544:"sendo já no fim de Iunho do anno de quinhentos & vinte, chegou huma nao que deste Reyno partio aquelle anno, capitão & piloto Pedro Eanes, Frances de alcunha: ao qual por ser homem diligente, & que sabia bem as cousas do mar, el Rey dom Manuel mandava com cartas a Diogo Lopez dobre algunas cousas de seu serviço. E entre outras cousas que el Rey mandavo a Diogo Lopez que fezesse aquelle anno , era que na mesma nao que Pedro Eanes enviasse alguna pessoa, de que elle confiasse este a ida a descobrir as ilhas do ouro, traves da ilha Çamatra, de que já atras escrevemos, por lhe muitas pessoas que andarão naquellas partes da India, darem grande esperança de se poderem descobrir. A qual ida Diogo Lopez logo ali deu a Christovão de Mendoça filho de Pero de Mendoça alcaide môr de Mourão: da viagem do qual a diante faremos menção". João de Barros,
565:
Raphael
Perstrello, & Christovão de Mendoça ali se avião de prover, & carregar de pimenta & de outras cousas pera fazerem suas viagems, & tambem o tempo não era de monção pero onde cadahum avia de ir, principalmente a Christovão de Mendoça, que era já passada: mandou a todos que ficassem ali em ajuda & favor daquella fortaleza, em quanto ella não estava em estado pera se poder defender… A qual despois que foi posta em estado que bem se podia defender: Christovão de Mendoça & Dinis Fernandez forãose pera Malaca. João de Barros,
224:
Mendoça had to provision and take on pepper and other things for their voyages, and also as the monsoon season by which they each had to go, principally
Christovão de Mendoça, had already passed, they were all ordered to stay there to assist and support the fortress, as it was not yet in a state where it could be defended… After putting the fort in a good state of defence, Christovão de Mendoça and Dinis Fernandez departed for Malacca.
287:, may have been a caravel. However, by the time that McIntyre put forward his hypotheses, the wreck had not been seen for about 90 years. While the Mahogany Ship has often been described in the Australian media as resembling a Portuguese caravel, such identifications followed, rather than preceded McIntyre's theory.
237:
of the sea and had great ability as a discoverer, besides being himself a gentleman… The weather was such that the sea swallowed the brigantine, and the ship came onto the coast ... this destruction of Diogo
Pacheco, was the first of those of us who lost their lives for the discovery of this Isle of Gold.
236:
Diogo
Pacheco came there a little before Manuel Pacheco from Malacca, and brought great information on the Isles of Gold that were generally known in India to be to the south of Sumatra. For the discovery of which Diogo Lopez ordered him to go, for he, Diogo Pacheco was most knowledgeable in matters
200:
At the end of June of the year 1520, a ship arrived that had departed the
Kingdom that year, the Captain and Pilot being Pedro Eanes, nicknamed the Frenchman, who being a diligent man and one well versed in matters of the sea, King Manuel had entrusted with letters for Diogo Lopez concerning matters
223:
And there came to the port of Pedir
Raphael Catanho and Christovão de Mendoça with his three ships for the discovery of the Isles of Gold… Antonio de Brito was still commanding there… as the construction of the fortress had taken much time, and Raphael Catanho, Raphael Perstrello, and Christovão de
607:
Diogo
Pacheco… o qual avia pouco que com Manuel Pacheco viera de Malaca, & trouxera grandes informações das ilhas do ouro, de que avia géral fama na India estarem ao Sul de Çamatra. Sobre o qual descobrimento Diogo Lopez o mãdava, por elle Diogo Pacheco ser mui experto nas cousas do mar, &
564:
E sendo tanto avante como o porto de Pedir: acharão
Raphael Catanho, & Christovão de Mendoça, com os tres navios do seu descobrimento paro as ilhas do Ouro… todavia Antonio de Brito ficou com a sua capitania… Porque como o acabamento do fortaleza avia mister muito tempo, & Raphael Catanho,
550:
Como Iorge de Brito com sua armada foi ter ao Reyno Achem, onde elle & outros capitães cõ muita gente forã mortos em hũa peleja,que teverão com o Rey da terra: e vindo seu irmão
Antonio de Brito com os nauios a Pedir onde os achou, tomou posse da capitania delles, e do mais que elle e Iorge
205:
to do that year, was to send some person in the same ship with Pedro Eanes, to who would be entrusted to go to discover the Isles of Gold beyond
Sumatra, of which we have already written above, for many persons who had gone to these parts of India had given him great hope that they could be
228:
As there is no further mention by Barros of the quest by Cristóvão de Mendonça for the Ilhas do Ouro, it is not clear whether he ever carried out this commission, or whether Barros intended to explain why it was not carried out by relating how he was diverted by the defence of Pedir.
210:
Barros promises to return to the topic of the voyage to the Isles of Gold, and subsequently does so, relating how Mendonça was diverted from the quest by the requirement to assist with the building and defence of a fort at Pedir in the territory of the Sumatran principality of Pacem
348:
Commenting on McIntyre's theory in 1984, Captain A. Ariel suggested it was extremely unlikely any sixteenth century mariner would have taken a voyage southwards down Australia's eastern coast, through uncharted dangerous waters and against prevailing winds, on the assumption
339:
Luis Felipe Thomaz, Professor of Oriental Studies at the Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Lisbon, contributed a study of the expedition of Cristóvão de Mendonça to the conference, “Portugueses na Austrália”, held at the Museu da Ciência, Coimbra, Portugal in May 2008.
176:
in India and Asia, published between 1552–1615. Barros mentions that Cristóvão de Mendonça was the son of a Pedro de Mendonça of Mourão, but his date of birth is not given. Mendonça later governed Hormuz (Ormus) as Captain-Major from 1527. He died there in 1532.
275:
that visited the east coast of Australia in 1521–24. In one of his last pieces of writing on the topic (1994), McIntyre stated that whether "the discoverer was Mendonça or some other ... certain he was Portuguese".
305:
Other Australian authors who have supported McIntyre's theory, including his suggestion of Mendonça as the likely commander of such a fleet include Lawrence Fitzgerald (1984) and Peter Trickett (2007).
31:
637:
Calcutta, Firma KLM, 1986, p.11; R.K. Dube, “Southeast Asia as the Indian El-Dorado”, in Chattopadhyaya, D. P. and Project of History of Indian Science, Philosophy, and Culture (eds.),
232:
Barros relates that prior to Mendonça being ordered to discover the Isles of Gold they had already been sought by Diogo Pacheco, whose attempt came to grief on the coast of Sumatra:
368:
suggested the claim that Cristóvão de Mendonça sailed down the east coast of Australia is sheer speculation, based on voyages about which no real details have survived.
245:) mentioned in ancient Indian literature and incorporated into Graeco-Roman geography as the Islands of Gold and Silver (Chryse and Argyre) and the Golden Chersonese (
206:
discovered. Diogo Lopez then entrusted this to Christovão de Mendoça, the son of Pero Mendoça the lord mayor of Mourão; of whose voyage we will make mention below.
320:, science journalist Peter Trickett revealed other information relating to Mendonça's life, including a fragment of stone engraved with Mendonça's name found in
757:
Luis Felipe Thomaz, "A expedição de Cristóvão de Mendonça e o descobrimento da Austrália", in Carlota Simões, Francisco Contente Domingues (coordenadores),
422:
264:
258:
812:
445:
Cristovão Alão de Morais; Eugénio de Andrea da Cunha e Freitas (1673). Alexandre António Pereira de Miranda Vasconcellos; António Cruz (eds.).
421:
Cristovão Alão de Morais; Eugénio de Andrea da Cunha e Freitas (1699). Alexandre António Pereira de Miranda Vasconcellos; António Cruz (eds.).
298:
would have exclusive rights to exploration in the Pacific. In addition, McIntyre argued, many Portuguese records were lost in the disastrous
699:
841:
866:
554:
861:
134:, captain of crossbowmen, and his wife, Brites Soares de Albergaria. Another daughter of the marriage, D. Joana, was married to
290:
McIntyre pointed out that any such Portuguese expedition would likely have remained secret, because it might have violated the
446:
510:
267:. While few surviving Portuguese documents or maps, beyond Barros, mention Mendonça, and none of these mention Australia,
792:
719:
587:
382:
663:
McIntyre, K.G. (1994) Quoted by Peter Schumpeter "Great Questions of Our Time Series; Who Discovered Australia?"
215:). Mendonça and other Portuguese captains are described as assisting with the construction of a fort at Pedir (
698:
However, a significant library of Portuguese discovery maps and documents apparently still exists in Goa. See
503:. How Portuguese adventurers discovered and mapped Australia and New Zealand 250 years before Captain Cook
700:
http://www.smh.com.au/news/opinion/the-goans-get-tough-and-mystery-remains/2007/04/13/1175971344776.html
846:
551:
d’Alboquerque passarão tè chegarem a Malaca, & acontaceo aos outros capitães que ficerão em Pacem
135:
816:
612:
Lisbon, 1563 (1628 edn.), lib.III, cap.iii, fol.60-62. See also Gabriel Ferrand, "Suvarņadvīpa", in
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Trade and Commercial Activities of Southern India in the Malayo-Indonesian World, up to A.D. 1511,
202:
377:
299:
608:
ter grande habilidade pera descobridor, alem de ser cavalleiro de sua pessoa. João de Barros,
108:
47:
291:
284:
806:
485:
Lisbon, 1563 (1628 edn.), lib.IV, cap.iii, fol.92-93; lib.V, cap.iiii, fol.112-113, 121-123.
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420:
241:
The belief in the Isles of Gold/Ilhas do Ouro derived from the legendary Suvarnadvipa and (
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494:"Christovão de Mendoça filho de Pero de Mendoça alcaide môr de Mourão". João de Barros,
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168:. Barros was one of the first great Portuguese historians, most famous for his work
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and clearly dated 1524, and a drawing that may show the 1519 fleet on its way to
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498:
Lisbon, 1563 (1628 edn.), lib.V, cap.iii, fol.92; cited in Trickett, P.(2007)
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280:
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The National Library of Australia's Gateway site on exploration of Australia
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The Secret Discovery of Australia, Portuguese ventures 200 years before Cook
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theory that Portuguese mariners visited Australia, during the 16th century
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New Delhi, Oxford University Press, 1999, Vol.1, Pt.3, C.G. Pande (ed.),
522:
333:
242:
527:
Hormuz was ruled by Portugal from 1515 to 1622 under the submission of
761:, Coimbra,Imprensa da Universidade de Coimbra, 2013, pp.59-126, p.98.
451:(in Portuguese). Vol. 4. Livraria Fernando Machado. p. 463
427:(in Portuguese). Vol. 2. Livraria Fernando Machado. p. 276
131:
785:
Was Australia charted before 1606? The Jave La Grande inscriptions.
409:
161:
86:
639:
History of Science, Philosophy and Culture in Indian Civilization,
272:
216:
142:. Cristóvão de Mendonça married D. Maria de Vilhena, daughter of
127:
360:
Writing in 2006, Associate Professor W.A.R.(Bill) Richardson of
271:(1977) hypothesized that Mendonça may have led a fleet of three
253:
Mendonça and the theory of the Portuguese discovery of Australia
532:
531:, then a Portuguese possession, before being incorporated into
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181:
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Mendonça is named by Barros as the captain of a ship that left
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328:. Trickett also connected Mendonça with the discovery of the
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212:
112:
65:
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Pedatura lusitana (nobiliário de famílias de Portugal) ...
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Pedatura lusitana (nobiliário de famílias de Portugal) ...
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was sailing westwards, in southern latitudes, against the
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Mendonça's name has featured prominently in relation to a
528:
325:
201:
of service. And among other things that the King ordered
185:
827:, by Donald F.Lach. University of Chicago Library, 1991
633:
Kuala Lumpur, 1961, pp.131-6; Himansu Bhusan Sarkar,
548:
Lisbon, 1563 (1628 edn.), lib.V, cap.iii, fol.92-93,
676:See for example; Adams, D, "Buried in the dunes…"
569:Lisbon, 1563 (1628 edn.), lib.V, cap.iii, fol.123.
188:, as having been given instructions to search for
833:
770:Ariel, A. "Navigating with Kenneth McIntyre" in
598:João de Barros quoted in Trickett, P.(2007) p.79
787:Canberra, National Library of Australia, p.39,
259:Theory of the Portuguese discovery of Australia
759:Portugueses na Austrália: as primeiras viagens
616:Paris, Imprimerie nationale, 1922, p.185-189.
470:Nobiliário das famílias de Portugal (v. VII)
150:Mendonça in João de Barros's Décadas da Ásia
146:, but there was no issue of this marriage.
29:
813:"Map 'proves' Portuguese found Australia"
160:Mendonça is known from a small number of
643:India's Interaction with Southeast Asia,
279:In particular, McIntyre suggested, the "
505:p.79 East St. Publications. Adelaide.
343:
219:), after which he proceeded to Malacca:
834:
582:, p.241-243 Souvenir Press, Menindie
119:noble and explorer who was active in
172:(Decades of Asia), a history of the
294:, under which Portugal agreed that
196:), said to lie to "beyond Sumatra":
13:
739:Trickett, P. (2007) p.180 Plate 11
614:L'empire sumatranais de Crivijaya,
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878:
842:16th-century Portuguese explorers
815:. AAP. 2007-03-21. Archived from
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748:Trickett, P. (2007) p.180 Plate 1
383:History of Australia before 1901
16:Portuguese nobleman and explorer
867:Pre-1606 contact with Australia
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283:", an unidentified wreck near
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689:McIntyre, K.G. (1977) p.42-51
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62:1532 (aged 56–57)
7:
783:Richardson, W.A.R. (2006).
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98:Brites Soares de Albergaria
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825:Asia in the Eyes of Europe
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126:Son of Diogo de Mendonça,
192:legendary Isles of Gold (
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730:Trickett, P.(2007) p.11+
523:"World Statesmen - Iran"
629:vi, 23; Paul Wheatley,
710:Fitzgerald, L (1984).
631:The Golden Khersonese,
578:McIntyre, K.G. (1977)
472:. Braga, 1989. p. 295.
378:Portuguese discoveries
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645:Chapter 6, pp.87-109.
468:GAYO, M. Filgueiras.
292:Treaty of Tordesillas
285:Warrnambool, Victoria
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123:in the 16th century.
105:Cristóvão de Mendonça
35:Cristóvam de Mendonça
23:Cristóvão de Mendonça
344:Other points of view
610:Decada III da Asia,
567:Decada III da Asia,
546:Decada III da Asia,
496:Decada III da Asia,
483:Decada III da Asia,
400:National Archives,
362:Flinders University
52:Kingdom of Portugal
847:Explorers of Asia
667:, 26 January 1994
511:978-0-9751145-9-9
314:In his 2007 book
300:Lisbon earthquake
247:Chersonesus Aurea
174:Portuguese Empire
164:sources, notably
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857:1532 deaths
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334:New Zealand
310:Recent work
203:Diogo Lopez
128:Alcaide-mor
73:Nationality
836:Categories
455:2014-02-02
431:2014-02-02
389:References
162:Portuguese
117:Portuguese
83:Occupation
77:Portuguese
302:of 1755.
111:, 1475 –
93:Parent(s)
535:in 1622.
410:Portugal
372:See also
351:Magellan
273:caravels
136:D. Jaime
87:Explorer
678:The Age
665:The Age
625:Pliny,
217:Sumatra
190:Pliny's
791:
718:
586:
533:Persia
509:
406:Lisbon
194:Chryse
182:Lisbon
138:, 4th
132:Mourão
109:Mourão
48:Mourão
296:Spain
213:Pasai
113:Ormus
66:Ormus
789:ISBN
716:ISBN
584:ISBN
507:ISBN
59:Died
44:1475
41:Born
529:Goa
332:of
326:Goa
249:).
186:Goa
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