268:
coyote's genepool, while 26% is contributed by a cluster of both eastern wolves and western gray wolves. The remaining 64% matched mostly with coyotes. This analysis suggested that prior to the uniformity of its modern-day genetic makeup, multiple swarms of genetic exchanges between the coyotes, feral dogs, and the two distinct wolf populations present in the Great Lakes region may have occurred. Urban environments often favor coyote genes, while the ones in the rural and deep forest areas maintain higher levels of wolf content. A 2016 meta-analysis of 25 genetics studies from 1995 to 2013 found that the northeastern coywolf is 60% western coyote, 30% eastern wolf, and 10% domestic dog. However, this hybrid canid is only now coming into contact with the southern wave of coyote migration into the southern United States.
1871:
253:. This susceptibility to hybridization led to the eastern wolf being listed as Special Concern under the Canadian Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife and with the Committee on the Status of Species at Risk in Ontario. By 2001, protection was extended to eastern wolves occurring on the outskirts of the park, thus no longer depriving Park eastern wolves of future pure-blooded mates. By 2012, the genetic composition of the park's eastern wolves was roughly restored to what it was in the mid-1960s, rather than in the 1980s–1990s, when the majority of wolves had large amounts of coyote DNA.
163:
437:
242:. Coyotes and wolves hybridized in the Great Lakes region, followed by an eastern coyote expansion, creating the largest mammalian hybrid zone known. Extensive hunting of gray wolves over a period of 400 years caused a population decline that reduced the number of suitable mates, thus facilitating coyote genes swamping into the eastern wolf population. This has caused concern over the purity of remaining wolves in the area, and the resulting eastern coyotes are too small to substitute for pure wolves as
132:
Despite being delivered by a female coyote, the hybrid pups at birth were much larger and heavier than regular coyote pups born and measured around the same time. At six months of age, these hybrids were closely monitored at the
Wildlife Science Center. Executive Director Peggy Callahan at the facility states that the howls of these hybrids are said to start off much like regular gray wolves with a deep strong vocalization, but changes partway into a coyote-like high pitched yipping.
277:
264:) influences in their gene pool. This suggests that the eastern coyote is actually a four-in-one hybrid of coyotes, eastern wolves, western gray wolves, and dogs. The hybrids living in areas with higher white-tailed deer density often have higher degrees of wolf genes than those living in urban environments. The addition of domestic dog genes may have played a minor role in facilitating the eastern hybrids' adaptability to survive in human-developed areas.
360:
22:
1885:
336:
hybridizations with coyotes, exceptional genetic exchanges with the Texan coyotes may have occurred among individual gray wolves from historical remnants before the population was completely extirpated in Texas. The resulting hybrids would later on melt back into the coyote populations as the wolves disappeared.
306:
A comprehensive review in 2012 further argued that the study's dog samples were unrepresentative of the species' global diversity, having been limited to boxers and poodles, and that the red wolf samples came from modern rather than historical specimens. The review was itself criticized by a panel of
427:
hybrids all have an intestinal microbiome distinct from both parent species, but which was once reported to be present in some gray wolves. Moreover, analysis of their complementary DNA and ribosomal RNA revealed that the hybrids have very differential gene expressions compared to those in gray wolf
339:
The same study discussed an alternative possibility that the red wolves, which also once overlapped with both species in central Texas, were involved in circuiting the gene flows between the coyotes and gray wolves, much like how the eastern wolf is suspected to have bridged gene flows between gray
335:
from Texas, a few coyote genetic markers have been found in the historical samples of some isolated
Mexican wolf individuals. Likewise, gray wolf Y chromosomes have also been found in a few individual male Texan coyotes. This study suggested that although the Mexican wolf is generally less prone to
454:
Hybrids between coyotes and domestic dogs have been bred in captivity, dating to pre-Columbian Mexico. Other specimens were later produced by mammal biologists mostly for research purposes. Domestic dogs are included in the gray wolf species. Hence, coydogs are another biological sub-variation of
388:
The six resulting hybrids included four males and two females. At six months of age, the hybrids were closely monitored and were shown to display both physical and behavioral characteristics from both species, as well as some physical similarities to the eastern wolves, whose status as a distinct
384:
of western coyotes. Aside from the historical hybridizations between coyotes and the smaller
Mexican wolves in the south, as well as with eastern wolves and red wolves, gray wolves from the northwestern US and western provinces of Canada were not known to interbreed with coyotes in the wild, thus
375:
In 2013, the U.S. Department of
Agriculture Wildlife Services conducted a captive-breeding experiment at their National Wildlife Research Center Predator Research Facility in Logan, Utah. Using gray wolves from British Columbia and western coyotes, they produced six hybrids, making this the first
302:
in red wolves, eastern wolves, gray wolves, and dogs indicated that the red and eastern wolves were hybrid species, with the red wolf being 76% coyote and 20% gray wolf, and the eastern wolf being 58% gray wolf and 42% coyote, finding no evidence of being distinct species in either. The study was
267:
The four-in-one hybrid theory was further explored in 2014, when MonzĂłn and his team reanalyzed the tissue and SNP samples taken from 425 eastern coyotes to determine the degree of wolf and dog introgressions involved in each geographic range. The domestic dog allele averages 10% of the eastern
131:
hybrid pups from a male northwestern gray wolf and a female coyote were measured shortly after birth with an average on their weights, total lengths, head lengths, body lengths, hind foot lengths, shoulder circumferences, and head circumferences compared with those on pure coyote pups at birth.
318:
DNA study suggested that all of the North
American canids, both wolves and coyotes, diverged from a common ancestor 6,000–117,000 years ago. The whole-genome sequence analysis shows that two endemic species of North American wolf, the red wolf and eastern wolf, are
389:
wolf species or as a genetically distinct subspecies of the gray wolf is controversial. Regardless, the result of this experiment concluded that northwestern wolves, much like many other canids, are capable of hybridizing with coyotes.
1511:
400:'s successful delivery from the same coyote, they were not all full siblings because multiple sperm from eight different northwestern wolves were used in their production. The successful production of the F
793:
126:
Hybrids of any combination tend to be larger than coyotes but smaller than wolves; they show behaviors intermediate between coyotes and the other parent's species. In one captive hybrid experiment, six
93:
relatively recently (around 55,000–117,000 years ago). Genomic studies indicate that nearly all North
American gray wolf populations possess some degree of admixture with coyotes following a geographic
256:
Aside from the combinations of coyotes and eastern wolves making up most of the modern day eastern coyote's gene pools, some of the coyotes in the northeastern United States have mild domestic dog (
295:
regions, respectively, has been long debated, with various schools of thought advocating that they represent either unique species or results of varying degrees of gray wolf Ă— coyote admixture.
854:
1568:
380:. The experiment, which used artificial insemination, was intended to determine whether or not the sperm of the larger gray wolves in the west was capable of fertilizing the
1519:
958:
Vonholdt, Bridgett M.; Kays, Roland; Pollinger, John P.; Wayne, Robert K. (2016). "Admixture mapping identifies introgressed genomic regions in North
American canids".
311:, which noted that the study's conclusion that the eastern wolf was a full species was based on insufficient evidence — just two unique nonrecombining markers.
1826:
404:
litter, nonetheless, confirmed that hybrids of coyotes and northwestern wolves are just as fertile as hybrids of coyotes to eastern and red wolves. Both the F
303:
criticized for having used red wolves with recent coyote ancestry, and a reanalysis in 2012 indicated that it suffered from insufficient sampling.
1119:
1541:
714:
928:
842:
1579:
1149:
351:
showed that it was a coyote, though subsequent tests revealed that it was a coyote Ă— gray wolf hybrid sired by a male
Mexican wolf.
1918:
1369:"Whole-genome sequence analysis shows that two endemic species of North American wolf are admixtures of the coyote and gray wolf"
549:"Whole-genome sequence analysis shows that two endemic species of North American wolf are admixtures of the coyote and gray wolf"
547:
vonHoldt, B. M.; Cahill, J. A.; Fan, Z.; Gronau, I.; Robinson, J.; Pollinger, J. P.; Shapiro, B.; Wall, J.; Wayne, R. K. (2016).
139:
hybrids form more cooperative social groups and are generally less aggressive with each other while playing. Hybrids also reach
1693:
Adams, J.R.; Kelly, B.T.; Waits, L.P. (2003). "Using faecal DNA sampling and GIS to monitor hybridization between red wolves (
340:
wolves and coyotes in the Great Lakes region, since direct hybridizations between coyotes and gray wolves is considered rare.
752:
1763:
Wayne, R.K.; Jenks, S.M. (1991). "Mitochondrial DNA analysis implying extensive hybridization of the endangered red wolf
392:
In 2015, a research team from the cell and microbiology department of Anoka-Ramsey
Community College revealed that an F
1569:"13. Dog-wolf Hybrid Biotype Reconstruction from the Archaeological City of Teotihuacan in Prehispanic Central Mexico"
1247:
1834:
1604:
867:
299:
738:
692:
412:
hybrids were found to be phenotypically intermediate between the western gray wolves and coyotes. Unlike the F
2412:
331:
In a study that analyzed the molecular genetics of coyotes, as well as samples of historical red wolves and
1911:
1633:
Anderson, T.M.; Vonholdt, B.M.; Candille, S.I.; Musiani, M.; Greco, C.; Stahler, D.R.; et al. (2009).
729:
Bekoff, M. (1978). "Behavioral
Development in Coyotes and Eastern Coyotes", pp. 97–124 in M. Bekoff, (ed.)
1350:
396:
litter of two pups had been produced from two of the original hybrids. At the same time, despite the six F
878:
1367:
von Holdt, B.M.; Cahill, J. A.; Fan, Z.; Gronau, I.; Robinson, J.; Pollinger, J.P.; et al. (2016).
1576:
9th ICAZ Conference, Durham 2002: Dogs and People in Social, Working, Economic, or Symbolic Interaction
1127:
288:
1512:"Texas State University researcher helps unravel mystery of Texas 'blue dog' claimed to be Chupacabra"
2372:
1870:
907:
250:
239:
1545:
2407:
2377:
1904:
1851:
936:
315:
455:
hybrids between coyotes and gray wolves - the dog being considered a domesticated subspecies of
2435:
2299:
2272:
899:
818:
348:
33:
2177:
2084:
1996:
1318:"An account of the taxonomy of North American wolves from morphological and genetic analyses"
669:
162:
1812:
1164:
2069:
1927:
1776:
1710:
1646:
1566:
1464:
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1025:
967:
622:
560:
235:
8:
2352:
1780:
1714:
1650:
1468:
1384:
1029:
971:
626:
564:
423:
The study also discovered through sequencing 16S ribosomal RNA encoding genes that the F
1817:
1792:
1734:
1667:
1634:
1487:
1448:
1401:
1368:
1351:"Review of Proposed Rule Regarding Status of the Wolf Under the Endangered Species Act"
1293:
1264:
1215:
1190:
1095:
1070:
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1013:
991:
775:
696:
645:
610:
581:
548:
90:
1726:
1722:
1672:
1492:
1406:
1298:
1265:"RAD sequencing and genomic simulations resolve hybrid origins within North American
1263:
Rutledge, L. Y; Devillard, S; Boone, J. Q; Hohenlohe, P. A; White, B. N (July 2015).
1243:
1220:
1191:"A genome-wide perspective on the evolutionary history of enigmatic wolf-like canids"
1100:
1051:
983:
734:
650:
586:
529:
525:
488:
377:
320:
1738:
1071:"Assessment of coyote-wolf-dog admixture using ancestry-informative diagnostic SNPs"
995:
830:
700:
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1796:
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975:
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576:
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521:
478:
436:
187:
779:
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1477:
635:
140:
111:
95:
609:
Mech, L. D.; Christensen, B. W.; Asa, C. S.; Callahan, M.; Young, J. K. (2014).
89:; they therefore can interbreed. One genetic study indicates that these species
2388:
2079:
1976:
1890:
167:
157:
136:
1635:"Molecular and evolutionary history of melanism in North American gray wolves"
143:
when they are two years old, which is much later than occurs in pure coyotes.
2429:
2247:
2172:
2153:
2026:
1424:
Morell, Virginia (2016). "How do you save a wolf that's not really a wolf?".
1014:"Intense harvesting of eastern wolves facilitated hybridization with coyotes"
243:
227:
203:
171:
1658:
1433:
2397:
2324:
2242:
2207:
2162:
2134:
2054:
2031:
1971:
1730:
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1302:
1284:
1224:
1104:
1055:
987:
819:
Update on Coy Wolf sightings in Ohio – Ohio Ag Net | Ohio's Country Journal
654:
590:
572:
468:
332:
195:
56:
44:
1316:
Chambers, Steven M.; Fain, Steven R.; Fazio, Bud; Amaral, Michael (2012).
1206:
533:
307:
scientists selected for an independent peer review of its findings by the
2343:
2089:
2006:
1876:
1334:
1317:
771:
343:
In tests performed on a stuffed carcass of what was initially labelled a
292:
249:
The main nucleus of pure eastern wolves is currently concentrated within
231:
183:
1842:
753:"Genetic characterization of Eastern "Coyotes" in eastern Massachusetts"
750:
276:
2314:
2232:
2212:
1986:
1567:
Valadez, RaĂşl; RodrĂguez, Bernardo; Manzanilla, Linda; Tejeda, Samuel.
611:"Production of Hybrids between Western Gray Wolves and Western Coyotes"
359:
344:
191:
86:
1086:
979:
2291:
2018:
1788:
1150:"Northeastern coyote/coywolf taxonomy and admixture: A meta-analysis"
364:
64:
26:
1037:
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Rutledge, L. Y.; White, B. N.; Row, J. R.; Patterson, B. R. (2012).
857:. News.nationalgeographic.com (2011-11-08). Retrieved on 2018-09-05.
715:
Wildlife Science Center partners in study impacting wolf controversy
2304:
2237:
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1952:
1946:
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215:
211:
207:
175:
21:
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2222:
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2187:
2124:
2106:
2094:
2046:
2036:
1981:
1963:
1896:
493:
441:
219:
103:
900:"Frequently Asked Questions about Eastern Coyote in Nova Scotia"
2363:
2267:
2074:
2059:
2001:
1632:
1262:
483:
473:
449:
416:
hybrids, which were produced via artificial insemination, the F
354:
223:
107:
99:
48:
2277:
2257:
2217:
2167:
2142:
308:
81:
2182:
512:
Wayne, R. (1993). "Molecular evolution of the dog family".
199:
957:
608:
1991:
1884:
1011:
935:. Government of Newfoundland and Labrador. Archived from
693:
10.1656/1092-6194(2007)14[111:acobmo]2.0.co;2
72:
1366:
218:. Their range also occurs in the Canadian provinces of
1315:
1242:. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press.
751:
Way J.G.; Rutledge L.; Wheeldon T.; White B.N. (2010).
546:
32:
gray wolf Ă— coyote hybrids, Wildlife Science Center in
933:
The Department of Environment and Conservation website
1866:
674:(Coyotes) between eastern and western North America"
1827:"Interbreeding threatens rare species, experts say"
1068:
1850:
1574:. In Snyder, Lynn M.; Moore, Elizabeth A. (eds.).
1237:
929:"Living with Coyotes in Newfoundland and Labrador"
1449:"Hybridization among three native North American
79:). All of these species are members of the genus
2427:
855:Coyote-Wolf Hybrids Have Spread Across U.S. East
326:
287:The taxonomy of the red and eastern wolf of the
271:
1750:(Canidae) in the south central United States".
1692:
845:. Department of Natural Resources. maryland.gov
371:coyote-gray wolf hybrid, conceived in captivity
114:. Another term for these hybrids is sometimes
1912:
1509:
1446:
1348:
1142:
1069:MonzĂłn, J; Kays, R; Dykhuizen, D. E. (2013).
420:litter was produced from a natural breeding.
1189:von Holt, B.M.; et al. (May 12, 2011).
376:hybridization case between pure coyotes and
355:Northwestern wolf Ă— coyote hybrid experiment
1746:McCarley, H. "The taxonomic status of wild
1007:
1005:
540:
298:In May 2011, an examination of 48,000
1919:
1905:
1762:
1356:. NCEAS. U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service.
731:Coyotes: Biology, Behavior, and Management
604:
602:
600:
347:, mitochondrial DNA analysis conducted by
1811:Yoon, Carol Kaesuk (September 28, 2010).
1666:
1486:
1476:
1400:
1333:
1292:
1256:
1214:
1094:
1045:
723:
667:
644:
634:
580:
511:
1453:species in a region of natural sympatry"
1309:
1188:
1120:"It's a "Coyote-wolf-dog eat dog" world"
1002:
868:"Living with Wildlife – Eastern coyotes"
505:
435:
358:
275:
161:
20:
1231:
1182:
904:Department of Natural Resources website
597:
2428:
1423:
1117:
744:
661:
260:) and western Great Plains gray wolf (
98:, with the lowest levels occurring in
1900:
1342:
892:
833:. Wvdnr.gov. Retrieved on 2018-09-05.
1810:
1745:
1843:"Eastern Coyote / Coywolf Research"
1510:Ardizzoni, S. (September 1, 2013).
1118:Monzon, Javier (January 22, 2014).
860:
821:. Ocj.com. Retrieved on 2018-09-05.
794:"Greater than the sum of its parts"
13:
1926:
1686:
1578:. pp. 120–130. Archived from
1447:Hailer, F.; Leonard, J.A. (2008).
921:
151:
14:
2457:
1804:
1883:
1869:
1723:10.1046/j.1365-294x.2003.01895.x
1157:Canid Biology & Conservation
1833:. December 2002. Archived from
1626:
1597:
1560:
1534:
1503:
1440:
1417:
1360:
1111:
1062:
951:
848:
836:
824:
713:Riese, Clive (March 19, 2014),
300:single nucleotide polymorphisms
1813:"Mysteries that howl and hunt"
1349:Dumbacher, J. (January 2014).
1240:The Secret World of Red Wolves
812:
786:
707:
670:"A comparison of body mass of
121:
1:
499:
327:Mexican wolf Ă— coyote hybrids
323:of the coyote and gray wolf.
272:Red wolves and eastern wolves
1478:10.1371/journal.pone.0003333
733:. Academic Press, New York.
636:10.1371/journal.pone.0088861
526:10.1016/0168-9525(93)90122-X
146:
135:Compared with pure coyotes,
7:
1238:Beeland, T. DeLene (2013).
879:Government of New Brunswick
462:
182:Eastern coyotes range from
10:
2462:
831:West Virginia DNR – Coyote
447:
431:
385:prompting the experiment.
289:Southeastern United States
170:, a coyote-wolf hybrid in
155:
2413:Grizzly–polar bear hybrid
2408:Grizzly–black bear hybrid
2386:
2361:
2341:
2323:
2290:
2198:
2151:
2133:
2105:
2045:
2017:
1962:
1934:
908:Government of Nova Scotia
875:Natural Resources website
251:Algonquin Provincial Park
240:Newfoundland and Labrador
1862:. PBS. January 22, 2014.
1163:(1): 1–7. Archived from
1752:Southwestern Naturalist
1659:10.1126/science.1165448
1434:10.1126/science.aag0699
760:Northeastern Naturalist
681:Northeastern Naturalist
2273:Congolese spotted lion
1607:Canis lupus familiaris
1393:10.1126/sciadv.1501714
1285:10.1098/rsbl.2015.0303
573:10.1126/sciadv.1501714
445:
372:
349:Texas State University
284:
179:
36:
34:Forest Lake, Minnesota
2373:Polecat–ferret hybrid
1837:on December 28, 2002.
1585:on September 23, 2015
1207:10.1101/gr.116301.110
1124:Gotham Coyote Project
1018:Ecology and Evolution
439:
362:
279:
165:
137:eastern wolf Ă— coyote
102:, and the highest in
24:
1613:Animal Diversity Web
1335:10.3996/nafa.77.0001
1322:North American Fauna
939:on February 19, 2014
772:10.1656/045.017.0202
236:Prince Edward Island
91:genetically diverged
2378:Polecat–mink hybrid
1831:National Geographic
1781:1991Natur.351..565W
1715:2003MolEc..12.2175A
1651:2009Sci...323.1339A
1645:(5919): 1339–1343.
1469:2008PLoSO...3.3333H
1385:2016SciA....2E1714V
1030:2012EcoEv...2...19R
972:2016MolEc..25.2443V
843:Coyotes in Maryland
627:2014PLoSO...988861M
565:2016SciA....2E1714V
378:northwestern wolves
258:C. lupus familiaris
246:of moose and deer.
2178:Lord Morton's mare
1852:"Meet the Coywolf"
1818:The New York Times
800:. October 31, 2015
668:Way J. G. (2007).
514:Trends in Genetics
446:
373:
285:
180:
37:
2423:
2422:
2085:Jackal–dog hybrid
1997:Sheep–goat hybrid
1775:(6327): 565–568.
1703:Molecular Ecology
1548:on April 24, 2016
1522:on March 19, 2014
1130:on August 7, 2016
1087:10.1111/mec.12570
1075:Molecular Ecology
980:10.1111/mec.13667
960:Molecular Ecology
719:Forest Lake Times
489:Jackal-dog hybrid
2453:
2403:ABC Islands bear
2333:Macropod hybrids
2310:Hybrid orangutan
2070:Dingo–dog hybrid
1921:
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1907:
1898:
1897:
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1888:
1887:
1879:
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1873:
1863:
1857:
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1789:10.1038/351565a0
1759:
1742:
1709:(8): 2175–2186.
1681:
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1601:
1595:
1594:
1592:
1590:
1584:
1573:
1564:
1558:
1557:
1555:
1553:
1544:. Archived from
1538:
1532:
1531:
1529:
1527:
1518:. Archived from
1507:
1501:
1500:
1490:
1480:
1444:
1438:
1437:
1421:
1415:
1414:
1404:
1373:Science Advances
1364:
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1179:
1177:
1175:
1170:on April 4, 2016
1169:
1154:
1146:
1140:
1139:
1137:
1135:
1126:. Archived from
1115:
1109:
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1098:
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648:
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606:
595:
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584:
553:Science Advances
544:
538:
537:
509:
479:Dingo-dog hybrid
77:Canis familiaris
2461:
2460:
2456:
2455:
2454:
2452:
2451:
2450:
2426:
2425:
2424:
2419:
2382:
2357:
2337:
2319:
2286:
2253:Panthera hybrid
2194:
2147:
2143:Elephant hybrid
2129:
2115:Clymene dolphin
2101:
2041:
2013:
1958:
1957:
1930:
1925:
1889:
1882:
1875:
1868:
1855:
1849:
1841:
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50:
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16:Hybrid mammal
2398:Ursid hybrid
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2243:Savannah cat
2208:Felid hybrid
2163:Equid hybrid
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2135:Elephantidae
2064:
2055:Canid hybrid
1972:Bovid hybrid
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1835:the original
1830:
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1765:Canis rufus
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40:
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2300:Denisova 11
2090:Sulimov dog
1877:Dogs portal
1695:Canis rufus
1526:January 23,
943:February 2,
913:February 2,
884:February 2,
804:October 30,
457:Canis lupus
440:Coydogs in
314:In 2016, a
293:Great Lakes
232:Nova Scotia
184:New England
178:state line.
122:Description
87:chromosomes
69:Canis lupus
65:gray wolves
2430:Categories
2315:Koolakamba
2233:Kellas cat
2213:Bengal cat
1987:Dwarf Lulu
1195:Genome Res
739:1930665423
500:References
428:controls.
345:chupacabra
321:admixtures
192:New Jersey
2292:Hominidae
2019:Camelidae
1174:March 20,
382:egg cells
174:near the
147:Varieties
2305:Humanzee
2238:Pumapard
2120:Wholphin
1953:Mammalia
1947:Chordata
1941:Animalia
1939:Kingdom
1739:32880048
1731:12859637
1677:19197024
1618:April 1,
1552:April 1,
1497:18841199
1457:PLOS ONE
1411:29713682
1328:: 1–67.
1303:26156129
1225:21566151
1134:June 16,
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615:PLOS ONE
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463:See also
291:and the
282:Red wolf
216:Virginia
212:Delaware
208:Maryland
188:New York
176:Virginia
85:with 78
2441:Coyotes
2364:Mustela
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2228:Chausie
2223:Caraval
2200:Felidae
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2107:Cetacea
2095:Wolfdog
2065:Coywolf
2047:Canidae
2037:Huarizo
1982:Beefalo
1964:Bovidae
1945:Phylum
1856:(video)
1797:4364642
1777:Bibcode
1711:Bibcode
1668:2903542
1647:Bibcode
1639:Science
1488:2556088
1465:Bibcode
1426:Science
1402:5919777
1381:Bibcode
1294:4528444
1216:3149496
1096:3899836
1047:3297175
1026:Bibcode
968:Bibcode
646:3934856
623:Bibcode
582:5919777
561:Bibcode
534:8337763
494:Wolfdog
442:Wyoming
432:Coydogs
220:Ontario
116:wolfote
104:Ontario
71:), and
49:coyotes
41:coywolf
2446:Wolves
2268:Marozi
2075:Dogxim
2060:Coydog
2007:Żubroń
2002:Yakalo
1951:Class
1860:Nature
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474:Coydog
450:Coydog
444:, 1951
369:hybrid
224:Quebec
214:, and
108:Quebec
100:Alaska
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2278:Tigon
2258:Liger
2218:Blynx
2173:Kunga
2168:Hinny
2154:Equus
2032:Bukht
1793:S2CID
1748:Canis
1735:S2CID
1583:(PDF)
1572:(PDF)
1451:Canis
1354:(PDF)
1267:Canis
1168:(PDF)
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992:S2CID
871:(PDF)
776:S2CID
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697:S2CID
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309:USFWS
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2183:Mule
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1727:PMID
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1620:2016
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1528:2014
1493:PMID
1407:PMID
1299:PMID
1244:ISBN
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1176:2016
1136:2016
1101:PMID
1052:PMID
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945:2014
915:2014
886:2014
806:2015
735:ISBN
651:PMID
587:PMID
530:PMID
238:and
200:Ohio
106:and
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1992:Dzo
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365:F
129:1
127:F
75:(
67:(
59:(
51:(
29:1
27:F
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