classified as 726: 597:in the presence of a 551:, coughing up blood ( 509:Trousseau's syndrome) 497:blood clot (thrombus) 455: 381:and the mutations of 12352:Paradoxical embolism 12347:Cholesterol embolism 12173:May–Thurner syndrome 12168:Budd–Chiari syndrome 12151:Deep vein thrombosis 12146:primarily lower limb 11925:Raynaud's phenomenon 11678:Deep vein thrombosis 11523:10.1378/chest.1412S3 11045:10.3121/cmr.2009.866 10959:10.2214/AJR.13.10604 10742:The American Surgeon 10488:10.1160/TH10-08-0510 8954:(Suppl 3): S207–18. 8451:(Suppl 3): S134–39. 8232:(Suppl 1): S259–65. 8130:(Suppl 3): S276–84. 7692:10.3390/ijms21062080 7546:. Cleveland Clinic. 7222:10.1038/leu.2011.314 6532:10.2147/OARRR.S87828 5936:(Suppl 3): S285–90. 5543:10.2450/2010.0066-10 5349:Genetics in Medicine 4865:10.1001/jama.2010.43 3434:10.1160/TH17-02-0134 3377:Circulation Research 2378:Budd–Chiari syndrome 2045:hip fracture surgery 1988:Western pattern diet 1925:The placement of an 1762:physical examination 1642:vitamin K antagonist 1357:Wells score for DVT 1346:pre-test probability 1325:emergency department 1229:rich. Platelets and 1073:hyperhomocysteinemia 887:May–Thurner syndrome 611:patent foramen ovale 603:paradoxical embolism 580:compartment syndrome 327:decreased blood flow 258:Deep vein thrombosis 136:, pregnancy and the 45:Deep vein thrombosis 32:DVT (disambiguation) 12428:Benign hypertension 11517:(2 Suppl): 7S–47S. 11398:10.2147/CEOR.S85635 11260:Thrombosis Research 10783:The Washington Post 10338:Thrombosis Research 10171:Thrombosis Research 7732:(Suppl 4): S30–34. 7726:Thrombosis Research 7507:10.1503/cmaj.091692 7119:Thrombosis Research 5994:10.1155/2014/758010 5788:Psychiatry Research 5757:(Suppl 1): 301–04. 4947:10.1503/cmaj.071550 4905:10.1503/cmaj.060366 2317:Research directions 2216:, and TV show host 1870:first rib resection 1854:first rib resection 1650:factor Xa inhibitor 1158:(behind the knee), 1145:coagulation cascade 1054:prothrombin G20210A 1009:activated protein C 918:autoimmune diseases 788:common femoral vein 601:. This is called a 545:shortness of breath 387:prothrombin G20210A 295:. This is called a 12342:Pulmonary embolism 12252:Esophageal varices 12190:upper limb / torso 11834:Arteriolosclerosis 11642:External resources 11187:The New York Times 10865:. 27 December 2011 10305:10.5271/sjweh.3841 9457:on 28 January 2020 8613:Guyatt et al. 2012 6583:10.1111/joim.13022 5171:10.1002/rth2.12482 4234:on 27 January 2012 4222:Owings JT (2005). 3551:10.5694/mja2.50004 3505:Guyatt et al. 2012 3077:on 30 January 2020 2609:10.5694/mja2.50201 2297:The New York Times 2284: 2246: 2169:and hall of famer 2158: 2085: 2033: 1992:primary prevention 1923: 1549:CT scan venography 1543:color flow Doppler 1255: 1253:D-dimer production 1195: 1164:inferior vena cava 1137: 1101:nephrotic syndrome 993: 958:as does pregnancy. 926:systemic sclerosis 871:orthopedic surgery 827:hypercoagulability 815: 730: 635:pulmonary arteries 615:interatrial septum 525:pulmonary embolism 485:inferior vena cava 458: 448:Signs and symptoms 369:, deficiencies of 297:pulmonary embolism 193:(blood thinners), 12473: 12472: 12469: 12468: 12313:Arteries or veins 12308: 12307: 12133:Venous thrombosis 12100: 12099: 12082:Cherry hemangioma 11982:Aortic dissection 11933: 11932: 11768:Buerger's disease 11687: 11686: 11484:Dalen JE (2003). 11000:10.1111/jth.12127 10223:10.1111/jth.14728 9402:JAMA Network Open 8239:10.1111/jth.12937 8046:10.1136/bmj.g1340 7991:(4): 523–530.e3. 7960:on 8 October 2012 7915:(1 Suppl): 7–13. 7252:(9465): 1163–74. 6893:Clinical Genetics 6797:10.1136/bmj.e4944 6435:10.1111/cei.13243 5707:(Suppl 2): 2–11. 5599:(2 Suppl): S3-9. 5531:Blood Transfusion 5503:10.1111/bjh.12306 5261:10.1111/jth.14759 4735:10.1136/bmj.l4363 4314:: bcr2016215078. 4134:(4795): 1183–85. 3478:10.1111/bjh.12306 2484:that demonstrate 2397:Third-generation 1963:vascular medicine 1937:Field of medicine 1822:bottom left image 1592:deep femoral vein 1526: 1525: 1378:tibial tuberosity 1275:nuclear factor-κB 1231:white blood cells 1109:polycythemia vera 1083:levels, and high 1061:dysfibrinogenemia 930:Behçet's syndrome 893:, which includes 792:common iliac vein 555:), and fainting ( 513:pancreatic cancer 335:blood vessel wall 333:, changes to the 266:venous thrombosis 255: 254: 212:Anticoagulation, 146:Diagnostic method 140:, genetic factors 39:Medical condition 16:(Redirected from 12503: 12384: 12383: 12195:Mondor's disease 12138:Thrombophlebitis 12111: 12110: 11787:Arteriosclerosis 11783: 11782: 11744: 11743: 11714: 11707: 11700: 11691: 11690: 11550: 11549: 11544: 11534: 11501: 11477:Cited literature 11470: 11469: 11459: 11427: 11421: 11420: 11410: 11400: 11376: 11370: 11369: 11333: 11327: 11326: 11316: 11292: 11286: 11285: 11275: 11251: 11245: 11244: 11234: 11224: 11215:(141): 295–302. 11200: 11191: 11190: 11178: 11169: 11163: 11157: 11156: 11138: 11129: 11123: 11117: 11111: 11110: 11100: 11076: 11067: 11066: 11056: 11024: 11013: 11012: 11002: 10978: 10972: 10971: 10961: 10937: 10926: 10925: 10910:Eliot M (2006). 10907: 10901: 10900: 10898: 10896: 10881: 10875: 10874: 10872: 10870: 10855: 10849: 10848: 10846: 10844: 10829: 10820: 10819: 10817: 10815: 10800: 10794: 10793: 10791: 10789: 10774: 10768: 10767: 10757: 10733: 10727: 10726: 10690: 10684: 10683: 10681: 10679: 10664: 10658: 10657: 10655: 10653: 10638: 10632: 10631: 10629: 10627: 10612: 10606: 10605: 10569: 10563: 10562: 10560: 10558: 10543: 10534: 10533: 10531: 10529: 10514: 10508: 10507: 10471: 10465: 10464: 10454: 10430: 10424: 10423: 10413: 10396:(22): 3292–316. 10381: 10372: 10371: 10361: 10329: 10318: 10317: 10307: 10283: 10277: 10276: 10266: 10242: 10236: 10235: 10225: 10201: 10195: 10194: 10166: 10160: 10159: 10149: 10117: 10111: 10110: 10105: 10103: 10088: 10082: 10080: 10070: 10038: 10029: 10028: 10018: 9986: 9980: 9979: 9969: 9937: 9928: 9927: 9917: 9885: 9879: 9878: 9868: 9836: 9830: 9829: 9793: 9787: 9786: 9776: 9752: 9746: 9745: 9727: 9701: 9692: 9686: 9685: 9675: 9665: 9656:(12): CD008203. 9641: 9635: 9634: 9624: 9592: 9583: 9582: 9572: 9548: 9542: 9541: 9539: 9537: 9522: 9516: 9515: 9505: 9473: 9467: 9466: 9464: 9462: 9453:. Archived from 9442: 9436: 9435: 9425: 9393: 9387: 9386: 9376: 9366: 9342: 9331: 9330: 9320: 9297:Pain and Therapy 9288: 9282: 9281: 9271: 9239: 9233: 9232: 9222: 9190: 9184: 9177: 9168: 9167: 9165: 9163: 9148: 9142: 9141: 9131: 9099: 9090: 9089: 9060: 9054: 9053: 9016: 9010: 9003: 8984: 8983: 8973: 8963: 8939: 8933: 8932: 8908: 8902: 8901: 8872: 8866: 8865: 8849: 8843: 8842: 8805: 8799: 8798: 8788: 8764: 8758: 8757: 8747: 8715: 8709: 8708: 8698: 8674: 8665: 8664: 8654: 8622: 8616: 8610: 8604: 8603: 8583: 8577: 8576: 8566: 8534: 8525: 8524: 8496: 8481: 8480: 8470: 8460: 8436: 8430: 8429: 8419: 8387: 8381: 8380: 8370: 8361:(16): 1788–830. 8346: 8340: 8339: 8337: 8319: 8310: 8304: 8303: 8293: 8261: 8252: 8251: 8241: 8217: 8208: 8207: 8188:10.7326/M17-0291 8171: 8160: 8159: 8149: 8139: 8115: 8104: 8103: 8079: 8068: 8067: 8057: 8025: 8019: 8018: 8008: 7976: 7970: 7969: 7967: 7965: 7950: 7941: 7940: 7904: 7895: 7894: 7854: 7848: 7847: 7837: 7805: 7796: 7795: 7785: 7761: 7750: 7749: 7721: 7715: 7714: 7704: 7694: 7670: 7661: 7660: 7650: 7618: 7612: 7611: 7601: 7569: 7560: 7559: 7557: 7555: 7535: 7529: 7528: 7518: 7486: 7480: 7479: 7469: 7437: 7428: 7427: 7417: 7393: 7387: 7386: 7376: 7352: 7346: 7345: 7335: 7311: 7305: 7304: 7284: 7278: 7277: 7241: 7235: 7234: 7224: 7200: 7194: 7193: 7183: 7173: 7149: 7143: 7142: 7113: 7107: 7106: 7096: 7072: 7066: 7065: 7055: 7031: 7025: 7024: 7014: 7004: 6980: 6974: 6973: 6936: 6925: 6924: 6888: 6877: 6876: 6858: 6840: 6832: 6819: 6818: 6808: 6776: 6770: 6769: 6741: 6728: 6727: 6717: 6693: 6687: 6686: 6676: 6666: 6642: 6631: 6630: 6602: 6596: 6595: 6585: 6561: 6555: 6554: 6544: 6534: 6510: 6504: 6503: 6467: 6458: 6457: 6447: 6437: 6413: 6407: 6406: 6396: 6372: 6366: 6365: 6355: 6345: 6321: 6310: 6309: 6275: 6266: 6260: 6259: 6223: 6217: 6216: 6206: 6196: 6172: 6166: 6165: 6155: 6123: 6117: 6116: 6106: 6074: 6068: 6067: 6057: 6047: 6023: 6017: 6016: 6006: 5996: 5972: 5966: 5965: 5955: 5945: 5921: 5912: 5911: 5901: 5891: 5867: 5861: 5860: 5850: 5826: 5820: 5819: 5783: 5777: 5776: 5766: 5742: 5733: 5732: 5696: 5687: 5686: 5676: 5659:(22): 3198–225. 5644: 5625: 5624: 5588: 5565: 5564: 5554: 5522: 5516: 5515: 5505: 5481: 5468: 5467: 5431: 5425: 5424: 5414: 5390: 5375: 5374: 5364: 5340: 5334: 5333: 5323: 5299: 5282: 5281: 5263: 5239: 5224: 5223: 5221: 5219: 5199: 5193: 5192: 5182: 5150: 5144: 5143: 5133: 5109: 5096: 5095: 5085: 5075: 5051: 5045: 5044: 5034: 5010: 5004: 5003: 4967: 4961: 4960: 4958: 4926: 4916: 4884: 4878: 4877: 4867: 4843: 4837: 4836: 4800: 4794: 4793: 4766: 4757: 4756: 4746: 4714: 4705: 4704: 4694: 4684: 4660: 4654: 4653: 4643: 4633: 4609: 4598: 4597: 4587: 4563: 4557: 4556: 4546: 4536: 4512: 4506: 4505: 4495: 4463: 4444: 4443: 4433: 4423: 4414:(13): 1389–402. 4408:EuroIntervention 4399: 4393: 4392: 4382: 4372: 4348: 4342: 4341: 4331: 4308:BMJ Case Reports 4299: 4293: 4292: 4282: 4250: 4244: 4243: 4241: 4239: 4219: 4213: 4212: 4202: 4192: 4168: 4162: 4161: 4151: 4119: 4113: 4112: 4076: 4070: 4069: 4059: 4035: 4024: 4023: 3999: 3990: 3989: 3979: 3947: 3936: 3935: 3925: 3893: 3887: 3886: 3854: 3848: 3847: 3811: 3805: 3804: 3785:10.1136/bmj.k351 3768: 3762: 3761: 3759: 3736: 3727: 3721: 3720: 3710: 3686: 3677: 3676: 3666: 3642: 3631: 3630: 3594: 3581: 3580: 3562: 3533: 3508: 3502: 3491: 3490: 3480: 3456: 3447: 3446: 3436: 3412: 3403: 3402: 3392: 3368: 3357: 3356: 3346: 3314: 3295: 3294: 3284: 3260: 3251: 3250: 3240: 3223:(19): 4693–738. 3208: 3193: 3192: 3182: 3150: 3131: 3130: 3120: 3096: 3087: 3086: 3084: 3082: 3073:. Archived from 3050: 3035: 3034: 3024: 3000: 2994: 2993: 2983: 2966:(23): 3898–944. 2951: 2938: 2937: 2935: 2933: 2918: 2909: 2908: 2898: 2874: 2819: 2818: 2808: 2776: 2757: 2756: 2746: 2714: 2691: 2690: 2672: 2654: 2646: 2629: 2628: 2592: 2551: 2548: 2542: 2539: 2533: 2530: 2524: 2521: 2515: 2512:prothrombin time 2508: 2502: 2499: 2493: 2478: 2472: 2466: 2460: 2457: 2451: 2440: 2434: 2430: 2424: 2421: 2415: 2412: 2406: 2395: 2389: 2384:), and ovaries ( 2362: 2251:Sushruta Samhita 1959:vascular surgery 1897: 1881: 1865: 1782:hepatic function 1774:full blood count 1770:cancer screening 1768:, and universal 1708: 1699: 1615: 1603: 1580: 1568: 1351: 1350: 1331:is the standard 875:orthopedic casts 813:Depiction of DVT 658: 646: 630: 541:pulmonary artery 491:, also known as 331:tendency to clot 289:pulmonary artery 62: 42: 41: 21: 12511: 12510: 12506: 12505: 12504: 12502: 12501: 12500: 12476: 12475: 12474: 12465: 12447: 12373: 12330:Microangiopathy 12325:Macroangiopathy 12304: 12268: 12237:Gastric varices 12223: 12136: 12127: 12096: 12068: 12028: 11960:Aortic aneurysm 11946: 11929: 11915:Erythromelalgia 11893: 11870: 11795:Atherosclerosis 11772: 11736: 11724: 11718: 11688: 11683: 11682: 11637: 11636: 11561: 11547: 11498: 11474: 11473: 11428: 11424: 11377: 11373: 11338:Pharmacotherapy 11334: 11330: 11293: 11289: 11252: 11248: 11201: 11194: 11179: 11172: 11164: 11160: 11136: 11130: 11126: 11118: 11114: 11077: 11070: 11039:(3–4): 168–72. 11025: 11016: 10979: 10975: 10938: 10929: 10922: 10908: 10904: 10894: 10892: 10883: 10882: 10878: 10868: 10866: 10857: 10856: 10852: 10842: 10840: 10838:Everyday Health 10830: 10823: 10813: 10811: 10802: 10801: 10797: 10787: 10785: 10775: 10771: 10734: 10730: 10691: 10687: 10677: 10675: 10665: 10661: 10651: 10649: 10639: 10635: 10625: 10623: 10613: 10609: 10574:Disease-a-Month 10570: 10566: 10556: 10554: 10544: 10537: 10527: 10525: 10516: 10515: 10511: 10472: 10468: 10431: 10427: 10382: 10375: 10330: 10321: 10284: 10280: 10243: 10239: 10202: 10198: 10167: 10163: 10132:(4): CD004002. 10118: 10114: 10101: 10099: 10090: 10089: 10085: 10039: 10032: 9987: 9983: 9952:(22): 3317–59. 9938: 9931: 9886: 9882: 9837: 9833: 9794: 9790: 9767:(24): 1800–06. 9753: 9749: 9699: 9693: 9689: 9642: 9638: 9607:(23): e019395. 9593: 9586: 9549: 9545: 9535: 9533: 9524: 9523: 9519: 9474: 9470: 9460: 9458: 9443: 9439: 9394: 9390: 9343: 9334: 9289: 9285: 9254:(10): e005659. 9240: 9236: 9191: 9187: 9178: 9171: 9161: 9159: 9149: 9145: 9114:(23): 2240–52. 9100: 9093: 9061: 9057: 9028:(9810): 31–38. 9017: 9013: 9004: 8987: 8940: 8936: 8909: 8905: 8873: 8869: 8850: 8846: 8806: 8802: 8765: 8761: 8730:(22): 3257–91. 8716: 8712: 8675: 8668: 8637:(8): CD001367. 8623: 8619: 8611: 8607: 8584: 8580: 8535: 8528: 8497: 8484: 8437: 8433: 8402:(1): CD003746. 8388: 8384: 8347: 8343: 8317: 8311: 8307: 8262: 8255: 8218: 8211: 8172: 8163: 8116: 8107: 8080: 8071: 8040:(7949): g1340. 8026: 8022: 7977: 7973: 7963: 7961: 7952: 7951: 7944: 7905: 7898: 7855: 7851: 7806: 7799: 7762: 7753: 7722: 7718: 7671: 7664: 7619: 7615: 7570: 7563: 7553: 7551: 7536: 7532: 7487: 7483: 7438: 7431: 7394: 7390: 7353: 7349: 7312: 7308: 7285: 7281: 7242: 7238: 7201: 7197: 7150: 7146: 7114: 7110: 7087:(11): 1285–93. 7073: 7069: 7032: 7028: 6981: 6977: 6937: 6928: 6889: 6880: 6833: 6822: 6791:(7872): e4944. 6777: 6773: 6742: 6731: 6694: 6690: 6657:(151): 180119. 6643: 6634: 6603: 6599: 6562: 6558: 6511: 6507: 6468: 6461: 6414: 6410: 6387:(24): e914–31. 6373: 6369: 6322: 6313: 6273: 6267: 6263: 6224: 6220: 6187:(5): e1003101. 6173: 6169: 6124: 6120: 6075: 6071: 6024: 6020: 5973: 5969: 5922: 5915: 5868: 5864: 5841:(6): e98–e169. 5827: 5823: 5784: 5780: 5743: 5736: 5697: 5690: 5645: 5628: 5589: 5568: 5523: 5519: 5482: 5471: 5432: 5428: 5391: 5378: 5341: 5337: 5300: 5285: 5240: 5227: 5217: 5215: 5200: 5196: 5151: 5147: 5110: 5099: 5052: 5048: 5011: 5007: 4968: 4964: 4927: 4885: 4881: 4844: 4840: 4801: 4797: 4768: 4767: 4760: 4729:(8209): l4363. 4715: 4708: 4661: 4657: 4610: 4601: 4564: 4560: 4513: 4509: 4464: 4447: 4400: 4396: 4349: 4345: 4300: 4296: 4251: 4247: 4237: 4235: 4220: 4216: 4169: 4165: 4120: 4116: 4077: 4073: 4036: 4027: 4000: 3993: 3948: 3939: 3894: 3890: 3855: 3851: 3812: 3808: 3769: 3765: 3757: 3734: 3728: 3724: 3687: 3680: 3643: 3634: 3595: 3584: 3534: 3511: 3503: 3494: 3457: 3450: 3427:(12): 2243–60. 3413: 3406: 3369: 3360: 3329:(11): 1574–79. 3323:Nature Genetics 3315: 3298: 3261: 3254: 3209: 3196: 3151: 3134: 3097: 3090: 3080: 3078: 3051: 3038: 3015:(11): 2363–71. 3001: 2997: 2952: 2941: 2931: 2929: 2928:. 14 March 2019 2920: 2919: 2912: 2889:(47): 4208–18. 2875: 2822: 2777: 2760: 2715: 2694: 2647: 2632: 2593: 2564: 2559: 2554: 2549: 2545: 2540: 2536: 2531: 2527: 2522: 2518: 2509: 2505: 2500: 2496: 2479: 2475: 2467: 2463: 2458: 2454: 2441: 2437: 2433:thrombophilias. 2431: 2427: 2422: 2418: 2413: 2409: 2396: 2392: 2363: 2359: 2355: 2323:Nature Genetics 2319: 2305: 2238: 2202:Hillary Clinton 2178:Serena Williams 2171:Hakeem Olajuwon 2154:Serena Williams 2147: 2123: 2094: 2077: 2061: 2021: 2012: 1975: 1939: 1913: 1906:subclavian vein 1898: 1889: 1882: 1873: 1866: 1850:subclavian vein 1810: 1766:medical history 1758: 1734:decision making 1730: 1729: 1728: 1727: 1711: 1710: 1709: 1701: 1700: 1626: 1619: 1616: 1607: 1604: 1595: 1581: 1572: 1569: 1313: 1305:Anticoagulation 1130: 1128:Pathophysiology 1048:for the common 1001:Factor V Leiden 946:adenocarcinomas 819:Virchow's triad 807: 780:Iliofemoral DVT 770:), also called 721: 669: 662: 659: 650: 647: 638: 631: 521: 450: 394:prediction rule 383:factor V Leiden 264:) is a type of 106:, recurrent VTE 40: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 12509: 12499: 12498: 12493: 12488: 12486:Coagulopathies 12471: 12470: 12467: 12466: 12464: 12463: 12457: 12455: 12449: 12448: 12446: 12445: 12440: 12435: 12430: 12425: 12424: 12423: 12413: 12408: 12403: 12398: 12392: 12390: 12381: 12379:Blood pressure 12375: 12374: 12372: 12371: 12366: 12361: 12356: 12355: 12354: 12349: 12344: 12334: 12333: 12332: 12327: 12316: 12314: 12310: 12309: 12306: 12305: 12303: 12302: 12297: 12292: 12287: 12282: 12276: 12274: 12270: 12269: 12267: 12266: 12261: 12260: 12259: 12254: 12249: 12239: 12233: 12231: 12229:Varicose veins 12225: 12224: 12222: 12221: 12216: 12215: 12214: 12204: 12203: 12202: 12197: 12187: 12186: 12185: 12180: 12175: 12170: 12165: 12155: 12154: 12153: 12142: 12140: 12129: 12128: 12126: 12125: 12119: 12117: 12108: 12102: 12101: 12098: 12097: 12095: 12094: 12092:Spider angioma 12089: 12084: 12078: 12076: 12074:Vascular nevus 12070: 12069: 12067: 12066: 12065: 12064: 12059: 12052:Telangiectasia 12049: 12044: 12038: 12036: 12030: 12029: 12027: 12026: 12025: 12024: 12019: 12014: 12009: 12004: 11994: 11989: 11987:Aortic rupture 11984: 11979: 11978: 11977: 11972: 11967: 11952: 11950: 11948:pseudoaneurysm 11935: 11934: 11931: 11930: 11928: 11927: 11922: 11917: 11912: 11907: 11901: 11899: 11895: 11894: 11892: 11891: 11886: 11880: 11878: 11872: 11871: 11869: 11868: 11867: 11866: 11861: 11859:Oxycholesterol 11856: 11851: 11846: 11841: 11831: 11825: 11824: 11823: 11822: 11817: 11812: 11807: 11802: 11791: 11789: 11780: 11774: 11773: 11771: 11770: 11765: 11764: 11763: 11752: 11750: 11741: 11726: 11725: 11717: 11716: 11709: 11702: 11694: 11685: 11684: 11681: 11680: 11669: 11658: 11646: 11645: 11643: 11639: 11638: 11635: 11634: 11623: 11612: 11597: 11578: 11562: 11557: 11556: 11554: 11553:Classification 11546: 11545: 11502: 11497:978-0824756451 11496: 11480: 11472: 11471: 11422: 11371: 11328: 11287: 11246: 11192: 11170: 11158: 11124: 11112: 11068: 11014: 10973: 10952:(4): W576-81. 10927: 10921:978-1400052226 10920: 10902: 10891:. 3 March 2005 10876: 10850: 10821: 10810:. 6 March 2007 10795: 10769: 10728: 10685: 10659: 10633: 10607: 10564: 10535: 10509: 10466: 10445:(3): 294–303. 10425: 10390:Blood Advances 10373: 10319: 10278: 10237: 10196: 10161: 10112: 10083: 10030: 9981: 9946:Blood Advances 9929: 9880: 9831: 9804:(10): 720–27. 9788: 9747: 9710:(2): e83–e93. 9687: 9636: 9584: 9543: 9517: 9468: 9437: 9408:(3): e180452. 9388: 9332: 9283: 9234: 9205:(9): 1162–73. 9185: 9169: 9143: 9091: 9055: 9011: 8985: 8934: 8903: 8867: 8844: 8800: 8759: 8724:Blood Advances 8710: 8666: 8617: 8615:, p. 22S: 3.2. 8605: 8578: 8526: 8482: 8431: 8382: 8341: 8328:(1): AV01–02. 8305: 8276:(3): 493–504. 8253: 8209: 8161: 8105: 8094:(12): 778–80. 8069: 8020: 7971: 7942: 7896: 7849: 7820:(9): 1724–38. 7797: 7751: 7716: 7662: 7613: 7561: 7530: 7481: 7429: 7388: 7347: 7306: 7279: 7236: 7195: 7158:BMC Nephrology 7144: 7125:(6): 1107–09. 7108: 7067: 7026: 6995:(7): 1963–68. 6975: 6926: 6878: 6820: 6771: 6729: 6688: 6632: 6597: 6556: 6505: 6459: 6408: 6367: 6311: 6261: 6218: 6167: 6138:(3): 1182–96. 6118: 6089:(5): 1224–30. 6069: 6018: 5967: 5913: 5862: 5821: 5778: 5734: 5688: 5653:Blood Advances 5626: 5566: 5517: 5469: 5426: 5376: 5335: 5283: 5254:(5): 1009–19. 5225: 5194: 5145: 5097: 5066:(9): 1162–73. 5046: 5025:(9): e161770. 5005: 4962: 4899:(9): 1087–92. 4879: 4838: 4795: 4758: 4706: 4675:(6): 493–507. 4655: 4599: 4558: 4507: 4445: 4394: 4343: 4294: 4245: 4214: 4163: 4114: 4071: 4050:(4): 543–603. 4025: 4014:(11): 816–20. 3991: 3937: 3888: 3849: 3806: 3779:(8142): k351. 3763: 3745:(12): 394–97. 3722: 3678: 3632: 3582: 3509: 3507:, p. 20S: 2.4. 3492: 3448: 3404: 3383:(9): 1340–47. 3358: 3296: 3252: 3217:Blood Advances 3194: 3165:(14): 244–49. 3132: 3088: 3036: 2995: 2960:Blood Advances 2939: 2910: 2820: 2758: 2692: 2630: 2603:(11): 516–24. 2561: 2560: 2558: 2555: 2553: 2552: 2543: 2534: 2525: 2516: 2503: 2494: 2473: 2461: 2452: 2435: 2425: 2416: 2407: 2390: 2356: 2354: 2351: 2318: 2315: 2304: 2301: 2264:Rudolf Virchow 2244:Rudolf Virchow 2237: 2234: 2214:Vice President 2146: 2143: 2122: 2119: 2098:mortality rate 2093: 2090: 2076: 2073: 2060: 2057: 2020: 2017: 2011: 2008: 1974: 1971: 1938: 1935: 1915: 1914: 1899: 1892: 1890: 1883: 1876: 1874: 1867: 1860: 1809: 1806: 1764:, a review of 1757: 1754: 1713: 1712: 1703: 1702: 1694: 1693: 1692: 1691: 1690: 1625: 1622: 1621: 1620: 1617: 1610: 1608: 1605: 1598: 1596: 1582: 1575: 1573: 1570: 1563: 1524: 1523: 1520: 1517: 1513: 1512: 1509: 1506: 1502: 1501: 1498: 1495: 1491: 1490: 1487: 1484: 1480: 1479: 1476: 1473: 1469: 1468: 1465: 1462: 1458: 1457: 1454: 1451: 1443: 1442: 1439: 1436: 1432: 1431: 1428: 1425: 1421: 1420: 1417: 1414: 1410: 1409: 1406: 1403: 1399: 1398: 1395: 1392: 1388: 1387: 1384: 1381: 1373: 1372: 1369: 1366: 1362: 1361: 1358: 1355: 1312: 1309: 1223:red blood cell 1156:popliteal vein 1129: 1126: 1121:thrombophilias 1069:homocystinuria 1003:, which makes 997:family history 843:microparticles 806: 803: 720: 719:Classification 717: 713:varicose veins 668: 665: 664: 663: 660: 653: 651: 648: 641: 639: 632: 625: 520: 517: 449: 446: 440:combined with 414:blood thinners 351:family history 253: 252: 249: 245: 244: 223: 217: 216: 210: 206: 205: 191:anticoagulants 187: 183: 182: 160: 154: 153: 148: 142: 141: 130:family history 114: 108: 107: 101: 95: 94: 87: 81: 80: 75: 69: 68: 64: 63: 55: 54: 51: 47: 46: 38: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 12508: 12497: 12494: 12492: 12489: 12487: 12484: 12483: 12481: 12462: 12459: 12458: 12456: 12454: 12450: 12444: 12441: 12439: 12436: 12434: 12431: 12429: 12426: 12422: 12419: 12418: 12417: 12414: 12412: 12409: 12407: 12404: 12402: 12399: 12397: 12394: 12393: 12391: 12389: 12385: 12382: 12380: 12376: 12370: 12367: 12365: 12362: 12360: 12357: 12353: 12350: 12348: 12345: 12343: 12340: 12339: 12338: 12335: 12331: 12328: 12326: 12323: 12322: 12321: 12318: 12317: 12315: 12311: 12301: 12298: 12296: 12293: 12291: 12288: 12286: 12283: 12281: 12278: 12277: 12275: 12271: 12265: 12262: 12258: 12255: 12253: 12250: 12248: 12247:Caput medusae 12245: 12244: 12243: 12240: 12238: 12235: 12234: 12232: 12230: 12226: 12220: 12217: 12213: 12210: 12209: 12208: 12205: 12201: 12198: 12196: 12193: 12192: 12191: 12188: 12184: 12181: 12179: 12176: 12174: 12171: 12169: 12166: 12164: 12161: 12160: 12159: 12156: 12152: 12149: 12148: 12147: 12144: 12143: 12141: 12139: 12134: 12130: 12124: 12121: 12120: 12118: 12116: 12112: 12109: 12107: 12103: 12093: 12090: 12088: 12085: 12083: 12080: 12079: 12077: 12075: 12071: 12063: 12060: 12058: 12055: 12054: 12053: 12050: 12048: 12045: 12043: 12040: 12039: 12037: 12035: 12031: 12023: 12020: 12018: 12015: 12013: 12010: 12008: 12005: 12003: 12000: 11999: 11998: 11995: 11993: 11990: 11988: 11985: 11983: 11980: 11976: 11973: 11971: 11968: 11966: 11963: 11962: 11961: 11957: 11954: 11953: 11951: 11949: 11944: 11940: 11936: 11926: 11923: 11921: 11918: 11916: 11913: 11911: 11910:Degos disease 11908: 11906: 11903: 11902: 11900: 11896: 11890: 11887: 11885: 11882: 11881: 11879: 11877: 11873: 11865: 11862: 11860: 11857: 11855: 11852: 11850: 11847: 11845: 11842: 11840: 11837: 11836: 11835: 11832: 11830: 11827: 11826: 11821: 11818: 11816: 11813: 11811: 11808: 11806: 11803: 11801: 11798: 11797: 11796: 11793: 11792: 11790: 11788: 11784: 11781: 11779: 11775: 11769: 11766: 11762: 11759: 11758: 11757: 11754: 11753: 11751: 11749: 11745: 11742: 11740: 11735: 11731: 11727: 11722: 11715: 11710: 11708: 11703: 11701: 11696: 11695: 11692: 11679: 11675: 11674: 11670: 11668: 11664: 11663: 11659: 11657: 11653: 11652: 11648: 11647: 11644: 11640: 11633: 11629: 11628: 11624: 11622: 11618: 11617: 11613: 11611: 11607: 11606: 11602: 11598: 11596: 11592: 11588: 11587: 11583: 11579: 11577: 11573: 11572: 11568: 11564: 11563: 11560: 11555: 11551: 11542: 11538: 11533: 11528: 11524: 11520: 11516: 11512: 11508: 11503: 11499: 11493: 11490:. CRC Press. 11489: 11488: 11482: 11481: 11479: 11478: 11467: 11463: 11458: 11453: 11449: 11445: 11442:(3): 173–81. 11441: 11437: 11433: 11426: 11418: 11414: 11409: 11404: 11399: 11394: 11390: 11386: 11382: 11375: 11367: 11363: 11359: 11355: 11351: 11347: 11344:(8): 943–53. 11343: 11339: 11332: 11324: 11320: 11315: 11310: 11306: 11302: 11298: 11291: 11283: 11279: 11274: 11269: 11266:(2): 303–10. 11265: 11261: 11257: 11250: 11242: 11238: 11233: 11228: 11223: 11218: 11214: 11210: 11206: 11199: 11197: 11188: 11184: 11177: 11175: 11167: 11162: 11154: 11150: 11146: 11142: 11135: 11128: 11121: 11116: 11108: 11104: 11099: 11094: 11091:(2): 180–90. 11090: 11086: 11082: 11075: 11073: 11064: 11060: 11055: 11050: 11046: 11042: 11038: 11034: 11030: 11023: 11021: 11019: 11010: 11006: 11001: 10996: 10993:(3): 402–11. 10992: 10988: 10984: 10977: 10969: 10965: 10960: 10955: 10951: 10947: 10943: 10936: 10934: 10932: 10923: 10917: 10913: 10906: 10890: 10886: 10880: 10864: 10860: 10854: 10839: 10835: 10828: 10826: 10809: 10805: 10799: 10784: 10780: 10773: 10765: 10761: 10756: 10751: 10748:(2): 128–34. 10747: 10743: 10739: 10732: 10724: 10720: 10716: 10712: 10708: 10704: 10700: 10696: 10689: 10674: 10670: 10663: 10648: 10644: 10637: 10622: 10618: 10611: 10603: 10599: 10595: 10591: 10587: 10583: 10580:(8): 249–98. 10579: 10575: 10568: 10553: 10549: 10542: 10540: 10523: 10519: 10518:"Blood types" 10513: 10505: 10501: 10497: 10493: 10489: 10485: 10482:(2): 221–31. 10481: 10477: 10470: 10462: 10458: 10453: 10448: 10444: 10440: 10436: 10429: 10421: 10417: 10412: 10407: 10403: 10399: 10395: 10391: 10387: 10380: 10378: 10369: 10365: 10360: 10355: 10351: 10347: 10343: 10339: 10335: 10328: 10326: 10324: 10315: 10311: 10306: 10301: 10297: 10293: 10289: 10282: 10274: 10270: 10265: 10260: 10256: 10252: 10248: 10241: 10233: 10229: 10224: 10219: 10216:(4): 857–64. 10215: 10211: 10207: 10200: 10192: 10188: 10184: 10180: 10176: 10172: 10165: 10157: 10153: 10148: 10143: 10139: 10135: 10131: 10127: 10123: 10116: 10109: 10097: 10093: 10087: 10078: 10074: 10069: 10064: 10060: 10056: 10052: 10048: 10044: 10037: 10035: 10026: 10022: 10017: 10012: 10008: 10004: 10000: 9996: 9992: 9985: 9977: 9973: 9968: 9963: 9959: 9955: 9951: 9947: 9943: 9936: 9934: 9925: 9921: 9916: 9911: 9907: 9903: 9899: 9895: 9891: 9884: 9876: 9872: 9867: 9862: 9858: 9854: 9850: 9846: 9842: 9835: 9827: 9823: 9819: 9815: 9811: 9807: 9803: 9799: 9792: 9784: 9780: 9775: 9770: 9766: 9762: 9758: 9751: 9743: 9739: 9735: 9731: 9726: 9721: 9717: 9713: 9709: 9705: 9698: 9691: 9683: 9679: 9674: 9669: 9664: 9659: 9655: 9651: 9647: 9640: 9632: 9628: 9623: 9618: 9614: 9610: 9606: 9602: 9598: 9591: 9589: 9580: 9576: 9571: 9566: 9563:(5): 861–69. 9562: 9558: 9554: 9547: 9531: 9527: 9521: 9513: 9509: 9504: 9499: 9495: 9491: 9488:(4): 384–90. 9487: 9483: 9479: 9472: 9456: 9452: 9448: 9441: 9433: 9429: 9424: 9419: 9415: 9411: 9407: 9403: 9399: 9392: 9384: 9380: 9375: 9370: 9365: 9360: 9356: 9352: 9348: 9341: 9339: 9337: 9328: 9324: 9319: 9314: 9310: 9306: 9302: 9298: 9294: 9287: 9279: 9275: 9270: 9265: 9261: 9257: 9253: 9249: 9245: 9238: 9230: 9226: 9221: 9216: 9212: 9208: 9204: 9200: 9196: 9189: 9182: 9176: 9174: 9158: 9154: 9147: 9139: 9135: 9130: 9125: 9121: 9117: 9113: 9109: 9105: 9098: 9096: 9087: 9083: 9079: 9075: 9072:(2): e64–71. 9071: 9067: 9059: 9051: 9047: 9043: 9039: 9035: 9031: 9027: 9023: 9015: 9008: 9002: 9000: 8998: 8996: 8994: 8992: 8990: 8981: 8977: 8972: 8967: 8962: 8957: 8953: 8949: 8945: 8938: 8930: 8926: 8923:(7): 426–34. 8922: 8918: 8914: 8907: 8899: 8895: 8891: 8887: 8883: 8879: 8871: 8863: 8859: 8855: 8848: 8840: 8836: 8832: 8828: 8824: 8820: 8817:(8): 523–31. 8816: 8812: 8804: 8796: 8792: 8787: 8782: 8779:(3): 311–24. 8778: 8774: 8770: 8763: 8755: 8751: 8746: 8741: 8737: 8733: 8729: 8725: 8721: 8714: 8706: 8702: 8697: 8692: 8689:(4): 433–41. 8688: 8684: 8680: 8673: 8671: 8662: 8658: 8653: 8648: 8644: 8640: 8636: 8632: 8628: 8621: 8614: 8609: 8601: 8597: 8593: 8589: 8582: 8574: 8570: 8565: 8560: 8556: 8552: 8548: 8544: 8540: 8533: 8531: 8522: 8518: 8514: 8510: 8507:(2): 315–52. 8506: 8502: 8495: 8493: 8491: 8489: 8487: 8478: 8474: 8469: 8464: 8459: 8454: 8450: 8446: 8442: 8435: 8427: 8423: 8418: 8413: 8409: 8405: 8401: 8397: 8393: 8386: 8378: 8374: 8369: 8364: 8360: 8356: 8352: 8345: 8336: 8331: 8327: 8323: 8316: 8309: 8301: 8297: 8292: 8287: 8283: 8279: 8275: 8271: 8267: 8260: 8258: 8249: 8245: 8240: 8235: 8231: 8227: 8223: 8216: 8214: 8205: 8201: 8197: 8193: 8189: 8185: 8182:(2): 131–40. 8181: 8177: 8170: 8168: 8166: 8157: 8153: 8148: 8143: 8138: 8133: 8129: 8125: 8121: 8114: 8112: 8110: 8101: 8097: 8093: 8089: 8085: 8078: 8076: 8074: 8065: 8061: 8056: 8051: 8047: 8043: 8039: 8035: 8031: 8024: 8016: 8012: 8007: 8002: 7998: 7994: 7990: 7986: 7982: 7975: 7959: 7955: 7949: 7947: 7938: 7934: 7930: 7926: 7922: 7918: 7914: 7910: 7903: 7901: 7892: 7888: 7884: 7880: 7876: 7872: 7868: 7864: 7860: 7853: 7845: 7841: 7836: 7831: 7827: 7823: 7819: 7815: 7811: 7804: 7802: 7793: 7789: 7784: 7779: 7776:(6): 753–62. 7775: 7771: 7767: 7760: 7758: 7756: 7747: 7743: 7739: 7735: 7731: 7727: 7720: 7712: 7708: 7703: 7698: 7693: 7688: 7684: 7680: 7676: 7669: 7667: 7658: 7654: 7649: 7644: 7640: 7636: 7633:(2): 99–106. 7632: 7628: 7624: 7617: 7609: 7605: 7600: 7595: 7591: 7587: 7584:(3): 506–12. 7583: 7579: 7575: 7568: 7566: 7549: 7545: 7541: 7534: 7526: 7522: 7517: 7512: 7508: 7504: 7501:(7): 657–60. 7500: 7496: 7492: 7485: 7477: 7473: 7468: 7463: 7459: 7455: 7451: 7447: 7446:Blood Reviews 7443: 7436: 7434: 7425: 7421: 7416: 7411: 7407: 7403: 7399: 7392: 7384: 7380: 7375: 7370: 7367:(9): 971–81. 7366: 7362: 7358: 7351: 7343: 7339: 7334: 7329: 7326:(1): 150–55. 7325: 7321: 7317: 7310: 7302: 7298: 7294: 7290: 7283: 7275: 7271: 7267: 7263: 7259: 7255: 7251: 7247: 7240: 7232: 7228: 7223: 7218: 7215:(4): 563–71. 7214: 7210: 7206: 7199: 7191: 7187: 7182: 7177: 7172: 7167: 7163: 7159: 7155: 7148: 7140: 7136: 7132: 7128: 7124: 7120: 7112: 7104: 7100: 7095: 7090: 7086: 7082: 7078: 7071: 7063: 7059: 7054: 7049: 7045: 7041: 7037: 7030: 7022: 7018: 7013: 7008: 7003: 6998: 6994: 6990: 6989:Haematologica 6986: 6979: 6971: 6967: 6963: 6959: 6955: 6951: 6948:(5): 535–48. 6947: 6943: 6935: 6933: 6931: 6922: 6918: 6914: 6910: 6906: 6902: 6898: 6894: 6887: 6885: 6883: 6874: 6870: 6866: 6862: 6857: 6852: 6849:(4): 265–72. 6848: 6844: 6839: 6831: 6829: 6827: 6825: 6816: 6812: 6807: 6802: 6798: 6794: 6790: 6786: 6782: 6775: 6767: 6763: 6759: 6755: 6751: 6747: 6740: 6738: 6736: 6734: 6725: 6721: 6716: 6711: 6708:(8): 845–54. 6707: 6703: 6699: 6692: 6684: 6680: 6675: 6670: 6665: 6660: 6656: 6652: 6648: 6641: 6639: 6637: 6628: 6624: 6620: 6616: 6612: 6608: 6601: 6593: 6589: 6584: 6579: 6576:(4): 349–72. 6575: 6571: 6567: 6560: 6552: 6548: 6543: 6538: 6533: 6528: 6524: 6520: 6516: 6509: 6501: 6497: 6493: 6489: 6485: 6481: 6478:(2): 127–37. 6477: 6473: 6466: 6464: 6455: 6451: 6446: 6441: 6436: 6431: 6428:(3): 322–33. 6427: 6423: 6419: 6412: 6404: 6400: 6395: 6390: 6386: 6382: 6378: 6371: 6363: 6359: 6354: 6349: 6344: 6339: 6335: 6331: 6327: 6320: 6318: 6316: 6307: 6303: 6299: 6295: 6291: 6287: 6284:(2): 141–49. 6283: 6279: 6272: 6265: 6257: 6253: 6249: 6245: 6241: 6237: 6234:(2): 502–12. 6233: 6229: 6222: 6214: 6210: 6205: 6200: 6195: 6190: 6186: 6182: 6181:PLOS Medicine 6178: 6171: 6163: 6159: 6154: 6149: 6145: 6141: 6137: 6133: 6129: 6122: 6114: 6110: 6105: 6100: 6096: 6092: 6088: 6084: 6080: 6073: 6065: 6061: 6056: 6051: 6046: 6041: 6037: 6033: 6029: 6022: 6014: 6010: 6005: 6000: 5995: 5990: 5986: 5982: 5978: 5971: 5963: 5959: 5954: 5949: 5944: 5939: 5935: 5931: 5927: 5920: 5918: 5909: 5905: 5900: 5895: 5890: 5885: 5881: 5877: 5873: 5866: 5858: 5854: 5849: 5844: 5840: 5836: 5832: 5825: 5817: 5813: 5809: 5805: 5801: 5797: 5793: 5789: 5782: 5774: 5770: 5765: 5760: 5756: 5752: 5748: 5741: 5739: 5730: 5726: 5722: 5718: 5714: 5710: 5706: 5702: 5695: 5693: 5684: 5680: 5675: 5670: 5666: 5662: 5658: 5654: 5650: 5643: 5641: 5639: 5637: 5635: 5633: 5631: 5622: 5618: 5614: 5610: 5606: 5602: 5598: 5594: 5587: 5585: 5583: 5581: 5579: 5577: 5575: 5573: 5571: 5562: 5558: 5553: 5548: 5544: 5540: 5537:(2): 120–38. 5536: 5532: 5528: 5521: 5513: 5509: 5504: 5499: 5496:(6): 755–63. 5495: 5491: 5487: 5480: 5478: 5476: 5474: 5465: 5461: 5457: 5453: 5449: 5445: 5442:(7): 624–31. 5441: 5437: 5430: 5422: 5418: 5413: 5408: 5405:(6): 824–33. 5404: 5400: 5396: 5389: 5387: 5385: 5383: 5381: 5372: 5368: 5363: 5358: 5354: 5350: 5346: 5339: 5331: 5327: 5322: 5317: 5314:(3): 563–68. 5313: 5309: 5305: 5298: 5296: 5294: 5292: 5290: 5288: 5279: 5275: 5271: 5267: 5262: 5257: 5253: 5249: 5245: 5238: 5236: 5234: 5232: 5230: 5213: 5209: 5205: 5198: 5190: 5186: 5181: 5176: 5172: 5168: 5165:(2): 326–41. 5164: 5160: 5156: 5149: 5141: 5137: 5132: 5127: 5124:(5): 317–25. 5123: 5119: 5115: 5108: 5106: 5104: 5102: 5093: 5089: 5084: 5079: 5074: 5069: 5065: 5061: 5057: 5050: 5042: 5038: 5033: 5028: 5024: 5020: 5016: 5009: 5001: 4997: 4993: 4989: 4985: 4981: 4978:(5): 387–91. 4977: 4973: 4966: 4957: 4952: 4948: 4944: 4940: 4936: 4932: 4924: 4920: 4915: 4910: 4906: 4902: 4898: 4894: 4890: 4883: 4875: 4871: 4866: 4861: 4858:(5): 438–45. 4857: 4853: 4849: 4842: 4834: 4830: 4826: 4822: 4818: 4814: 4811:(1): 99–103. 4810: 4806: 4799: 4791: 4787: 4783: 4779: 4775: 4774:NIHR Evidence 4771: 4765: 4763: 4754: 4750: 4745: 4740: 4736: 4732: 4728: 4724: 4720: 4713: 4711: 4702: 4698: 4693: 4688: 4683: 4678: 4674: 4670: 4666: 4659: 4651: 4647: 4642: 4637: 4632: 4627: 4623: 4619: 4615: 4608: 4606: 4604: 4595: 4591: 4586: 4581: 4578:(3): 243–51. 4577: 4573: 4569: 4562: 4554: 4550: 4545: 4540: 4535: 4530: 4526: 4522: 4518: 4511: 4503: 4499: 4494: 4489: 4485: 4481: 4477: 4473: 4469: 4462: 4460: 4458: 4456: 4454: 4452: 4450: 4441: 4437: 4432: 4427: 4422: 4417: 4413: 4409: 4405: 4398: 4390: 4386: 4381: 4376: 4371: 4366: 4362: 4358: 4354: 4347: 4339: 4335: 4330: 4325: 4321: 4317: 4313: 4309: 4305: 4298: 4290: 4286: 4281: 4276: 4272: 4268: 4265:(4): 316–19. 4264: 4260: 4256: 4249: 4233: 4229: 4225: 4218: 4210: 4206: 4201: 4196: 4191: 4186: 4182: 4178: 4174: 4167: 4159: 4155: 4150: 4145: 4141: 4137: 4133: 4129: 4125: 4118: 4110: 4106: 4102: 4098: 4094: 4090: 4086: 4082: 4075: 4067: 4063: 4058: 4053: 4049: 4045: 4041: 4034: 4032: 4030: 4021: 4017: 4013: 4009: 4005: 3998: 3996: 3987: 3983: 3978: 3973: 3969: 3965: 3961: 3957: 3953: 3946: 3944: 3942: 3933: 3929: 3924: 3919: 3915: 3911: 3908:(5): 359–71. 3907: 3903: 3899: 3892: 3884: 3880: 3876: 3872: 3869:(4): 869–76. 3868: 3864: 3860: 3853: 3845: 3841: 3837: 3833: 3829: 3825: 3822:(1): 99–103. 3821: 3817: 3810: 3802: 3798: 3794: 3790: 3786: 3782: 3778: 3774: 3767: 3756: 3752: 3748: 3744: 3740: 3733: 3726: 3718: 3714: 3709: 3704: 3701:(3): 405–14. 3700: 3696: 3692: 3685: 3683: 3674: 3670: 3665: 3660: 3657:(3): 373–79. 3656: 3652: 3648: 3641: 3639: 3637: 3628: 3624: 3620: 3616: 3612: 3608: 3604: 3600: 3593: 3591: 3589: 3587: 3578: 3574: 3570: 3566: 3561: 3556: 3552: 3548: 3545:(5): 227–35. 3544: 3540: 3532: 3530: 3528: 3526: 3524: 3522: 3520: 3518: 3516: 3514: 3506: 3501: 3499: 3497: 3488: 3484: 3479: 3474: 3471:(6): 755–63. 3470: 3466: 3462: 3455: 3453: 3444: 3440: 3435: 3430: 3426: 3422: 3418: 3411: 3409: 3400: 3396: 3391: 3386: 3382: 3378: 3374: 3367: 3365: 3363: 3354: 3350: 3345: 3340: 3336: 3332: 3328: 3324: 3320: 3313: 3311: 3309: 3307: 3305: 3303: 3301: 3292: 3288: 3283: 3278: 3275:(1): 742–50. 3274: 3270: 3266: 3259: 3257: 3248: 3244: 3239: 3234: 3230: 3226: 3222: 3218: 3214: 3207: 3205: 3203: 3201: 3199: 3190: 3186: 3181: 3176: 3172: 3168: 3164: 3160: 3156: 3149: 3147: 3145: 3143: 3141: 3139: 3137: 3128: 3124: 3119: 3114: 3111:(5): 326–34. 3110: 3106: 3102: 3095: 3093: 3076: 3072: 3068: 3064: 3060: 3056: 3049: 3047: 3045: 3043: 3041: 3032: 3028: 3023: 3018: 3014: 3010: 3006: 2999: 2991: 2987: 2982: 2977: 2973: 2969: 2965: 2961: 2957: 2950: 2948: 2946: 2944: 2927: 2923: 2917: 2915: 2906: 2902: 2897: 2892: 2888: 2884: 2880: 2873: 2871: 2869: 2867: 2865: 2863: 2861: 2859: 2857: 2855: 2853: 2851: 2849: 2847: 2845: 2843: 2841: 2839: 2837: 2835: 2833: 2831: 2829: 2827: 2825: 2816: 2812: 2807: 2802: 2798: 2794: 2791:(8): 808–20. 2790: 2786: 2782: 2775: 2773: 2771: 2769: 2767: 2765: 2763: 2754: 2750: 2745: 2740: 2736: 2732: 2728: 2724: 2720: 2713: 2711: 2709: 2707: 2705: 2703: 2701: 2699: 2697: 2688: 2684: 2680: 2676: 2671: 2666: 2662: 2658: 2653: 2645: 2643: 2641: 2639: 2637: 2635: 2626: 2622: 2618: 2614: 2610: 2606: 2602: 2598: 2591: 2589: 2587: 2585: 2583: 2581: 2579: 2577: 2575: 2573: 2571: 2569: 2567: 2562: 2547: 2538: 2529: 2520: 2513: 2507: 2498: 2491: 2487: 2483: 2477: 2470: 2465: 2456: 2449: 2445: 2439: 2429: 2420: 2411: 2404: 2400: 2394: 2387: 2383: 2379: 2375: 2371: 2367: 2361: 2357: 2350: 2348: 2344: 2340: 2336: 2332: 2328: 2324: 2314: 2311: 2300: 2298: 2294: 2289: 2280: 2276: 2273: 2268: 2265: 2260: 2257: 2253: 2252: 2242: 2233: 2231: 2230:Jimmy Stewart 2227: 2223: 2219: 2218:Regis Philbin 2215: 2211: 2207: 2203: 2199: 2198:Richard Nixon 2194: 2191: 2187: 2183: 2179: 2174: 2172: 2168: 2164: 2163:Brian Vickers 2155: 2151: 2142: 2138: 2136: 2132: 2127: 2118: 2114: 2112: 2108: 2102: 2099: 2089: 2081: 2072: 2070: 2066: 2056: 2052: 2050: 2046: 2042: 2038: 2030: 2025: 2019:After surgery 2016: 2007: 2005: 2001: 1998:, which used 1997: 1996:JUPITER trial 1993: 1989: 1985: 1980: 1970: 1968: 1964: 1960: 1956: 1952: 1948: 1944: 1934: 1932: 1928: 1921:An IVC filter 1919: 1911: 1907: 1903: 1896: 1891: 1887: 1880: 1875: 1871: 1864: 1859: 1858: 1857: 1855: 1851: 1847: 1843: 1838: 1836: 1830: 1827: 1823: 1819: 1816:Drawbacks of 1814: 1808:Interventions 1805: 1803: 1799: 1795: 1794:tumor markers 1791: 1787: 1783: 1779: 1775: 1771: 1767: 1763: 1753: 1751: 1745: 1743: 1737: 1735: 1725: 1721: 1717: 1707: 1698: 1689: 1687: 1683: 1679: 1675: 1671: 1667: 1663: 1659: 1655: 1651: 1647: 1643: 1639: 1634: 1632: 1614: 1609: 1602: 1597: 1593: 1589: 1585: 1579: 1574: 1567: 1562: 1561: 1560: 1558: 1554: 1553:gold standard 1550: 1546: 1544: 1540: 1535: 1531: 1521: 1518: 1515: 1514: 1510: 1507: 1504: 1503: 1499: 1496: 1493: 1492: 1488: 1485: 1482: 1481: 1477: 1474: 1471: 1470: 1466: 1463: 1460: 1459: 1455: 1452: 1449: 1445: 1444: 1440: 1437: 1434: 1433: 1429: 1426: 1423: 1422: 1418: 1415: 1412: 1411: 1407: 1404: 1401: 1400: 1396: 1393: 1390: 1389: 1385: 1382: 1379: 1375: 1374: 1370: 1367: 1364: 1363: 1359: 1356: 1353: 1352: 1349: 1347: 1342: 1336: 1334: 1330: 1326: 1322: 1318: 1308: 1306: 1302: 1298: 1294: 1290: 1288: 1287:microvesicles 1284: 1280: 1279:transcription 1276: 1272: 1268: 1264: 1260: 1251: 1247: 1245: 1241: 1237: 1232: 1228: 1224: 1220: 1215: 1213: 1209: 1204: 1200: 1192: 1188: 1183: 1179: 1177: 1171: 1169: 1168:jugular veins 1165: 1161: 1157: 1152: 1150: 1146: 1142: 1134: 1125: 1122: 1116: 1114: 1110: 1106: 1102: 1098: 1094: 1090: 1086: 1082: 1079:levels, high 1078: 1074: 1070: 1066: 1062: 1057: 1055: 1051: 1047: 1043: 1039: 1034: 1030: 1026: 1022: 1018: 1014: 1010: 1006: 1002: 998: 990: 986: 981: 977: 975: 971: 967: 963: 959: 955: 951: 947: 941: 939: 935: 931: 927: 923: 919: 915: 912:, and active 911: 907: 903: 898: 896: 892: 888: 884: 880: 876: 872: 868: 864: 860: 859:tissue factor 856: 850: 848: 844: 840: 839:immune system 836: 832: 828: 824: 823:venous stasis 820: 811: 802: 800: 795: 793: 789: 785: 781: 777: 773: 769: 765: 761: 757: 752: 749: 745: 740: 738: 735: 725: 716: 714: 710: 706: 702: 698: 694: 690: 686: 682: 678: 674: 657: 652: 645: 640: 636: 629: 624: 623: 622: 620: 616: 612: 608: 604: 600: 596: 591: 589: 585: 581: 577: 573: 568: 566: 562: 558: 554: 550: 546: 542: 538: 534: 530: 526: 516: 514: 510: 506: 502: 498: 494: 490: 486: 481: 479: 475: 471: 470:pitting edema 466: 464: 454: 445: 443: 439: 433: 431: 427: 423: 419: 415: 410: 407: 403: 399: 395: 390: 388: 384: 380: 376: 372: 368: 364: 360: 356: 352: 348: 344: 340: 336: 332: 328: 323: 321: 317: 313: 308: 306: 302: 298: 294: 290: 286: 282: 277: 275: 271: 267: 263: 259: 250: 246: 243: 239: 235: 231: 227: 224: 222: 218: 215: 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Retrieved 5207: 5197: 5162: 5158: 5148: 5121: 5117: 5063: 5059: 5049: 5022: 5019:JAMA Surgery 5018: 5008: 4975: 4971: 4965: 4941:(11): 1392. 4938: 4934: 4896: 4892: 4882: 4855: 4851: 4841: 4808: 4804: 4798: 4773: 4726: 4722: 4672: 4668: 4658: 4621: 4617: 4575: 4571: 4561: 4524: 4520: 4510: 4475: 4471: 4431:2318/1691212 4411: 4407: 4397: 4360: 4356: 4346: 4311: 4307: 4297: 4262: 4258: 4248: 4236:. Retrieved 4232:the original 4227: 4217: 4183:(1): 51–52. 4180: 4176: 4166: 4131: 4127: 4117: 4084: 4080: 4074: 4047: 4043: 4011: 4007: 3962:(2): 92–98. 3959: 3955: 3905: 3901: 3891: 3866: 3862: 3852: 3819: 3815: 3809: 3776: 3772: 3766: 3742: 3738: 3725: 3698: 3694: 3654: 3650: 3602: 3598: 3560:11343/285435 3542: 3538: 3468: 3464: 3424: 3420: 3380: 3376: 3326: 3322: 3272: 3268: 3220: 3216: 3162: 3158: 3108: 3104: 3079:. Retrieved 3075:the original 3062: 3058: 3012: 3008: 2998: 2963: 2959: 2930:. Retrieved 2925: 2886: 2882: 2788: 2784: 2726: 2722: 2660: 2656: 2600: 2596: 2546: 2537: 2528: 2519: 2506: 2497: 2476: 2469:Subsartorial 2468: 2464: 2455: 2438: 2428: 2419: 2410: 2393: 2380:), kidneys ( 2360: 2327:genetic loci 2322: 2320: 2306: 2296: 2285: 2269: 2261: 2249: 2247: 2195: 2176:Tennis star 2175: 2159: 2139: 2128: 2124: 2121:Epidemiology 2115: 2103: 2095: 2086: 2062: 2053: 2034: 2013: 2000:rosuvastatin 1976: 1943:primary care 1940: 1924: 1839: 1831: 1821: 1813:Thrombolysis 1811: 1759: 1746: 1738: 1731: 1723: 1720:fondaparinux 1715: 1678:fondaparinux 1635: 1627: 1588:femoral vein 1547: 1528:Compression 1527: 1340: 1337: 1320: 1314: 1291: 1256: 1216: 1196: 1176:pathological 1172: 1160:femoral vein 1153: 1149:fibrinolysis 1138: 1117: 1058: 1021:antithrombin 994: 974:fibrinolysis 954:Chemotherapy 942: 914:tuberculosis 899: 863:hip fracture 851: 835:inflammation 816: 796: 779: 771: 763: 756:proximal DVT 755: 753: 741: 731: 681:Baker's cyst 670: 619:right atrium 599:heart defect 592: 582:, an urgent 569: 522: 482: 473: 467: 459: 434: 411: 396:such as the 391: 371:antithrombin 329:, increased 324: 312:complication 309: 278: 261: 257: 256: 234:fondaparinux 167:Baker's cyst 112:Risk factors 36: 12453:Hypotension 11997:head / neck 11849:Cholesterol 11739:capillaries 11651:MedlinePlus 10102:10 February 9303:(1): 5–18. 9199:Circulation 8592:StatPearls 8355:Circulation 7685:(6): 2080. 7554:15 February 7293:StatPearls 6899:(1): 7–17. 6381:Circulation 5355:(1): 1–16. 5060:Circulation 4228:ACS Surgery 4087:(1): 5–14. 2729:(1): 3–14. 2226:David Bloom 2210:Dick Cheney 2107:paresthesia 1984:lose weight 1852:and staged 1646:rivaroxaban 1446:Paralysis, 1321:Wells score 1219:factor VIIa 1199:coagulation 1042:factor VIII 985:coagulation 831:endothelial 418:rivaroxaban 398:Wells score 165:, ruptured 50:Other names 12496:Hematology 12480:Categories 12369:Vasculitis 12359:Thrombosis 12320:Angiopathy 12264:Varicocele 12257:Hemorrhoid 12087:Halo nevus 11943:dissection 11734:arterioles 11673:Patient UK 11627:DiseasesDB 11391:: 451–62. 11166:Dalen 2003 11120:Dalen 2003 10895:22 January 10869:22 January 10843:22 January 10814:22 January 10788:22 January 10678:22 January 10652:22 January 10626:22 January 10557:22 January 10177:: 100–09. 9536:28 January 9461:28 January 9162:21 January 7909:Phlebology 7164:(1): 204. 6752:: 527–45. 5987:: 758010. 5701:Phlebology 4238:16 January 3269:Hematology 3081:30 January 2557:References 2376:), liver ( 2343:E-selectin 2339:P-selectin 2206:First Lady 2167:Chris Bosh 2111:leg ulcers 1973:Prevention 1955:cardiology 1951:hematology 1670:parenteral 1658:dabigatran 1624:Management 1557:venography 1489:+6 points 1475:−2 points 1386:+2 points 1329:ultrasound 1319:using the 1283:P-selectin 1141:hemostasis 1077:fibrinogen 1046:homozygous 962:postpartum 932:, primary 920:, such as 764:distal DVT 689:lymphedema 673:Cellulitis 584:fasciotomy 553:hemoptysis 549:chest pain 406:ultrasound 367:blood type 361:, and the 270:blood clot 221:Medication 186:Prevention 175:lymphedema 163:Cellulitis 151:Ultrasound 12123:Phlebitis 11864:Trans fat 11800:Foam cell 11756:Arteritis 11723:(vessels) 11662:eMedicine 10723:231803661 10621:USA Today 10528:15 August 7964:27 August 6613:: 79–83. 6525:: 37–53. 6256:220337035 5816:207452463 5278:211037046 4805:Angiology 4790:242392407 3816:Angiology 3605:(3): 16. 2932:6 January 2625:173995098 2368:), eyes ( 2335:factor XI 2303:Economics 2256:Ayurvedic 2248:The book 2190:a CT scan 2186:C-section 2182:advocated 2131:mortality 2092:Prognosis 2075:Travelers 2059:Pregnancy 1522:+1 point 1511:+1 point 1505:Male sex 1500:+1 point 1467:+1 point 1464:+1 point 1453:+1 point 1438:+1 point 1427:+1 point 1416:+1 point 1405:+1 point 1397:+1 point 1394:+1 point 1383:+1 point 1371:+1 point 1368:+1 point 1354:Criteria 1311:Diagnosis 1259:hypoxemia 1236:factor Xa 1212:monocytes 1085:factor XI 1081:factor IX 1033:protein S 1029:protein C 1017:protein S 1013:protein C 989:"cascade" 966:placental 879:catatonia 867:long bone 701:aneurysms 617:from the 561:pleuritic 533:embolizes 529:deep vein 474:see image 379:protein S 375:protein C 359:pregnancy 274:deep vein 248:Frequency 209:Treatment 73:Specialty 12337:Embolism 11939:Aneurysm 11876:Stenosis 11810:Atheroma 11761:Aortitis 11730:Arteries 11667:med/2785 11541:22315257 11466:30410646 11417:26355805 11358:19637948 11323:21222564 11282:25555319 11241:27581829 11107:18783400 11063:20739582 11009:23297815 10968:24059395 10764:23336651 10715:33534674 10673:ABC News 10602:58564402 10594:30638566 10522:Archived 10504:17552169 10496:20941456 10461:22253396 10420:30482766 10368:26654719 10344:: 3–10. 10314:31385593 10273:25173341 10232:31899848 10191:28844444 10156:33878207 10096:Archived 10077:22315261 10025:22315276 9976:30482767 9924:22315263 9875:22315265 9826:22797561 9818:22412039 9783:23396492 9742:24036108 9734:28089655 9682:25518837 9673:11127252 9631:33191841 9579:11054217 9512:27429688 9432:30646021 9383:26987584 9327:31037504 9278:31592728 9229:30586751 9138:29211671 9086:26853645 9050:21801157 9042:22172244 8980:29399524 8929:31573167 8898:26747198 8862:30303669 8839:10659607 8831:20956709 8795:21671894 8754:30482765 8705:22734929 8661:25092359 8600:29939529 8573:22315268 8521:26867832 8477:29399516 8426:16437461 8377:21422387 8300:30122174 8248:26149033 8204:34220435 8196:29310137 8156:29399531 8100:31845779 8064:24615063 8015:23537968 7937:22467822 7929:25729062 7891:58594612 7883:30634198 7844:31315434 7792:27354721 7746:19303501 7711:32197363 7657:29034034 7608:21325673 7548:Archived 7525:20351121 7476:25294122 7424:22082302 7383:32731838 7342:22160027 7301:29262230 7274:54379879 7266:15794972 7231:22076463 7209:Leukemia 7190:30115029 7139:25890452 7103:26179082 7062:26221164 7021:31582554 6962:22740183 6913:21707594 6873:23139811 6865:22473726 6815:22872710 6766:21034220 6724:29255070 6683:30918022 6627:28917273 6592:31957081 6551:28331377 6492:22648484 6454:30472725 6403:32375490 6362:29876337 6306:49606106 6298:29954011 6248:32627124 6213:32407386 6162:33217420 6113:26111103 6064:31749809 6038:: 2569. 6013:25140182 5962:29399532 5908:29435334 5857:27145936 5808:27156025 5794:: 61–5. 5773:19630821 5729:13564168 5721:22457300 5683:30482763 5621:34486553 5613:20083911 5561:21084000 5512:23531017 5464:49313388 5456:29920621 5421:20456358 5371:21116184 5330:22345594 5270:32020753 5212:Archived 5189:33733032 5140:31917402 5092:30586751 5041:27437827 5000:33536953 4992:21832920 4923:17060659 4874:20124539 4833:30043830 4825:18504268 4753:31340984 4701:28123971 4650:31258531 4624:: 1348. 4594:22959541 4553:18205917 4502:22315267 4440:30141306 4389:32431661 4338:27113791 4289:30443615 4209:29422736 4158:12997687 4101:21193462 4066:31504429 4020:29101916 3986:29872243 3932:31327867 3883:11762276 3844:30043830 3836:18504268 3793:29472180 3755:Archived 3751:20066826 3717:18031292 3673:18296592 3627:34922038 3619:28290004 3577:73433650 3569:30739331 3487:23531017 3443:29212112 3399:27126645 3353:31676865 3291:31736432 3247:33007077 3189:28446351 3127:31917405 3071:29297660 3031:25304324 2990:31794602 2905:28329262 2815:27764878 2753:26780736 2679:29257737 2617:31155730 2486:efficacy 1977:For the 1910:sequelae 1902:axillary 1666:edoxaban 1654:apixaban 1638:warfarin 1631:bleeding 1293:D-dimers 1075:, high 1005:factor V 906:COVID-19 847:platelet 772:calf DVT 760:proximal 695:. Other 685:hematoma 576:gangrene 478:cyanosis 463:swelling 426:warfarin 422:apixaban 307:(VTE). 281:embolize 242:warfarin 171:hematoma 91:swelling 85:Symptoms 12158:abdomen 11839:Hyaline 11621:D020246 11532:3278060 11457:6217569 11408:4559246 11366:8966676 11232:9487211 11153:8998158 11054:3006583 10411:6258911 10359:4706477 10147:8092568 10068:3278052 10016:3278054 9967:6258928 9915:3278061 9866:3278063 9622:7763794 9503:4944794 9423:6324296 9374:4797165 9318:6514035 9269:6788761 9220:6389417 9129:5763501 8971:5778529 8745:6258922 8652:7074008 8564:3278049 8468:5778527 8417:7389637 8291:6317734 8147:5778510 8055:3948465 8006:3612268 7835:6703916 7702:7139924 7648:5579784 7599:3079895 7516:2855912 7467:4314363 7181:6097196 7053:4515342 7012:7327659 6970:5203474 6921:9305488 6806:3413580 6674:9488553 6542:5354538 6500:6925903 6445:6378375 6353:5974100 6336:: 142. 6204:7224453 6153:7670889 6104:4631038 6055:6848062 6004:4129160 5953:5778512 5899:5796503 5674:6258910 5552:3096855 5180:7938631 5083:6389417 4956:2072980 4914:1609160 4744:6651066 4692:5220209 4641:6587539 4544:2244628 4493:3278048 4380:7214694 4363:: 336. 4329:4854131 4280:6230348 4200:5793026 4149:2021962 3977:5986574 3923:6738049 3801:3454404 3344:6858581 3238:7556153 3180:5415909 2981:6963238 2806:5146955 2744:4715842 2687:3707226 2236:History 2222:Heavy D 1750:Statins 1664:), and 1448:paresis 1333:imaging 1301:plasmin 1187:jugular 960:In the 748:chronic 637:(white) 557:syncope 537:embolus 438:aspirin 430:heparin 402:D-dimer 343:obesity 285:embolus 203:aspirin 122:obesity 78:Various 11656:000156 11610:453.40 11576:BD71.4 11539: 11529: 11494: 11464: 11454: 11415: 11405: 11364: 11356: 11321: 11280: 11239: 11229: 11151: 11105: 11061: 11051: 11007: 10966: 10918: 10762: 10721: 10713: 10600: 10592: 10502: 10494: 10459: 10418: 10408: 10366: 10356: 10312: 10271: 10230: 10189: 10154: 10144: 10075: 10065: 10023: 10013: 9974: 9964: 9922: 9912: 9873: 9863: 9824: 9816: 9781: 9740: 9732: 9680: 9670: 9629: 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