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contain numerous references to Barons being sent to the provinces to "levy the King's debts". Such employment required physical endurance and some knowledge of financial matters, rather than legal ability. As late as the 1660s, the Crown regarded the Court of
Exchequer primarily as a body for
225:, one of the Barons of the Exchequer, and a native of the town, petitioned the Crown for redress for his journeys to Carlow "where the Exchequer was...in time of war, when the other Barons dared not go there". Significantly he referred to the "late burning of Carlow" by the Irish of
356:, in 1840, like that of his predecessor Thomas Dalton in the previous century, was widely blamed on his crushing workload (indeed Woulfe, who suffered from chronic ill health, had been warned that the job would kill him, and had accepted it with considerable reluctance).
391:, retained his rank until he retired in 1916, by which time his reputation for judicial eminence was so high that, despite his advanced age (he was eighty-four) and increasing physical frailty, the Government only accepted his resignation with great reluctance.
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of the
Accounts. Occasionally a Baron might have another position which was not attached to the Court: Thomas Archbold was Master of the Irish Mint when he became a judge, and retained that office throughout his time on the Court of Exchequer.
272:
by all lawful means. It stresses the great "labour and pain" that the Barons employed in the task, much of it at their own expense. The order to increase their salary is significant since King
Charles was perennially short of money.
94:, enacted in 1294 and 1303, are entitled "Treasurer and Barons of Exchequer". The Barons might combine a seat on the Bench with another office within the Exchequer, such as Engrosser, Summoner, Chief
289:, spoke of the Court being in a state of "confusion and disorganisation almost past remedy". Due to its inefficiency, it lost a good deal of business to the other courts, especially to the
1590:
34:. The Court of Exchequer was one of the four royal courts of justice which gave their name to the building in Dublin in which they were located, which is still called the
229:, in which he had lost his house and much of his movable property. This was no doubt a reference to the fire of 1376, although there had also been a serious one in 1363.
221:(that part of Ireland which was under secure English rule) than was Dublin, but local disturbances in Carlow eventually brought it back to Dublin in the 1390s. In 1376
62:. The office of Baron apparently predated the establishment of the Court itself: there are references to officials called Barons of the Irish Exchequer, like
186:
increasing revenue and detecting fraud: for that reason, the Court of
Exchequer was regarded by the Crown as the most important of the courts of common law.
66:, as early as the 1250s, though these were probably tax collectors, not judges. The Court seems to have functioned for some years without a Chief Baron. Sir
1605:
236:
having a separate Court of
Exchequer, with its own Chief Baron. This Court seems to have been short-lived In 1405 Robert White was Chancellor and
1595:
642:
189:
The Court of
Exchequer was originally located in a building called Collett's Inn, which is thought to have been situated roughly on present-day
126:. In 1442 it was suggested that the administration of the Irish Government would be improved if the Chief Baron at least was a properly trained
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Traditionally the judge holding office as third Baron tended to resist promotion since his office, though junior, had a number of fees and
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154:, later one of the most distinguished English commanders in France. Their colleague Peter Clynton (or Clayton) later became collector of
177:
Part of the explanation for their lack of legal expertise may lie in the fact that in the early years of the Court, the Barons acted as
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138:, another Baron in the early 1440s, had a background in local government, although he had also acted as an attorney. His colleague
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387:. In a further reorganisation of the Court system in 1897 the Exchequer Division was abolished. The last Chief Baron,
336:, and quite unfairly the judges of the Court of Exchequer bore the brunt of the blame for it: as one of the Barons,
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According to
Elrington Ball the Irish Court of Exchequer was established by 1295, and by 1310 it was headed by the
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The early Barons were usually
English-born, with a record of public service. Although they ranked as High Court
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332:, removing the power of the Irish House of Lords to hear appeals. This Act became notorious in Ireland as the
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By the mid-nineteenth century, the
Exchequer had overtaken the Court of King's Bench as the busiest of the
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Exchequer that they were obliged to implement the
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Although the workload of the Court of Exchequer in the early centuries was not as heavy as that of the
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in 1316. This however was not an act of aggression but a defence measure by the Dubliners themselves.
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regarded the Exchequer as the most important of the Irish courts of common law. A letter from King
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in Dublin city centre. Collett's was destroyed in a raid by the O'Tooles and O'Byrne clans from
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of the English House infuriated the Irish House, which imprisoned the Barons for
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of one of the Barons, refers to the crucial role of the Exchequer in preventing
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The Court of Exchequer's reputation was further damaged by its judgment in
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men performing office in the Exchequer through deputy" and accused them of
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Commissioners of Inquiry into Courts of Justice in Ireland (1817).
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in 1421 was aimed at those Barons who were described ominously as "
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304:. In itself, a routine property dispute between two cousins, the
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attached which were not available to more senior judges.
86:, an English-born judge and statesman who also served as
293:, in the course of the eighteenth century. The death of
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In about 1360 the Court of Exchequer, together with the
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Courts and tribunals established in the 13th century
174:, although he may also have qualified as a lawyer.
375:, the Court of Exchequer was merged with the other
146:and a senior official in the Royal household under
232:There is one reference in 1390 to the liberty of
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669:Supreme Court of Judicature Act (Ireland) 1877
373:Supreme Court of Judicature Act (Ireland) 1877
308:revived the long-standing quarrel between the
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426:Second report (Exchequer Court) with appendix
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1606:Courts and tribunals disestablished in 1877
30:in Ireland. It was the mirror image of the
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533:Dublin Irish Academic Press 1992 pp. 10-13
166:(alias Galmole), one of the Barons, was a
130:. This criticism was principally aimed at
217:, which was then closer to the centre of
110:, they were not required to be qualified
966:Counties of Meath and Westmeath Act 1543
498:Chronicle of the Law Officers of Ireland
268:against the revenue, and increasing the
90:. Three of the earliest Statutes of the
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16:Senior court of common law in Ireland
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244:The Court in the seventeenth century
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971:Settlement of Laois and Offaly 1556
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429:. Sessional papers. Vol. 11 10
344:The Court in the nineteenth century
277:The Court in the eighteenth century
82:in 1299. The first Chief Baron was
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723:Chief Baron of the Irish Exchequer
509:Statute 9 Hen. 5. c. 12 (I) (1421)
401:Chief Baron of the Irish Exchequer
170:by trade, and Master of the Irish
56:Chief Baron of the Irish Exchequer
14:
1617:
1601:1877 disestablishments in Ireland
713:Chief Justice of the Common Pleas
213:, moved for some thirty years to
38:, and is in use as a courthouse.
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385:High Court of Justice in Ireland
316:as to which House was the final
260:in October 1662, increasing the
20:The Court of Exchequer (Ireland)
913:Cromwellian conquest of Ireland
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602:Allen Figgis and Co Dublin 1960
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500:London Butterworths 1839 p.145
472:The Judges in Ireland 1221–1921
211:Court of Common Pleas (Ireland)
825:History of Ireland (1691–1800)
820:History of Ireland (1536–1691)
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45:The Four Courts, present day
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544:History of Medieval Ireland
474:. London: John Murray, 1926
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381:Court of Chancery (Ireland)
191:South Great George's Street
32:equivalent court in England
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150:. The same is true of Sir
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199:Scots Invasion of Ireland
88:Lord Treasurer of Ireland
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78:the following year, and
72:Sheriff of County Dublin
26:, was one of the senior
24:Irish Exchequer of Pleas
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923:Williamite–Jacobite War
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181:as well as judges: the
162:. As late as the 1480s
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310:English House of Lords
60:Baron of the Exchequer
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470:Ball, F. Elrington.
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314:Irish House of Lords
302:Sherlock v. Annesley
28:courts of common law
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1115:Mac William ĂŤochtar
892:Flight of the Earls
843:Lordship of Ireland
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144:esquire of the body
1545:Ireland portal
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1513:(1760–1800)
1505:(1727–1760)
1497:(1714–1727)
1489:(1702–1714)
1481:(1689–1694)
1474:(1689–1702)
1471:William III
1466:(1685–1691)
1458:(1660–1685)
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1434:(1653–1658)
1426:(1649–1653)
1416:(1625–1649)
1408:(1603–1625)
1400:(1558–1603)
1397:Elizabeth I
1392:(1554–1558)
1389:jure uxoris
1380:(1553–1558)
1364:(1547–1553)
1356:(1542–1547)
1232:Four Courts
1201:and society
1163:Fear Manach
1155:TĂr Eoghain
1059:UĂ DĂarmata
1043:Clanricarde
858:New English
664:Four Courts
361:perquisites
98:, or Chief
36:Four Courts
1580:Categories
1510:George III
1455:Charles II
1353:Henry VIII
1346:and rulers
1273:Ascendancy
1171:Uà Catháin
1075:Magh Luirg
1051:UĂ Failghe
991:Popery Act
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927:Wild Geese
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836:and events
412:References
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248:After the
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120:illiterate
112:barristers
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