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Foreign exchange controls used to be common in most countries. For instance, many western
European countries implemented exchange controls in the years immediately following World War II. The measures were gradually phased out, however, as the post-war economies on the continent steadily
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in currencies. This leads to a situation where the actual demand for foreign currency is greater than that which is available on the official market. As such, it is unclear whether governments have the ability to enact effective exchange controls.
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In France, exchange controls started after the First World War. It then reappeared between 1939 and 1967. After a very short interruption, exchange controls were restored in 1968, relaxed in 1984, and finally abolished in 1989.
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by nonresidents, or the transfers of any currency across national borders. These controls allow countries to better manage their economies by controlling the inflow and outflow of currency, which may otherwise create
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Four exchange control stamps in a South
African passport from the mid-1980s allowing the passport holder to take a particular amount of currency out of the country. Exchange controls such as these were imposed by the
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strengthened; the United
Kingdom, for example, removed the last of its restrictions in October 1979. By the 1990s, there was a trend toward free trade and globalization and
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Annual Report on
Exchange Arrangements and Exchange Restrictions 1979 - International Monetary Fund - Google Books
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Today, countries with foreign exchange controls are known as "Article 14 countries", after the provision in the
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volatility. Countries with weak and/or developing economies generally use foreign exchange controls to limit
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and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by
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are various forms of controls imposed by a government on the purchase/sale of foreign
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Other countries that formerly had exchange controls in the modern period include:
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Controls imposed by a government on the purchase/sale of foreign currencies
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981:"Russia's Capital Controls Are Designed to Aid Putin's 2024 Re-Election"
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1016:"Exchange Control Notes and Guidelines - Central Bank of the Bahamas"
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restricting the amount of currency that may be imported or exported;
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719:'s Articles of Agreement, which allows exchange controls only for "
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restricting currency exchange to government-approved exchangers;
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Often, foreign exchange controls can result in the creation of
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UK Exchange
Controls end, New York Times, 24 October 1979
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Do
Rosario, Jorgelina; Millan, Carolina (2019-10-28).
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La politique de change de la France des années 1980
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275:against their currencies. They may also introduce
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536:banning locals from possessing foreign currency;
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1127:"Exchange Control Frequently Asked Questions"
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1205:. International Monetary Fund. 2000-02-29.
64:Learn how and when to remove these messages
525:Common foreign exchange controls include:
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911:Financial transaction tax
318:Exchange-rate flexibility
256:Foreign exchange controls
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436:Bretton Woods Conference
1239:Foreign exchange market
1045:Barbados Digital Nomads
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420:Foreign exchange option
405:Non-deliverable forward
364:Foreign exchange market
201:converting this article
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482:Foreign exchange fraud
333:Floating exchange rate
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487:Currency intervention
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428:Historical agreements
410:Foreign exchange swap
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1181:. 27 September 2012
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623:- until 1979
617:- until 1987
611:- until 1994
605:- until 1990
599:- until 1995
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93:Please help
88:verification
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956:aesplus.net
833:North Korea
273:speculation
1233:Categories
1218:2013-06-14
932:References
868:Uzbekistan
813:Mozambique
700:This is a
662:improve it
260:currencies
121:newspapers
50:improve it
926:Tobin tax
916:Spahn tax
873:Venezuela
738:Argentina
666:verifying
591:Argentina
283:Rationale
249:apartheid
213:June 2014
151:June 2013
56:talk page
1185:25 March
1137:18 April
948:Archived
884:See also
878:Zimbabwe
778:Ethiopia
763:Cameroon
753:Barbados
459:See also
390:Currency
1072:11 June
863:Ukraine
858:Tunisia
828:Nigeria
818:Namibia
808:Myanmar
803:Morocco
758:Belarus
748:Bahamas
743:Armenia
728:Algeria
660:Please
603:Finland
560:History
356:Markets
135:scholar
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615:Taiwan
609:Israel
382:Assets
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788:India
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768:China
708:with
597:Egypt
194:prose
142:JSTOR
128:books
1207:ISBN
1187:2017
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1074:2019
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793:Iran
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190:list
114:news
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