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600:, who was preparing etchings to illustrate Scott's books, "I did not think on Craignethan in writing about Tillietudlem, and I believe it differs in several respects from my Chateau en Espagne. It is not on the Clyde in particular, and, if I recollect, the view is limited and wooded. But that can be no objection to adopting it as that which public taste has adopted as coming nearest to the ideal of the place." In the revised Magnum Edition of
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75:
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were raised to capture
Craignethan and Cadzow. By 15 May, the royal artillery was approaching, and the garrisons of Hamilton and Craignethan offered to surrender on terms. The king's forces refused. The "House of Hamilton" surrendered on 19 May. The garrison of Craignethan abandoned the castle in the night.
604:, published in 1830, Scott added a footnote: "The Castle of Tillietudlem is imaginary; but the ruins of Craignethan Castle, situated on the Nethan, about three miles from its junction with the Clyde, have something of the character of the description in the text". In September 1834 Scott's son in law
517:
Of the towers, the south-east was the largest, and is the only one still standing. Known as the "Kitchen Tower", it may in fact have housed the chapel. It is of three storeys, the lowest a subterranean vaulted chamber. Gunloops in the upper parts overlook the eastern approaches to the castle. Each of
504:
overlooks from the west wall. The hall ceiling was a stone vault, and the room fills the whole height of the keep. North of the internal wall was the kitchen, and a private room. Above these, within the height of the keep, were two additional rooms accessed from below. Another four rooms were located
495:
guard the door. Inside, the keep differs from the usual tower house layout in several ways. The entrance leads into a large stair lobby on the main hall floor, which was more commonly located on the first floor. Below this level are subterranean vaulted cellars containing four rooms, a prison, and a
513:
The inner courtyard measures 49 by 25 metres (161 by 82 ft), with walls strengthened by rectangular towers at each corner. The entrance was via a dog-leg passage through a gate tower midway along the north wall. The west wall was designed to stand up to artillery bombardment, and was up to 5m
287:
in
England, and had surrendered Hamilton by the end of November 1565, when he promised to put Craignethan in the queen's hands. Several members of the family and their retainers (including Thomas Broun of Draffen) were forgiven on 2 January 1566 for holding the castles of "Hammiltoun and Draffen",
382:
A treaty was signed between the King and Queen's parties in 1573, but by 1579 the
Hamiltons were outlawed, and Lord Claud fled to France. The pretext was the killings of Regent Moray and Regent Lennox, and the Hamilton family prepared Hamilton, "Draffan", and Paisley for defence. Levies of troops
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The outer court was less heavily defended than the inner, and was added in the 1540s by the 2nd Earl of Arran. The court would have had service buildings around the perimeter, and possible gardens at the centre. There are towers at the two western corners, the north-west including a dovecot. The
627:
line. An 1880 tour guide description of an excursion "To the Falls of Clyde, Tillietudlem Castle, &c," says the station "is but a short walk from the castle". A small group of houses were constructed on the road past the station, as Fence
Terrace, and this subsequently became the hamlet of
526:
was uncovered, a highly unusual feature in a
Scottish castle. The caponier was accessed from the south-west tower, and comprised an enclosed tunnel with gunports overlooking the ditch, allowing the defenders to fire on any attackers attempting to cross or bridge the ditch. The only other known
465:
Craignethan is built on an imposing site above a bend in the River Nethan. Steep slopes protect the castle on the south, north and east sides, but the castle is actually overlooked by higher ground to the west, making it far more vulnerable than it appears. Craignethan's defences are therefore
595:
Castle. Chapter XI describes the location: "All heads were now bent from the battlements of the turret, which commanded a distant prospect down the vale of the river. The Tower of
Tillietudlem stood, or perhaps yet stands, upon the angle of a very precipitous bank, formed by the junction of a
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The keep is divided internally by a wall running west to east. South of this wall on the ground floor is the hall, measuring 6m by 12m. The hall was accessed from the entrance lobby to the west, and was lit by three large windows. A fireplace stood in the internal wall, and a
582:, and on a morning excursion to Craignethan Castle was so enraptured by the scene that his hosts offered him lifetime use of Andrew Hay's dwelling. He did not immediately turn this option down, but later circumstances prevented him from making this area his summer residence.
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The defences of the original castle were completed by a ditch, 3.5m deep and 9m wide, at the base of the west wall. This ditch, originally crossed via a drawbridge, was filled in when the castle was slighted, and not re-excavated until the 1960s. In the base of the ditch a
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thick. It was destroyed in the late 16th century, and only the foundations remain. It is thought that the west wall was as high as the relatively low keep, and that this arrangement would have protected the keep from bombardment from the higher ground to the west.
251:
Despite his earlier Royal favour, Hamilton was executed for treason in 1540, and his properties were forfeit to the crown. James V installed a garrison at
Craignethan led by James and David Orrok. Silverwork from the chapel was taken to Edinburgh and engraved by
307:, ended in defeat, and Mary was forced to flee to England. Craignethan and Cadzow were surrendered again, Moray came in person to the castle to receive the keys on 15 May 1568. Lord Claud attempted to recover the castle by force in October, and his brother
490:
The rectangular keep measures 21m by 16m, and was originally of two storeys plus an attic. Attic and roof are now gone, but the walls are complete up to decorative corbels which supported a parapet walk. Round bartizans top each corner, and
544:
south-west tower was incorporated into Andrew Hay's House, the two storey dwelling built here by Andrew Hay in 1665. Gunloops are located along the west wall, which contains the main gate halfway along.
409:". This involved the demolition of the north-west tower and the massive west wall, the 'inner barmkin', which was tumbled into the ditch, rendering the castle relatively defenceless. On 1 July 1592
217:. Built in the first half of the 16th century, Craignethan is recognised as an excellent early example of a sophisticated artillery fortification, although its defences were never fully tested.
240:
James
Hamilton of Finnart had travelled in Europe, and had become an accomplished architect and military engineer. Appointed Kings Master of Works, he was responsible for the defences at
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This story is questioned by
Lindsay (1986), p. 164, who suggests that an alternative tale placing Mary at Castlemilk on the eve of the battle, is "topographically more plausible".
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concentrated towards the west. The castle comprises a low central keep, within a rectangular walled courtyard. To the west is a deep ditch and beyond, a larger outer courtyard.
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in 1659. The new owner, Andrew Hay, a covenanting laird, built himself a two-storey house in the south-west corner of the outer courtyard. In 1730 Craignethan was sold to
1006:
Mason states that Scott denied the connection, although
Lindsay (1985) reports that Scott considered buying and renovating Craignethan as an alternative residence to
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to visit Craignethan. Turner made a sketch of the castle from the north, seen across the Nethan Gorge, then made several drawings in and around the ruins.
449:, and the ruins were stabilised by the 12th earl in the late 19th century. The property was given into state care by the 14th Earl in 1949, and is now a
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366:. This expedition was postponed. There were allegations that the Craignethan garrison had destroyed crops and produce on lands of Lemphlair and
67:
398:. Six soldiers of the Hamilton family who had defended the Hamilton strongholds were taken to stand trial for Moray's murder at Stirling.
267:, regained Craignethan Castle two years later. The second earl added a large outer courtyard to the west of the castle. Arran, who became
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334:"Draffin, a strong house of the Duke's, but situate in a hole, so that it is commanded on every part, and has no ordnance."
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915:, vol. 3 (Edinburgh, 1887), p. 189: Order given by Council to James Hamilton to proceed, July 1580 (e.g., NAS E22/4 f45v.)
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275:' marriage to the French Dauphin, served as regent in her infancy. However, he later opposed Mary's second marriage to
394:, who had been confined at Craignethan since 1575, their younger brother David, and mother were captured and taken to
248:. At Craignethan, he set out to build a "showcase" to display his talents in both domestic and military architecture.
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390:, Craignethan surrendered to government forces on 18 May 1579, and Cadzow on the next day. Claud's older brother the
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was hoping to get the Hamiltons out of their "den of Draffen". Lennox planned to go to Clydesdale with the Earls of
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now a King's man was captured and imprisoned in the castle. In August, the English ambassador in Scotland,
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the four towers had space for storage and service areas, as well as additional accommodation for guests.
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Due to the association with Scott's novel, Craignethan castle became a popular place to visit. In 1876
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until their forfeiture in 1455. The land was granted to the Hamilton family, and in 1530 was given by
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Lanarkshire Sheet XXIV.SE - Ordnance Survey Maps Six-inch 2nd and later editions, Scotland, 1892-1960
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The situation was reversed once more following Mary's abdication, when Arran aided her escape from
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in the attic. The roof was a double gable, the central valley supported by the internal wall.
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Feuding continued between the Hamiltons and the opponents of Mary. In 1570, Moray was shot in
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began to starve out Moray's soldiers in November. The Hamiltons regained the castle by March.
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Lanarkshire, Sheet XXIV - OS Six-inch 1st edition, 1843-1882 - National Library of Scotland
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Illustrated guide to and popular history of, Loch Lomond, the Trosachs, Loch Katrine, etc.
8:
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writes that "Craignethan was the last private castle of high defensive capability built
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The barony of Draffane, in which Craignethan was located, was a property of the
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went to Glasgow in May 1570 the Hamiltons withdrew to Craignethan, and the
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well. Access was from the main entrance lobby or direct from the kitchen.
299:, is said to have entertained Mary at Craignethan on the night before the
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in Scotland", comparing it to the contemporary remodelings undertaken at
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considerable brook with the Clyde." In June 1829 he wrote to his friend
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belonging to the Lairds of Cunninghamhead and Glenbervie, and captured
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1113:, 'Craignethan Castle', in Apted, Gilyard-Beer & Saunders ed.,
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978:. Oxford : Oxford University Press. pp. xlii, 139, 465, 488.
974:
Davidson, Peter N.; Scott, Walter Sidney; Stevenson, Jane (1993).
445:. The property passed to his supposed collateral descendants, the
303:
in 1568. The battle, at which the Hamiltons fought the forces of
1148:
739:'Scottish Itinerary of Mary Queen of Scots, 1542-8 and 1561-8',
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184:
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The Journal of Sir Walter Scott by Sir Walter Scott: June 1829
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Journal of the Transactions in Scotland, by Richard Bannatyne
279:, and was forced to surrender his castles at Craignethan and
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Craignethan was regained by the Hamiltons, but was sold by
940:
Ian MacIvor, "Craignethan Castle", 1978, Edinburgh, HMSO.
846:, vol. 3 (Edinburgh, 1902), pp. 454 no. 595, 464 no. 608.
834:, vol. 3 (Edinburgh, 1902), pp. 191 no. 263, 301 no. 404.
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McKean, Charles, 'The Castle of the Bastard of Arran',
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Buildings and structures completed in the 16th century
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was informed of Craignethan's defensive shortcomings;
591:, published in 1816, was largely set in and around
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644:See Tabraham (1997) p.102, and Mason (2000) p.94.
425:and imprisoned them in the castle. James VI sent
209:. The castle is two miles west of the village of
1315:Scheduled Ancient Monuments in South Lanarkshire
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728:, vol. 5:2 (Edinburgh, 1957), pp. 12-4 no. 2523.
1330:16th-century architecture in the United Kingdom
256:with the arms of the king's infant eldest son,
967:
956:, vol. II, Edinburgh: T. and A. Constable
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1062:, Ward, Lock and Company, Ltd., London, 1880
899:, vol. 5 (Edinburgh, 1907), p. 338 no. 410.
886:, vol. 5 (Edinburgh, 1907), p. 338 no. 410.
859:, vol. 5 (Edinburgh, 1907), p. 337 no. 408.
806:, vol. 3 (Edinburgh, 1902), p. 182 no. 250.
715:, vol. 2 (Edinburgh, 1900), p. 243 no. 312.
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1115:Ancient Monuments and their Interpretation
263:The Hamilton family, in the person of the
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897:Calendar State Papers Scotland, 1574-1581
857:Calendar State Papers Scotland, 1574-1581
322:. After an English army assisting in the
1320:Reportedly haunted locations in Scotland
931:, vol. 5 (Edinburgh, 1844), pp. 169-170.
724:James Beveridge & Gordon Donaldson,
244:, as well as the renaissance facades of
702:, vol. 8 (Edinburgh, 1908), pp. 109-10.
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527:surviving caponiers in Scotland are at
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726:Register of the Privy Seal of Scotland
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1138:, BT Batsford/Historic Scotland, 1997
1089:The Castles of Scotland (3rd Edition)
1122:The Castles of Glasgow and the Clyde
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647:
401:By royal authority, Craignethan was
1048:, survey date 1858, published 1864.
992:Gutenberg online edition chapter XI
777:, vol. 2 (Edinburgh, 1900), p. 516.
689:, vol. 7 (Edinburgh, 1907), p. 397.
676:, vol. 7 (Edinburgh, 1907), p. 393.
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1129:The Castles of South West Scotland
871:Memoirs of the Affairs of Scotland
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443:Archibald Douglas, Duke of Douglas
417:with other rebel followers of the
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789:, vol. 1 (London, 1883), p. 374:
743:, 117 (1987), microfiche, scanned
713:Calendar of State Papers Scotland
231:James Hamilton, 1st Earl of Arran
87:Location within South Lanarkshire
793:, vol. 2 (Edinburgh, 1900), 630.
765:, vol. 2 (Edinburgh, 1900), 407.
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405:by "young Sir James Hamilton of
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56:View of the castle from the west
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913:Register of the Privy Council
455:Historic Environment Scotland
415:Archibald Wauchope of Niddrie
142:Historic Environment Scotland
1310:Castles in South Lanarkshire
1198:Castles in South Lanarkshire
953:The Life of Sir Walter Scott
617:Tillietudlem railway station
31:Crossford, South Lanarkshire
16:16th century Scottish Castle
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873:(Edinburgh, 1830), pp. 21-2
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1325:Ruined castles in Scotland
1131:, Folly Publications, 1993
1098:, Constable & Co. 1986
822:(Edinburgh, 1806), p. 526.
560:Craignethan Castle in 2018
451:Scheduled Ancient Monument
362:, bringing artillery from
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195:. It is located above the
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700:Accounts of the Treasurer
687:Accounts of the Treasurer
674:Accounts of the Treasurer
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1163:- Gazetteer for Scotland
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1096:The Castles of Scotland
950:Lockhart, John Gibson,
619:was constructed on the
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258:James, Duke of Rothesay
787:HMC Salisbury Hatfield
580:Archibald Lord Douglas
570:In the Autumn of 1799
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802:Boyd, William, ed.,
698:James Balfour Paul,
685:James Balfour Paul,
606:John Gibson Lockhart
273:Mary, Queen of Scots
269:Duc de Châtellerault
117:55.69656°N 3.88532°W
1249:Gilbertfield Castle
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1091:, Goblinshead, 2001
929:History of the Kirk
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297:Lord Claud Hamilton
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411:Lord John Hamilton
338:In the same month
301:Battle of Langside
181:Craignethan Castle
122:55.69656; -3.88532
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1173:
1172:
1169:
1162:
1159:
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1151:
1147:
1146:
1137:
1133:
1130:
1127:Salter, Mike
1126:
1123:
1119:
1116:
1112:
1111:MacIvor, Iain
1109:
1107:
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1097:
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1090:
1086:
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1073:
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1027:
1023:
1016:
1009:
1003:
997:
993:
987:
985:0-19-282630-1
981:
977:
976:Old mortality
970:
955:
954:
946:
937:
930:
926:
921:
914:
910:
905:
898:
892:
885:
880:
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865:
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852:
845:
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828:
821:
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805:
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792:
788:
783:
776:
771:
764:
759:
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744:
742:
734:
727:
721:
714:
711:Joseph Bain,
708:
701:
695:
688:
682:
675:
671:
666:
657:
655:
653:
651:
641:
637:
629:
626:
622:
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613:
611:
607:
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602:Old Mortality
599:
594:
590:
589:
588:Old Mortality
583:
581:
577:
573:
558:
552:
545:
536:
534:
530:
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519:
515:
506:
503:
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483:
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477:
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469:
458:
456:
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448:
447:Earls of Home
444:
440:
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404:
399:
397:
393:
389:
386:According to
384:
375:
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348:Regent Lennox
345:
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161:Built by
159:
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131:
126:
98:
94:
69:
60:
53:
48:
44:
32:
27:
22:
19:
1264:Mains Castle
1244:Farme Castle
1223:
1135:
1128:
1121:
1114:
1103:
1095:
1088:
1067:
1058:
1053:
1041:
1029:. Retrieved
1015:
1002:
975:
969:
958:, retrieved
952:
945:
936:
928:
920:
912:
909:David Masson
904:
896:
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883:
879:
870:
864:
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843:
839:
831:
827:
819:
811:
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791:CSP Scotland
790:
786:
782:
774:
770:
762:
758:
749:
740:
733:
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707:
699:
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593:Tillietudlem
586:
584:
572:Walter Scott
569:
566:Walter Scott
542:
520:
516:
512:
498:
489:
471:
468:Iain MacIvor
464:
461:Architecture
439:Duchess Anne
436:
400:
388:David Moysie
385:
381:
372:Lord Sempill
340:Lord Sempill
337:
333:
313:
305:Regent Moray
290:
277:Lord Darnley
262:
250:
239:
224:
197:River Nethan
183:is a ruined
180:
179:
156:16th century
148:Site history
18:
598:James Skene
539:Outer court
453:managed by
433:Later years
346:heard that
254:John Mosman
201:River Clyde
120: /
96:Coordinates
1299:Categories
1259:Lee Castle
1082:References
1008:Abbotsford
423:Lesmahagow
396:Linlithgow
316:Linlithgow
271:following
105:55°41′48″N
413:captured
407:Libberton
368:Braidwood
356:Glencairn
309:Lord John
285:Newcastle
211:Crossford
171:Materials
108:3°53′07″W
574:visited
524:caponier
403:slighted
206:NS816464
193:Scotland
43:Scotland
33:in
1074:, 1898.
472:de novo
221:History
1031:7 June
982:
960:7 June
358:, and
281:Cadzow
215:Lanark
185:castle
40:
632:Notes
203:, at
174:Stone
153:Built
138:Owner
1104:PSAS
1033:2013
1026:Tate
980:ISBN
962:2013
741:PSAS
486:Keep
478:and
354:and
352:Mar
318:by
187:in
1301::
1152:.
1024:.
994:,
990:,
927:,
911:,
818:,
672:,
649:^
535:.
482:.
457:.
374:.
237:.
191:,
1190:e
1183:t
1176:v
1156:.
1035:.
1010:.
988:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
