Deep vein thrombosis

1567: 2122:. After surgery with preventive treatment, VTE develops in about 10 of 1000 people after total or partial knee replacement, and in about 5 of 1000 after total or partial hip replacement. About 400,000 Americans develop an initial VTE each year, with 100,000 deaths or more attributable to PE. Asian, Asian-American, Native American, and Hispanic individuals have a lower VTE risk than Whites or Blacks. Populations in Asia have VTE rates at 15 to 20% of what is seen in Western countries, with an increase in incidence seen over time. In North American and European populations, around 4–8% of people have a thrombophilia, most commonly factor V leiden and prothrombin G20210A. For populations in China, Japan, and Thailand, deficiences in protein S, protein C, and antithrombin predominate. Non-O blood type is present in around 50% of the general population and 1725:. When proximal DVT is provoked by surgery or trauma a 3-month course of anticoagulation is standard. When a first VTE is proximal DVT that is either unprovoked or associated with transient non-surgical risk factor, low-dose anticoagulation beyond 3 to 6 months might be used. In those with an annual risk of VTE in excess of 9%, as after an unprovoked episode, extended anticoagulation is a possibility. Those who finish warfarin treatment after idiopathic VTE with an elevated D-dimer level show an increased risk of recurrent VTE (about 9% vs about 4% for normal results), and this result might be used in clinical decision making. Thrombophilia test results rarely play a role in the length of treatment. 1602: 1922:(not possible), or if someone develops a PE despite being anticoagulated. However, a 2020 NICE review found "little good evidence" for their use. A 2018 study associated IVC filter placement with a 50% reduction in PE, a 70% increase in DVT, and an 18% increase in 30 day mortality when compared to no IVC placement. Other studies including a systematic review and meta-analysis did not find a difference in mortality with IVC placement. If someone develops a PE despite being anticoagulated, care should be given to optimize anticoagulation treatment and address other related concerns before considering IVC filter placement. 1673:. Some oral medicines are sufficient when taken alone, while others require the use of an additional parenteral blood thinner. Rivaroxaban and apixaban are the typical first-line medicines, and they are sufficient when taken orally. Rivaroxaban is taken once daily, and apixaban is taken twice daily. Warfarin, dabigatran, and edoxaban require the use of a parenteral anticoagulant to initiate oral anticoagulant therapy. When warfarin is initiated for VTE treatment, a 5-day minimum of a parenteral anticoagulant together with warfarin is given, which is followed by warfarin-only therapy. Warfarin is taken to maintain an 2077:

passengers, but the effect on symptomatic DVT, PE, or mortality is unknown, as none of the individuals studied developed these outcomes. However, graduated compression stockings are not suggested for long-haul travelers (>4 hours) without risk factors for VTE. Likewise, neither aspirin nor anticoagulants are suggested in the general population undertaking long-haul travel. Those with significant VTE risk factors undertaking long-haul travel are suggested to use either graduated compression stockings or LMWH for VTE prevention. If neither of these two methods are feasible, then aspirin is suggested.

969: 1622:. However, treatment varies depending upon the location of DVT. For example, in cases of isolated distal DVT, ultrasound surveillance (a second ultrasound after 2 weeks to check for proximal clots), might be used instead of anticoagulation. Although, those with isolated distal DVT at a high-risk of VTE recurrence are typically anticoagulated as if they had proximal DVT. Those at a low-risk for recurrence might receive a four to six week course of anticoagulation, lower doses, or no anticoagulation at all. In contrast, those with proximal DVT should receive at least 3 months of anticoagulation. 1122: 442: 49: 1171: 1884: 799: 2139: 713: 1239: 1566: 1555: 2115:

0.07 to 0.49 out of 10,000 children annually. Meanwhile, almost 1% of those aged 85 and above experience VTE each year. About 60% of all VTEs occur in those 70 years of age or older. Incidence is about 18% higher in males than in females, though there are ages when VTE is more prevalent in women. VTE occurs in association with hospitalization or nursing home residence about 60% of the time, active cancer about 20% of the time, and a central venous catheter or transvenous pacemaker about 9% of the time.

2069: 1907: 645: 1868: 2230: 1686: 1590: 633: 617: 2268: 1852: 1695: 1883: 2013: 1316:. The numerical result (possible score −2 to 9) is most commonly grouped into either "unlikely" or "likely" categories. A Wells score of two or more means DVT is considered "likely" (about a 28% chance), while those with a lower score are considered "unlikely" to have DVT (about a 6% chance). In those unlikely to have DVT, a diagnosis is excluded by a negative D-dimer blood test. In people with likely DVT, 1190:, but clotting in the veins mostly occurs without any such mechanical damage. The beginning of venous thrombosis is thought to arise from "activation of endothelial cells, platelets, and leukocytes, with initiation of inflammation and formation of microparticles that trigger the coagulation system" via tissue factor. Vein wall inflammation is likely the inciting event. Importantly, the 1199:(NETs) or their components, which play a role in venous thrombi formation. NET components are pro-thrombotic through both the intrinsic and extrinsic coagulation pathways. NETs provide "a scaffold for adhesion" of platelets, red blood cells, and multiple factors that potentiate platelet activation. In addition to the pro-coagulant activities of neutrophils, multiple stimuli cause 1677:(INR) of 2.0–3.0, with 2.5 as the target. The benefit of taking warfarin declines as the duration of treatment extends, and the risk of bleeding increases with age. Periodic INR monitoring is not necessary when first-line direct oral anticoagulants are used. Overall, anticoagulation therapy is complex and many circumstances can affect how these therapies are managed. 1867: 2256:

hypercoaguability, stasis, and endothelial injury. It was not until 1950 that this framework was cited as Virchow's triad, but the teaching of Virchow's triad has continued in light of its utility as a theoretical framework and as a recognition of the significant progress Virchow made in expanding the understanding of VTE.

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people will have recurrent VTE in the 2 years after they complete their course of anticoagulants. VTE recurrence is less common in distal DVT than proximal DVT. In upper extremity DVT, annual VTE recurrence is about 2–4%. After surgery, a provoked proximal DVT or PE has an annual recurrence rate of only 0.7%.

454:, and redness. However, these symptoms might not manifest in the lower limbs of those unable to walk. In those who are able to walk, DVT can reduce one's ability to do so. The pain can be described as throbbing and can worsen with weight-bearing, prompting one to bear more weight with the unaffected leg. 2114:

About 1.5 out of 1000 adults a year have a first VTE in high-income countries. The condition becomes much more common with age. VTE rarely occurs in children, but when it does, it predominantly affects hospitalized children. Children in North America and the Netherlands have VTE rates that range from

2003:

Acutely ill hospitalized patients are suggested to receive a parenteral anticoagulant, although the potential net benefit is uncertain. Critically ill hospitalized patients are recommended to either receive unfractionated heparin or low-molecular weight heparin instead of foregoing these medicines.

1809:(the preferred method of administering the clot-busting enzyme) include a risk of bleeding, complexity, and the cost of the procedure. Although, while anticoagulation is the preferred treatment for DVT, thrombolysis is a treatment option for those with the severe DVT form of phlegmasia cerula dorens ( 1728:

Treatment for acute leg DVT is suggested to continue at home for uncomplicated DVT instead of hospitalization. Factors that favor hospitalization include severe symptoms or additional medical issues. Early walking is suggested over bedrest. Graduated compression stockings—which apply higher pressure

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of the suspected veins. VTE becomes much more common with age. The condition is rare in children, but occurs in almost 1% of those ≥ age 85 annually. Asian, Asian-American, Native American, and Hispanic individuals have a lower VTE risk than Whites or Blacks. Populations in Asia have VTE rates at 15

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and an IV heparin drip, all while gasping for air. She started to receive an ultrasound to look for DVT in the legs, prompting her to express dissatisfaction to the medical staff that they were not looking for clots where she had symptoms (her lungs), and they were not yet treating her presumed PE.

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In the 10 years following an initial VTE, about 30% of people will have a recurrence. VTE recurrence in those with prior DVT is more likely to recur as DVT than PE. Cancer and unprovoked DVT are strong risk factors for recurrence. After initial proximal unprovoked DVT with and without PE, 16–17% of

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of about 6%, with PE being the cause of most of these deaths. Proximal DVT is frequently associated with PE, unlike distal DVT, which is rarely if ever associated with PE. Around 56% of those with proximal DVT also have PE, although a chest CT is not needed simply because of the presence of DVT. If

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Options for VTE prevention in people following non-orthopedic surgery include early walking, mechanical prophylaxis, and blood thinners (low-molecular-weight heparin and low-dose-unfractionated heparin) depending upon the risk of VTE, risk of major bleeding, and person's preferences. After low-risk

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in the general population, incorporating leg exercises while sitting down for long periods, or having breaks from a sitting position and walking around, having an active lifestyle, and maintaining a healthy body weight are recommended. Walking increases blood flow through the leg veins. Excess body

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of LDUH in 1962 and subcutaneous injections of LMWH in 1982. 1974 was when vascular inflammation and venous thrombosis were first proposed to be interrelated. For around 50 years, a months-long warfarin (Coumadin) regimen was the mainstay of pharmacological treatment. To avoid the blood monitoring

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DVT occurs in the upper extremities in about 4–10% of cases, with an incidence of 0.4–1.0 people out of 10,000 a year. A minority of upper extremity DVTs are due to Paget–Schroetter syndrome, also called effort thrombosis, which occurs in 1–2 people out of 100,000 a year, usually in athletic males

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has also been validated for use. It contains only objective criteria but requires obtaining a D-dimer value. With this prediction rule, three points or less means a person is at low risk for DVT. A result of four or more points indicates an ultrasound is needed. Instead of using a prediction rule,

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The process of fibrinolysis, where DVT clots can be dissolved back into the blood, acts to temper the process of thrombus growth. This is the preferred process. Aside from the potentially deadly process of embolization, a clot can resolve through organization, which can damage the valves of veins,

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Travelling "is an often cited yet relatively uncommon" cause of VTE. Suggestions for at-risk long-haul travelers include calf exercises, frequent walking, and aisle seating in airplanes to ease walking. Graduated compression stockings have sharply reduced the levels of asymptomatic DVT in airline

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A mechanical thrombectomy device can remove DVT clots, particularly in acute iliofemoral DVT (DVT of the major veins in the pelvis), but there is limited data on its efficacy. It is usually combined with thrombolysis, and sometimes temporary IVC filters are placed to protect against PE during the

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is considered positive when the vein walls of normally compressible veins do not collapse under gentle pressure. Clot visualization is sometimes possible, but is not required. Three compression ultrasound scanning techniques can be used, with two of the three methods requiring a second ultrasound

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of veins interacts with circulating white blood cells (leukocytes). While leukocytes normally help prevent blood from clotting (as does normal endothelium), upon stimulation, leukocytes facilitate clotting. Neutrophils are recruited early in the process of venous thrombi formation. They release

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Symptoms classically affect a leg and typically develop over hours or days, though they can develop suddenly or over a matter of weeks. The legs are primarily affected, with 4–10% of DVT occurring in the arms. Despite the signs and symptoms being highly variable, the typical symptoms are pain,

1804:

is the injection of an enzyme into the veins to dissolve blood clots, and while this treatment has been proven effective against the life-threatening emergency clots of stroke and heart attacks, randomized controlled trials have not established a net benefit in those with acute proximal DVT.

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published his analysis after the insertion of foreign bodies into the jugular veins of dogs, which migrated to the pulmonary arteries. These foreign bodies caused pulmonary emboli, and Virchow was focused on explaining their consequences. He cited three factors, which are now understood as

1327:

While the Wells score is the predominant and most studied clinical prediction rule for DVT, it does have drawbacks. The Wells score requires a subjective assessment regarding the likelihood of an alternate diagnosis and performs less well in the elderly and those with a prior DVT. The

1312:(see column in the table below) to determine if a potential DVT is "likely" or "unlikely" is typically the first step of the diagnostic process. The score is used in suspected first lower extremity DVT (without any PE symptoms) in primary care and outpatient settings, including the 8797:

Douketis J, Tosetto A, Marcucci M, Baglin T, Cushman M, Eichinger S, et al. (October 2010). "Patient-level meta-analysis: effect of measurement timing, threshold, and patient age on ability of D-dimer testing to assess recurrence risk after unprovoked venous thromboembolism".

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are rare but strong, or moderately strong, risk factors. They increase risk by about 10 times. Having a non-O blood type roughly doubles VTE risk. Non-O blood type is common globally, making it an important risk factor. Individuals without O blood type have higher blood levels of

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Enden T, Haig Y, Kløw NE, Slagsvold CE, Sandvik L, Ghanima W, et al. (January 2012). "Long-term outcome after additional catheter-directed thrombolysis versus standard treatment for acute iliofemoral deep vein thrombosis (the CaVenT study): a randomised controlled trial".

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Being on blood thinners because of DVT can be life-changing because it can prevent lifestyle activities such as contact or winter sports to prevent bleeding after potential injuries. Head injuries prompting brain bleeds are of particular concern. This has caused NASCAR driver

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exist. In 2020, NICE kept their 2012 recommendations that catheter-directed thrombolysis should be considered in those with iliofemoral DVT who have "symptoms lasting less than 14 days, good functional status, a life expectancy of 1 year or more, and a low risk of bleeding."

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Acquired risk factors include the strong risk factor of older age, which alters blood composition to favor clotting. Previous VTE, particularly unprovoked VTE, is a strong risk factor. A leftover clot from a prior DVT increases the risk of a subsequent DVT. Major surgery and

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Treatment for DVT is warranted when the clots are either proximal, distal and symptomatic, or upper extremity and symptomatic. Providing anticoagulation, or blood-thinning medicine, is the typical treatment after patients are checked to make sure they are not subject to

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DVT persists more than 28 days. Differences between these two types of DVT can be seen with ultrasound. An episode of VTE after an initial one is classified as recurrent. Bilateral DVT refers to clots in both limbs while unilateral means only a single limb is affected.

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text published around 600–900 BC, contains what has been cited as the first description of DVT. In 1271, DVT symptoms in the leg of a 20-year-old male were described in a French manuscript, which has been cited as the first case or the first Western reference to DVT.

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VTE costs the US healthcare system about $ 7 to 10 billion dollars annually. Initial and average DVT costs for a hospitalized US patient is about $ 10,000 (2015 estimate). In Europe, the costs for an initial VTE hospitalization are significantly less, costing about

1548:, which involves injecting a peripheral vein of the affected limb with a contrast agent and taking X-rays, to reveal whether the venous supply has been obstructed. Because of its cost, invasiveness, availability, and other limitations, this test is rarely performed. 10110: 1526:

some days later to rule out the diagnosis. Whole-leg ultrasound is the option that does not require a repeat ultrasound, but proximal compression ultrasound is frequently used because distal DVT is only rarely clinically significant. Ultrasound methods including

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Haig Y, Enden T, Grøtta O, Kløw NE, Slagsvold CE, Ghanima W, et al. (February 2016). "Post-thrombotic syndrome after catheter-directed thrombolysis for deep vein thrombosis (CaVenT): 5-year follow-up results of an open-label, randomised controlled trial".

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in the 1970s and 1980s, but ultrasound, particularly after utility of probe compression was demonstrated in 1986, became the preferred diagnostic method. Yet, in the mid-1990s, contrast venography and impedance plethysmography were still described as common.

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After being diagnosed with PE and not DVT, and after receiving heparin by IV, the coughing from the PE caused her C-section surgical site to open and the heparin contributed to bleeding at the site. Serena later received an IVC filter while in the hospital.

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Prevention of VTE for the general population includes avoiding obesity and maintaining an active lifestyle. Preventive efforts following low-risk surgery include early and frequent walking. Riskier surgeries generally prevent VTE with a blood thinner or

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If someone decides to stop anticoagulation after an unprovoked VTE instead of being on lifelong anticoagulation, aspirin can be used to reduce the risk of recurrence, but it is only about 33% as effective as anticoagulation in preventing recurrent VTE.

728:(VTE). VTE can occur as DVT only, DVT with PE, or PE only. About two-thirds of VTE manifests as DVT only, with one-third manifesting as PE with or without DVT. VTE, along with superficial vein thrombosis, are common types of venous thrombosis. 2036:—has a high risk of causing VTE. If prophylaxis is not used after these surgeries, symptomatic VTE has about a 4% chance of developing within 35 days. Following major orthopedic surgery, a blood thinner or aspirin is typically paired with 1112:

and age do not seem to increase risk. Common risk factors for having an upper extremity DVT include having an existing foreign body (such as a central venous catheter, a pacemaker, or a triple-lumen PICC line), cancer, and recent surgery.

2868:"Diagnosis and management of acute deep vein thrombosis: a joint consensus document from the European Society of Cardiology working groups of aorta and peripheral vascular diseases and pulmonary circulation and right ventricular function" 932:

Cancer can grow in and around veins, causing venous stasis, and can also stimulate increased levels of tissue factor. Cancers of the blood, lung, pancreas, brain, stomach, and bowel are associated with high VTE risk. Solid tumors such as

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Tran HA, Gibbs H, Merriman E, Curnow JL, Young L, Bennett A, et al. (March 2019). "New guidelines from the Thrombosis and Haemostasis Society of Australia and New Zealand for the diagnosis and management of venous thromboembolism".

980:, includes a group of proteins that regulate clotting. DVT risk can be altered by abnormalities in the cascade. The regulators, antithrombin (ᾳTHR) and activated protein C (APC), are shown in green above the clotting factors they affect. 1822:

procedure. Catheter-directed thrombolysis with thrombectomy against iliofemoral DVT has been associated with a reduction in the severity of post-thrombotic syndrome at an estimated cost-effectiveness ratio of about $ 138,000 per gained

1107:

Some risk factors influence the location of DVT within the body. In isolated distal DVT, the profile of risk factors appears distinct from proximal DVT. Transient factors, such as surgery and immobilization, appear to dominate, whereas

1045:, which increases prothrombin levels, increases risk by about 2.5 times. Additionally, approximately 5% of people have been identified with a background genetic risk comparable to the factor V Leiden and prothrombin G20210A mutations. 2421:

The term 'thrombophilia' as used here applies to the five inherited abnormalities of antithrombin, protein C, protein S, factor V, and prothrombin, as is done elsewhere. These 5 genetic factors have been referred to as the classical

2102:. After proximal DVT, an estimated 20–50% of people develop the syndrome, with 5–10% experiencing severe symptoms. Post-thrombotic syndrome can also be a complication of distal DVT, though to a lesser extent than with proximal DVT. 1222:

are also components. Platelets are not as prominent in venous clots as they are in arterial ones, but they can play a role. In cancer, tissue factor is produced by cancer cells. Cancer also produces unique substances that stimulate

7970:"Rationale and design of the ATTRACT Study: a multicenter randomized trial to evaluate pharmacomechanical catheter-directed thrombolysis for the prevention of postthrombotic syndrome in patients with proximal deep vein thrombosis" 3043: 2093:

Another frequent complication of proximal DVT, and the most frequent chronic complication, is post-thrombotic syndrome, where individuals have chronic venous symptoms. Symptoms can include pain, itching, swelling,

1991:, has provided some tentative evidence of effectiveness. Of the statins, rosuvastatin appears to be the only one with the potential to reduce VTE risk. If so, it appears to reduce risk by about 15%. However, the 11589: 11570: 11555: 716:

The iliac veins (in the pelvis) include the external iliac vein, the internal iliac vein, and the common iliac vein. The common femoral vein is below the external iliac vein. (It is labeled simply "femoral"

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2000 to 4000 (2011 estimate). Post-thrombotic syndrome is a significant contributor to DVT follow-up costs. Outpatient treatment significantly reduces costs, and treatment costs for PE exceed those of DVT.

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Lazo-Langner A, Kovacs MJ, Hedley B, Al-Ani F, Keeney M, Louzada ML, et al. (June 2015). "Screening of patients with idiopathic venous thromboembolism for paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria clones".

1589: 1733:, as the potential benefit of using them for this goal "may be uncertain". Nor are compression stockings likely to reduce VTE recurrence. They are, however, recommended in those with isolated distal DVT. 8864:

Berntsen CF, Kristiansen A, Akl EA, Sandset PM, Jacobsen EM, Guyatt G, et al. (April 2016). "Compression Stockings for Preventing the Postthrombotic Syndrome in Patients with Deep Vein Thrombosis".

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Dentali F, Sironi AP, Ageno W, Turato S, Bonfanti C, Frattini F, et al. (July 2012). "Non-O blood type is the commonest genetic risk factor for VTE: results from a meta-analysis of the literature".

2412:"It is important to note that smoking is not an independent risk factor, although it increases the risk for cancers and other comorbidities and works synergistically with other independent risk factors." 1583:. When compared to this clot, clots that instead obstruct the common femoral vein (proximal to this branching point) cause more severe effects due to impacting a significantly larger portion of the leg. 9980:"VTE, thrombophilia, antithrombotic therapy, and pregnancy: Antithrombotic therapy and prevention of thrombosis, 9th ed: American College of Chest Physicians evidence-based clinical practice guidelines" 8340:"Management of massive and submassive pulmonary embolism, iliofemoral deep vein thrombosis, and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association" 1554: 469:(a blue or purplish discoloration) with fever. DVT can also exist without causing any symptoms. Signs and symptoms help in determining the likelihood of DVT, but they are not used alone for diagnosis. 4708:"Long term risk of symptomatic recurrent venous thromboembolism after discontinuation of anticoagulant treatment for first unprovoked venous thromboembolism event: systematic review and meta-analysis" 1324:

used to confirm or exclude a diagnosis. Imaging is also needed for hospital inpatients with suspected DVT and those initially categorized as unlikely to have DVT but who have a positive D-dimer test.

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Sobieraj DM, Lee S, Coleman CI, Tongbram V, Chen W, Colby J, et al. (May 2012). "Prolonged versus standard-duration venous thromboprophylaxis in major orthopedic surgery: a systematic review".

9879:"Prevention of VTE in nonorthopedic surgical patients: Antithrombotic therapy and prevention of thrombosis, 9th ed: American College of Chest Physicians evidence-based clinical practice guidelines" 265:, most commonly in the legs or pelvis. A minority of DVTs occur in the arms. Symptoms can include pain, swelling, redness, and enlarged veins in the affected area, but some DVTs have no symptoms. 10767: 1749:

An unprovoked VTE might signal the presence of an unknown cancer, as it is an underlying condition in up to 10% of unprovoked cases. A thorough clinical assessment is needed and should include a

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For example "recent surgery, history of VTE, postpartum women, active malignancy, or ≥2 risk factors, including combinations of the above with hormone replacement therapy, obesity, or pregnancy"

9830:"Prevention of VTE in orthopedic surgery patients: Antithrombotic therapy and prevention of thrombosis, 9th ed: American College of Chest Physicians evidence-based clinical practice guidelines" 6215:

Danwang C, Bigna JJ, Awana AP, Nzalie RN, Robert A (February 2021). "Global epidemiology of venous thromboembolism in people with active tuberculosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis".

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The Wells score as displayed here is the more recent modified score, which added a criterion for a previous documented DVT and increased the time range after surgery to 12 weeks from 4 weeks.

532:

that supplies deoxygenated blood to the lungs for oxygenation. Up to one-fourth of PE cases are thought to result in sudden death. When not fatal, PE can cause symptoms such as sudden onset

2503:(PT) to a standardized control PT. A normal INR for those not on anticoagulation is 1.0. A value of 5.0 or higher is considered a critical finding because of an increased risk of bleeding. 1601: 1167:

development, in which collagen becomes the characteristic component. The first pathological stage is marked by red blood cells, and the second is characterized by medium-textured fibrin.

10032:"Prevention of VTE in nonsurgical patients: Antithrombotic Therapy and Prevention of Thrombosis, 9th ed: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines" 2530:

Including those with "previous VTE, recent surgery or trauma, active malignancy, pregnancy, estrogen use, advanced age, limited mobility, severe obesity, or known thrombophilic disorder"

9233:"Cost-effectiveness of pharmacomechanical catheter-directed thrombolysis versus standard anticoagulation in patients with proximal deep vein thrombosis: results from the ATTRACT trial" 8528:"Antithrombotic therapy for VTE disease: Antithrombotic therapy and prevention of thrombosis, 9th ed: American College of Chest Physicians evidence-based clinical practice guidelines" 7536: 3063: 790:

in 2019 urged for this dichotomy to be abandoned to encourage more personalized risk assessments for recurrent VTE. The distinction between these categories is not always clear.

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Kearon C, Akl EA, Ornelas J, Blaivas A, Jimenez D, Bounameaux H, et al. (February 2016). "Antithrombotic therapy for VTE disease: CHEST guideline and expert panel report".

10084: 10424:"Symptomatic in-hospital deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism following hip and knee arthroplasty among patients receiving recommended prophylaxis: a systematic review" 786:

DVT can be classified into provoked and unprovoked categories. For example, DVT that occurs in association with cancer or surgery can be classified as provoked. However, the

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During pregnancy and after childbirth, acute VTE occurs in about 1.2 of 1000 deliveries. Despite it being relatively rare, it is a leading cause of maternal morbidity and

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at the ankles and a lower pressure around the knees can be trialed for symptomatic management of acute DVT symptoms, but they are not recommended for reducing the risk of

1143:

DVT often develops in the calf veins and "grows" in the direction of venous flow, towards the heart. DVT most frequently affects veins in the leg or pelvis including the

862:, venous stasis can be temporarily provoked by a cessation of blood flow as part of the procedure. Inactivity and immobilization contribute to venous stasis, as with 2490:

The international normalized ratio should be ≥ 2.0 for 24 hours minimum, but if the ratio is > 3.0, then the parenteral anticoagulant is not needed for five days.

2374: 5820:"Guidelines for adult stroke rehabilitation and recovery: a guideline for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association" 11496:"Executive summary: Antithrombotic therapy and prevention of thrombosis, 9th ed: American College of Chest Physicians evidence-based clinical practice guidelines" 2284:(DOACs) were developed. In the late 2000s to early 2010s, DOACs—including rivaroxaban (Xarelto), apixaban (Eliquis), and dabigatran (Pradaxa)—came to the market. 1210:

complex, activates the extrinsic pathway of coagulation and leads to conversion of prothrombin to thrombin, followed by fibrin deposition. Fresh venous clots are

4457:"Diagnosis of DVT: Antithrombotic therapy and prevention of thrombosis, 9th ed: American College of Chest Physicians evidence-based clinical practice guidelines" 2945:"American Society of Hematology 2019 guidelines for management of venous thromboembolism: prevention of venous thromboembolism in surgical hospitalized patients" 7942: 1851: 5638:"American Society of Hematology 2018 guidelines for management of venous thromboembolism: prophylaxis for hospitalized and nonhospitalized medical patients" 4959:

Galanaud JP, Bosson JL, Quéré I (September 2011). "Risk factors and early outcomes of patients with symptomatic distal vs. proximal deep-vein thrombosis".

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activation. Various risk factors contribute to VTE, including genetic and environmental factors, though many with multiple risk factors never develop it.

4029:"2019 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of acute pulmonary embolism developed in collaboration with the European Respiratory Society (ERS)" 552:(worsened by deep breaths) and can vary based upon where the embolus is lodged in the lungs. An estimated 30–50% of those with PE have detectable DVT by 5775:

Ishida T, Sakurai H, Watanabe K, Iwashita S, Mimura M, Uchida H (July 2016). "Incidence of deep vein thrombosis in catatonic patients: A chart review".

5200: 2085:

DVT is most frequently a disease of older age that occurs in the context of nursing homes, hospitals, and active cancer. It is associated with a 30-day

1721:

The duration of anticoagulation therapy (whether it will last 4 to 6 weeks, 6 to 12 weeks, 3 to 6 months, or indefinitely) is a key factor in clinical

1518: 11171: 9387:"Association of inferior vena cava filter placement for venous thromboembolic disease and a contraindication to anticoagulation with 30-day mortality" 616: 3202:"American Society of Hematology 2020 guidelines for management of venous thromboembolism: treatment of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism" 1958:

is the specialty that typically places and retrieves IVC filters, and vascular surgery might do catheter directed thrombosis for some severe DVTs.

4758: 4342:"Deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism among patients with a cryptogenic stroke linked to patent foramen ovale – a review of the literature" 8303: 2169:

was hospitalized in 2011 for PE thought to have originated from DVT. Years later, in 2017, due to her knowledge of DVT and PE, Serena accurately

3680:"Anticoagulant prophylaxis to prevent asymptomatic deep vein thrombosis in hospitalized medical patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis" 2209:

had DVT after hip-replacement surgery. DVT has also contributed to the deaths of famous people. For example, DVT and PE played a role in rapper

445:

Swelling from fluid (edema) can result in "pitting" after pressure is applied. If this occurs only on one side, it raises the likelihood of DVT.

9514: 4293:"Lower extremity compartment syndrome in the setting of iliofemoral deep vein thrombosis, phlegmasia cerulea dolens and factor VII deficiency" 393:

test can also be used to assist with excluding the diagnosis or to signal a need for further testing. Diagnosis is most commonly confirmed by

9931:"American Society of Hematology 2018 guidelines for management of venous thromboembolism: venous thromboembolism in the context of pregnancy" 2177:

surgery and was off of blood thinners. After feeling the sudden onset of a PE symptom, shortness of breath, she told her nurse and requested

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Dozens of genetic risk factors have been identified, and they account for approximately 50 to 60% of the variability in VTE rates. As such,

354:. VTE has a strong genetic component, accounting for approximately 50 to 60% of the variability in VTE rates. Genetic factors include non-O 10657: 665: 2052:

The risk of VTE is increased in pregnancy by about four to five times because of a more hypercoagulable state that protects against fatal

11700: 1971:

weight is modifiable unlike most risk factors, and interventions or lifestyle modifications that help someone who is overweight or obese

10510: 10375:"American Society of Hematology 2018 Guidelines for management of venous thromboembolism: treatment of pediatric venous thromboembolism" 8709:"American Society of Hematology 2018 guidelines for management of venous thromboembolism: optimal management of anticoagulation therapy" 4393:"European position paper on the management of patients with patent foramen ovale. General approach and left circulation thromboembolism" 3308:"Genome-wide association analysis of venous thromboembolism identifies new risk loci and genetic overlap with arterial vascular disease" 1560:

An ultrasound with a blood clot visible in the left common femoral vein. (The common femoral vein is distal to the external iliac vein.)

12273: 7528: 1897:

were significantly improved. Afterwards, a first rib resection allowed decompression. This reduces the risk of recurrent DVT and other

1761:

done in people of that age. A review of prior imaging is considered worthwhile, as is "reviewing baseline blood test results including

1270:. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 and early-growth-response protein 1 contribute to monocyte association with endothelial proteins, such as 10080: 9141: 1163:

cause vein fibrosis, and result in non-compliant veins. Organization of a thrombus into the vein can occur at the third stage of its

299:

About two-thirds of VTE manifests as DVT only, with one-third manifesting as PE with or without DVT. The most frequent long-term DVT

3887:"The relationship between pancreatic cancer and hypercoagulability: a comprehensive review on epidemiological and biological issues" 6366:"Call to action to prevent venous thromboembolism in hospitalized patients: a policy statement from the American Heart Association" 10323:"The economic burden of incident venous thromboembolism in the United States: A review of estimated attributable healthcare costs" 4837:"Risk of deep vein thrombosis following a single negative whole-leg compression ultrasound: a systematic review and meta-analysis" 3743: 8019:"Exclusion of deep vein thrombosis using the Wells rule in clinically important subgroups: individual patient data meta-analysis" 1246:

Often, DVT begins in the valves of veins. The blood flow pattern in the valves can cause low oxygen concentrations in the blood (

6117:"Incidence of VTE and bleeding among hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019: a systematic review and meta-analysis" 9542:"Compression and walking versus bed rest in the treatment of proximal deep venous thrombosis with low molecular weight heparin" 4212: 2322:

identified 29 separate research priorities, most of which related to patients who are acutely or critically ill. Inhibition of

1534:

can be used to further characterize the clot and Doppler ultrasound is especially helpful in the non-compressible iliac veins.

1081: 938: 668:

of pain, swelling, and redness. Symptoms concerning for DVT are more often due to other causes, including cellulitis, ruptured

7612:"Pathophysiology of venous thromboembolism with respect to the anatomical features of the deep veins of lower limbs: a review" 4792:

Casella IB, Bosch MA, Sabbag CR (2009). "Incidence and risk factors for bilateral deep venous thrombosis of the lower limbs".

3803:

Casella IB, Bosch MA, Sabbag CR (2009). "Incidence and risk factors for bilateral deep venous thrombosis of the lower limbs".

12045: 1829:

In DVT in the arm, the first (topmost) rib can be surgically removed as part of the typical treatment when the DVT is due to

1778: 11245:"Daily hospitalization costs in patients with deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism treated with anticoagulant therapy" 9170:"NICE Interventional procedures guidance 651: Percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy for acute deep vein thrombosis of the leg 12050: 10561:

Golemi I, Salazar Adum JP, Tafur A, Caprini J (August 2019). "Venous thromboembolism prophylaxis using the Caprini score".

2060:

in 2018. Warfarin, a common vitamin K antagonist, can cause birth defects and is not used for prevention during pregnancy.

1741:

have also been investigated for their potential to reduce recurrent VTE rates, with some studies suggesting effectiveness.

1000:, mildly increases VTE risk by about three times. Deficiencies of three proteins that normally prevent blood from clotting— 9685: 8163:

Wells PS, Ihaddadene R, Reilly A, Forgie MA (January 2018). "Diagnosis of venous thromboembolism: 20 years of progress".

2584:

Kruger PC, Eikelboom JW, Douketis JD, Hankey GJ (June 2019). "Deep vein thrombosis: update on diagnosis and management".

2202: 1085: 10822: 644: 11484: 10908: 10097:

oral contraceptives, sitting in a window seat, advanced age, and pregnancy increase DVT risk in long-distance travelers

2123: 2090:

proximal DVT is left untreated, in the following 3 months approximately half of people will experience symptomatic PE.

2037: 430: 183: 2217:

died at age 39 while covering the Iraq War from a PE that was thought to have progressed from a missed DVT, and actor

632: 7946: 4068:

Chinsakchai K, Ten Duis K, Moll FL, de Borst GJ (January 2011). "Trends in management of phlegmasia cerulea dolens".

1232: 567:. Phlegmasia cerulea dolens can occur in the arm but more commonly affects the leg. If found in the setting of acute 10536: 1296:, the standard treatment for DVT, prevents further clot growth and PE, but does not act directly on existing clots. 12200: 11817: 2354: 1077: 594:

because the clot abnormally travels from the pulmonary circuit to the systemic circuit while inside the heart. The

10631: 6770:"Assessing the risk of venous thromboembolic events in women taking progestin-only contraception: a meta-analysis" 6733:

Bovill EG, van der Vliet A (2011). "Venous valvular stasis-associated hypoxia and thrombosis: what is the link?".

6407:"Behçet's syndrome as a tool to dissect the mechanisms of thrombo-inflammation: clinical and pathogenetic aspects" 2275:

Multiple pharmacological therapies for DVT were introduced in the 20th century: oral anticoagulants in the 1940s,

1877:, a rare and severe arm DVT shown here in a judo practitioner, with highly restricted blood flow shown in the vein 961:

increase the risk through a variety of mechanisms, including altered blood coagulation protein levels and reduced

11832: 11693: 6880:

Varga EA, Kujovich JL (January 2012). "Management of inherited thrombophilia: guide for genetics professionals".

2194: 1595:

An abdominal CT scan demonstrating an iliofemoral DVT, with the clot in the right common iliac vein of the pelvis

1450:

Recently bedridden ≥ 3 days, or major surgery requiring regional or general anesthetic in the past 12 weeks

1305: 1255: 1174:

Upper extremity DVTs can occur in the subclavian, axillary, brachial, ulnar, and radial veins (pictured) and the

946: 343: 187: 122: 10463:

Margaglione M, Grandone E (February 2011). "Population genetics of venous thromboembolism. A narrative review".

12151: 10195:"Long-term risk of postthrombotic syndrome after symptomatic distal deep vein thrombosis: The CACTUS-PTS study" 9443: 6594:

Falanga A, Russo L, Milesi V, Vignoli A (October 2017). "Mechanisms and risk factors of thrombosis in cancer".

2335: 2319: 2057: 1806: 1674: 1196: 1053: 787: 202: 8843:

Early mobilization for patients with venous thromboembolism: a review of clinical effectiveness and guidelines

1292:

dissolving a clot—or other conditions. Hospitalized patients often have elevated levels for multiple reasons.

1288:, a natural byproduct of fibrinolysis that is typically found in the blood. An elevated level can result from 11963: 8668:"Duration of anticoagulant therapy for venous thromboembolism: balancing benefits and harms on the long term" 5192: 2173:

for herself to have a PE diagnosed and treated. During this encounter with VTE, she was hospitalized after a

1874: 1834: 883: 10727:"Phlebitis, pulmonary emboli and presidential politics: Richard M. Nixon's complicated deep vein thrombosis" 9586:"Exploring opportunities for primary prevention of unprovoked venous thromboembolism: ready for prime time?" 8381:"Anticoagulants versus non-steroidal anti-inflammatories or placebo for treatment of venous thromboembolism" 7799:"Neutrophil extracellular traps: villains and targets in arterial, venous, and cancer-associated thrombosis" 5636:

Schünemann HJ, Cushman M, Burnett AE, Kahn SR, Beyer-Westendorf J, Spencer FA, et al. (November 2018).

5580:

Martinelli I, Bucciarelli P, Mannucci PM (February 2010). "Thrombotic risk factors: basic pathophysiology".

1813:) and in some younger patients with DVT affecting the iliac and common femoral veins. Of note, a variety of 12268: 12188: 11893: 10873: 2288:

described a "furious battle" among the three makers of these drugs "for the prescription pads of doctors".

1954:. Patients suspected of having an acute DVT are often referred to the emergency department for evaluation. 1786: 1662: 958: 926: 681: 497: 481: 218: 167: 10234:

Konstantinides SV, Torbicki A, Agnelli G, Danchin N, Fitzmaurice D, Galiè N, et al. (November 2014).

2271:

Warfarin, a common vitamin K antagonist, was the mainstay of pharmacological treatment for about 50 years.

12283: 12278: 12005: 11995: 10275:

Johannesen CD, Flachs EM, Ebbehøj NE, Marott JL, Jensen GB, Nordestgaard BG, et al. (January 2020).

5002:

Utter GH, Dhillon TS, Salcedo ES, Shouldice DJ, Reynolds CL, Humphries MD, et al. (September 2016).

2512:"Up to 83% of patients treated by any catheter-based therapy, need adjunctive angioplasty, and stenting". 2470: 2387: 2259:

Methods to observe DVT by ultrasound were established in the 1960s. Diagnoses were commonly performed by

697: 576: 477: 472:

At times, DVT can cause symptoms in both arms or both legs, as with bilateral DVT. Rarely, a clot in the

10193:

Galanaud JP, Righini M, Le Collen L, Douillard A, Robert-Ebadi H, Pontal D, et al. (January 2020).

6260:"Risk of recurrent venous thromboembolism in autoimmune diseases: a systematic review of the literature" 1250:) of a valve sinus. Hypoxemia, which is worsened by venous stasis, activates pathways—ones that include 12384: 12035: 12010: 11827: 11756: 11686: 9467:"Emergency department management of suspected calf-vein deep venous thrombosis: a diagnostic algorithm" 4027:

Konstantinides SV, Meyer G, Becattini C, Bueno H, Geersing GJ, Harjola VP, et al. (January 2020).

2281: 2145:

has spoken at length about a frightening encounter she had with VTE while she was hospitalized in 2017.

1919: 1285: 1251: 910: 693: 493: 1826:. Phlegmasia cerulea dolens might be treated with catheter-directed thrombolysis and/or thrombectomy. 12409: 12352: 12000: 11953: 11803: 11766: 9929:

Bates SM, Rajasekhar A, Middeldorp S, McLintock C, Rodger MA, James AH, et al. (November 2018).

9713: 9231:

Magnuson EA, Chinnakondepalli K, Vilain K, Kearon C, Julian JA, Kahn SR, et al. (October 2019).

8017:

Geersing GJ, Zuithoff NP, Kearon C, Anderson DR, Ten Cate-Hoek AJ, Elf JL, et al. (March 2014).

2260: 1967: 1935: 1915: 1650: 1151:(of the thigh), and iliac veins of the pelvis. Extensive lower-extremity DVT can even reach into the 1101: 985: 922: 560: 559:

A rare and massive DVT that causes significant obstruction and discoloration (including cyanosis) is

339: 335: 214: 118: 114: 10847: 9828:

Falck-Ytter Y, Francis CW, Johanson NA, Curley C, Dahl OE, Schulman S, et al. (February 2012).

8996:"NICE Guideline 158: Venous thromboembolic diseases: diagnosis, management and thrombophilia testing 8526:

Kearon C, Akl EA, Comerota AJ, Prandoni P, Bounameaux H, Goldhaber SZ, et al. (February 2012).

7563:"Leukocytes and the natural history of deep vein thrombosis: current concepts and future directions" 6634:

Fernandes CJ, Morinaga LTK, Alves JL, Castro MA, Calderaro D, Jardim CVP, et al. (March 2019).

6405:

Becatti M, Emmi G, Bettiol A, Silvestri E, Di Scala G, Taddei N, Prisco D, Fiorillo C (March 2019).

6166:"Risk of recurrent venous thromboembolism in patients with HIV infection: A nationwide cohort study" 6115:

Jiménez D, García-Sanchez A, Rali P, Muriel A, Bikdeli B, Ruiz-Artacho P, et al. (March 2021).

1793:

recommends that further investigations are unwarranted in those without relevant signs or symptoms.

12394: 12207: 12161: 12156: 11980: 11958: 11604: 6015:

Beristain-Covarrubias N, Perez-Toledo M, Thomas MR, Henderson IR, Watson SP, Cunningham AF (2019).

4455:

Bates SM, Jaeschke R, Stevens SM, Goodacre S, Wells PS, Stevenson MD, et al. (February 2012).

4391:

Pristipino C, Sievert H, D'Ascenzo F, Mas JL, Meier B, Scacciatella P, et al. (January 2019).

2943:

Anderson DR, Morgano GP, Bennett C, Dentali F, Francis CW, Garcia DA, et al. (December 2019).

2366: 2162:

have dealt with recurrent blood clots, and Bosh's career was significantly hampered by DVT and PE.

2017: 1955: 1830: 1730: 1267: 929:(SLE) increase risk. SLE itself is frequently associated with secondary antiphospholipid syndrome. 879: 875: 382: 304: 92: 8338:

Jaff MR, McMurtry MS, Archer SL, Cushman M, Goldenberg N, Goldhaber SZ, et al. (April 2011).

5384:"Risk factors for venous thrombosis – current understanding from an epidemiological point of view" 2992:

Raskob GE, Angchaisuksiri P, Blanco AN, Buller H, Gallus A, Hunt BJ, et al. (November 2014).

417:. Beginning warfarin treatment requires an additional non-oral anticoagulant, often injections of 12474: 12449: 12431: 11913: 11908: 11872: 11842: 10373:

Monagle P, Cuello CA, Augustine C, Bonduel M, Brandão LR, Capman T, et al. (November 2018).

9744:

Biere-Rafi S, Hutten BA, Squizzato A, Ageno W, Souverein PC, de Boer A, et al. (June 2013).

9686:"Statins and primary prevention of venous thromboembolism: a systematic review and meta-analysis" 3992: 2358: 1572: 1259: 1228: 1013: 394: 359: 300: 139: 87: 10792: 9877:

Gould MK, Garcia DA, Wren SM, Karanicolas PJ, Arcelus JI, Heit JA, et al. (February 2012).

4652:

Karande GY, Hedgire SS, Sanchez Y, Baliyan V, Mishra V, Ganguli S, et al. (December 2016).

2866:

Mazzolai L, Aboyans V, Ageno W, Agnelli G, Alatri A, Bauersachs R, et al. (December 2018).

918: 12421: 12404: 12399: 12389: 12230: 12166: 11808: 11709: 11325:

Dobesh PP (August 2009). "Economic burden of venous thromboembolism in hospitalized patients".

9282:"Thoracic outlet syndrome: a comprehensive review of pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment" 9091:

Vedantham S, Goldhaber SZ, Julian JA, Kahn SR, Jaff MR, Cohen DJ, et al. (December 2017).

8107:

Stone J, Hangge P, Albadawi H, Wallace A, Shamoun F, Knuttien MG, et al. (December 2017).

6972:

Paulsen B, Skille H, Smith EN, Hveem K, Gabrielsen ME, Brækkan SK, et al. (October 2019).

2276: 2178: 2029: 1992: 1918:(IVC filter) is possible when either the standard treatment for acute DVT, anticoagulation, is 1670: 1527: 1522: 1093: 826:

has been identified as playing a clear causal role. Other related causes include activation of

725: 722: 685: 553: 293: 289: 226: 146: 11644: 10158:

Galanaud JP, Monreal M, Kahn SR (April 2018). "Epidemiology of the post-thrombotic syndrome".

8255:"Diagnosis of deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism: new imaging tools and modalities" 6066:

Kaplan D, Casper TC, Elliott CG, Men S, Pendleton RC, Kraiss LW, et al. (November 2015).

5861:"May Thurner syndrome revealed by left calf venous claudication during running, a case report" 5688:

Wong P, Baglin T (2012). "Epidemiology, risk factors and sequelae of venous thromboembolism".

5423:

Tzoran I, Hoffman R, Monreal M (October 2018). "Hemostasis and thrombosis in the oldest old".

1521:

is the standard diagnostic method, and it is highly sensitive for detecting an initial DVT. A

240:

From 0.8–2.7 per 1000 people per year, but populations in China and Korea are below this range

12426: 12171: 12030: 12022: 11990: 11877: 11564: 10506: 10422:

Januel JM, Chen G, Ruffieux C, Quan H, Douketis JD, Crowther MA, et al. (January 2012).

9798: 9280:

Jones MR, Prabhakar A, Viswanath O, Urits I, Green JB, Kendrick JB, et al. (June 2019).

9182:

Comerota AJ, Kearon C, Gu CS, Julian JA, Goldhaber SZ, Kahn SR, et al. (February 2019).

7968:

Vedantham S, Goldhaber SZ, Kahn SR, Julian J, Magnuson E, Jaff MR, et al. (April 2013).

5043:

Comerota AJ, Kearon C, Gu CS, Julian JA, Goldhaber SZ, Kahn SR, et al. (February 2019).

4835:

Johnson SA, Stevens SM, Woller SC, Lake E, Donadini M, Cheng J, et al. (February 2010).

2391: 2370: 2053: 2025: 1814: 1191: 1121: 1038: 1026: 822:

blood vessel lining—contribute to VTE and were used to explain its formation. More recently,

764: 11474: 11243:

Dasta JF, Pilon D, Mody SH, Lopatto J, Laliberté F, Germain G, et al. (February 2015).

8931:

Wallace A, Albadawi H, Hoang P, Fleck A, Naidu S, Knuttinen G, et al. (December 2017).

8811: 6364:

Henke PK, Kahn SR, Pannucci CJ, Secemksy EA, Evans NS, Khorana AA, et al. (June 2020).

5142:

Ageno W, Farjat A, Haas S, Weitz JI, Goldhaber SZ, Turpie AGG, et al. (February 2021).

4244:"Pacemaker-associated phlegmasia cerulea dolens treated with catheter-directed thrombolysis" 850:

from outside the vascular system entering the blood. Minor injuries, lower limb amputation,

12340: 12335: 11931: 8707:

Witt DM, Nieuwlaat R, Clark NP, Ansell J, Holbrook A, Skov J, et al. (November 2018).

6259: 2377:) are more unusual forms of venous thrombosis and they are considered as separate diseases. 1976: 1750: 1630: 1541: 1334: 1313: 1179: 1061: 1021: 1017: 599: 595: 591: 568: 367: 363: 20: 7561:

Saha P, Humphries J, Modarai B, Mattock K, Waltham M, Evans CE, et al. (March 2011).

6746: 3721:"Acute deep vein thrombosis (DVT): evolving treatment strategies and endovascular therapy" 3306:

Klarin D, Busenkell E, Judy R, Lynch J, Levin M, Haessler J, et al. (November 2019).

2280:

required with warfarin and the injections required by heparin and heparin-like medicines,

1337:

assessment using clinical assessment and gestalt, but prediction rules are more reliable.

1263: 1155:(in the abdomen). Upper extremity DVT most commonly affects the subclavian, axillary, and 307:, which can cause pain, swelling, a sensation of heaviness, itching, and in severe cases, 8: 12484: 12416: 12183: 11593: 7194:"Venous thromboembolism in patients with essential thrombocythemia and polycythemia vera" 6459:

Baglin T (April 2012). "Inherited and acquired risk factors for venous thromboembolism".

6164:

Rokx C, Borjas Howard JF, Smit C, Wit FW, Pieterman ED, Reiss P, et al. (May 2020).

1858: 1842: 1638: 1133: 1042: 997: 977: 776: 533: 375: 9978:

Bates SM, Greer IA, Middeldorp S, Veenstra DL, Prabulos AM, Vandvik PO (February 2012).

9661: 9634: 8616:"Duration of treatment with vitamin K antagonists in symptomatic venous thromboembolism" 8323: 5818:

Winstein CJ, Stein J, Arena R, Bates B, Cherney LR, Cramer SC, et al. (June 2016).

2154:

to forego participation in races. Professional basketball players including NBA players

2130:

around 30 years of age or in those who do significant amounts of overhead manual labor.

1707:), which vary in the size of their chain, and the synthetic pentasaccaride (five-sugar) 311:. Recurrent VTE occurs in about 30% of those in the ten years following an initial VTE. 48: 12330: 12240: 11822: 11666: 11598: 11520: 11495: 11445: 11420: 11396: 11369: 11350: 11220: 11193: 11042: 11017: 10707: 10586: 10488: 10399: 10374: 10347: 10322: 10135: 10056: 10031: 10004: 9979: 9955: 9930: 9903: 9878: 9854: 9829: 9810: 9726: 9610: 9585: 9491: 9466: 9411: 9386: 9362: 9335: 9306: 9281: 9257: 9232: 9208: 9183: 9117: 9092: 9034: 8959: 8932: 8823: 8733: 8708: 8640: 8615: 8552: 8527: 8456: 8429: 8405: 8380: 8279: 8254: 8188: 8135: 8108: 8043: 8018: 7994: 7969: 7921: 7875: 7823: 7798: 7690: 7663: 7636: 7611: 7587: 7562: 7504: 7479: 7455: 7430: 7258: 7169: 7142: 7041: 7024: 7000: 6973: 6954: 6905: 6857: 6794: 6769: 6662: 6635: 6530: 6504:"Management of systemic lupus erythematosus during pregnancy: challenges and solutions" 6503: 6484: 6433: 6406: 6341: 6314: 6290: 6240: 6192: 6165: 6141: 6116: 6092: 6067: 6043: 6016: 5992: 5965: 5941: 5914: 5887: 5860: 5800: 5713: 5662: 5637: 5605: 5540: 5515: 5448: 5262: 5168: 5143: 5071: 5044: 4984: 4944: 4919: 4902: 4877: 4817: 4774: 4732: 4707: 4680: 4653: 4629: 4602: 4532: 4505: 4481: 4456: 4368: 4341: 4317: 4292: 4268: 4243: 4188: 4161: 4137: 4112: 4093: 3965: 3940: 3911: 3886: 3828: 3785: 3720: 3611: 3561: 3332: 3307: 3226: 3201: 3168: 3143: 2969: 2944: 2794: 2769: 2732: 2707: 2671: 2609: 2390:(COCs) have an approximate two to three times higher risk than second-generation COCs. 2119: 1980: 1537: 1531: 1317: 1152: 1140:. Reductions in fibrinolysis or increases in coagulation can increase the risk of DVT. 1089: 914: 906: 859: 815: 807: 736: 623: 603: 545: 513: 473: 319: 285: 79: 73: 11122: 9704: 9402: 9199: 9066: 9022: 7726: 7344:

Zöller B, Svensson PJ, Dahlbäck B, Lind-Hallden C, Hallden C, Elf J (September 2020).

7246: 5966:"Bilateral upper extremity DVT in a 43-year-old man: is it thoracic outlet syndrome?!" 5061: 4706:

Khan F, Rahman A, Carrier M, Kearon C, Weitz JI, Schulman S, et al. (July 2019).

4601:

Mukhopadhyay S, Johnson TA, Duru N, Buzza MS, Pawar NR, Sarkar R, et al. (2019).

3863: 3200:

Ortel TL, Neumann I, Ageno W, Beyth R, Clark NP, Cuker A, et al. (October 2020).

2040:, which is the preferred mechanical prophylaxis over graduated compression stockings. 2033: 1136:

and the clearing of clots that are no longer needed is accomplished by the process of

12121: 12070: 11970: 11615: 11525: 11480: 11450: 11401: 11342: 11307: 11266: 11225: 11137: 11091: 11086: 11069: 11047: 10993: 10952: 10904: 10748: 10711: 10699: 10578: 10480: 10445: 10404: 10390: 10352: 10298: 10257: 10216: 10175: 10140: 10061: 10009: 9960: 9946: 9908: 9859: 9802: 9767: 9718: 9666: 9615: 9563: 9496: 9416: 9367: 9311: 9262: 9213: 9122: 9070: 9026: 8964: 8913: 8882: 8846: 8815: 8779: 8774: 8757: 8756:

Keeling D, Baglin T, Tait C, Watson H, Perry D, Baglin C, et al. (August 2011).

8738: 8724: 8689: 8684: 8667: 8645: 8584: 8557: 8505: 8461: 8410: 8361: 8284: 8232: 8180: 8140: 8084: 8048: 7999: 7913: 7867: 7847: 7828: 7776: 7730: 7695: 7641: 7592: 7509: 7460: 7408: 7403: 7386: 7367: 7326: 7285: 7250: 7215: 7174: 7123: 7087: 7046: 7005: 6946: 6897: 6893: 6849: 6799: 6750: 6708: 6667: 6611: 6607: 6576: 6535: 6476: 6438: 6387: 6346: 6282: 6244: 6232: 6197: 6146: 6097: 6048: 5997: 5946: 5892: 5841: 5804: 5792: 5757: 5752: 5735: 5705: 5667: 5653: 5597: 5545: 5496: 5440: 5405: 5400: 5383: 5355: 5314: 5266: 5254: 5173: 5124: 5076: 5025: 4976: 4907: 4858: 4809: 4778: 4737: 4685: 4634: 4578: 4537: 4486: 4424: 4373: 4322: 4273: 4193: 4142: 4085: 4050: 4004: 3970: 3916: 3867: 3820: 3777: 3735: 3701: 3696: 3679: 3657: 3603: 3553: 3471: 3427: 3383: 3337: 3275: 3231: 3217: 3173: 3111: 3055: 3015: 2974: 2960: 2889: 2799: 2737: 2663: 2613: 2601: 1951: 1580: 1366: 1097: 1049: 780: 772: 501: 465:), dilation of surface veins, warmth, discoloration, a "pulling sensation", and even 254: 134: 126: 61: 10590: 10574: 10492: 10030:

Kahn SR, Lim W, Dunn AS, Cushman M, Dentali F, Akl EA, et al. (February 2012).

9814: 9730: 9248: 9038: 8827: 8192: 7925: 7879: 7321: 7304: 7262: 6861: 6294: 5717: 5609: 5452: 4988: 4821: 4220: 3847: 3832: 3615: 3565: 2185:

Other notable people have been affected by DVT. Former United States (US) President

12126: 11775: 11678: 11655: 11515: 11507: 11440: 11432: 11391: 11381: 11354: 11334: 11297: 11261: 11256: 11244: 11215: 11205: 11081: 11037: 11029: 10983: 10942: 10738: 10691: 10570: 10472: 10435: 10394: 10386: 10342: 10338: 10334: 10288: 10247: 10206: 10171: 10167: 10130: 10126: 10122: 10051: 10043: 9999: 9991: 9950: 9942: 9898: 9890: 9849: 9841: 9794: 9757: 9708: 9700: 9656: 9651: 9646: 9605: 9597: 9553: 9486: 9478: 9406: 9398: 9357: 9347: 9301: 9293: 9252: 9244: 9203: 9195: 9112: 9104: 9062: 9018: 8954: 8944: 8874: 8807: 8769: 8728: 8720: 8679: 8635: 8631: 8627: 8547: 8539: 8497: 8451: 8441: 8400: 8396: 8392: 8351: 8318: 8274: 8266: 8222: 8172: 8130: 8120: 8038: 8030: 7989: 7981: 7905: 7859: 7818: 7810: 7766: 7722: 7685: 7675: 7631: 7623: 7582: 7574: 7499: 7491: 7450: 7442: 7398: 7357: 7316: 7242: 7205: 7164: 7154: 7119: 7115: 7077: 7036: 6995: 6985: 6974:"Fibrinogen gamma gene rs2066865 and risk of cancer-related venous thromboembolism" 6958: 6938: 6909: 6889: 6839: 6789: 6781: 6742: 6698: 6657: 6647: 6603: 6566: 6525: 6515: 6488: 6468: 6428: 6418: 6377: 6336: 6326: 6274: 6224: 6187: 6177: 6136: 6128: 6087: 6079: 6038: 6028: 5987: 5977: 5936: 5926: 5882: 5872: 5831: 5788: 5784: 5747: 5697: 5657: 5649: 5589: 5535: 5527: 5486: 5432: 5395: 5345: 5304: 5244: 5163: 5155: 5114: 5066: 5056: 5015: 4968: 4939: 4931: 4897: 4889: 4848: 4801: 4766: 4727: 4719: 4675: 4665: 4624: 4614: 4568: 4527: 4517: 4476: 4468: 4414: 4404: 4363: 4353: 4312: 4304: 4263: 4255: 4183: 4173: 4132: 4124: 4077: 4040: 3960: 3952: 3906: 3898: 3859: 3812: 3789: 3769: 3691: 3647: 3595: 3543: 3535: 3461: 3417: 3373: 3327: 3319: 3265: 3221: 3213: 3163: 3155: 3101: 3005: 2964: 2956: 2879: 2789: 2781: 2727: 2719: 2675: 2653: 2593: 2500: 2315: 2239: 2170: 1947: 1774: 1770: 1762: 1758: 1365:

Calf swelling ≥ 3 cm compared to asymptomatic calf (measured 10 cm below

1219: 732: 529: 489: 277: 11421:"Venous thrombosis and post-thrombotic syndrome: from novel biomarkers to biology" 10695: 7362: 7345: 3378: 3361: 3270: 3253: 2138: 1837:. This treatment involves initial anticoagulation followed by thrombolysis of the 1607:

Vascular anatomy for deep venous thrombosis (DVT) point of care ultrasound (POCUS)

798: 12318: 12313: 12225: 11948: 11903: 11783: 11609: 11302: 11285: 10236:"2014 ESC guidelines on the diagnosis and management of acute pulmonary embolism" 10111:"Compression stockings for preventing deep vein thrombosis in airline passengers" 9482: 8878: 8356: 8339: 7771: 7754: 7082: 7065: 6990: 6703: 6686: 6382: 6365: 6182: 5836: 5819: 5593: 5350: 5333: 4972: 4097: 2190: 2166: 2159: 2142: 1894: 1838: 1754: 1722: 1321: 1293: 1170: 1041:

variant rs2066865 have about a 1.6 times higher risk of VTE. The genetic variant

989: 945:

treatment also increases risk. Obesity increases the potential of blood to clot,

863: 843: 669: 402: 371: 268:

The most common life-threatening concern with DVT is the potential for a clot to

155: 11018:"Virchow's contribution to the understanding of thrombosis and cellular biology" 9336:"A case of Paget-Schroetter syndrome (PSS) in a young judo tutor: a case report" 8842: 8576: 8501: 7277: 6555:"The antiphospholipid syndrome – often overlooked cause of vascular occlusions?" 6132: 6068:"VTE incidence and risk factors in patients with severe sepsis and septic shock" 6017:"Understanding infection-induced thrombosis: lessons learned from animal models" 6014: 5913:

Hangge P, Rotellini-Coltvet L, Deipolyi AR, Albadawi H, Oklu R (December 2017).

2640: 12367: 12217: 12080: 12040: 11975: 11936: 11847: 11210: 10743: 10726: 10252: 10235: 9762: 9745: 8901: 8072: 7814: 7578: 7446: 6652: 6228: 5309: 5292: 5144:"Provoked versus unprovoked venous thromboembolism: Findings from GARFIELD-VTE" 5020: 5003: 4573: 4556: 4259: 4178: 4045: 4028: 3652: 3635: 3406:"Incidence of venous thromboembolism in Asian populations: a systematic review" 3010: 2993: 2884: 2867: 2770:"Environmental and genetic risk factors associated with venous thromboembolism" 2338:

are potential therapies that might treat VTE without increasing bleeding risk.

2252: 2086: 1766: 1540:, MRI venography, or a non-contrast MRI are also diagnostic possibilities. The 1211: 1182:(not pictured). The cephalic and basilic veins, however, are superficial veins. 1144: 1076:

levels are associated with increased risk. Other associated conditions include

1057: 934: 701: 607: 179: 11620: 11583: 11579: 10682:

Andrews BL, Friedman Ross L (February 2021). "Black Women and Babies Matter".

9352: 9297: 8428:

Fleck D, Albadawi H, Wallace A, Knuttinen G, Naidu S, Oklu R (December 2017).

8270: 7985: 7159: 7025:"Homocystinuria: a rare disorder presenting as cerebral sinovenous thrombosis" 5877: 5701: 4759:"Significant risk of another thrombosis remains if anticoagulation is stopped" 3902: 3599: 3323: 3159: 2723: 1657:(a factor Xa inhibitor). Other anticoagulants cannot be taken by mouth. These 1186:

In arterial thrombosis, blood vessel wall damage is required, as it initiates

12468: 12235: 11898: 11494:

Guyatt GH, Akl EA, Crowther M, Gutterman DD, Schuünemann HJ (February 2012).

7909: 6826: 6258:

Borjas-Howard JF, Leeuw K, Rutgers A, Meijer K, Tichelaar VYIG (March 2019).

6033: 5119: 5102: 4805: 4619: 4358: 4081: 3816: 3106: 3089: 2318:

associated with VTE. In their updated 2018 clinical practice guidelines, the

2218: 2206: 2186: 2151: 1984: 1890: 1782: 1275: 1203:

to release tissue factor. Monocytes are also recruited early in the process.

1109: 847: 831: 827: 811: 315: 12062: 9601: 9558: 9541: 9093:"Pharmacomechanical catheter-directed thrombolysis for deep-vein thrombosis" 8949: 8845:(Report). Ottawa, ON: Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health. 8446: 8125: 7627: 7143:"Increased risk of deep vein thrombosis in end-stage renal disease patients" 6768:

Mantha S, Karp R, Raghavan V, Terrin N, Bauer KA, Zwicker JI (August 2012).

6331: 5931: 4670: 4308: 4160:

Aggarwal DG, Bhojraj SS, Behrainwalla AA, Jani CK, Mehta SS (January 2018).

4128: 2910: 2439:/mL fibrinogen equivalent units (FEU). A normal level is below these values. 1906: 1625:

Some anticoagulants can be taken by mouth, and these oral medicines include

1278:, which presumably begin clotting after binding to the endothelial surface. 12376: 12288: 12103: 11793: 11736: 11529: 11454: 11436: 11405: 11346: 11311: 11270: 11229: 11095: 11051: 10997: 10956: 10752: 10703: 10582: 10484: 10449: 10440: 10423: 10408: 10356: 10302: 10261: 10220: 10179: 10144: 10065: 10013: 9964: 9912: 9863: 9806: 9771: 9722: 9670: 9619: 9567: 9500: 9420: 9371: 9315: 9266: 9217: 9126: 9074: 9030: 8968: 8917: 8886: 8850: 8819: 8783: 8742: 8693: 8649: 8588: 8561: 8509: 8465: 8414: 8365: 8304:"Subsartorial vessels as replacement names for superficial femoral vessels" 8288: 8236: 8184: 8144: 8088: 8052: 8003: 7917: 7871: 7863: 7832: 7780: 7734: 7699: 7645: 7596: 7513: 7464: 7412: 7371: 7330: 7289: 7254: 7219: 7178: 7127: 7091: 7050: 7022: 7009: 6950: 6942: 6901: 6853: 6844: 6803: 6754: 6712: 6671: 6615: 6580: 6539: 6480: 6472: 6442: 6391: 6350: 6286: 6278: 6236: 6201: 6150: 6101: 6052: 6001: 5950: 5896: 5845: 5796: 5761: 5709: 5671: 5601: 5549: 5500: 5444: 5436: 5409: 5359: 5318: 5258: 5177: 5128: 5080: 5029: 4980: 4911: 4862: 4813: 4741: 4689: 4638: 4582: 4541: 4490: 4428: 4409: 4392: 4377: 4326: 4277: 4197: 4146: 4089: 4054: 4008: 3974: 3956: 3920: 3871: 3824: 3781: 3739: 3705: 3661: 3607: 3557: 3475: 3431: 3387: 3341: 3279: 3235: 3177: 3115: 3059: 3019: 2978: 2893: 2803: 2785: 2741: 2667: 2605: 1988: 1931: 1801: 1708: 1666: 1576: 1175: 1164: 1156: 1148: 1137: 1033:

than those with O blood type, increasing the likelihood of clotting. Those

1009: 962: 942: 902: 851: 823: 587: 521: 326:, and inflammation. Risk factors include recent surgery, older age, active 222: 11338: 11141: 10321:

Grosse SD, Nelson RE, Nyarko KA, Richardson LC, Raskob GE (January 2016).

10047: 9995: 9894: 9845: 9184:"Endovascular thrombus removal for acute iliofemoral deep vein thrombosis" 9169: 9108: 8543: 8430:"Below-knee deep vein thrombosis (DVT): diagnostic and treatment patterns" 7387:"Isolated distal deep vein thrombosis: what we know and what we are doing" 6083: 5982: 5045:"Endovascular Thrombus Removal for Acute Iliofemoral Deep Vein Thrombosis" 4770: 4522: 4472: 3941:"Epidemiology, pathophysiology, and natural history of pulmonary embolism" 3586:

Ratchford EV, Evans NS (March 2017). "Approach to lower extremity edema".

2658: 314:

The mechanism behind DVT formation typically involves some combination of

12441: 11837: 11639: 11511: 11033: 10947: 10930: 10476: 8995: 7680: 7210: 7193: 6520: 5531: 4853: 4836: 4506:"Painful swollen leg – think beyond deep vein thrombosis or Baker's cyst" 3939:

Turetz M, Sideris AT, Friedman OA, Triphathi N, Horowitz JM (June 2018).

3422: 3405: 2229: 2214: 2198: 2095: 2068: 1972: 1634: 1207: 1187: 1030: 973: 957:

tearing releases substances that favor clotting. Oral contraceptives and

819: 563:. It is life-threatening, limb-threatening, and carries a risk of venous 524:), travels through the right side of the heart, and becomes lodged as an 406: 323: 100: 11547: 11386: 10109:

Clarke MJ, Broderick C, Hopewell S, Juszczak E, Eisinga A (April 2021).

7495: 5915:"Paget-Schroetter syndrome: treatment of venous thrombosis and outcomes" 5513: 4935: 4893: 4419: 3548: 1380:

Swollen unilateral superficial veins (non-varicose, in symptomatic leg)

941:. In severe cases, this can lead to simultaneous clotting and bleeding. 12357: 12347: 12308: 12252: 12245: 12075: 11661: 10293: 10276: 9142:"Clot-busting drugs not recommended for most patients with blood clots" 8109:"Deep vein thrombosis: pathogenesis, diagnosis, and medical management" 7797:

Thålin C, Hisada Y, Lundström S, Mackman N, Wallén H (September 2019).

6571: 6554: 5912: 5159: 3760:

Stubbs MJ, Mouyis M, Thomas M (February 2018). "Deep vein thrombosis".

3539: 2597: 2331: 2327: 2267: 2155: 1943: 1939: 1889:

After treatment with catheter-directed thrombolysis, blood flow in the

1658: 1646: 1545: 1271: 1129: 1065: 1034: 950: 677: 661: 572: 541: 537: 355: 351: 258: 209: 163: 151: 11172:"The drugs that companies promote to doctors are rarely breakthroughs" 10988: 10971: 10211: 10194: 8379:

Cundiff DK, Manyemba J, Pezzullo JC (January 2006). Cundiff DK (ed.).

8227: 8210: 8034: 6785: 6423: 5514:

Previtali E, Bucciarelli P, Passamonti SM, Martinelli I (April 2011).

5491: 5474: 5249: 5232: 4723: 4557:"Clinical presentation of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism" 4162:"Phlegmasia cerulea dolens following heparin-induced thrombocytopenia" 3466: 3449: 3252:

Borgel D, Bianchini E, Lasne D, Pascreau T, Saller F (December 2019).

2469:

Evidence for anticoagulation comes from studies other than definitive

2056:. Preventive measures for pregnancy-related VTE were suggested by the 2044:

surgeries, early and frequent walking is the best preventive measure.

1995:

to prevent one initial VTE is about 2000, limiting its applicability.

1845:

to relieve the thoracic outlet compression and prevent recurrent DVT.

1685: 968: 12111: 11852: 11788: 11744: 11727: 11722: 11650: 11123:"Diagnostic test comparisons in patients with deep venous thrombosis" 10081:"New DVT guidelines: No evidence to support "economy-class syndrome"" 8176: 5858: 5475:"Management of venous thromboembolism – controversies and the future" 3773: 3678:

Lloyd NS, Douketis JD, Moinuddin I, Lim W, Crowther MA (March 2008).

3450:"Management of venous thromboembolism – controversies and the future" 2323: 2244: 2174: 2099: 1247: 1238: 1224: 1200: 1128:

Blood has a natural tendency to clot when blood vessels are damaged (

1073: 1069: 1005: 1001: 867: 855: 549: 517: 347: 262: 178:

Frequent walking, calf exercises, maintaining a healthy body weight,

10233: 9230: 5004:"Therapeutic anticoagulation for isolated calf deep vein thrombosis" 12325: 11927: 11864: 11798: 11749: 11419:

Metz AK, Diaz JA, Obi AT, Wakefield TW, Myers DD, Henke PK (2018).

8758:"Guidelines on oral anticoagulation with warfarin – fourth edition" 6827:"Factor V Leiden: how great is the risk of venous thromboembolism?" 3719:

Conklin P, Soares GM, Dubel GJ, Ahn SH, Murphy TP (December 2009).

3142:

Heil J, Miesbach W, Vogl T, Bechstein WO, Reinisch A (April 2017).

2474: 2012: 1898: 1654: 1642: 1626: 1619: 993: 954: 898: 894: 866:, paralysis, sitting, long-haul travel, bed rest, hospitalization, 835: 748: 689: 673: 564: 485: 466: 414: 410: 269: 230: 159: 11016:

Kumar DR, Hanlin E, Glurich I, Mazza JJ, Yale SH (December 2010).

10537:"Serena Williams on motherhood, marriage, and making her comeback" 9928: 8073:"Diagnosing DVT in nonpregnant adults in the primary care setting" 7848:"Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Arterial and Venous Thrombosis" 7343: 7023:

Eslamiyeh H, Ashrafzadeh F, Akhondian J, Beiraghi Toosi M (2015).

874:. Conditions that involve compromised blood flow in the veins are 735:

when the clots are developing or have recently developed, whereas

10606:"Expert: Chris Bosh, like many, at risk of blood clot recurrence" 10192: 9334:

Ijaopo R, Oguntolu V, DCosta D, Garnham A, Hobbs S (March 2016).

7713:

López JA, Chen J (2009). "Pathophysiology of venous thrombosis".

7664:"Resolution of deep venous thrombosis: proposed immune paradigms" 4390: 4026: 2210: 1436: 1289: 1281: 525: 492:. It can co-occur with DVT and can be felt as a "palpable cord". 426: 418: 390: 378:. In total, dozens of genetic risk factors have been identified. 331: 273: 191: 110: 11286:"Economic burden of venous thromboembolism: a systematic review" 10768:"Hillary Clinton has not been quick to share health information" 9827: 6633: 2991: 1575:

showing absence of flow and hyperechogenic content in a clotted

767:

compared to proximal DVT. Calf DVT makes up about half of DVTs.

11718: 11574: 11559: 10972:"The history and historical treatments of deep vein thrombosis" 10108: 9746:"Statin treatment and the risk of recurrent pulmonary embolism" 8902:"Anticoagulation: updated guidelines for outpatient management" 7896:

Myers DD (March 2015). "Pathophysiology of venous thrombosis".

6257: 6114: 4159: 4067: 2436: 1979:

are thought to reduce risk. Statins have been investigated for

1738: 1694: 1215: 890: 871: 779:; elsewhere, it has been defined as involving at a minimum the 756: 583: 327: 308: 106: 10560: 9743: 9464: 8933:"Statins as a preventative therapy for venous thromboembolism" 8016: 7104: 6823: 3938: 2521:

Estimated in United States dollars, estimate published in 2019

441: 10372: 10274: 8863: 8796: 8427: 7309:

Hematology. American Society of Hematology. Education Program

6824:

Shaheen K, Alraies MC, Alraiyes AH, Christie R (April 2012).

5963: 5774: 5579: 5381: 5293:"Mechanistic view of risk factors for venous thromboembolism" 5233:"Cytokine and chemokine regulation of venous thromboembolism" 4920:"Correction: Diagnosis and treatment of deep-vein thrombosis" 4603:"Fibrinolysis and inflammation in venous thrombus resolution" 3254:"Inflammation in deep vein thrombosis: a therapeutic target?" 2942: 2583: 2478: 2432: 1354:

Active cancer (treatment within last 6 months or palliative)

458: 451: 10320: 9977: 9279: 9090: 7967: 7796: 7480:"Anatomic distribution of deep vein thrombosis in pregnancy" 5859:

Béliard S, Feuvrier D, Ducroux E, Salomon du Mont L (2018).

5635: 5001: 4654:"Advanced imaging in acute and chronic deep vein thrombosis" 4651: 4600: 4454: 3251: 3087: 1579:(labeled subsartorial) distal to the branching point of the 660:

In most suspected cases, DVT is ruled out after evaluation.

276:

through the right side of the heart, and become lodged in a

12094: 11367: 10931:"In search of venous thromboembolism: the first 2913 years" 9333: 8574: 8162: 7560: 6404: 3404:

Lee LH, Gallus A, Jindal R, Wang C, Wu CC (December 2017).

2865: 2353:

Venous thrombosis associated with drainage from the brain (

2298: 1823: 1790: 281: 11493: 9876: 9784: 9635:"Statins for primary prevention of venous thromboembolism" 9465:

Kitchen L, Lawrence M, Speicher M, Frumkin K (July 2016).

8601: 8211:"Controversies in the diagnosis of venous thromboembolism" 8106: 3493: 2994:"Thrombosis: a major contributor to global disease burden" 2767: 712: 10083:. American College of Chest Physicians. 7 February 2012. 8930: 8525: 8337: 6593: 6363: 5290: 3848:"Physical examination findings in deep venous thrombosis" 3677: 3141: 8706: 8665: 7275: 6927: 6767: 6163: 5382:

Lijfering WM, Rosendaal FR, Cannegieter SC (June 2010).

4834: 3305: 2189:

had recurrent DVT, and so has former Secretary of State

1703:

Structural representations of the backbone of heparins (

1235:, which inhibits the breakdown of clots (fibrinolysis). 905:, increase risk. Chronic inflammatory diseases and some 834:

in the blood, the concentration of oxygen, and possible

11194:"Direct oral anticoagulants and venous thromboembolism" 11165: 11163: 11015: 10658:"Serena Williams Hospitalized After Pulmonary Embolism" 8755: 8487: 8378: 8311:

International Journal of Anatomy, Radiology and Surgery

7845: 6971: 6214: 5817: 4705: 3884: 3524: 3088:

Abbattista M, Capecchi M, Martinelli I (January 2020).

2768:

Crous-Bou M, Harrington LB, Kabrhel C (November 2016).

1132:) to minimize blood loss. Clotting is activated by the 878:, where a vein of the pelvis is compressed, and venous 622:

A CT image with red arrows indicating PE (grey) in the

405:

is the standard treatment. Typical medications include

381:

People suspected of having DVT can be assessed using a

10969: 10823:"11 Celebrities Who Battled Deep Vein Thrombosis Risk" 10421: 10281:

Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health

9181: 9007: 7233:

Kyrle PA, Eichinger S (2005). "Deep vein thrombosis".

6065: 5042: 4503: 3885:

Campello E, Ilich A, Simioni P, Key NS (August 2019).

3199: 1274:, prompting monocytes to release tissue factor-filled 886:, where compression occurs near the base of the neck. 11242: 10632:"Chris Bosh officially out as Heat make playoff push" 9384: 8613: 6636:"Cancer-associated thrombosis: the when, how and why" 5230: 4339: 3718: 2460:

is a proposed name for a section of the femoral vein.

1873:

A venogram before catheter-directed thrombolysis for

1439:, or recent cast immobilization of lower extremities 12480:

Diseases of veins, lymphatic vessels and lymph nodes

11708: 11537: 11418: 11368:

Fernandez MM, Hogue S, Preblick R, Kwong WJ (2015).

11160: 10848:"Coroner: Rapper Heavy D died of blood clot in lung" 10681: 9385:

Turner TE, Saeed MJ, Novak E, Brown DL (July 2018).

7846:

Laridan E, Martinod K, De Meyer SF (February 2019).

6687:"How I treat disseminated intravascular coagulation" 6315:"The role of inflammation in venous thromboembolism" 5964:

Jabri H, Mukherjee S, Sanghavi D, Chalise S (2014).

5422: 5291:

Reitsma PH, Versteeg HH, Middeldorp S (March 2012).

5141: 3588:

Current Treatment Options in Cardiovascular Medicine

3362:"Global burden of thrombosis: epidemiologic aspects" 2641:"Update on the management of venous thromboembolism" 2477:

and safety for anticoagulation vs. placebo or using

2126:, and it is present in about 70% of those with VTE. 11148: 11102: 10462: 10277:"Sedentary work and risk of venous thromboembolism" 10157: 9683: 9168:National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. 9051: 8994:National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. 8899: 8666:de Jong PG, Coppens M, Middeldorp S (August 2012). 8253:Rahaghi FN, Minhas JK, Heresi GA (September 2018). 8252: 7477: 7431:"Fibrinolysis and the control of blood coagulation" 6732: 6501: 6312: 5729: 5727: 5148:

Research and Practice in Thrombosis and Haemostasis

4958: 4504:Arumilli BR, Lenin Babu V, Paul AS (January 2008). 3403: 2499:An INR is determined from the ratio of a patient's 1998: 1930:Patients with a history of DVT might be managed by 638:

A case of phlegmasia cerulea dolens in the left leg

16:

Formation of a blood clot (thrombus) in a deep vein

11283: 11070:"Virchow and his triad: a question of attribution" 10029: 7803:Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology 7661: 7567:Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology 7063: 6825: 6552: 6461:Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 5297:Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology 4791: 3802: 3759: 3640:Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology 3636:"A clinical perspective of venous thromboembolism" 2998:Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology 2639: 1519:ultrasonography for suspected deep vein thrombosis 1424:Localized tenderness along the deep venous system 457:Additional signs and symptoms include tenderness, 11191: 10970:Galanaud JP, Laroche JP, Righini M (March 2013). 8614:Middeldorp S, Prins MH, Hutten BA (August 2014). 8204: 8202: 7384: 7346:"Genetic risk factors for venous thromboembolism" 7064:Ortel TL, Erkan D, Kitchens CS (September 2015). 6308: 6306: 6304: 5865:BMC Sports Science, Medicine & Rehabilitation 5516:"Risk factors for venous and arterial thrombosis" 4878:"Diagnosis and treatment of deep-vein thrombosis" 4561:Best Practice & Research Clinical Haematology 4290: 4248:Clinical Practice and Cases in Emergency Medicine 2098:, a sensation of heaviness, and in severe cases, 12466: 11120: 10724: 9684:Kunutsor SK, Seidu S, Khunti K (February 2017). 9633:Li L, Zhang P, Tian JH, Yang K (December 2014). 9237:Circulation: Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes 8840: 6629: 6627: 6625: 5733: 5724: 3489: 3487: 3485: 3355: 3353: 3351: 3090:"Treatment of unusual thrombotic manifestations" 2705: 2221:had DVT that progressed to a PE when he was 89. 2020:, a procedure that can precipitate DVT formation 1262:, which can activate these pathways, as well as 602:is thought to allow clots to travel through the 10025: 10023: 9632: 9539: 8900:Wigle P, Hein B, Bernheisel CR (October 2019). 8575:Shikdar S, Vashisht R, Bhattacharya PT (2021). 8066: 8064: 8062: 7748: 7746: 7744: 7657: 7655: 7609: 7478:Chan WS, Spencer FA, Ginsberg JS (April 2010). 7276:McLendon K, Goyal A, Bansal P, Attia M (2020). 7066:"How I treat catastrophic thrombotic syndromes" 5103:"Long-term treatment of venous thromboembolism" 4828: 4701: 4699: 3845: 3581: 3579: 3577: 3575: 3359: 11370:"Review of the cost of venous thromboembolism" 11361: 9579: 9577: 8199: 7961: 7792: 7790: 7662:Nicklas JM, Gordon AE, Henke PK (March 2020). 7424: 7422: 7232: 6508:Open Access Rheumatology: Research and Reviews 6301: 5472: 5231:Najem MY, Couturaud F, Lemarié CA (May 2020). 5193:"Clot Chronicles: unprovoked vs. provoked VTE" 4917: 4875: 4219:. American College of Surgeons. Archived from 3986: 3984: 3585: 3447: 3443: 3441: 2706:Heit JA, Spencer FA, White RH (January 2016). 2394:use is not associated with increased VTE risk. 1472:Positive D-dimer (≥ 0.5 mcg/mL or 1.7 nmol/L) 1391:Unilateral pitting edema (in symptomatic leg) 1258:. Hypoxemia also results in the production of 82:, redness, enlarged veins in the affected limb 56:DVT in the right leg with swelling and redness 11694: 11169: 11121:Line BR, Peters TL, Keenan J (January 1997). 11063: 11061: 11011: 11009: 11007: 10924: 10922: 10920: 10073: 9583: 8208: 7891: 7889: 7839: 7471: 7269: 7016: 6879: 6819: 6817: 6815: 6813: 6622: 6008: 5683: 5681: 5575: 5573: 5571: 5569: 5567: 5565: 5563: 5561: 5559: 5507: 3482: 3348: 3247: 3245: 3144:"Deep vein thrombosis of the upper extremity" 2938: 2936: 2934: 2932: 2579: 2577: 2575: 1975:reduce DVT risk. Avoiding both smoking and a 1266:, which regulates hypoxia-inducible factor-1 721:DVT and PE are the two manifestations of the 398:to 20% of what is seen in Western countries. 10816: 10814: 10793:"Cheney diagnosed with deep-vein thrombosis" 10675: 10456: 10368: 10366: 10020: 9924: 9922: 9821: 9533: 9175: 9164: 9162: 8990: 8988: 8986: 8984: 8982: 8980: 8978: 8924: 8834: 8059: 7741: 7652: 7428: 6587: 5852: 5468: 5466: 5464: 5462: 5416: 5377: 5375: 5373: 5371: 5369: 5286: 5284: 5282: 5280: 5278: 5276: 5226: 5224: 5222: 5220: 5218: 4696: 4450: 4448: 4446: 4444: 4442: 4440: 4438: 3934: 3932: 3930: 3673: 3671: 3572: 3137: 3135: 3133: 3131: 3129: 3127: 3125: 2708:"The epidemiology of venous thromboembolism" 2573: 2571: 2569: 2567: 2565: 2563: 2561: 2559: 2557: 2555: 2435:/mL D-dimer units (DDU) or greater than 0.5 1781:." It is not recommended practice to obtain 1744: 342:of VTE, trauma, injuries, lack of movement, 121:of VTE, injuries, trauma, lack of movement, 11412: 11192:Franchini M, Mannucci PM (September 2016). 11187: 11185: 10186: 10115:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 9639:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 9574: 9515:"Inferior Vena Cava (IVC) Filter Placement" 9329: 9327: 9325: 9086: 9084: 8661: 8659: 8620:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 8521: 8519: 8385:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 8248: 8246: 7945:. Mayo Medical Laboratories. Archived from 7787: 7752: 7668:International Journal of Molecular Sciences 7419: 7337: 7296: 7226: 4645: 4596: 4594: 4592: 4284: 4241: 3981: 3852:Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America 3846:Kennedy D, Setnik G, Li J (November 2001). 3839: 3629: 3627: 3625: 3520: 3518: 3516: 3514: 3512: 3510: 3508: 3506: 3504: 3502: 3438: 3301: 3299: 3297: 3295: 3293: 3291: 3289: 2861: 2859: 2857: 2855: 2853: 2851: 2849: 2847: 2845: 2843: 2841: 2839: 2837: 2835: 2833: 2637: 12274:Chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency 11701: 11687: 11236: 11058: 11004: 10917: 10530: 10528: 10268: 8421: 8301: 8158: 8156: 8154: 7886: 7526: 7302: 7191: 6923: 6921: 6919: 6810: 6684: 6546: 6251: 6108: 6059: 5687: 5678: 5631: 5629: 5627: 5625: 5623: 5621: 5619: 5556: 5100: 4765:(Plain English summary). 31 October 2019. 4554: 4291:Abdul W, Hickey B, Wilson C (April 2016). 4110: 4022: 4020: 4018: 3878: 3753: 3399: 3397: 3242: 3195: 3193: 3191: 3189: 3187: 3083: 3081: 3037: 3035: 3033: 3031: 3029: 2929: 2915:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2831: 2829: 2827: 2825: 2823: 2821: 2819: 2817: 2815: 2813: 2251:In 1856, German physician and pathologist 507: 47: 19:"DVT" redirects here. For other uses, see 11519: 11444: 11395: 11385: 11301: 11260: 11219: 11209: 11085: 11067: 11041: 10987: 10963: 10946: 10820: 10811: 10742: 10725:Pascarella L, Pappas TN (February 2013). 10439: 10398: 10363: 10346: 10316: 10314: 10312: 10292: 10251: 10210: 10134: 10055: 10003: 9954: 9919: 9902: 9853: 9778: 9761: 9714:1983/5a398e70-6c7c-40bd-a8d4-53c24d84f1a2 9712: 9660: 9650: 9609: 9590:Journal of the American Heart Association 9557: 9490: 9471:The Western Journal of Emergency Medicine 9410: 9361: 9351: 9305: 9256: 9207: 9159: 9116: 8975: 8958: 8948: 8790: 8773: 8732: 8700: 8683: 8639: 8551: 8455: 8445: 8404: 8355: 8322: 8278: 8226: 8134: 8124: 8042: 8010: 7993: 7822: 7770: 7712: 7689: 7679: 7635: 7586: 7503: 7454: 7402: 7378: 7361: 7320: 7209: 7168: 7158: 7081: 7057: 7040: 6999: 6989: 6843: 6793: 6728: 6726: 6724: 6722: 6702: 6661: 6651: 6570: 6553:Svenungsson E, Antovic A (January 2020). 6529: 6519: 6454: 6452: 6432: 6422: 6381: 6357: 6340: 6330: 6191: 6181: 6140: 6091: 6042: 6032: 5991: 5981: 5940: 5930: 5908: 5906: 5886: 5876: 5835: 5751: 5661: 5539: 5490: 5459: 5399: 5366: 5349: 5308: 5273: 5248: 5215: 5167: 5135: 5118: 5096: 5094: 5092: 5090: 5070: 5060: 5019: 4995: 4943: 4901: 4869: 4852: 4731: 4679: 4669: 4628: 4618: 4572: 4548: 4531: 4521: 4480: 4435: 4418: 4408: 4384: 4367: 4357: 4340:Zietz A, Sutter R, De Marchis GM (2020). 4316: 4267: 4235: 4187: 4177: 4136: 4044: 3964: 3927: 3910: 3796: 3695: 3668: 3651: 3547: 3465: 3421: 3377: 3331: 3269: 3225: 3167: 3122: 3105: 3041: 3009: 2985: 2968: 2883: 2793: 2731: 2701: 2699: 2697: 2695: 2693: 2691: 2689: 2687: 2685: 2657: 2552: 1461:Alternative diagnosis at least as likely 988:of VTE is a risk factor for a first VTE. 763:when affecting the calf, and has limited 751:). DVT in a leg below the knee is termed 655: 11425:Methodist DeBakey Cardiovascular Journal 11277: 11182: 10554: 10227: 10102: 9799:10.7326/0003-4819-156-10-201205150-00423 9626: 9322: 9273: 9146:Washington University School of Medicine 9139: 9081: 9045: 8893: 8749: 8656: 8516: 8483: 8481: 8479: 8477: 8475: 8372: 8331: 8243: 8102: 8100: 8098: 7937: 7935: 7556: 7554: 7385:Palareti G, Schellong S (January 2012). 6875: 6873: 6871: 6157: 5331: 5325: 5036: 4952: 4589: 4166:Indian Journal of Critical Care Medicine 4153: 3622: 3499: 3286: 2633: 2631: 2629: 2627: 2625: 2623: 2266: 2228: 2137: 2067: 2011: 1905: 1544:for judging imaging methods is contrast 1237: 1169: 1120: 967: 797: 711: 440: 11318: 11170:Ornstein C, Jones RG (7 January 2015). 10928: 10903:. New York: Random House. p. 409. 10765: 10534: 10525: 10415: 10151: 9540:Partsch H, Blättler W (November 2000). 9001: 8841:Chatsis V, Visintini S (January 2017). 8812:10.7326/0003-4819-153-8-201010190-00009 8151: 8070: 7610:Ro A, Kageyama N, Mukai T (June 2017). 7603: 6916: 6596:Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology 5616: 4918:Scarvelis D, Wells PS (November 2007). 4785: 4104: 4015: 3990: 3712: 3394: 3184: 3078: 3026: 2810: 783:, which is near the top of the pelvis. 12467: 11374:ClinicoEconomics and Outcomes Research 11324: 10718: 10655: 10629: 10309: 9971: 9584:Folsom AR, Cushman M (December 2020). 9133: 8577:"International normalized ratio (INR)" 7755:"The role of leukocytes in thrombosis" 7706: 7140: 6761: 6719: 6678: 6458: 6449: 6398: 6217:Journal of Thrombosis and Thrombolysis 5903: 5811: 5734:Rosendaal FR, Reitsma PH (July 2009). 5190: 5087: 4876:Scarvelis D, Wells PS (October 2006). 4213:"Management of venous thromboembolism" 4210: 3360:Wendelboe AM, Raskob GE (April 2016). 2763: 2761: 2759: 2757: 2755: 2753: 2751: 2712:Journal of Thrombosis and Thrombolysis 2682: 2431:An elevated level is greater than 250 2314:reported more than doubling the known 2305: 1333:experienced physicians can make a DVT 1082:catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome 939:disseminated intravascular coagulation 743:DVT in a leg above the knee is termed 272:(detach from the veins), travel as an 66: 12046:Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia 11682: 11472: 11284:Ruppert A, Steinle T, Lees M (2011). 11154: 11108: 10976:Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis 10898: 10603: 10199:Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis 10070:See section 6.0, Long-Distance Travel 8472: 8215:Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis 8095: 7932: 7895: 7852:Seminars in Thrombosis and Hemostasis 7551: 7539:from the original on 23 February 2011 7429:Chapin JC, Hajjar KA (January 2015). 7391:Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis 7278:"Deep venous thrombosis risk factors" 6965: 6931:Seminars in Thrombosis and Hemostasis 6868: 6747:10.1146/annurev-physiol-012110-142305 6267:Seminars in Thrombosis and Hemostasis 5957: 5740:Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis 5425:Seminars in Thrombosis and Hemostasis 5237:Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis 4961:Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine 4753: 4751: 4242:Mazer BA, Hughes PG (November 2018). 4113:"A case of phlegmasia cerulea dolens" 3749:from the original on 6 February 2013. 3684:Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis 2905: 2903: 2774:Seminars in Thrombosis and Hemostasis 2620: 1983:(prevention of a first VTE), and the 1857:The first rib, which is removed in a 1206:Tissue factor, via the tissue factor– 1104:, intravenous drug use, and smoking. 771:is described as involving either the 664:is a frequent mimic of DVT, with its 650:A depiction of a patent foramen ovale 582:DVT is thought to be able to cause a 516:(PE) occurs when a blood clot from a 436: 12051:Generalized essential telangiectasia 9737: 9458: 9433: 9378: 8937:Cardiovascular Diagnosis and Therapy 8568: 8434:Cardiovascular Diagnosis and Therapy 8113:Cardiovascular Diagnosis and Therapy 7943:"DDI/9290 clinical: D-dimer, plasma" 7484:Canadian Medical Association Journal 6832:Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine 6411:Clinical and Experimental Immunology 6313:Branchford BR, Carpenter SL (2018). 5919:Cardiovascular Diagnosis and Therapy 4924:Canadian Medical Association Journal 4882:Canadian Medical Association Journal 4658:Cardiovascular Diagnosis and Therapy 3945:Seminars in Interventional Radiology 3633: 3048:The American Journal of Managed Care 3044:"Overview of venous thromboembolism" 2646:Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine 2201:was diagnosed with an episode while 2072:An example of a compression stocking 1925: 806:Traditionally, the three factors of 334:, infection, inflammatory diseases, 113:, infection, inflammatory diseases, 10874:"My husband should be living today" 10513:from the original on 14 August 2012 9224: 9097:The New England Journal of Medicine 7753:Swystun LL, Liaw PC (August 2016). 7520: 7098: 6502:Knight CL, Nelson-Piercy C (2017). 6495: 4204: 2748: 2213:'s death at age 44. NBC journalist 1861:surgery, is labeled 1 in this image 1086:paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria 688:include tumors, venous or arterial 579:is a rare complication of arm DVT. 13: 7305:"Is thrombophilia testing useful?" 7029:Iranian Journal of Child Neurology 6685:Levi M, Scully M (February 2018). 5473:Keeling D, Alikhan R (June 2013). 5101:Kearon C, Kahn SR (January 2020). 4748: 4510:World Journal of Surgical Oncology 3448:Keeling D, Alikhan R (June 2013). 3148:Deutsches Ärzteblatt International 2900: 2334:, and a reduction in formation of 2038:intermittent pneumatic compression 1116: 575:is warranted to protect the limb. 431:intermittent pneumatic compression 184:intermittent pneumatic compression 105:Recent surgery, older age, active 14: 12496: 11068:Bagot CN, Arya R (October 2008). 10935:American Journal of Roentgenology 10684:The American Journal of Bioethics 9403:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.0452 9200:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.118.037425 8209:Le Gal G, Righini M (June 2015). 5062:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.118.037425 4070:Vascular and Endovascular Surgery 3728:Medicine and Health, Rhode Island 2911:"What is Venous Thromboembolism?" 1901:from thoracic outlet compression. 1815:contraindications to thrombolysis 1233:plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 707: 500:is a noted finding in those with 12201:Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis 11114: 11087:10.1111/j.1365-2141.2008.07323.x 11022:Clinical Medicine & Research 10892: 10866: 10840: 10785: 10766:Frankel TC (11 September 2016). 10759: 10649: 10623: 10597: 10499: 10391:10.1182/bloodadvances.2018024786 10087:from the original on 3 June 2016 9947:10.1182/bloodadvances.2018024802 9870: 9677: 9507: 9436:"What kind of doctor do I need?" 9427: 8867:The American Journal of Medicine 8857: 8775:10.1111/j.1365-2141.2011.08753.x 8725:10.1182/bloodadvances.2018024893 8685:10.1111/j.1365-2141.2012.09196.x 8607: 8595: 8295: 7404:10.1111/j.1538-7836.2011.04564.x 7192:Reikvam H, Tiu RV (April 2012). 6894:10.1111/j.1399-0004.2011.01746.x 6608:10.1016/j.critrevonc.2017.08.003 5753:10.1111/j.1538-7836.2009.03394.x 5654:10.1182/bloodadvances.2018022954 5401:10.1111/j.1365-2141.2010.08206.x 4555:Bauersachs RM (September 2012). 3697:10.1111/j.1538-7836.2007.02847.x 3528:The Medical Journal of Australia 3218:10.1182/bloodadvances.2020001830 2961:10.1182/bloodadvances.2019000975 2638:Bartholomew JR (December 2017). 2586:The Medical Journal of Australia 2533: 2524: 2515: 2506: 2493: 2484: 2463: 2451: 2442: 2425: 2415: 2406: 2355:cerebral venous sinus thrombosis 2193:. She was first diagnosed while 2007: 1999:Hospital (non-surgical) patients 1882: 1866: 1850: 1796: 1693: 1684: 1600: 1588: 1565: 1553: 1078:heparin-induced thrombocytopenia 643: 631: 615: 10821:Rodriguez D (12 October 2018). 10575:10.1016/j.disamonth.2018.12.005 9340:Journal of Medical Case Reports 9249:10.1161/CIRCOUTCOMES.119.005659 7322:10.1182/asheducation-2011.1.150 7185: 7134: 6208: 5768: 5736:"Genetics of venous thrombosis" 5334:"Factor V Leiden thrombophilia" 5203:from the original on 8 May 2021 5197:North American Thrombosis Forum 5184: 4497: 4333: 4061: 3993:"Pulmonary embolism: an update" 2397: 2380: 2347: 2109: 1306:clinical probability assessment 1256:early-growth-response protein 1 937:can contribute to both VTE and 188:graduated compression stockings 12152:Hepatic veno-occlusive disease 11262:10.1016/j.thromres.2014.11.024 11074:British Journal of Haematology 10339:10.1016/j.thromres.2015.11.033 10172:10.1016/j.thromres.2017.07.026 10127:10.1002/14651858.CD004002.pub4 9652:10.1002/14651858.CD008203.pub3 9140:Bhandari T (6 December 2017). 8762:British Journal of Haematology 8672:British Journal of Haematology 8632:10.1002/14651858.CD001367.pub3 8397:10.1002/14651858.CD003746.pub2 7141:Lu HY, Liao KM (August 2018). 7120:10.1016/j.thromres.2015.04.006 5789:10.1016/j.psychres.2016.04.105 5479:British Journal of Haematology 5388:British Journal of Haematology 3454:British Journal of Haematology 3042:Phillippe HM (December 2017). 2336:neutrophil extracellular traps 2320:American Society of Hematology 2058:American Society of Hematology 1807:catheter-directed thrombolysis 1675:international normalized ratio 1197:neutrophil extracellular traps 1054:activated protein C resistance 788:European Society of Cardiology 700:, muscle vein thrombosis, and 520:(a DVT) detaches from a vein ( 476:can cause both legs to swell. 386: 288:(PE). DVT and PE comprise the 203:catheter-directed thrombolysis 1: 11964:Aneurysm of sinus of Valsalva 11818:Monckeberg's arteriosclerosis 10696:10.1080/15265161.2020.1861384 10604:Perez AJ (17 February 2016). 10535:Haskell R (10 January 2018). 9705:10.1016/S2352-3026(16)30184-3 9067:10.1016/S2352-3026(15)00248-3 9023:10.1016/S0140-6736(11)61753-4 8324:10.7860/IJARS/2019/40329:2458 8302:Häggström, M (January 2019). 7727:10.1016/S0049-3848(09)70140-9 7363:10.1080/17474086.2020.1804354 7247:10.1016/S0140-6736(05)71880-8 3864:10.1016/s0733-8627(05)70223-6 3379:10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.115.306841 3271:10.1080/16078454.2019.1687144 2545: 2016:The incision for a completed 1961: 1789:in asymptomatic individuals. 1661:(non-oral) medicines include 1612: 996:resistant to inactivation by 976:system, often described as a 858:fractures are also risks. In 257:involving the formation of a 12269:Chronic venous insufficiency 11894:Aortoiliac occlusive disease 11303:10.3111/13696998.2010.546465 11290:Journal of Medical Economics 9483:10.5811/westjem.2016.5.29951 8879:10.1016/j.amjmed.2015.11.031 8357:10.1161/CIR.0b013e318214914f 7772:10.1182/blood-2016-05-718114 7083:10.1182/blood-2014-09-551978 6991:10.3324/haematol.2019.224279 6704:10.1182/blood-2017-10-804096 6559:Journal of Internal Medicine 6383:10.1161/CIR.0000000000000769 6183:10.1371/journal.pmed.1003101 5837:10.1161/STR.0000000000000098 5594:10.1097/CCM.0b013e3181c9cbd9 5351:10.1097/GIM.0b013e3181faa0f2 5332:Kujovich JL (January 2011). 5191:Piazza G (19 October 2019). 4973:10.1097/MCP.0b013e328349a9e3 4111:Turner DPB (November 1952). 2471:randomized controlled trials 2388:combined oral contraceptives 2291: 2080: 2063: 2047: 1787:CT of the abdomen and pelvis 1663:low-molecular-weight heparin 1299: 1048:Blood alterations including 1014:deficiencies in antithrombin 959:hormonal replacement therapy 927:systemic lupus erythematosus 870:, and in survivors of acute 682:chronic venous insufficiency 504:and is associated with DVT. 482:superficial thrombophlebitis 219:low-molecular-weight heparin 168:chronic venous insufficiency 7: 12284:Inferior vena cava syndrome 12279:Superior vena cava syndrome 12006:Vertebral artery dissection 11996:Intracranial berry aneurysm 11198:European Respiratory Review 11130:Journal of Nuclear Medicine 10929:Goodman LR (October 2013). 9787:Annals of Internal Medicine 9546:Journal of Vascular Surgery 8800:Annals of Internal Medicine 8502:10.1016/j.chest.2015.11.026 8165:Annals of Internal Medicine 8071:Pyzocha N (December 2019). 7616:Annals of Vascular Diseases 7350:Expert Review of Hematology 6735:Annual Review of Physiology 6640:European Respiratory Review 6133:10.1016/j.chest.2020.11.005 3997:Australian Family Physician 3991:Doherty S (November 2017). 2197:in 1998 and again in 2009. 1505:Use of oral contraceptives 1195:pro-coagulant granules and 698:superficial vein thrombosis 694:connective tissue disorders 577:Superior vena cava syndrome 478:Superficial vein thrombosis 280:that supplies blood to the 10: 12501: 12385:Hypertensive heart disease 12036:Arteriovenous malformation 12011:Familial aortic dissection 11211:10.1183/16000617.0025-2016 10901:Jimmy Stewart: A Biography 10744:10.1177/000313481307900222 10465:Thrombosis and Haemostasis 10246:(43): 3033–69, 3069a–69k. 7815:10.1161/ATVBAHA.119.312463 7579:10.1161/ATVBAHA.110.213405 7533:Disease Management Project 7447:10.1016/j.blre.2014.09.003 6653:10.1183/16000617.0119-2018 6229:10.1007/s11239-020-02211-7 5310:10.1161/ATVBAHA.111.242818 5021:10.1001/jamasurg.2016.1770 4574:10.1016/j.beha.2012.07.004 4260:10.5811/cpcem.2018.8.39444 4179:10.4103/ijccm.IJCCM_183_16 3653:10.1161/ATVBAHA.108.162818 3410:Thrombosis and Haemostasis 3011:10.1161/ATVBAHA.114.304488 2363:splanchnic vein thrombosis 2361:), spleen and intestines ( 2310:A 2019 study published in 2282:direct oral anticoagulants 2224: 1920:absolutely contraindicated 1286:fibrin degradation product 1252:hypoxia-inducible factor-1 1012:—contribute to VTE. These 911:inflammatory bowel disease 494:Migratory thrombophlebitis 215:Direct oral anticoagulants 18: 12440: 12410:Renovascular hypertension 12375: 12366: 12353:Hepatic artery thrombosis 12301: 12261: 12216: 12120: 12102: 12093: 12061: 12021: 12001:Carotid artery dissection 11954:Abdominal aortic aneurysm 11926: 11886: 11863: 11804:Intermittent claudication 11774: 11767:Peripheral artery disease 11765: 11735: 11717: 11630: 11541: 10656:Moisse K (2 March 2011). 9353:10.1186/s13256-016-0848-0 9298:10.1007/s40122-019-0124-2 8906:American Family Physician 8271:10.1016/j.ccm.2018.04.003 8259:Clinics in Chest Medicine 8077:American Family Physician 7986:10.1016/j.ahj.2013.01.024 7160:10.1186/s12882-018-0989-z 5878:10.1186/s13102-018-0092-6 5702:10.1258/phleb.2012.012S31 3903:10.1038/s41416-019-0510-x 3891:British Journal of Cancer 3600:10.1007/s11936-017-0518-6 3324:10.1038/s41588-019-0519-3 3160:10.3238/arztebl.2017.0244 2724:10.1007/s11239-015-1311-6 2261:impedance plethysmography 2133: 2024:Major orthopedic surgery— 1968:prevention of blood clots 1936:general internal medicine 1916:inferior vena cava filter 1875:Paget–Schroetter syndrome 1835:Paget–Schroetter syndrome 1745:Investigations for cancer 1651:direct thrombin inhibitor 1645:(a factor Xa inhibitor), 1227:, cytokines that promote 1102:essential thrombocythemia 923:antiphospholipid syndrome 884:Paget–Schroetter syndrome 846:increase risk because of 830:components, the state of 793: 561:phlegmasia cerulea dolens 548:). The chest pain can be 336:antiphospholipid syndrome 236: 208: 197: 174: 145: 133: 127:period following delivery 115:antiphospholipid syndrome 99: 86: 72: 60: 55: 46: 38: 33: 12395:Hypertensive nephropathy 12208:Post-thrombotic syndrome 12189:Paget–Schroetter disease 11981:Coronary artery aneurysm 11959:Thoracic aortic aneurysm 10253:10.1093/eurheartj/ehu283 10042:(2 Suppl): e195S–e226S. 9990:(2 Suppl): e691S–e736S. 9840:(2 Suppl): e278S–e325S. 9763:10.1093/eurheartj/eht046 8998:" London, 26 March 2020. 7910:10.1177/0268355515569424 7529:"Venous thromboembolism" 7527:Kim ES, Bartholomew JR. 6034:10.3389/fimmu.2019.02569 5970:Case Reports in Medicine 5120:10.1182/blood.2019002364 4806:10.1177/0003319708316897 4620:10.3389/fimmu.2019.01348 4467:(2 Suppl): e351S–e418S. 4359:10.3389/fneur.2020.00336 4082:10.1177/1538574410388309 4046:10.1093/eurheartj/ehz405 3817:10.1177/0003319708316897 3107:10.1182/blood.2019000918 2885:10.1093/eurheartj/ehx003 2341: 2018:knee replacement surgery 1956:Interventional radiology 1831:thoracic outlet syndrome 1731:post-thrombotic syndrome 1402:Previous documented DVT 1349:Dutch Primary Care Rule 880:thoracic outlet syndrome 484:, is the formation of a 305:post-thrombotic syndrome 93:Post-thrombotic syndrome 12450:Orthostatic hypotension 12432:White coat hypertension 11909:Fibromuscular dysplasia 11873:Carotid artery stenosis 10630:Martin J (4 May 2016). 9602:10.1161/JAHA.120.019395 9559:10.1067/mva.2000.110352 9172:" London, 12 June 2019. 8950:10.21037/cdt.2017.09.12 8583:. Treasure Island, FL. 8447:10.21037/cdt.2017.11.03 8126:10.21037/cdt.2017.09.01 7628:10.3400/avd.ra.17-00035 7284:. Treasure Island, FL. 6332:10.3389/fped.2018.00142 6319:Frontiers in Pediatrics 6021:Frontiers in Immunology 5932:10.21037/cdt.2017.08.15 4671:10.21037/cdt.2016.12.06 4607:Frontiers in Immunology 4309:10.1136/bcr-2016-215078 4129:10.1136/bmj.2.4795.1183 4117:British Medical Journal 2375:ovarian vein thrombosis 2359:retinal vein thrombosis 2277:subcutaneous injections 1573:Doppler ultrasonography 1413:Swelling of entire leg 1330:Dutch Primary Care Rule 1260:reactive oxygen species 1229:endothelial dysfunction 508:Potential complications 338:, personal history and 12422:Pulmonary hypertension 12405:Secondary hypertension 12400:Essential hypertension 12390:Hypertensive emergency 12231:Portacaval anastomosis 12167:Portal vein thrombosis 11809:Critical limb ischemia 11710:Cardiovascular disease 11476:Venous thromboembolism 11437:10.14797/mdcj-14-3-173 10509:. American Red Cross. 10441:10.1001/jama.2011.2029 10240:European Heart Journal 9889:(2 Suppl): e227S–77S. 9750:European Heart Journal 9693:The Lancet Haematology 9519:Johns Hopkins Medicine 9055:The Lancet Haematology 8538:(2 Suppl): e419S–96S. 7974:American Heart Journal 7864:10.1055/s-0038-1677040 6943:10.1055/s-0032-1315758 6845:10.3949/ccjm.79a.11072 6473:10.1055/s-0032-1311791 6279:10.1055/s-0038-1661387 5582:Critical Care Medicine 5437:10.1055/s-0038-1657779 4410:10.4244/EIJ-D-18-00622 4346:Frontiers in Neurology 4033:European Heart Journal 3957:10.1055/s-0038-1642036 2872:European Heart Journal 2786:10.1055/s-0036-1592333 2272: 2234: 2146: 2073: 2030:total knee replacement 2021: 1993:number needed to treat 1911: 1671:unfractionated heparin 1523:compression ultrasound 1483:Absence of leg trauma 1243: 1183: 1125: 1094:chronic kidney disease 1052:, low free protein S, 981: 889:Infections, including 803: 726:venous thromboembolism 723:cardiovascular disease 718: 686:differential diagnoses 656:Differential diagnosis 610:into the left atrium. 554:compression ultrasound 490:vein close to the skin 446: 352:period following birth 344:hormonal birth control 294:venous thromboembolism 290:cardiovascular disease 227:unfractionated heparin 147:Differential diagnosis 123:hormonal birth control 117:, personal history or 42:Deep venous thrombosis 12427:Systolic hypertension 12172:Renal vein thrombosis 12031:Arteriovenous fistula 12023:Vascular malformation 11991:Intracranial aneurysm 11878:Renal artery stenosis 11339:10.1592/phco.29.8.943 10048:10.1378/chest.11-2296 9996:10.1378/chest.11-2300 9895:10.1378/chest.11-2297 9846:10.1378/chest.11-2404 9434:Moll S (9 May 2012). 9109:10.1056/NEJMoa1615066 8873:(4): 447.e1–447.e20. 8544:10.1378/chest.11-2301 7303:Middeldorp S (2011). 6084:10.1378/chest.15-0287 4771:10.3310/signal-000830 4523:10.1186/1477-7819-6-6 4473:10.1378/chest.11-2299 3634:Moll S (March 2008). 3054:(20 Suppl): S376–82. 2659:10.3949/ccjm.84.s3.04 2652:(12 Suppl 3): 39–46. 2392:Progestogen-only pill 2371:renal vein thrombosis 2270: 2232: 2141: 2124:varies with ethnicity 2071: 2054:postpartum hemorrhage 2026:total hip replacement 2015: 1909: 1241: 1192:activated endothelium 1180:brachiocephalic veins 1173: 1124: 1039:fibrinogen gamma gene 1027:von Willebrand factor 971: 818:, and changes in the 801: 765:clinical significance 731:DVT is classified as 715: 586:in the presence of a 540:, coughing up blood ( 498:Trousseau's syndrome) 486:blood clot (thrombus) 444: 370:and the mutations of 12341:Paradoxical embolism 12336:Cholesterol embolism 12162:May–Thurner syndrome 12157:Budd–Chiari syndrome 12140:Deep vein thrombosis 12135:primarily lower limb 11914:Raynaud's phenomenon 11667:Deep vein thrombosis 11512:10.1378/chest.1412S3 11034:10.3121/cmr.2009.866 10948:10.2214/AJR.13.10604 10731:The American Surgeon 10477:10.1160/TH10-08-0510 8943:(Suppl 3): S207–18. 8440:(Suppl 3): S134–39. 8221:(Suppl 1): S259–65. 8119:(Suppl 3): S276–84. 7681:10.3390/ijms21062080 7535:. Cleveland Clinic. 7211:10.1038/leu.2011.314 6521:10.2147/OARRR.S87828 5925:(Suppl 3): S285–90. 5532:10.2450/2010.0066-10 5338:Genetics in Medicine 4854:10.1001/jama.2010.43 3423:10.1160/TH17-02-0134 3366:Circulation Research 2367:Budd–Chiari syndrome 2034:hip fracture surgery 1977:Western pattern diet 1914:The placement of an 1751:physical examination 1631:vitamin K antagonist 1346:Wells score for DVT 1335:pre-test probability 1314:emergency department 1218:rich. Platelets and 1062:hyperhomocysteinemia 876:May–Thurner syndrome 600:patent foramen ovale 592:paradoxical embolism 569:compartment syndrome 316:decreased blood flow 247:Deep vein thrombosis 125:, pregnancy and the 34:Deep vein thrombosis 21:DVT (disambiguation) 12417:Benign hypertension 11506:(2 Suppl): 7S–47S. 11387:10.2147/CEOR.S85635 11249:Thrombosis Research 10772:The Washington Post 10327:Thrombosis Research 10160:Thrombosis Research 7721:(Suppl 4): S30–34. 7715:Thrombosis Research 7496:10.1503/cmaj.091692 7108:Thrombosis Research 5983:10.1155/2014/758010 5777:Psychiatry Research 5746:(Suppl 1): 301–04. 4936:10.1503/cmaj.071550 4894:10.1503/cmaj.060366 2306:Research directions 2205:, and TV show host 1859:first rib resection 1843:first rib resection 1639:factor Xa inhibitor 1147:(behind the knee), 1134:coagulation cascade 1043:prothrombin G20210A 998:activated protein C 907:autoimmune diseases 777:common femoral vein 590:. This is called a 534:shortness of breath 376:prothrombin G20210A 284:. This is called a 12331:Pulmonary embolism 12241:Esophageal varices 12179:upper limb / torso 11823:Arteriolosclerosis 11631:External resources 11176:The New York Times 10854:. 27 December 2011 10294:10.5271/sjweh.3841 9446:on 28 January 2020 8602:Guyatt et al. 2012 6572:10.1111/joim.13022 5160:10.1002/rth2.12482 4223:on 27 January 2012 4211:Owings JT (2005). 3540:10.5694/mja2.50004 3494:Guyatt et al. 2012 3066:on 30 January 2020 2598:10.5694/mja2.50201 2286:The New York Times 2273: 2235: 2158:and hall of famer 2147: 2074: 2022: 1981:primary prevention 1912: 1538:CT scan venography 1532:color flow Doppler 1244: 1242:D-dimer production 1184: 1153:inferior vena cava 1126: 1090:nephrotic syndrome 982: 947:as does pregnancy. 915:systemic sclerosis 860:orthopedic surgery 816:hypercoagulability 804: 719: 624:pulmonary arteries 604:interatrial septum 514:pulmonary embolism 474:inferior vena cava 447: 437:Signs and symptoms 358:, deficiencies of 286:pulmonary embolism 182:(blood thinners), 12462: 12461: 12458: 12457: 12302:Arteries or veins 12297: 12296: 12122:Venous thrombosis 12089: 12088: 12071:Cherry hemangioma 11971:Aortic dissection 11922: 11921: 11757:Buerger's disease 11676: 11675: 11473:Dalen JE (2003). 10989:10.1111/jth.12127 10212:10.1111/jth.14728 9391:JAMA Network Open 8228:10.1111/jth.12937 8035:10.1136/bmj.g1340 7980:(4): 523–530.e3. 7949:on 8 October 2012 7904:(1 Suppl): 7–13. 7241:(9465): 1163–74. 6882:Clinical Genetics 6786:10.1136/bmj.e4944 6424:10.1111/cei.13243 5696:(Suppl 2): 2–11. 5588:(2 Suppl): S3-9. 5520:Blood Transfusion 5492:10.1111/bjh.12306 5250:10.1111/jth.14759 4724:10.1136/bmj.l4363 4303:: bcr2016215078. 4123:(4795): 1183–85. 3467:10.1111/bjh.12306 2473:that demonstrate 2386:Third-generation 1952:vascular medicine 1926:Field of medicine 1811:bottom left image 1581:deep femoral vein 1515: 1514: 1367:tibial tuberosity 1264:nuclear factor-κB 1220:white blood cells 1098:polycythemia vera 1072:levels, and high 1050:dysfibrinogenemia 919:Behçet's syndrome 882:, which includes 781:common iliac vein 544:), and fainting ( 502:pancreatic cancer 324:blood vessel wall 322:, changes to the 255:venous thrombosis 244: 243: 201:Anticoagulation, 135:Diagnostic method 129:, genetic factors 28:Medical condition 12492: 12373: 12372: 12184:Mondor's disease 12127:Thrombophlebitis 12100: 12099: 11776:Arteriosclerosis 11772: 11771: 11733: 11732: 11703: 11696: 11689: 11680: 11679: 11539: 11538: 11533: 11523: 11490: 11466:Cited literature 11459: 11458: 11448: 11416: 11410: 11409: 11399: 11389: 11365: 11359: 11358: 11322: 11316: 11315: 11305: 11281: 11275: 11274: 11264: 11240: 11234: 11233: 11223: 11213: 11204:(141): 295–302. 11189: 11180: 11179: 11167: 11158: 11152: 11146: 11145: 11127: 11118: 11112: 11106: 11100: 11099: 11089: 11065: 11056: 11055: 11045: 11013: 11002: 11001: 10991: 10967: 10961: 10960: 10950: 10926: 10915: 10914: 10899:Eliot M (2006). 10896: 10890: 10889: 10887: 10885: 10870: 10864: 10863: 10861: 10859: 10844: 10838: 10837: 10835: 10833: 10818: 10809: 10808: 10806: 10804: 10789: 10783: 10782: 10780: 10778: 10763: 10757: 10756: 10746: 10722: 10716: 10715: 10679: 10673: 10672: 10670: 10668: 10653: 10647: 10646: 10644: 10642: 10627: 10621: 10620: 10618: 10616: 10601: 10595: 10594: 10558: 10552: 10551: 10549: 10547: 10532: 10523: 10522: 10520: 10518: 10503: 10497: 10496: 10460: 10454: 10453: 10443: 10419: 10413: 10412: 10402: 10385:(22): 3292–316. 10370: 10361: 10360: 10350: 10318: 10307: 10306: 10296: 10272: 10266: 10265: 10255: 10231: 10225: 10224: 10214: 10190: 10184: 10183: 10155: 10149: 10148: 10138: 10106: 10100: 10099: 10094: 10092: 10077: 10071: 10069: 10059: 10027: 10018: 10017: 10007: 9975: 9969: 9968: 9958: 9926: 9917: 9916: 9906: 9874: 9868: 9867: 9857: 9825: 9819: 9818: 9782: 9776: 9775: 9765: 9741: 9735: 9734: 9716: 9690: 9681: 9675: 9674: 9664: 9654: 9645:(12): CD008203. 9630: 9624: 9623: 9613: 9581: 9572: 9571: 9561: 9537: 9531: 9530: 9528: 9526: 9511: 9505: 9504: 9494: 9462: 9456: 9455: 9453: 9451: 9442:. Archived from 9431: 9425: 9424: 9414: 9382: 9376: 9375: 9365: 9355: 9331: 9320: 9319: 9309: 9286:Pain and Therapy 9277: 9271: 9270: 9260: 9228: 9222: 9221: 9211: 9179: 9173: 9166: 9157: 9156: 9154: 9152: 9137: 9131: 9130: 9120: 9088: 9079: 9078: 9049: 9043: 9042: 9005: 8999: 8992: 8973: 8972: 8962: 8952: 8928: 8922: 8921: 8897: 8891: 8890: 8861: 8855: 8854: 8838: 8832: 8831: 8794: 8788: 8787: 8777: 8753: 8747: 8746: 8736: 8704: 8698: 8697: 8687: 8663: 8654: 8653: 8643: 8611: 8605: 8599: 8593: 8592: 8572: 8566: 8565: 8555: 8523: 8514: 8513: 8485: 8470: 8469: 8459: 8449: 8425: 8419: 8418: 8408: 8376: 8370: 8369: 8359: 8350:(16): 1788–830. 8335: 8329: 8328: 8326: 8308: 8299: 8293: 8292: 8282: 8250: 8241: 8240: 8230: 8206: 8197: 8196: 8177:10.7326/M17-0291 8160: 8149: 8148: 8138: 8128: 8104: 8093: 8092: 8068: 8057: 8056: 8046: 8014: 8008: 8007: 7997: 7965: 7959: 7958: 7956: 7954: 7939: 7930: 7929: 7893: 7884: 7883: 7843: 7837: 7836: 7826: 7794: 7785: 7784: 7774: 7750: 7739: 7738: 7710: 7704: 7703: 7693: 7683: 7659: 7650: 7649: 7639: 7607: 7601: 7600: 7590: 7558: 7549: 7548: 7546: 7544: 7524: 7518: 7517: 7507: 7475: 7469: 7468: 7458: 7426: 7417: 7416: 7406: 7382: 7376: 7375: 7365: 7341: 7335: 7334: 7324: 7300: 7294: 7293: 7273: 7267: 7266: 7230: 7224: 7223: 7213: 7189: 7183: 7182: 7172: 7162: 7138: 7132: 7131: 7102: 7096: 7095: 7085: 7061: 7055: 7054: 7044: 7020: 7014: 7013: 7003: 6993: 6969: 6963: 6962: 6925: 6914: 6913: 6877: 6866: 6865: 6847: 6829: 6821: 6808: 6807: 6797: 6765: 6759: 6758: 6730: 6717: 6716: 6706: 6682: 6676: 6675: 6665: 6655: 6631: 6620: 6619: 6591: 6585: 6584: 6574: 6550: 6544: 6543: 6533: 6523: 6499: 6493: 6492: 6456: 6447: 6446: 6436: 6426: 6402: 6396: 6395: 6385: 6361: 6355: 6354: 6344: 6334: 6310: 6299: 6298: 6264: 6255: 6249: 6248: 6212: 6206: 6205: 6195: 6185: 6161: 6155: 6154: 6144: 6112: 6106: 6105: 6095: 6063: 6057: 6056: 6046: 6036: 6012: 6006: 6005: 5995: 5985: 5961: 5955: 5954: 5944: 5934: 5910: 5901: 5900: 5890: 5880: 5856: 5850: 5849: 5839: 5815: 5809: 5808: 5772: 5766: 5765: 5755: 5731: 5722: 5721: 5685: 5676: 5675: 5665: 5648:(22): 3198–225. 5633: 5614: 5613: 5577: 5554: 5553: 5543: 5511: 5505: 5504: 5494: 5470: 5457: 5456: 5420: 5414: 5413: 5403: 5379: 5364: 5363: 5353: 5329: 5323: 5322: 5312: 5288: 5271: 5270: 5252: 5228: 5213: 5212: 5210: 5208: 5188: 5182: 5181: 5171: 5139: 5133: 5132: 5122: 5098: 5085: 5084: 5074: 5064: 5040: 5034: 5033: 5023: 4999: 4993: 4992: 4956: 4950: 4949: 4947: 4915: 4905: 4873: 4867: 4866: 4856: 4832: 4826: 4825: 4789: 4783: 4782: 4755: 4746: 4745: 4735: 4703: 4694: 4693: 4683: 4673: 4649: 4643: 4642: 4632: 4622: 4598: 4587: 4586: 4576: 4552: 4546: 4545: 4535: 4525: 4501: 4495: 4494: 4484: 4452: 4433: 4432: 4422: 4412: 4403:(13): 1389–402. 4397:EuroIntervention 4388: 4382: 4381: 4371: 4361: 4337: 4331: 4330: 4320: 4297:BMJ Case Reports 4288: 4282: 4281: 4271: 4239: 4233: 4232: 4230: 4228: 4208: 4202: 4201: 4191: 4181: 4157: 4151: 4150: 4140: 4108: 4102: 4101: 4065: 4059: 4058: 4048: 4024: 4013: 4012: 3988: 3979: 3978: 3968: 3936: 3925: 3924: 3914: 3882: 3876: 3875: 3843: 3837: 3836: 3800: 3794: 3793: 3774:10.1136/bmj.k351 3757: 3751: 3750: 3748: 3725: 3716: 3710: 3709: 3699: 3675: 3666: 3665: 3655: 3631: 3620: 3619: 3583: 3570: 3569: 3551: 3522: 3497: 3491: 3480: 3479: 3469: 3445: 3436: 3435: 3425: 3401: 3392: 3391: 3381: 3357: 3346: 3345: 3335: 3303: 3284: 3283: 3273: 3249: 3240: 3239: 3229: 3212:(19): 4693–738. 3197: 3182: 3181: 3171: 3139: 3120: 3119: 3109: 3085: 3076: 3075: 3073: 3071: 3062:. Archived from 3039: 3024: 3023: 3013: 2989: 2983: 2982: 2972: 2955:(23): 3898–944. 2940: 2927: 2926: 2924: 2922: 2907: 2898: 2897: 2887: 2863: 2808: 2807: 2797: 2765: 2746: 2745: 2735: 2703: 2680: 2679: 2661: 2643: 2635: 2618: 2617: 2581: 2540: 2537: 2531: 2528: 2522: 2519: 2513: 2510: 2504: 2501:prothrombin time 2497: 2491: 2488: 2482: 2467: 2461: 2455: 2449: 2446: 2440: 2429: 2423: 2419: 2413: 2410: 2404: 2401: 2395: 2384: 2378: 2373:), and ovaries ( 2351: 2240:Sushruta Samhita 1948:vascular surgery 1886: 1870: 1854: 1771:hepatic function 1763:full blood count 1759:cancer screening 1757:, and universal 1697: 1688: 1604: 1592: 1569: 1557: 1340: 1339: 1320:is the standard 864:orthopedic casts 802:Depiction of DVT 647: 635: 619: 530:pulmonary artery 480:, also known as 320:tendency to clot 278:pulmonary artery 51: 31: 30: 12500: 12499: 12495: 12494: 12493: 12491: 12490: 12489: 12465: 12464: 12463: 12454: 12436: 12362: 12319:Microangiopathy 12314:Macroangiopathy 12293: 12257: 12226:Gastric varices 12212: 12125: 12116: 12085: 12057: 12017: 11949:Aortic aneurysm 11935: 11918: 11904:Erythromelalgia 11882: 11859: 11784:Atherosclerosis 11761: 11725: 11713: 11707: 11677: 11672: 11671: 11626: 11625: 11550: 11536: 11487: 11463: 11462: 11417: 11413: 11366: 11362: 11327:Pharmacotherapy 11323: 11319: 11282: 11278: 11241: 11237: 11190: 11183: 11168: 11161: 11153: 11149: 11125: 11119: 11115: 11107: 11103: 11066: 11059: 11028:(3–4): 168–72. 11014: 11005: 10968: 10964: 10927: 10918: 10911: 10897: 10893: 10883: 10881: 10872: 10871: 10867: 10857: 10855: 10846: 10845: 10841: 10831: 10829: 10827:Everyday Health 10819: 10812: 10802: 10800: 10791: 10790: 10786: 10776: 10774: 10764: 10760: 10723: 10719: 10680: 10676: 10666: 10664: 10654: 10650: 10640: 10638: 10628: 10624: 10614: 10612: 10602: 10598: 10563:Disease-a-Month 10559: 10555: 10545: 10543: 10533: 10526: 10516: 10514: 10505: 10504: 10500: 10461: 10457: 10420: 10416: 10371: 10364: 10319: 10310: 10273: 10269: 10232: 10228: 10191: 10187: 10156: 10152: 10121:(4): CD004002. 10107: 10103: 10090: 10088: 10079: 10078: 10074: 10028: 10021: 9976: 9972: 9941:(22): 3317–59. 9927: 9920: 9875: 9871: 9826: 9822: 9783: 9779: 9756:(24): 1800–06. 9742: 9738: 9688: 9682: 9678: 9631: 9627: 9596:(23): e019395. 9582: 9575: 9538: 9534: 9524: 9522: 9513: 9512: 9508: 9463: 9459: 9449: 9447: 9432: 9428: 9383: 9379: 9332: 9323: 9278: 9274: 9243:(10): e005659. 9229: 9225: 9180: 9176: 9167: 9160: 9150: 9148: 9138: 9134: 9103:(23): 2240–52. 9089: 9082: 9050: 9046: 9017:(9810): 31–38. 9006: 9002: 8993: 8976: 8929: 8925: 8898: 8894: 8862: 8858: 8839: 8835: 8795: 8791: 8754: 8750: 8719:(22): 3257–91. 8705: 8701: 8664: 8657: 8626:(8): CD001367. 8612: 8608: 8600: 8596: 8573: 8569: 8524: 8517: 8486: 8473: 8426: 8422: 8391:(1): CD003746. 8377: 8373: 8336: 8332: 8306: 8300: 8296: 8251: 8244: 8207: 8200: 8161: 8152: 8105: 8096: 8069: 8060: 8029:(7949): g1340. 8015: 8011: 7966: 7962: 7952: 7950: 7941: 7940: 7933: 7894: 7887: 7844: 7840: 7795: 7788: 7751: 7742: 7711: 7707: 7660: 7653: 7608: 7604: 7559: 7552: 7542: 7540: 7525: 7521: 7476: 7472: 7427: 7420: 7383: 7379: 7342: 7338: 7301: 7297: 7274: 7270: 7231: 7227: 7190: 7186: 7139: 7135: 7103: 7099: 7076:(11): 1285–93. 7062: 7058: 7021: 7017: 6970: 6966: 6926: 6917: 6878: 6869: 6822: 6811: 6780:(7872): e4944. 6766: 6762: 6731: 6720: 6683: 6679: 6646:(151): 180119. 6632: 6623: 6592: 6588: 6551: 6547: 6500: 6496: 6457: 6450: 6403: 6399: 6376:(24): e914–31. 6362: 6358: 6311: 6302: 6262: 6256: 6252: 6213: 6209: 6176:(5): e1003101. 6162: 6158: 6113: 6109: 6064: 6060: 6013: 6009: 5962: 5958: 5911: 5904: 5857: 5853: 5830:(6): e98–e169. 5816: 5812: 5773: 5769: 5732: 5725: 5686: 5679: 5634: 5617: 5578: 5557: 5512: 5508: 5471: 5460: 5421: 5417: 5380: 5367: 5330: 5326: 5289: 5274: 5229: 5216: 5206: 5204: 5189: 5185: 5140: 5136: 5099: 5088: 5041: 5037: 5000: 4996: 4957: 4953: 4916: 4874: 4870: 4833: 4829: 4790: 4786: 4757: 4756: 4749: 4718:(8209): l4363. 4704: 4697: 4650: 4646: 4599: 4590: 4553: 4549: 4502: 4498: 4453: 4436: 4389: 4385: 4338: 4334: 4289: 4285: 4240: 4236: 4226: 4224: 4209: 4205: 4158: 4154: 4109: 4105: 4066: 4062: 4025: 4016: 3989: 3982: 3937: 3928: 3883: 3879: 3844: 3840: 3801: 3797: 3758: 3754: 3746: 3723: 3717: 3713: 3676: 3669: 3632: 3623: 3584: 3573: 3523: 3500: 3492: 3483: 3446: 3439: 3416:(12): 2243–60. 3402: 3395: 3358: 3349: 3318:(11): 1574–79. 3312:Nature Genetics 3304: 3287: 3250: 3243: 3198: 3185: 3140: 3123: 3086: 3079: 3069: 3067: 3040: 3027: 3004:(11): 2363–71. 2990: 2986: 2941: 2930: 2920: 2918: 2917:. 14 March 2019 2909: 2908: 2901: 2878:(47): 4208–18. 2864: 2811: 2766: 2749: 2704: 2683: 2636: 2621: 2582: 2553: 2548: 2543: 2538: 2534: 2529: 2525: 2520: 2516: 2511: 2507: 2498: 2494: 2489: 2485: 2468: 2464: 2456: 2452: 2447: 2443: 2430: 2426: 2422:thrombophilias. 2420: 2416: 2411: 2407: 2402: 2398: 2385: 2381: 2352: 2348: 2344: 2312:Nature Genetics 2308: 2294: 2227: 2191:Hillary Clinton 2167:Serena Williams 2160:Hakeem Olajuwon 2143:Serena Williams 2136: 2112: 2083: 2066: 2050: 2010: 2001: 1964: 1928: 1902: 1895:subclavian vein 1887: 1878: 1871: 1862: 1855: 1839:subclavian vein 1799: 1755:medical history 1747: 1723:decision making 1719: 1718: 1717: 1716: 1700: 1699: 1698: 1690: 1689: 1615: 1608: 1605: 1596: 1593: 1584: 1570: 1561: 1558: 1302: 1294:Anticoagulation 1119: 1117:Pathophysiology 1037:for the common 990:Factor V Leiden 935:adenocarcinomas 808:Virchow's triad 796: 769:Iliofemoral DVT 759:), also called 710: 658: 651: 648: 639: 636: 627: 620: 510: 439: 383:prediction rule 372:factor V Leiden 253:) is a type of 95:, recurrent VTE 29: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 12498: 12488: 12487: 12482: 12477: 12475:Coagulopathies 12460: 12459: 12456: 12455: 12453: 12452: 12446: 12444: 12438: 12437: 12435: 12434: 12429: 12424: 12419: 12414: 12413: 12412: 12402: 12397: 12392: 12387: 12381: 12379: 12370: 12368:Blood pressure 12364: 12363: 12361: 12360: 12355: 12350: 12345: 12344: 12343: 12338: 12333: 12323: 12322: 12321: 12316: 12305: 12303: 12299: 12298: 12295: 12294: 12292: 12291: 12286: 12281: 12276: 12271: 12265: 12263: 12259: 12258: 12256: 12255: 12250: 12249: 12248: 12243: 12238: 12228: 12222: 12220: 12218:Varicose veins 12214: 12213: 12211: 12210: 12205: 12204: 12203: 12193: 12192: 12191: 12186: 12176: 12175: 12174: 12169: 12164: 12159: 12154: 12144: 12143: 12142: 12131: 12129: 12118: 12117: 12115: 12114: 12108: 12106: 12097: 12091: 12090: 12087: 12086: 12084: 12083: 12081:Spider angioma 12078: 12073: 12067: 12065: 12063:Vascular nevus 12059: 12058: 12056: 12055: 12054: 12053: 12048: 12041:Telangiectasia 12038: 12033: 12027: 12025: 12019: 12018: 12016: 12015: 12014: 12013: 12008: 12003: 11998: 11993: 11983: 11978: 11976:Aortic rupture 11973: 11968: 11967: 11966: 11961: 11956: 11941: 11939: 11937:pseudoaneurysm 11924: 11923: 11920: 11919: 11917: 11916: 11911: 11906: 11901: 11896: 11890: 11888: 11884: 11883: 11881: 11880: 11875: 11869: 11867: 11861: 11860: 11858: 11857: 11856: 11855: 11850: 11848:Oxycholesterol 11845: 11840: 11835: 11830: 11820: 11814: 11813: 11812: 11811: 11806: 11801: 11796: 11791: 11780: 11778: 11769: 11763: 11762: 11760: 11759: 11754: 11753: 11752: 11741: 11739: 11730: 11715: 11714: 11706: 11705: 11698: 11691: 11683: 11674: 11673: 11670: 11669: 11658: 11647: 11635: 11634: 11632: 11628: 11627: 11624: 11623: 11612: 11601: 11586: 11567: 11551: 11546: 11545: 11543: 11542:Classification 11535: 11534: 11491: 11486:978-0824756451 11485: 11469: 11461: 11460: 11411: 11360: 11317: 11276: 11235: 11181: 11159: 11147: 11113: 11101: 11057: 11003: 10962: 10941:(4): W576-81. 10916: 10910:978-1400052226 10909: 10891: 10880:. 3 March 2005 10865: 10839: 10810: 10799:. 6 March 2007 10784: 10758: 10717: 10674: 10648: 10622: 10596: 10553: 10524: 10498: 10455: 10434:(3): 294–303. 10414: 10379:Blood Advances 10362: 10308: 10267: 10226: 10185: 10150: 10101: 10072: 10019: 9970: 9935:Blood Advances 9918: 9869: 9820: 9793:(10): 720–27. 9777: 9736: 9699:(2): e83–e93. 9676: 9625: 9573: 9532: 9506: 9457: 9426: 9397:(3): e180452. 9377: 9321: 9272: 9223: 9194:(9): 1162–73. 9174: 9158: 9132: 9080: 9044: 9000: 8974: 8923: 8892: 8856: 8833: 8789: 8748: 8713:Blood Advances 8699: 8655: 8606: 8604:, p. 22S: 3.2. 8594: 8567: 8515: 8471: 8420: 8371: 8330: 8317:(1): AV01–02. 8294: 8265:(3): 493–504. 8242: 8198: 8150: 8094: 8083:(12): 778–80. 8058: 8009: 7960: 7931: 7885: 7838: 7809:(9): 1724–38. 7786: 7740: 7705: 7651: 7602: 7550: 7519: 7470: 7418: 7377: 7336: 7295: 7268: 7225: 7184: 7147:BMC Nephrology 7133: 7114:(6): 1107–09. 7097: 7056: 7015: 6984:(7): 1963–68. 6964: 6915: 6867: 6809: 6760: 6718: 6677: 6621: 6586: 6545: 6494: 6448: 6397: 6356: 6300: 6250: 6207: 6156: 6127:(3): 1182–96. 6107: 6078:(5): 1224–30. 6058: 6007: 5956: 5902: 5851: 5810: 5767: 5723: 5677: 5642:Blood Advances 5615: 5555: 5506: 5458: 5415: 5365: 5324: 5272: 5243:(5): 1009–19. 5214: 5183: 5134: 5086: 5055:(9): 1162–73. 5035: 5014:(9): e161770. 4994: 4951: 4888:(9): 1087–92. 4868: 4827: 4784: 4747: 4695: 4664:(6): 493–507. 4644: 4588: 4547: 4496: 4434: 4383: 4332: 4283: 4234: 4203: 4152: 4103: 4060: 4039:(4): 543–603. 4014: 4003:(11): 816–20. 3980: 3926: 3877: 3838: 3795: 3768:(8142): k351. 3752: 3734:(12): 394–97. 3711: 3667: 3621: 3571: 3498: 3496:, p. 20S: 2.4. 3481: 3437: 3393: 3372:(9): 1340–47. 3347: 3285: 3241: 3206:Blood Advances 3183: 3154:(14): 244–49. 3121: 3077: 3025: 2984: 2949:Blood Advances 2928: 2899: 2809: 2747: 2681: 2619: 2592:(11): 516–24. 2550: 2549: 2547: 2544: 2542: 2541: 2532: 2523: 2514: 2505: 2492: 2483: 2462: 2450: 2441: 2424: 2414: 2405: 2396: 2379: 2345: 2343: 2340: 2307: 2304: 2293: 2290: 2253:Rudolf Virchow 2233:Rudolf Virchow 2226: 2223: 2203:Vice President 2135: 2132: 2111: 2108: 2087:mortality rate 2082: 2079: 2065: 2062: 2049: 2046: 2009: 2006: 2000: 1997: 1963: 1960: 1927: 1924: 1904: 1903: 1888: 1881: 1879: 1872: 1865: 1863: 1856: 1849: 1798: 1795: 1753:, a review of 1746: 1743: 1702: 1701: 1692: 1691: 1683: 1682: 1681: 1680: 1679: 1614: 1611: 1610: 1609: 1606: 1599: 1597: 1594: 1587: 1585: 1571: 1564: 1562: 1559: 1552: 1513: 1512: 1509: 1506: 1502: 1501: 1498: 1495: 1491: 1490: 1487: 1484: 1480: 1479: 1476: 1473: 1469: 1468: 1465: 1462: 1458: 1457: 1454: 1451: 1447: 1446: 1443: 1440: 1432: 1431: 1428: 1425: 1421: 1420: 1417: 1414: 1410: 1409: 1406: 1403: 1399: 1398: 1395: 1392: 1388: 1387: 1384: 1381: 1377: 1376: 1373: 1370: 1362: 1361: 1358: 1355: 1351: 1350: 1347: 1344: 1301: 1298: 1212:red blood cell 1145:popliteal vein 1118: 1115: 1110:thrombophilias 1058:homocystinuria 992:, which makes 986:family history 832:microparticles 795: 792: 709: 708:Classification 706: 702:varicose veins 657: 654: 653: 652: 649: 642: 640: 637: 630: 628: 621: 614: 509: 506: 438: 435: 429:combined with 403:blood thinners 340:family history 242: 241: 238: 234: 233: 212: 206: 205: 199: 195: 194: 180:anticoagulants 176: 172: 171: 149: 143: 142: 137: 131: 130: 119:family history 103: 97: 96: 90: 84: 83: 76: 70: 69: 64: 58: 57: 53: 52: 44: 43: 40: 36: 35: 27: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 12497: 12486: 12483: 12481: 12478: 12476: 12473: 12472: 12470: 12451: 12448: 12447: 12445: 12443: 12439: 12433: 12430: 12428: 12425: 12423: 12420: 12418: 12415: 12411: 12408: 12407: 12406: 12403: 12401: 12398: 12396: 12393: 12391: 12388: 12386: 12383: 12382: 12380: 12378: 12374: 12371: 12369: 12365: 12359: 12356: 12354: 12351: 12349: 12346: 12342: 12339: 12337: 12334: 12332: 12329: 12328: 12327: 12324: 12320: 12317: 12315: 12312: 12311: 12310: 12307: 12306: 12304: 12300: 12290: 12287: 12285: 12282: 12280: 12277: 12275: 12272: 12270: 12267: 12266: 12264: 12260: 12254: 12251: 12247: 12244: 12242: 12239: 12237: 12236:Caput medusae 12234: 12233: 12232: 12229: 12227: 12224: 12223: 12221: 12219: 12215: 12209: 12206: 12202: 12199: 12198: 12197: 12194: 12190: 12187: 12185: 12182: 12181: 12180: 12177: 12173: 12170: 12168: 12165: 12163: 12160: 12158: 12155: 12153: 12150: 12149: 12148: 12145: 12141: 12138: 12137: 12136: 12133: 12132: 12130: 12128: 12123: 12119: 12113: 12110: 12109: 12107: 12105: 12101: 12098: 12096: 12092: 12082: 12079: 12077: 12074: 12072: 12069: 12068: 12066: 12064: 12060: 12052: 12049: 12047: 12044: 12043: 12042: 12039: 12037: 12034: 12032: 12029: 12028: 12026: 12024: 12020: 12012: 12009: 12007: 12004: 12002: 11999: 11997: 11994: 11992: 11989: 11988: 11987: 11984: 11982: 11979: 11977: 11974: 11972: 11969: 11965: 11962: 11960: 11957: 11955: 11952: 11951: 11950: 11946: 11943: 11942: 11940: 11938: 11933: 11929: 11925: 11915: 11912: 11910: 11907: 11905: 11902: 11900: 11899:Degos disease 11897: 11895: 11892: 11891: 11889: 11885: 11879: 11876: 11874: 11871: 11870: 11868: 11866: 11862: 11854: 11851: 11849: 11846: 11844: 11841: 11839: 11836: 11834: 11831: 11829: 11826: 11825: 11824: 11821: 11819: 11816: 11815: 11810: 11807: 11805: 11802: 11800: 11797: 11795: 11792: 11790: 11787: 11786: 11785: 11782: 11781: 11779: 11777: 11773: 11770: 11768: 11764: 11758: 11755: 11751: 11748: 11747: 11746: 11743: 11742: 11740: 11738: 11734: 11731: 11729: 11724: 11720: 11716: 11711: 11704: 11699: 11697: 11692: 11690: 11685: 11684: 11681: 11668: 11664: 11663: 11659: 11657: 11653: 11652: 11648: 11646: 11642: 11641: 11637: 11636: 11633: 11629: 11622: 11618: 11617: 11613: 11611: 11607: 11606: 11602: 11600: 11596: 11595: 11591: 11587: 11585: 11581: 11577: 11576: 11572: 11568: 11566: 11562: 11561: 11557: 11553: 11552: 11549: 11544: 11540: 11531: 11527: 11522: 11517: 11513: 11509: 11505: 11501: 11497: 11492: 11488: 11482: 11479:. CRC Press. 11478: 11477: 11471: 11470: 11468: 11467: 11456: 11452: 11447: 11442: 11438: 11434: 11431:(3): 173–81. 11430: 11426: 11422: 11415: 11407: 11403: 11398: 11393: 11388: 11383: 11379: 11375: 11371: 11364: 11356: 11352: 11348: 11344: 11340: 11336: 11333:(8): 943–53. 11332: 11328: 11321: 11313: 11309: 11304: 11299: 11295: 11291: 11287: 11280: 11272: 11268: 11263: 11258: 11255:(2): 303–10. 11254: 11250: 11246: 11239: 11231: 11227: 11222: 11217: 11212: 11207: 11203: 11199: 11195: 11188: 11186: 11177: 11173: 11166: 11164: 11156: 11151: 11143: 11139: 11135: 11131: 11124: 11117: 11110: 11105: 11097: 11093: 11088: 11083: 11080:(2): 180–90. 11079: 11075: 11071: 11064: 11062: 11053: 11049: 11044: 11039: 11035: 11031: 11027: 11023: 11019: 11012: 11010: 11008: 10999: 10995: 10990: 10985: 10982:(3): 402–11. 10981: 10977: 10973: 10966: 10958: 10954: 10949: 10944: 10940: 10936: 10932: 10925: 10923: 10921: 10912: 10906: 10902: 10895: 10879: 10875: 10869: 10853: 10849: 10843: 10828: 10824: 10817: 10815: 10798: 10794: 10788: 10773: 10769: 10762: 10754: 10750: 10745: 10740: 10737:(2): 128–34. 10736: 10732: 10728: 10721: 10713: 10709: 10705: 10701: 10697: 10693: 10689: 10685: 10678: 10663: 10659: 10652: 10637: 10633: 10626: 10611: 10607: 10600: 10592: 10588: 10584: 10580: 10576: 10572: 10569:(8): 249–98. 10568: 10564: 10557: 10542: 10538: 10531: 10529: 10512: 10508: 10507:"Blood types" 10502: 10494: 10490: 10486: 10482: 10478: 10474: 10471:(2): 221–31. 10470: 10466: 10459: 10451: 10447: 10442: 10437: 10433: 10429: 10425: 10418: 10410: 10406: 10401: 10396: 10392: 10388: 10384: 10380: 10376: 10369: 10367: 10358: 10354: 10349: 10344: 10340: 10336: 10332: 10328: 10324: 10317: 10315: 10313: 10304: 10300: 10295: 10290: 10286: 10282: 10278: 10271: 10263: 10259: 10254: 10249: 10245: 10241: 10237: 10230: 10222: 10218: 10213: 10208: 10205:(4): 857–64. 10204: 10200: 10196: 10189: 10181: 10177: 10173: 10169: 10165: 10161: 10154: 10146: 10142: 10137: 10132: 10128: 10124: 10120: 10116: 10112: 10105: 10098: 10086: 10082: 10076: 10067: 10063: 10058: 10053: 10049: 10045: 10041: 10037: 10033: 10026: 10024: 10015: 10011: 10006: 10001: 9997: 9993: 9989: 9985: 9981: 9974: 9966: 9962: 9957: 9952: 9948: 9944: 9940: 9936: 9932: 9925: 9923: 9914: 9910: 9905: 9900: 9896: 9892: 9888: 9884: 9880: 9873: 9865: 9861: 9856: 9851: 9847: 9843: 9839: 9835: 9831: 9824: 9816: 9812: 9808: 9804: 9800: 9796: 9792: 9788: 9781: 9773: 9769: 9764: 9759: 9755: 9751: 9747: 9740: 9732: 9728: 9724: 9720: 9715: 9710: 9706: 9702: 9698: 9694: 9687: 9680: 9672: 9668: 9663: 9658: 9653: 9648: 9644: 9640: 9636: 9629: 9621: 9617: 9612: 9607: 9603: 9599: 9595: 9591: 9587: 9580: 9578: 9569: 9565: 9560: 9555: 9552:(5): 861–69. 9551: 9547: 9543: 9536: 9520: 9516: 9510: 9502: 9498: 9493: 9488: 9484: 9480: 9477:(4): 384–90. 9476: 9472: 9468: 9461: 9445: 9441: 9437: 9430: 9422: 9418: 9413: 9408: 9404: 9400: 9396: 9392: 9388: 9381: 9373: 9369: 9364: 9359: 9354: 9349: 9345: 9341: 9337: 9330: 9328: 9326: 9317: 9313: 9308: 9303: 9299: 9295: 9291: 9287: 9283: 9276: 9268: 9264: 9259: 9254: 9250: 9246: 9242: 9238: 9234: 9227: 9219: 9215: 9210: 9205: 9201: 9197: 9193: 9189: 9185: 9178: 9171: 9165: 9163: 9147: 9143: 9136: 9128: 9124: 9119: 9114: 9110: 9106: 9102: 9098: 9094: 9087: 9085: 9076: 9072: 9068: 9064: 9061:(2): e64–71. 9060: 9056: 9048: 9040: 9036: 9032: 9028: 9024: 9020: 9016: 9012: 9004: 8997: 8991: 8989: 8987: 8985: 8983: 8981: 8979: 8970: 8966: 8961: 8956: 8951: 8946: 8942: 8938: 8934: 8927: 8919: 8915: 8912:(7): 426–34. 8911: 8907: 8903: 8896: 8888: 8884: 8880: 8876: 8872: 8868: 8860: 8852: 8848: 8844: 8837: 8829: 8825: 8821: 8817: 8813: 8809: 8806:(8): 523–31. 8805: 8801: 8793: 8785: 8781: 8776: 8771: 8768:(3): 311–24. 8767: 8763: 8759: 8752: 8744: 8740: 8735: 8730: 8726: 8722: 8718: 8714: 8710: 8703: 8695: 8691: 8686: 8681: 8678:(4): 433–41. 8677: 8673: 8669: 8662: 8660: 8651: 8647: 8642: 8637: 8633: 8629: 8625: 8621: 8617: 8610: 8603: 8598: 8590: 8586: 8582: 8578: 8571: 8563: 8559: 8554: 8549: 8545: 8541: 8537: 8533: 8529: 8522: 8520: 8511: 8507: 8503: 8499: 8496:(2): 315–52. 8495: 8491: 8484: 8482: 8480: 8478: 8476: 8467: 8463: 8458: 8453: 8448: 8443: 8439: 8435: 8431: 8424: 8416: 8412: 8407: 8402: 8398: 8394: 8390: 8386: 8382: 8375: 8367: 8363: 8358: 8353: 8349: 8345: 8341: 8334: 8325: 8320: 8316: 8312: 8305: 8298: 8290: 8286: 8281: 8276: 8272: 8268: 8264: 8260: 8256: 8249: 8247: 8238: 8234: 8229: 8224: 8220: 8216: 8212: 8205: 8203: 8194: 8190: 8186: 8182: 8178: 8174: 8171:(2): 131–40. 8170: 8166: 8159: 8157: 8155: 8146: 8142: 8137: 8132: 8127: 8122: 8118: 8114: 8110: 8103: 8101: 8099: 8090: 8086: 8082: 8078: 8074: 8067: 8065: 8063: 8054: 8050: 8045: 8040: 8036: 8032: 8028: 8024: 8020: 8013: 8005: 8001: 7996: 7991: 7987: 7983: 7979: 7975: 7971: 7964: 7948: 7944: 7938: 7936: 7927: 7923: 7919: 7915: 7911: 7907: 7903: 7899: 7892: 7890: 7881: 7877: 7873: 7869: 7865: 7861: 7857: 7853: 7849: 7842: 7834: 7830: 7825: 7820: 7816: 7812: 7808: 7804: 7800: 7793: 7791: 7782: 7778: 7773: 7768: 7765:(6): 753–62. 7764: 7760: 7756: 7749: 7747: 7745: 7736: 7732: 7728: 7724: 7720: 7716: 7709: 7701: 7697: 7692: 7687: 7682: 7677: 7673: 7669: 7665: 7658: 7656: 7647: 7643: 7638: 7633: 7629: 7625: 7622:(2): 99–106. 7621: 7617: 7613: 7606: 7598: 7594: 7589: 7584: 7580: 7576: 7573:(3): 506–12. 7572: 7568: 7564: 7557: 7555: 7538: 7534: 7530: 7523: 7515: 7511: 7506: 7501: 7497: 7493: 7490:(7): 657–60. 7489: 7485: 7481: 7474: 7466: 7462: 7457: 7452: 7448: 7444: 7440: 7436: 7435:Blood Reviews 7432: 7425: 7423: 7414: 7410: 7405: 7400: 7396: 7392: 7388: 7381: 7373: 7369: 7364: 7359: 7356:(9): 971–81. 7355: 7351: 7347: 7340: 7332: 7328: 7323: 7318: 7315:(1): 150–55. 7314: 7310: 7306: 7299: 7291: 7287: 7283: 7279: 7272: 7264: 7260: 7256: 7252: 7248: 7244: 7240: 7236: 7229: 7221: 7217: 7212: 7207: 7204:(4): 563–71. 7203: 7199: 7195: 7188: 7180: 7176: 7171: 7166: 7161: 7156: 7152: 7148: 7144: 7137: 7129: 7125: 7121: 7117: 7113: 7109: 7101: 7093: 7089: 7084: 7079: 7075: 7071: 7067: 7060: 7052: 7048: 7043: 7038: 7034: 7030: 7026: 7019: 7011: 7007: 7002: 6997: 6992: 6987: 6983: 6979: 6978:Haematologica 6975: 6968: 6960: 6956: 6952: 6948: 6944: 6940: 6937:(5): 535–48. 6936: 6932: 6924: 6922: 6920: 6911: 6907: 6903: 6899: 6895: 6891: 6887: 6883: 6876: 6874: 6872: 6863: 6859: 6855: 6851: 6846: 6841: 6838:(4): 265–72. 6837: 6833: 6828: 6820: 6818: 6816: 6814: 6805: 6801: 6796: 6791: 6787: 6783: 6779: 6775: 6771: 6764: 6756: 6752: 6748: 6744: 6740: 6736: 6729: 6727: 6725: 6723: 6714: 6710: 6705: 6700: 6697:(8): 845–54. 6696: 6692: 6688: 6681: 6673: 6669: 6664: 6659: 6654: 6649: 6645: 6641: 6637: 6630: 6628: 6626: 6617: 6613: 6609: 6605: 6601: 6597: 6590: 6582: 6578: 6573: 6568: 6565:(4): 349–72. 6564: 6560: 6556: 6549: 6541: 6537: 6532: 6527: 6522: 6517: 6513: 6509: 6505: 6498: 6490: 6486: 6482: 6478: 6474: 6470: 6467:(2): 127–37. 6466: 6462: 6455: 6453: 6444: 6440: 6435: 6430: 6425: 6420: 6417:(3): 322–33. 6416: 6412: 6408: 6401: 6393: 6389: 6384: 6379: 6375: 6371: 6367: 6360: 6352: 6348: 6343: 6338: 6333: 6328: 6324: 6320: 6316: 6309: 6307: 6305: 6296: 6292: 6288: 6284: 6280: 6276: 6273:(2): 141–49. 6272: 6268: 6261: 6254: 6246: 6242: 6238: 6234: 6230: 6226: 6223:(2): 502–12. 6222: 6218: 6211: 6203: 6199: 6194: 6189: 6184: 6179: 6175: 6171: 6170:PLOS Medicine 6167: 6160: 6152: 6148: 6143: 6138: 6134: 6130: 6126: 6122: 6118: 6111: 6103: 6099: 6094: 6089: 6085: 6081: 6077: 6073: 6069: 6062: 6054: 6050: 6045: 6040: 6035: 6030: 6026: 6022: 6018: 6011: 6003: 5999: 5994: 5989: 5984: 5979: 5975: 5971: 5967: 5960: 5952: 5948: 5943: 5938: 5933: 5928: 5924: 5920: 5916: 5909: 5907: 5898: 5894: 5889: 5884: 5879: 5874: 5870: 5866: 5862: 5855: 5847: 5843: 5838: 5833: 5829: 5825: 5821: 5814: 5806: 5802: 5798: 5794: 5790: 5786: 5782: 5778: 5771: 5763: 5759: 5754: 5749: 5745: 5741: 5737: 5730: 5728: 5719: 5715: 5711: 5707: 5703: 5699: 5695: 5691: 5684: 5682: 5673: 5669: 5664: 5659: 5655: 5651: 5647: 5643: 5639: 5632: 5630: 5628: 5626: 5624: 5622: 5620: 5611: 5607: 5603: 5599: 5595: 5591: 5587: 5583: 5576: 5574: 5572: 5570: 5568: 5566: 5564: 5562: 5560: 5551: 5547: 5542: 5537: 5533: 5529: 5526:(2): 120–38. 5525: 5521: 5517: 5510: 5502: 5498: 5493: 5488: 5485:(6): 755–63. 5484: 5480: 5476: 5469: 5467: 5465: 5463: 5454: 5450: 5446: 5442: 5438: 5434: 5431:(7): 624–31. 5430: 5426: 5419: 5411: 5407: 5402: 5397: 5394:(6): 824–33. 5393: 5389: 5385: 5378: 5376: 5374: 5372: 5370: 5361: 5357: 5352: 5347: 5343: 5339: 5335: 5328: 5320: 5316: 5311: 5306: 5303:(3): 563–68. 5302: 5298: 5294: 5287: 5285: 5283: 5281: 5279: 5277: 5268: 5264: 5260: 5256: 5251: 5246: 5242: 5238: 5234: 5227: 5225: 5223: 5221: 5219: 5202: 5198: 5194: 5187: 5179: 5175: 5170: 5165: 5161: 5157: 5154:(2): 326–41. 5153: 5149: 5145: 5138: 5130: 5126: 5121: 5116: 5113:(5): 317–25. 5112: 5108: 5104: 5097: 5095: 5093: 5091: 5082: 5078: 5073: 5068: 5063: 5058: 5054: 5050: 5046: 5039: 5031: 5027: 5022: 5017: 5013: 5009: 5005: 4998: 4990: 4986: 4982: 4978: 4974: 4970: 4967:(5): 387–91. 4966: 4962: 4955: 4946: 4941: 4937: 4933: 4929: 4925: 4921: 4913: 4909: 4904: 4899: 4895: 4891: 4887: 4883: 4879: 4872: 4864: 4860: 4855: 4850: 4847:(5): 438–45. 4846: 4842: 4838: 4831: 4823: 4819: 4815: 4811: 4807: 4803: 4800:(1): 99–103. 4799: 4795: 4788: 4780: 4776: 4772: 4768: 4764: 4763:NIHR Evidence 4760: 4754: 4752: 4743: 4739: 4734: 4729: 4725: 4721: 4717: 4713: 4709: 4702: 4700: 4691: 4687: 4682: 4677: 4672: 4667: 4663: 4659: 4655: 4648: 4640: 4636: 4631: 4626: 4621: 4616: 4612: 4608: 4604: 4597: 4595: 4593: 4584: 4580: 4575: 4570: 4567:(3): 243–51. 4566: 4562: 4558: 4551: 4543: 4539: 4534: 4529: 4524: 4519: 4515: 4511: 4507: 4500: 4492: 4488: 4483: 4478: 4474: 4470: 4466: 4462: 4458: 4451: 4449: 4447: 4445: 4443: 4441: 4439: 4430: 4426: 4421: 4416: 4411: 4406: 4402: 4398: 4394: 4387: 4379: 4375: 4370: 4365: 4360: 4355: 4351: 4347: 4343: 4336: 4328: 4324: 4319: 4314: 4310: 4306: 4302: 4298: 4294: 4287: 4279: 4275: 4270: 4265: 4261: 4257: 4254:(4): 316–19. 4253: 4249: 4245: 4238: 4222: 4218: 4214: 4207: 4199: 4195: 4190: 4185: 4180: 4175: 4171: 4167: 4163: 4156: 4148: 4144: 4139: 4134: 4130: 4126: 4122: 4118: 4114: 4107: 4099: 4095: 4091: 4087: 4083: 4079: 4075: 4071: 4064: 4056: 4052: 4047: 4042: 4038: 4034: 4030: 4023: 4021: 4019: 4010: 4006: 4002: 3998: 3994: 3987: 3985: 3976: 3972: 3967: 3962: 3958: 3954: 3950: 3946: 3942: 3935: 3933: 3931: 3922: 3918: 3913: 3908: 3904: 3900: 3897:(5): 359–71. 3896: 3892: 3888: 3881: 3873: 3869: 3865: 3861: 3858:(4): 869–76. 3857: 3853: 3849: 3842: 3834: 3830: 3826: 3822: 3818: 3814: 3811:(1): 99–103. 3810: 3806: 3799: 3791: 3787: 3783: 3779: 3775: 3771: 3767: 3763: 3756: 3745: 3741: 3737: 3733: 3729: 3722: 3715: 3707: 3703: 3698: 3693: 3690:(3): 405–14. 3689: 3685: 3681: 3674: 3672: 3663: 3659: 3654: 3649: 3646:(3): 373–79. 3645: 3641: 3637: 3630: 3628: 3626: 3617: 3613: 3609: 3605: 3601: 3597: 3593: 3589: 3582: 3580: 3578: 3576: 3567: 3563: 3559: 3555: 3550: 3545: 3541: 3537: 3534:(5): 227–35. 3533: 3529: 3521: 3519: 3517: 3515: 3513: 3511: 3509: 3507: 3505: 3503: 3495: 3490: 3488: 3486: 3477: 3473: 3468: 3463: 3460:(6): 755–63. 3459: 3455: 3451: 3444: 3442: 3433: 3429: 3424: 3419: 3415: 3411: 3407: 3400: 3398: 3389: 3385: 3380: 3375: 3371: 3367: 3363: 3356: 3354: 3352: 3343: 3339: 3334: 3329: 3325: 3321: 3317: 3313: 3309: 3302: 3300: 3298: 3296: 3294: 3292: 3290: 3281: 3277: 3272: 3267: 3264:(1): 742–50. 3263: 3259: 3255: 3248: 3246: 3237: 3233: 3228: 3223: 3219: 3215: 3211: 3207: 3203: 3196: 3194: 3192: 3190: 3188: 3179: 3175: 3170: 3165: 3161: 3157: 3153: 3149: 3145: 3138: 3136: 3134: 3132: 3130: 3128: 3126: 3117: 3113: 3108: 3103: 3100:(5): 326–34. 3099: 3095: 3091: 3084: 3082: 3065: 3061: 3057: 3053: 3049: 3045: 3038: 3036: 3034: 3032: 3030: 3021: 3017: 3012: 3007: 3003: 2999: 2995: 2988: 2980: 2976: 2971: 2966: 2962: 2958: 2954: 2950: 2946: 2939: 2937: 2935: 2933: 2916: 2912: 2906: 2904: 2895: 2891: 2886: 2881: 2877: 2873: 2869: 2862: 2860: 2858: 2856: 2854: 2852: 2850: 2848: 2846: 2844: 2842: 2840: 2838: 2836: 2834: 2832: 2830: 2828: 2826: 2824: 2822: 2820: 2818: 2816: 2814: 2805: 2801: 2796: 2791: 2787: 2783: 2780:(8): 808–20. 2779: 2775: 2771: 2764: 2762: 2760: 2758: 2756: 2754: 2752: 2743: 2739: 2734: 2729: 2725: 2721: 2717: 2713: 2709: 2702: 2700: 2698: 2696: 2694: 2692: 2690: 2688: 2686: 2677: 2673: 2669: 2665: 2660: 2655: 2651: 2647: 2642: 2634: 2632: 2630: 2628: 2626: 2624: 2615: 2611: 2607: 2603: 2599: 2595: 2591: 2587: 2580: 2578: 2576: 2574: 2572: 2570: 2568: 2566: 2564: 2562: 2560: 2558: 2556: 2551: 2536: 2527: 2518: 2509: 2502: 2496: 2487: 2480: 2476: 2472: 2466: 2459: 2454: 2445: 2438: 2434: 2428: 2418: 2409: 2400: 2393: 2389: 2383: 2376: 2372: 2368: 2364: 2360: 2356: 2350: 2346: 2339: 2337: 2333: 2329: 2325: 2321: 2317: 2313: 2303: 2300: 2289: 2287: 2283: 2278: 2269: 2265: 2262: 2257: 2254: 2249: 2246: 2242: 2241: 2231: 2222: 2220: 2219:Jimmy Stewart 2216: 2212: 2208: 2207:Regis Philbin 2204: 2200: 2196: 2192: 2188: 2187:Richard Nixon 2183: 2180: 2176: 2172: 2168: 2163: 2161: 2157: 2153: 2152:Brian Vickers 2144: 2140: 2131: 2127: 2125: 2121: 2116: 2107: 2103: 2101: 2097: 2091: 2088: 2078: 2070: 2061: 2059: 2055: 2045: 2041: 2039: 2035: 2031: 2027: 2019: 2014: 2008:After surgery 2005: 1996: 1994: 1990: 1987:, which used 1986: 1985:JUPITER trial 1982: 1978: 1974: 1969: 1959: 1957: 1953: 1949: 1945: 1941: 1937: 1933: 1923: 1921: 1917: 1910:An IVC filter 1908: 1900: 1896: 1892: 1885: 1880: 1876: 1869: 1864: 1860: 1853: 1848: 1847: 1846: 1844: 1840: 1836: 1832: 1827: 1825: 1819: 1816: 1812: 1808: 1805:Drawbacks of 1803: 1797:Interventions 1794: 1792: 1788: 1784: 1783:tumor markers 1780: 1776: 1772: 1768: 1764: 1760: 1756: 1752: 1742: 1740: 1734: 1732: 1726: 1724: 1714: 1710: 1706: 1696: 1687: 1678: 1676: 1672: 1668: 1664: 1660: 1656: 1652: 1648: 1644: 1640: 1636: 1632: 1628: 1623: 1621: 1603: 1598: 1591: 1586: 1582: 1578: 1574: 1568: 1563: 1556: 1551: 1550: 1549: 1547: 1543: 1542:gold standard 1539: 1535: 1533: 1529: 1524: 1520: 1510: 1507: 1504: 1503: 1499: 1496: 1493: 1492: 1488: 1485: 1482: 1481: 1477: 1474: 1471: 1470: 1466: 1463: 1460: 1459: 1455: 1452: 1449: 1448: 1444: 1441: 1438: 1434: 1433: 1429: 1426: 1423: 1422: 1418: 1415: 1412: 1411: 1407: 1404: 1401: 1400: 1396: 1393: 1390: 1389: 1385: 1382: 1379: 1378: 1374: 1371: 1368: 1364: 1363: 1359: 1356: 1353: 1352: 1348: 1345: 1342: 1341: 1338: 1336: 1331: 1325: 1323: 1319: 1315: 1311: 1307: 1297: 1295: 1291: 1287: 1283: 1279: 1277: 1276:microvesicles 1273: 1269: 1268:transcription 1265: 1261: 1257: 1253: 1249: 1240: 1236: 1234: 1230: 1226: 1221: 1217: 1213: 1209: 1204: 1202: 1198: 1193: 1189: 1181: 1177: 1172: 1168: 1166: 1160: 1158: 1157:jugular veins 1154: 1150: 1146: 1141: 1139: 1135: 1131: 1123: 1114: 1111: 1105: 1103: 1099: 1095: 1091: 1087: 1083: 1079: 1075: 1071: 1068:levels, high 1067: 1063: 1059: 1055: 1051: 1046: 1044: 1040: 1036: 1032: 1028: 1023: 1019: 1015: 1011: 1007: 1003: 999: 995: 991: 987: 979: 975: 970: 966: 964: 960: 956: 952: 948: 944: 940: 936: 930: 928: 924: 920: 916: 912: 908: 904: 901:, and active 900: 896: 892: 887: 885: 881: 877: 873: 869: 865: 861: 857: 853: 849: 848:tissue factor 845: 839: 837: 833: 829: 828:immune system 825: 821: 817: 813: 812:venous stasis 809: 800: 791: 789: 784: 782: 778: 774: 770: 766: 762: 758: 754: 750: 746: 741: 738: 734: 729: 727: 724: 714: 705: 703: 699: 695: 691: 687: 683: 679: 675: 671: 667: 663: 646: 641: 634: 629: 625: 618: 613: 612: 611: 609: 605: 601: 597: 593: 589: 585: 580: 578: 574: 570: 566: 562: 557: 555: 551: 547: 543: 539: 535: 531: 527: 523: 519: 515: 505: 503: 499: 495: 491: 487: 483: 479: 475: 470: 468: 464: 460: 459:pitting edema 455: 453: 443: 434: 432: 428: 422: 420: 416: 412: 408: 404: 399: 396: 392: 388: 384: 379: 377: 373: 369: 365: 361: 357: 353: 349: 345: 341: 337: 333: 329: 325: 321: 317: 312: 310: 306: 302: 297: 295: 291: 287: 283: 279: 275: 271: 266: 264: 260: 256: 252: 248: 239: 235: 232: 228: 224: 220: 216: 213: 211: 207: 204: 200: 196: 193: 189: 185: 181: 177: 173: 169: 165: 161: 157: 153: 150: 148: 144: 141: 138: 136: 132: 128: 124: 120: 116: 112: 108: 104: 102: 98: 94: 91: 89: 88:Complications 85: 81: 77: 75: 71: 68: 65: 63: 59: 54: 50: 45: 41: 37: 32: 26: 22: 12377:Hypertension 12289:Venous ulcer 12195: 12178: 12146: 12139: 12134: 12104:Inflammation 11985: 11944: 11833:Hyperplastic 11794:Fatty streak 11737:Inflammation 11660: 11649: 11638: 11614: 11603: 11588: 11569: 11554: 11503: 11499: 11475: 11465: 11464: 11428: 11424: 11414: 11377: 11373: 11363: 11330: 11326: 11320: 11296:(1): 65–74. 11293: 11289: 11279: 11252: 11248: 11238: 11201: 11197: 11175: 11157:, p. 2. 11150: 11136:(1): 89–92. 11133: 11129: 11116: 11111:, p. 3. 11104: 11077: 11073: 11025: 11021: 10979: 10975: 10965: 10938: 10934: 10900: 10894: 10882:. Retrieved 10877: 10868: 10856:. Retrieved 10851: 10842: 10830:. Retrieved 10826: 10801:. Retrieved 10797:The Guardian 10796: 10787: 10775:. Retrieved 10771: 10761: 10734: 10730: 10720: 10690:(2): 93–95. 10687: 10683: 10677: 10665:. Retrieved 10661: 10651: 10639:. Retrieved 10635: 10625: 10613:. Retrieved 10609: 10599: 10566: 10562: 10556: 10544:. Retrieved 10540: 10515:. Retrieved 10501: 10468: 10464: 10458: 10431: 10427: 10417: 10382: 10378: 10330: 10326: 10287:(1): 69–76. 10284: 10280: 10270: 10243: 10239: 10229: 10202: 10198: 10188: 10163: 10159: 10153: 10118: 10114: 10104: 10096: 10089:. Retrieved 10075: 10039: 10035: 9987: 9983: 9973: 9938: 9934: 9886: 9882: 9872: 9837: 9833: 9823: 9790: 9786: 9780: 9753: 9749: 9739: 9696: 9692: 9679: 9642: 9638: 9628: 9593: 9589: 9549: 9545: 9535: 9523:. Retrieved 9518: 9509: 9474: 9470: 9460: 9448:. 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Retrieved 7532: 7522: 7487: 7483: 7473: 7441:(1): 17–24. 7438: 7434: 7397:(1): 11–19. 7394: 7390: 7380: 7353: 7349: 7339: 7312: 7308: 7298: 7281: 7271: 7238: 7234: 7228: 7201: 7197: 7187: 7150: 7146: 7136: 7111: 7107: 7100: 7073: 7069: 7059: 7035:(2): 53–57. 7032: 7028: 7018: 6981: 6977: 6967: 6934: 6930: 6885: 6881: 6835: 6831: 6777: 6773: 6763: 6738: 6734: 6694: 6690: 6680: 6643: 6639: 6599: 6595: 6589: 6562: 6558: 6548: 6511: 6507: 6497: 6464: 6460: 6414: 6410: 6400: 6373: 6369: 6359: 6322: 6318: 6270: 6266: 6253: 6220: 6216: 6210: 6173: 6169: 6159: 6124: 6120: 6110: 6075: 6071: 6061: 6024: 6020: 6010: 5973: 5969: 5959: 5922: 5918: 5868: 5864: 5854: 5827: 5823: 5813: 5780: 5776: 5770: 5743: 5739: 5693: 5689: 5645: 5641: 5585: 5581: 5523: 5519: 5509: 5482: 5478: 5428: 5424: 5418: 5391: 5387: 5341: 5337: 5327: 5300: 5296: 5240: 5236: 5205:. Retrieved 5196: 5186: 5151: 5147: 5137: 5110: 5106: 5052: 5048: 5038: 5011: 5008:JAMA Surgery 5007: 4997: 4964: 4960: 4954: 4930:(11): 1392. 4927: 4923: 4885: 4881: 4871: 4844: 4840: 4830: 4797: 4793: 4787: 4762: 4715: 4711: 4661: 4657: 4647: 4610: 4606: 4564: 4560: 4550: 4513: 4509: 4499: 4464: 4460: 4420:2318/1691212 4400: 4396: 4386: 4349: 4345: 4335: 4300: 4296: 4286: 4251: 4247: 4237: 4225:. Retrieved 4221:the original 4216: 4206: 4172:(1): 51–52. 4169: 4165: 4155: 4120: 4116: 4106: 4073: 4069: 4063: 4036: 4032: 4000: 3996: 3951:(2): 92–98. 3948: 3944: 3894: 3890: 3880: 3855: 3851: 3841: 3808: 3804: 3798: 3765: 3761: 3755: 3731: 3727: 3714: 3687: 3683: 3643: 3639: 3591: 3587: 3549:11343/285435 3531: 3527: 3457: 3453: 3413: 3409: 3369: 3365: 3315: 3311: 3261: 3257: 3209: 3205: 3151: 3147: 3097: 3093: 3068:. Retrieved 3064:the original 3051: 3047: 3001: 2997: 2987: 2952: 2948: 2919:. Retrieved 2914: 2875: 2871: 2777: 2773: 2715: 2711: 2649: 2645: 2589: 2585: 2535: 2526: 2517: 2508: 2495: 2486: 2465: 2458:Subsartorial 2457: 2453: 2444: 2427: 2417: 2408: 2399: 2382: 2369:), kidneys ( 2349: 2316:genetic loci 2311: 2309: 2295: 2285: 2274: 2258: 2250: 2238: 2236: 2184: 2165:Tennis star 2164: 2148: 2128: 2117: 2113: 2110:Epidemiology 2104: 2092: 2084: 2075: 2051: 2042: 2023: 2002: 1989:rosuvastatin 1965: 1932:primary care 1929: 1913: 1828: 1820: 1810: 1802:Thrombolysis 1800: 1748: 1735: 1727: 1720: 1712: 1709:fondaparinux 1704: 1667:fondaparinux 1624: 1616: 1577:femoral vein 1536: 1517:Compression 1516: 1329: 1326: 1309: 1303: 1280: 1245: 1205: 1185: 1165:pathological 1161: 1149:femoral vein 1142: 1138:fibrinolysis 1127: 1106: 1047: 1010:antithrombin 983: 963:fibrinolysis 943:Chemotherapy 931: 903:tuberculosis 888: 852:hip fracture 840: 824:inflammation 805: 785: 768: 760: 752: 745:proximal DVT 744: 742: 730: 720: 670:Baker's cyst 659: 608:right atrium 588:heart defect 581: 571:, an urgent 558: 511: 471: 462: 456: 448: 423: 400: 385:such as the 380: 360:antithrombin 318:, increased 313: 301:complication 298: 267: 250: 246: 245: 223:fondaparinux 156:Baker's cyst 101:Risk factors 25: 12442:Hypotension 11986:head / neck 11838:Cholesterol 11728:capillaries 11640:MedlinePlus 10091:10 February 9292:(1): 5–18. 9188:Circulation 8581:StatPearls 8344:Circulation 7674:(6): 2080. 7543:15 February 7282:StatPearls 6888:(1): 7–17. 6370:Circulation 5344:(1): 1–16. 5049:Circulation 4217:ACS Surgery 4076:(1): 5–14. 2718:(1): 3–14. 2215:David Bloom 2199:Dick Cheney 2096:paresthesia 1973:lose weight 1841:and staged 1635:rivaroxaban 1435:Paralysis, 1310:Wells score 1208:factor VIIa 1188:coagulation 1031:factor VIII 974:coagulation 820:endothelial 407:rivaroxaban 387:Wells score 154:, ruptured 39:Other names 12485:Hematology 12469:Categories 12358:Vasculitis 12348:Thrombosis 12309:Angiopathy 12253:Varicocele 12246:Hemorrhoid 12076:Halo nevus 11932:dissection 11723:arterioles 11662:Patient UK 11616:DiseasesDB 11380:: 451–62. 11155:Dalen 2003 11109:Dalen 2003 10884:22 January 10858:22 January 10832:22 January 10803:22 January 10777:22 January 10667:22 January 10641:22 January 10615:22 January 10546:22 January 10166:: 100–09. 9525:28 January 9450:28 January 9151:21 January 7898:Phlebology 7153:(1): 204. 6741:: 527–45. 5976:: 758010. 5690:Phlebology 4227:16 January 3258:Hematology 3070:30 January 2546:References 2365:), liver ( 2332:E-selectin 2328:P-selectin 2195:First Lady 2156:Chris Bosh 2100:leg ulcers 1962:Prevention 1944:cardiology 1940:hematology 1659:parenteral 1647:dabigatran 1613:Management 1546:venography 1478:+6 points 1464:−2 points 1375:+2 points 1318:ultrasound 1308:using the 1272:P-selectin 1130:hemostasis 1066:fibrinogen 1035:homozygous 951:postpartum 921:, primary 909:, such as 753:distal DVT 678:lymphedema 662:Cellulitis 573:fasciotomy 542:hemoptysis 538:chest pain 395:ultrasound 356:blood type 350:, and the 259:blood clot 210:Medication 175:Prevention 164:lymphedema 152:Cellulitis 140:Ultrasound 12112:Phlebitis 11853:Trans fat 11789:Foam cell 11745:Arteritis 11712:(vessels) 11651:eMedicine 10712:231803661 10610:USA Today 10517:15 August 7953:27 August 6602:: 79–83. 6514:: 37–53. 6245:220337035 5805:207452463 5267:211037046 4794:Angiology 4779:242392407 3805:Angiology 3594:(3): 16. 2921:6 January 2614:173995098 2357:), eyes ( 2324:factor XI 2292:Economics 2245:Ayurvedic 2237:The book 2179:a CT scan 2175:C-section 2171:advocated 2120:mortality 2081:Prognosis 2064:Travelers 2048:Pregnancy 1511:+1 point 1500:+1 point 1494:Male sex 1489:+1 point 1456:+1 point 1453:+1 point 1442:+1 point 1427:+1 point 1416:+1 point 1405:+1 point 1394:+1 point 1386:+1 point 1383:+1 point 1372:+1 point 1360:+1 point 1357:+1 point 1343:Criteria 1300:Diagnosis 1248:hypoxemia 1225:factor Xa 1201:monocytes 1074:factor XI 1070:factor IX 1022:protein S 1018:protein C 1006:protein S 1002:protein C 978:"cascade" 955:placental 868:catatonia 856:long bone 690:aneurysms 606:from the 550:pleuritic 522:embolizes 518:deep vein 463:see image 368:protein S 364:protein C 348:pregnancy 263:deep vein 237:Frequency 198:Treatment 62:Specialty 12326:Embolism 11928:Aneurysm 11865:Stenosis 11799:Atheroma 11750:Aortitis 11719:Arteries 11656:med/2785 11530:22315257 11455:30410646 11406:26355805 11347:19637948 11312:21222564 11271:25555319 11230:27581829 11096:18783400 11052:20739582 10998:23297815 10957:24059395 10753:23336651 10704:33534674 10662:ABC News 10591:58564402 10583:30638566 10511:Archived 10493:17552169 10485:20941456 10450:22253396 10409:30482766 10357:26654719 10333:: 3–10. 10303:31385593 10262:25173341 10221:31899848 10180:28844444 10145:33878207 10085:Archived 10066:22315261 10014:22315276 9965:30482767 9913:22315263 9864:22315265 9815:22797561 9807:22412039 9772:23396492 9731:24036108 9723:28089655 9671:25518837 9662:11127252 9620:33191841 9568:11054217 9501:27429688 9421:30646021 9372:26987584 9316:31037504 9267:31592728 9218:30586751 9127:29211671 9075:26853645 9039:21801157 9031:22172244 8969:29399524 8918:31573167 8887:26747198 8851:30303669 8828:10659607 8820:20956709 8784:21671894 8743:30482765 8694:22734929 8650:25092359 8589:29939529 8562:22315268 8510:26867832 8466:29399516 8415:16437461 8366:21422387 8289:30122174 8237:26149033 8193:34220435 8185:29310137 8145:29399531 8089:31845779 8053:24615063 8004:23537968 7926:22467822 7918:25729062 7880:58594612 7872:30634198 7833:31315434 7781:27354721 7735:19303501 7700:32197363 7646:29034034 7597:21325673 7537:Archived 7514:20351121 7465:25294122 7413:22082302 7372:32731838 7331:22160027 7290:29262230 7263:54379879 7255:15794972 7220:22076463 7198:Leukemia 7179:30115029 7128:25890452 7092:26179082 7051:26221164 7010:31582554 6951:22740183 6902:21707594 6862:23139811 6854:22473726 6804:22872710 6755:21034220 6713:29255070 6672:30918022 6616:28917273 6581:31957081 6540:28331377 6481:22648484 6443:30472725 6392:32375490 6351:29876337 6295:49606106 6287:29954011 6237:32627124 6202:32407386 6151:33217420 6102:26111103 6053:31749809 6027:: 2569. 6002:25140182 5951:29399532 5897:29435334 5846:27145936 5797:27156025 5783:: 61–5. 5762:19630821 5718:13564168 5710:22457300 5672:30482763 5610:34486553 5602:20083911 5550:21084000 5501:23531017 5453:49313388 5445:29920621 5410:20456358 5360:21116184 5319:22345594 5259:32020753 5201:Archived 5178:33733032 5129:31917402 5081:30586751 5030:27437827 4989:33536953 4981:21832920 4912:17060659 4863:20124539 4822:30043830 4814:18504268 4742:31340984 4690:28123971 4639:31258531 4613:: 1348. 4583:22959541 4542:18205917 4491:22315267 4429:30141306 4378:32431661 4327:27113791 4278:30443615 4198:29422736 4147:12997687 4090:21193462 4055:31504429 4009:29101916 3975:29872243 3921:31327867 3872:11762276 3833:30043830 3825:18504268 3782:29472180 3744:Archived 3740:20066826 3706:18031292 3662:18296592 3616:34922038 3608:28290004 3566:73433650 3558:30739331 3476:23531017 3432:29212112 3388:27126645 3342:31676865 3280:31736432 3236:33007077 3178:28446351 3116:31917405 3060:29297660 3020:25304324 2979:31794602 2894:28329262 2804:27764878 2742:26780736 2668:29257737 2606:31155730 2475:efficacy 1966:For the 1899:sequelae 1891:axillary 1655:edoxaban 1643:apixaban 1627:warfarin 1620:bleeding 1282:D-dimers 1064:, high 994:factor V 895:COVID-19 836:platelet 761:calf DVT 749:proximal 684:. Other 674:hematoma 565:gangrene 467:cyanosis 452:swelling 415:warfarin 411:apixaban 296:(VTE). 270:embolize 231:warfarin 160:hematoma 80:swelling 74:Symptoms 12147:abdomen 11828:Hyaline 11610:D020246 11521:3278060 11446:6217569 11397:4559246 11355:8966676 11221:9487211 11142:8998158 11043:3006583 10400:6258911 10348:4706477 10136:8092568 10057:3278052 10005:3278054 9956:6258928 9904:3278061 9855:3278063 9611:7763794 9492:4944794 9412:6324296 9363:4797165 9307:6514035 9258:6788761 9209:6389417 9118:5763501 8960:5778529 8734:6258922 8641:7074008 8553:3278049 8457:5778527 8406:7389637 8280:6317734 8136:5778510 8044:3948465 7995:3612268 7824:6703916 7691:7139924 7637:5579784 7588:3079895 7505:2855912 7456:4314363 7170:6097196 7042:4515342 7001:7327659 6959:5203474 6910:9305488 6795:3413580 6663:9488553 6531:5354538 6489:6925903 6434:6378375 6342:5974100 6325:: 142. 6193:7224453 6142:7670889 6093:4631038 6044:6848062 5993:4129160 5942:5778512 5888:5796503 5663:6258910 5541:3096855 5169:7938631 5072:6389417 4945:2072980 4903:1609160 4733:6651066 4681:5220209 4630:6587539 4533:2244628 4482:3278048 4369:7214694 4352:: 336. 4318:4854131 4269:6230348 4189:5793026 4138:2021962 3966:5986574 3912:6738049 3790:3454404 3333:6858581 3227:7556153 3169:5415909 2970:6963238 2795:5146955 2733:4715842 2676:3707226 2225:History 2211:Heavy D 1739:Statins 1653:), and 1437:paresis 1322:imaging 1290:plasmin 1176:jugular 949:In the 737:chronic 626:(white) 546:syncope 526:embolus 427:aspirin 419:heparin 391:D-dimer 332:obesity 274:embolus 192:aspirin 111:obesity 67:Various 11645:000156 11599:453.40 11565:BD71.4 11528: 11518: 11483: 11453: 11443: 11404: 11394: 11353: 11345: 11310: 11269: 11228: 11218: 11140: 11094: 11050: 11040: 10996: 10955: 10907: 10751: 10710: 10702: 10589: 10581: 10491: 10483: 10448: 10407: 10397: 10355: 10345: 10301: 10260: 10219: 10178: 10143: 10133: 10064: 10054: 10012: 10002: 9963: 9953: 9911: 9901: 9862: 9852: 9813: 9805: 9770: 9729: 9721: 9669: 9659: 9618: 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