279:
coyote's genepool, while 26% is contributed by a cluster of both eastern wolves and western gray wolves. The remaining 64% matched mostly with coyotes. This analysis suggested that prior to the uniformity of its modern-day genetic makeup, multiple swarms of genetic exchanges between the coyotes, feral dogs, and the two distinct wolf populations present in the Great Lakes region may have occurred. Urban environments often favor coyote genes, while the ones in the rural and deep forest areas maintain higher levels of wolf content. A 2016 meta-analysis of 25 genetics studies from 1995 to 2013 found that the northeastern coywolf is 60% western coyote, 30% eastern wolf, and 10% domestic dog. However, this hybrid canid is only now coming into contact with the southern wave of coyote migration into the southern United States.
1882:
264:. This susceptibility to hybridization led to the eastern wolf being listed as Special Concern under the Canadian Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife and with the Committee on the Status of Species at Risk in Ontario. By 2001, protection was extended to eastern wolves occurring on the outskirts of the park, thus no longer depriving Park eastern wolves of future pure-blooded mates. By 2012, the genetic composition of the park's eastern wolves was roughly restored to what it was in the mid-1960s, rather than in the 1980s–1990s, when the majority of wolves had large amounts of coyote DNA.
174:
448:
253:. Coyotes and wolves hybridized in the Great Lakes region, followed by an eastern coyote expansion, creating the largest mammalian hybrid zone known. Extensive hunting of gray wolves over a period of 400 years caused a population decline that reduced the number of suitable mates, thus facilitating coyote genes swamping into the eastern wolf population. This has caused concern over the purity of remaining wolves in the area, and the resulting eastern coyotes are too small to substitute for pure wolves as
143:
Despite being delivered by a female coyote, the hybrid pups at birth were much larger and heavier than regular coyote pups born and measured around the same time. At six months of age, these hybrids were closely monitored at the
Wildlife Science Center. Executive Director Peggy Callahan at the facility states that the howls of these hybrids are said to start off much like regular gray wolves with a deep strong vocalization, but changes partway into a coyote-like high pitched yipping.
288:
275:) influences in their gene pool. This suggests that the eastern coyote is actually a four-in-one hybrid of coyotes, eastern wolves, western gray wolves, and dogs. The hybrids living in areas with higher white-tailed deer density often have higher degrees of wolf genes than those living in urban environments. The addition of domestic dog genes may have played a minor role in facilitating the eastern hybrids' adaptability to survive in human-developed areas.
371:
33:
1896:
347:
hybridizations with coyotes, exceptional genetic exchanges with the Texan coyotes may have occurred among individual gray wolves from historical remnants before the population was completely extirpated in Texas. The resulting hybrids would later on melt back into the coyote populations as the wolves disappeared.
317:
A comprehensive review in 2012 further argued that the study's dog samples were unrepresentative of the species' global diversity, having been limited to boxers and poodles, and that the red wolf samples came from modern rather than historical specimens. The review was itself criticized by a panel of
438:
hybrids all have an intestinal microbiome distinct from both parent species, but which was once reported to be present in some gray wolves. Moreover, analysis of their complementary DNA and ribosomal RNA revealed that the hybrids have very differential gene expressions compared to those in gray wolf
350:
The same study discussed an alternative possibility that the red wolves, which also once overlapped with both species in central Texas, were involved in circuiting the gene flows between the coyotes and gray wolves, much like how the eastern wolf is suspected to have bridged gene flows between gray
346:
from Texas, a few coyote genetic markers have been found in the historical samples of some isolated
Mexican wolf individuals. Likewise, gray wolf Y chromosomes have also been found in a few individual male Texan coyotes. This study suggested that although the Mexican wolf is generally less prone to
465:
Hybrids between coyotes and domestic dogs have been bred in captivity, dating to pre-Columbian Mexico. Other specimens were later produced by mammal biologists mostly for research purposes. Domestic dogs are included in the gray wolf species. Hence, coydogs are another biological sub-variation of
399:
The six resulting hybrids included four males and two females. At six months of age, the hybrids were closely monitored and were shown to display both physical and behavioral characteristics from both species, as well as some physical similarities to the eastern wolves, whose status as a distinct
395:
of western coyotes. Aside from the historical hybridizations between coyotes and the smaller
Mexican wolves in the south, as well as with eastern wolves and red wolves, gray wolves from the northwestern US and western provinces of Canada were not known to interbreed with coyotes in the wild, thus
386:
In 2013, the U.S. Department of
Agriculture Wildlife Services conducted a captive-breeding experiment at their National Wildlife Research Center Predator Research Facility in Logan, Utah. Using gray wolves from British Columbia and western coyotes, they produced six hybrids, making this the first
313:
in red wolves, eastern wolves, gray wolves, and dogs indicated that the red and eastern wolves were hybrid species, with the red wolf being 76% coyote and 20% gray wolf, and the eastern wolf being 58% gray wolf and 42% coyote, finding no evidence of being distinct species in either. The study was
278:
The four-in-one hybrid theory was further explored in 2014, when MonzĂłn and his team reanalyzed the tissue and SNP samples taken from 425 eastern coyotes to determine the degree of wolf and dog introgressions involved in each geographic range. The domestic dog allele averages 10% of the eastern
142:
hybrid pups from a male northwestern gray wolf and a female coyote were measured shortly after birth with an average on their weights, total lengths, head lengths, body lengths, hind foot lengths, shoulder circumferences, and head circumferences compared with those on pure coyote pups at birth.
329:
DNA study suggested that all of the North
American canids, both wolves and coyotes, diverged from a common ancestor 6,000–117,000 years ago. The whole-genome sequence analysis shows that two endemic species of North American wolf, the red wolf and eastern wolf, are
400:
wolf species or as a genetically distinct subspecies of the gray wolf is controversial. Regardless, the result of this experiment concluded that northwestern wolves, much like many other canids, are capable of hybridizing with coyotes.
1522:
411:'s successful delivery from the same coyote, they were not all full siblings because multiple sperm from eight different northwestern wolves were used in their production. The successful production of the F
804:
137:
Hybrids of any combination tend to be larger than coyotes but smaller than wolves; they show behaviors intermediate between coyotes and the other parent's species. In one captive hybrid experiment, six
104:
relatively recently (around 55,000–117,000 years ago). Genomic studies indicate that nearly all North
American gray wolf populations possess some degree of admixture with coyotes following a geographic
267:
Aside from the combinations of coyotes and eastern wolves making up most of the modern day eastern coyote's gene pools, some of the coyotes in the northeastern United States have mild domestic dog (
306:
regions, respectively, has been long debated, with various schools of thought advocating that they represent either unique species or results of varying degrees of gray wolf Ă— coyote admixture.
865:
1579:
391:. The experiment, which used artificial insemination, was intended to determine whether or not the sperm of the larger gray wolves in the west was capable of fertilizing the
1530:
969:
Vonholdt, Bridgett M.; Kays, Roland; Pollinger, John P.; Wayne, Robert K. (2016). "Admixture mapping identifies introgressed genomic regions in North
American canids".
322:, which noted that the study's conclusion that the eastern wolf was a full species was based on insufficient evidence — just two unique nonrecombining markers.
1837:
415:
litter, nonetheless, confirmed that hybrids of coyotes and northwestern wolves are just as fertile as hybrids of coyotes to eastern and red wolves. Both the F
314:
criticized for having used red wolves with recent coyote ancestry, and a reanalysis in 2012 indicated that it suffered from insufficient sampling.
1130:
1552:
725:
939:
853:
1590:
1160:
362:
showed that it was a coyote, though subsequent tests revealed that it was a coyote Ă— gray wolf hybrid sired by a male
Mexican wolf.
1929:
1380:"Whole-genome sequence analysis shows that two endemic species of North American wolf are admixtures of the coyote and gray wolf"
560:"Whole-genome sequence analysis shows that two endemic species of North American wolf are admixtures of the coyote and gray wolf"
558:
vonHoldt, B. M.; Cahill, J. A.; Fan, Z.; Gronau, I.; Robinson, J.; Pollinger, J. P.; Shapiro, B.; Wall, J.; Wayne, R. K. (2016).
150:
hybrids form more cooperative social groups and are generally less aggressive with each other while playing. Hybrids also reach
1704:
Adams, J.R.; Kelly, B.T.; Waits, L.P. (2003). "Using faecal DNA sampling and GIS to monitor hybridization between red wolves (
351:
wolves and coyotes in the Great Lakes region, since direct hybridizations between coyotes and gray wolves is considered rare.
763:
1774:
Wayne, R.K.; Jenks, S.M. (1991). "Mitochondrial DNA analysis implying extensive hybridization of the endangered red wolf
403:
In 2015, a research team from the cell and microbiology department of Anoka-Ramsey
Community College revealed that an F
1580:"13. Dog-wolf Hybrid Biotype Reconstruction from the Archaeological City of Teotihuacan in Prehispanic Central Mexico"
1258:
1845:
1615:
878:
310:
749:
703:
423:
hybrids were found to be phenotypically intermediate between the western gray wolves and coyotes. Unlike the F
2423:
342:
In a study that analyzed the molecular genetics of coyotes, as well as samples of historical red wolves and
1922:
1644:
Anderson, T.M.; Vonholdt, B.M.; Candille, S.I.; Musiani, M.; Greco, C.; Stahler, D.R.; et al. (2009).
740:
Bekoff, M. (1978). "Behavioral
Development in Coyotes and Eastern Coyotes", pp. 97–124 in M. Bekoff, (ed.)
1361:
407:
litter of two pups had been produced from two of the original hybrids. At the same time, despite the six F
889:
1378:
von Holdt, B.M.; Cahill, J. A.; Fan, Z.; Gronau, I.; Robinson, J.; Pollinger, J.P.; et al. (2016).
1587:
9th ICAZ Conference, Durham 2002: Dogs and People in Social, Working, Economic, or Symbolic Interaction
1138:
299:
1523:"Texas State University researcher helps unravel mystery of Texas 'blue dog' claimed to be Chupacabra"
2383:
1881:
918:
261:
250:
17:
1556:
2418:
2388:
1915:
1862:
947:
326:
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hybrids between coyotes and gray wolves - the dog being considered a domesticated subspecies of
2446:
2310:
2283:
910:
829:
359:
44:
2188:
2095:
2007:
1329:"An account of the taxonomy of North American wolves from morphological and genetic analyses"
680:
173:
1823:
1175:
2080:
1938:
1787:
1721:
1657:
1577:
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1391:
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978:
633:
571:
246:
8:
2363:
1791:
1725:
1661:
1479:
1395:
1040:
982:
637:
575:
434:
The study also discovered through sequencing 16S ribosomal RNA encoding genes that the F
1828:
1803:
1745:
1678:
1645:
1498:
1459:
1412:
1379:
1362:"Review of Proposed Rule Regarding Status of the Wolf Under the Endangered Species Act"
1304:
1275:
1226:
1201:
1106:
1081:
1057:
1024:
1002:
786:
707:
656:
621:
592:
559:
101:
1737:
1733:
1683:
1503:
1417:
1309:
1276:"RAD sequencing and genomic simulations resolve hybrid origins within North American
1274:
Rutledge, L. Y; Devillard, S; Boone, J. Q; Hohenlohe, P. A; White, B. N (July 2015).
1254:
1231:
1202:"A genome-wide perspective on the evolutionary history of enigmatic wolf-like canids"
1111:
1062:
994:
745:
661:
597:
540:
536:
499:
388:
331:
1749:
1082:"Assessment of coyote-wolf-dog admixture using ancestry-informative diagnostic SNPs"
1006:
841:
711:
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1807:
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1729:
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1493:
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587:
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489:
447:
198:
790:
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2343:
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2125:
1488:
646:
151:
122:
106:
620:
Mech, L. D.; Christensen, B. W.; Asa, C. S.; Callahan, M.; Young, J. K. (2014).
100:; they therefore can interbreed. One genetic study indicates that these species
2399:
2090:
1987:
1901:
178:
168:
147:
1646:"Molecular and evolutionary history of melanism in North American gray wolves"
154:
when they are two years old, which is much later than occurs in pure coyotes.
2440:
2258:
2183:
2164:
2037:
1435:
Morell, Virginia (2016). "How do you save a wolf that's not really a wolf?".
1025:"Intense harvesting of eastern wolves facilitated hybridization with coyotes"
254:
238:
214:
182:
1669:
1444:
2408:
2335:
2253:
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2173:
2145:
2065:
2042:
1982:
1741:
1687:
1507:
1421:
1403:
1313:
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1235:
1115:
1066:
998:
830:
Update on Coy Wolf sightings in Ohio – Ohio Ag Net | Ohio's Country Journal
665:
601:
583:
479:
343:
206:
67:
55:
1327:
Chambers, Steven M.; Fain, Steven R.; Fazio, Bud; Amaral, Michael (2012).
1217:
544:
318:
scientists selected for an independent peer review of its findings by the
2354:
2100:
2017:
1887:
1345:
1328:
782:
354:
In tests performed on a stuffed carcass of what was initially labelled a
303:
260:
The main nucleus of pure eastern wolves is currently concentrated within
242:
194:
1853:
764:"Genetic characterization of Eastern "Coyotes" in eastern Massachusetts"
761:
287:
2325:
2243:
2223:
1997:
1578:
Valadez, RaĂşl; RodrĂguez, Bernardo; Manzanilla, Linda; Tejeda, Samuel.
622:"Production of Hybrids between Western Gray Wolves and Western Coyotes"
370:
355:
202:
97:
1097:
990:
2302:
2029:
1799:
1161:"Northeastern coyote/coywolf taxonomy and admixture: A meta-analysis"
375:
75:
37:
1048:
1023:
Rutledge, L. Y.; White, B. N.; Row, J. R.; Patterson, B. R. (2012).
868:. News.nationalgeographic.com (2011-11-08). Retrieved on 2018-09-05.
726:
Wildlife Science Center partners in study impacting wolf controversy
2315:
2248:
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1963:
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1951:
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292:
226:
222:
218:
186:
32:
2273:
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2198:
2135:
2117:
2105:
2057:
2047:
1992:
1974:
1907:
504:
452:
230:
114:
911:"Frequently Asked Questions about Eastern Coyote in Nova Scotia"
2374:
2278:
2085:
2070:
2012:
1643:
1273:
494:
484:
460:
427:
hybrids, which were produced via artificial insemination, the F
365:
234:
118:
110:
59:
2288:
2268:
2228:
2178:
2153:
319:
92:
2193:
523:
Wayne, R. (1993). "Molecular evolution of the dog family".
210:
968:
619:
2002:
1895:
1022:
946:. Government of Newfoundland and Labrador. Archived from
704:
10.1656/1092-6194(2007)14[111:acobmo]2.0.co;2
83:
1377:
229:. Their range also occurs in the Canadian provinces of
1326:
1253:. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press.
762:
Way J.G.; Rutledge L.; Wheeldon T.; White B.N. (2010).
557:
43:
gray wolf Ă— coyote hybrids, Wildlife Science Center in
944:
The Department of Environment and Conservation website
1877:
685:(Coyotes) between eastern and western North America"
1838:"Interbreeding threatens rare species, experts say"
1079:
1861:
1585:. In Snyder, Lynn M.; Moore, Elizabeth A. (eds.).
1248:
940:"Living with Coyotes in Newfoundland and Labrador"
1460:"Hybridization among three native North American
90:). All of these species are members of the genus
2438:
866:Coyote-Wolf Hybrids Have Spread Across U.S. East
337:
298:The taxonomy of the red and eastern wolf of the
282:
1761:(Canidae) in the south central United States".
1703:
856:. Department of Natural Resources. maryland.gov
382:coyote-gray wolf hybrid, conceived in captivity
125:. Another term for these hybrids is sometimes
1923:
1520:
1457:
1359:
1153:
1080:MonzĂłn, J; Kays, R; Dykhuizen, D. E. (2013).
431:litter was produced from a natural breeding.
1200:von Holt, B.M.; et al. (May 12, 2011).
387:hybridization case between pure coyotes and
366:Northwestern wolf Ă— coyote hybrid experiment
1757:McCarley, H. "The taxonomic status of wild
1018:
1016:
551:
309:In May 2011, an examination of 48,000
1930:
1916:
1773:
1367:. NCEAS. U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service.
742:Coyotes: Biology, Behavior, and Management
615:
613:
611:
358:, mitochondrial DNA analysis conducted by
1822:Yoon, Carol Kaesuk (September 28, 2010).
1677:
1497:
1487:
1411:
1344:
1303:
1267:
1225:
1105:
1056:
734:
678:
655:
645:
591:
522:
1464:species in a region of natural sympatry"
1320:
1199:
1131:"It's a "Coyote-wolf-dog eat dog" world"
1013:
879:"Living with Wildlife – Eastern coyotes"
516:
446:
369:
286:
172:
31:
1242:
1193:
915:Department of Natural Resources website
608:
14:
2439:
1434:
1128:
755:
672:
271:) and western Great Plains gray wolf (
109:, with the lowest levels occurring in
1911:
1353:
903:
844:. Wvdnr.gov. Retrieved on 2018-09-05.
1821:
1756:
1854:"Eastern Coyote / Coywolf Research"
1521:Ardizzoni, S. (September 1, 2013).
1129:Monzon, Javier (January 22, 2014).
871:
832:. Ocj.com. Retrieved on 2018-09-05.
805:"Greater than the sum of its parts"
24:
1937:
1697:
1589:. pp. 120–130. Archived from
1458:Hailer, F.; Leonard, J.A. (2008).
932:
162:
25:
2468:
1815:
1894:
1880:
1734:10.1046/j.1365-294x.2003.01895.x
1168:Canid Biology & Conservation
1844:. December 2002. Archived from
1637:
1608:
1571:
1545:
1514:
1451:
1428:
1371:
1122:
1073:
962:
859:
847:
835:
724:Riese, Clive (March 19, 2014),
311:single nucleotide polymorphisms
1824:"Mysteries that howl and hunt"
1360:Dumbacher, J. (January 2014).
1251:The Secret World of Red Wolves
823:
797:
718:
681:"A comparison of body mass of
132:
13:
1:
510:
338:Mexican wolf Ă— coyote hybrids
334:of the coyote and gray wolf.
283:Red wolves and eastern wolves
1489:10.1371/journal.pone.0003333
744:. Academic Press, New York.
647:10.1371/journal.pone.0088861
537:10.1016/0168-9525(93)90122-X
157:
146:Compared with pure coyotes,
7:
1249:Beeland, T. DeLene (2013).
890:Government of New Brunswick
473:
193:Eastern coyotes range from
10:
2473:
842:West Virginia DNR – Coyote
458:
442:
396:prompting the experiment.
300:Southeastern United States
181:, a coyote-wolf hybrid in
166:
2424:Grizzly–polar bear hybrid
2419:Grizzly–black bear hybrid
2397:
2372:
2352:
2334:
2301:
2209:
2162:
2144:
2116:
2056:
2028:
1973:
1945:
919:Government of Nova Scotia
886:Natural Resources website
262:Algonquin Provincial Park
251:Newfoundland and Labrador
1873:. PBS. January 22, 2014.
1174:(1): 1–7. Archived from
1763:Southwestern Naturalist
1670:10.1126/science.1165448
1445:10.1126/science.aag0699
771:Northeastern Naturalist
692:Northeastern Naturalist
2284:Congolese spotted lion
1618:Canis lupus familiaris
1404:10.1126/sciadv.1501714
1296:10.1098/rsbl.2015.0303
584:10.1126/sciadv.1501714
456:
383:
360:Texas State University
295:
190:
47:
45:Forest Lake, Minnesota
2384:Polecat–ferret hybrid
1848:on December 28, 2002.
1596:on September 23, 2015
1218:10.1101/gr.116301.110
1135:Gotham Coyote Project
1029:Ecology and Evolution
450:
373:
290:
176:
148:eastern wolf Ă— coyote
113:, and the highest in
35:
1624:Animal Diversity Web
1346:10.3996/nafa.77.0001
1333:North American Fauna
950:on February 19, 2014
783:10.1656/045.017.0202
247:Prince Edward Island
102:genetically diverged
2389:Polecat–mink hybrid
1842:National Geographic
1792:1991Natur.351..565W
1726:2003MolEc..12.2175A
1662:2009Sci...323.1339A
1656:(5919): 1339–1343.
1480:2008PLoSO...3.3333H
1396:2016SciA....2E1714V
1041:2012EcoEv...2...19R
983:2016MolEc..25.2443V
854:Coyotes in Maryland
638:2014PLoSO...988861M
576:2016SciA....2E1714V
389:northwestern wolves
269:C. lupus familiaris
257:of moose and deer.
2189:Lord Morton's mare
1863:"Meet the Coywolf"
1829:The New York Times
811:. October 31, 2015
679:Way J. G. (2007).
525:Trends in Genetics
457:
384:
296:
191:
48:
2434:
2433:
2096:Jackal–dog hybrid
2008:Sheep–goat hybrid
1786:(6327): 565–568.
1714:Molecular Ecology
1559:on April 24, 2016
1533:on March 19, 2014
1141:on August 7, 2016
1098:10.1111/mec.12570
1086:Molecular Ecology
991:10.1111/mec.13667
971:Molecular Ecology
730:Forest Lake Times
500:Jackal-dog hybrid
16:(Redirected from
2464:
2414:ABC Islands bear
2344:Macropod hybrids
2321:Hybrid orangutan
2081:Dingo–dog hybrid
1932:
1925:
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1909:
1908:
1904:
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1898:
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1868:
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1833:
1811:
1800:10.1038/351565a0
1770:
1753:
1720:(8): 2175–2186.
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1612:
1606:
1605:
1603:
1601:
1595:
1584:
1575:
1569:
1568:
1566:
1564:
1555:. Archived from
1549:
1543:
1542:
1540:
1538:
1529:. Archived from
1518:
1512:
1511:
1501:
1491:
1455:
1449:
1448:
1432:
1426:
1425:
1415:
1384:Science Advances
1375:
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1307:
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1188:
1186:
1181:on April 4, 2016
1180:
1165:
1157:
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1150:
1148:
1146:
1137:. Archived from
1126:
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669:
659:
649:
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606:
605:
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564:Science Advances
555:
549:
548:
520:
490:Dingo-dog hybrid
88:Canis familiaris
21:
2472:
2471:
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2465:
2463:
2462:
2461:
2437:
2436:
2435:
2430:
2393:
2368:
2348:
2330:
2297:
2264:Panthera hybrid
2205:
2158:
2154:Elephant hybrid
2140:
2126:Clymene dolphin
2112:
2052:
2024:
1969:
1968:
1941:
1936:
1900:
1893:
1886:
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1284:Biology Letters
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1620:: Information"
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1527:Bio News Texas
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61:
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36:Captive-bred
34:
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27:Hybrid mammal
19:
2409:Ursid hybrid
2398:
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2364:Iron Age pig
2353:
2336:Macropodinae
2254:Savannah cat
2219:Felid hybrid
2174:Equid hybrid
2163:
2146:Elephantidae
2075:
2066:Canid hybrid
1983:Bovid hybrid
1870:
1846:the original
1841:
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1776:Canis rufus
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56:canid hybrid
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29:
2311:Denisova 11
2101:Sulimov dog
1888:Dogs portal
1706:Canis rufus
1537:January 23,
954:February 2,
924:February 2,
895:February 2,
815:October 30,
468:Canis lupus
451:Coydogs in
325:In 2016, a
304:Great Lakes
243:Nova Scotia
195:New England
189:state line.
133:Description
98:chromosomes
80:Canis lupus
76:gray wolves
2441:Categories
2326:Koolakamba
2244:Kellas cat
2224:Bengal cat
1998:Dwarf Lulu
1206:Genome Res
750:1930665423
511:References
439:controls.
356:chupacabra
332:admixtures
203:New Jersey
2303:Hominidae
2030:Camelidae
1185:March 20,
393:egg cells
185:near the
158:Varieties
18:Coywolves
2316:Humanzee
2249:Pumapard
2131:Wholphin
1964:Mammalia
1958:Chordata
1952:Animalia
1950:Kingdom
1750:32880048
1742:12859637
1688:19197024
1629:April 1,
1563:April 1,
1508:18841199
1468:PLOS ONE
1422:29713682
1339:: 1–67.
1314:26156129
1236:21566151
1145:June 16,
1116:24148003
1067:22408723
1007:27846857
999:27106273
712:85288738
666:24586418
626:PLOS ONE
602:29713682
474:See also
302:and the
293:Red wolf
227:Virginia
223:Delaware
219:Maryland
199:New York
187:Virginia
96:with 78
2452:Coyotes
2375:Mustela
2274:Liliger
2239:Chausie
2234:Caraval
2211:Felidae
2199:Zebroid
2136:Narluga
2118:Cetacea
2106:Wolfdog
2076:Coywolf
2058:Canidae
2048:Huarizo
1993:Beefalo
1975:Bovidae
1956:Phylum
1867:(video)
1808:4364642
1788:Bibcode
1722:Bibcode
1679:2903542
1658:Bibcode
1650:Science
1499:2556088
1476:Bibcode
1437:Science
1413:5919777
1392:Bibcode
1305:4528444
1227:3149496
1107:3899836
1058:3297175
1037:Bibcode
979:Bibcode
657:3934856
634:Bibcode
593:5919777
572:Bibcode
545:8337763
505:Wolfdog
453:Wyoming
443:Coydogs
231:Ontario
127:wolfote
115:Ontario
82:), and
60:coyotes
52:coywolf
2457:Wolves
2279:Marozi
2086:Dogxim
2071:Coydog
2018:Żubroń
2013:Yakalo
1962:Class
1871:Nature
1806:
1780:Nature
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495:Dogxim
485:Coydog
461:Coydog
455:, 1951
380:hybrid
235:Quebec
225:, and
119:Quebec
111:Alaska
2400:Ursus
2289:Tigon
2269:Liger
2229:Blynx
2184:Kunga
2179:Hinny
2165:Equus
2043:Bukht
1804:S2CID
1759:Canis
1746:S2CID
1594:(PDF)
1583:(PDF)
1462:Canis
1365:(PDF)
1278:Canis
1179:(PDF)
1164:(PDF)
1003:S2CID
882:(PDF)
787:S2CID
767:(PDF)
708:S2CID
688:(PDF)
419:and F
320:USFWS
107:cline
93:Canis
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2194:Mule
2038:Cama
1767:1962
1738:PMID
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1684:PMID
1631:2016
1602:2014
1565:2016
1539:2014
1504:PMID
1418:PMID
1310:PMID
1255:ISBN
1232:PMID
1187:2016
1147:2016
1112:PMID
1063:PMID
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956:2014
926:2014
897:2014
817:2015
746:ISBN
662:PMID
598:PMID
541:PMID
249:and
211:Ohio
117:and
84:dogs
2355:Sus
2003:Dzo
1796:doi
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1730:doi
1674:PMC
1666:doi
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1484:doi
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1400:doi
1341:doi
1300:PMC
1292:doi
1222:PMC
1214:doi
1102:PMC
1094:doi
1053:PMC
1045:doi
987:doi
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547:.
535::
529:9
436:1
429:2
425:1
421:2
417:1
413:2
409:1
405:2
378:1
376:F
140:1
138:F
86:(
78:(
70:(
62:(
40:1
38:F
20:)
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