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experienced and one inexperienced therapist; situation two, including two inexperienced therapists; and situation three, involving two experienced therapists. All models are said to be advantageous, as they all provide educational benefits, such as an inexperienced therapist gaining confidence whilst alongside one with more experience, and in an inexperienced model, the likeliness of a therapist overruling a session is wildly reduced. Moreover, a co-therapist relationship can "compensate for individual weaknesses", meaning that more rounded conclusions can be drawn from therapy sessions as research has shown that co-therapeutic relationships provide greater insight into a client's analysis. Russell & Russell add to this notion by mentioning that conjoint therapeutic relationships can be valuable within the realm of education in order to "role-model didactically", suggesting that it is extremely beneficial for a more inexperienced therapist to learn in a conjoint environment.
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suggested that voyeurism was an intricate part of co-therapy, where therapists gain sexual attraction to their partner as a result of competition in diagnoses. Bowers & Gauron go into more detail on the issue, describing how a therapist and their spouse may disagree about the amount of time one spends with their co-therapist, and how their spouse may become insecure about this as they feel they are not of primary importance. Co-therapists are required to spend a lot of time together outside of therapy sessions to discuss diagnoses and analyses of patients which, although seen in one sense as an advantage, can cause issues in the personal relationships of the therapists themselves.
103:
situations created by therapists and discover healthy ways to react and process. Bowers & Gauron furthered this by mentioning that a healthy relationship between co-therapists can act as an effective role model to patients. This is extremely beneficial in situations such as couples therapy, for example. Therapists must also be actively aware of the notion that they are constantly being watched and act accordingly. Natalie
Shainess described this situation as 'do as I tell you, but not as I do', suggesting that clients need to also be aware of the imperfect representation that could occur, signalling that they should copy what is said, rather than what they see.
112:
but also not being free of hazards. The requirement for therapists is ever-increasing, with some suggesting that using two therapists when not extremely necessary is a waste of resources and adds to the expense of therapy provision. Therapists are less likely to be paired thoughtfully, and are usually randomly placed together. This could increase the likeliness of tension during sessions, and could create unnecessary competition. Alternatively, if the therapists form an amicable relationship, there is also the risk of their attention being diverted from the client, which leads to a negative impact on the session where the treatment of the patient is compromised.
76:
on each other when "in the face of the power of the group". Bowers & Gauron are supported by other researchers in this aspect of co-therapy. Russell and
Russell also suggest that both therapists are sources of support for each other. This can be in the case of clients (either singular, couples, or families) who express delusional systems or aspects of
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Although advantages exist (as above), the disadvantages of co-therapy and the issues that may arise for both clients and therapists have also been explored. Dangers can impact clients, therapists and spouses of therapists alike. Fabrizio
Napolitani described co-therapy as not only lacking advantages,
80:
that may be difficult to deal with alone. A co-therapeutic design is more beneficial in these situations as therapists act objectively in each others' aid. This situation highlights an additional advantage of the amount of emotional draining experienced by each therapist individually. Support of both
75:
Co-therapy has recently been discussed more thoroughly, and its advantageous aspects have been analysed. Researchers, namely Bowers & Gauron, suggest that co-therapy provides each therapist with a "support system" in their partner. This allows for appropriate communication and the ability to lean
102:
for each other, they are simultaneously acting as examples of good practice for the clients themselves. Researchers Peck & Schroeder suggested that co-therapists could act as alternative powers where necessary. For example, absent parents. This would benefit clients greatly as they can relate to
120:
A widely debated topic within co-therapy is the involvement of spouses. This could refer to both a spouse of a therapist or a co-therapy relationship that consists of spouses themselves. Many issues can arise as a result of this, for example, jealousy of a third-party relationship. Dickes and Dunn
61:
practices were first taking place. It was originally named "multiple therapy" by Alfred Alder, and later introduced separately as "co-therapy" in the 1940s. Co-therapy began with two therapists of differing abilities, one essentially learning from the other, and providing the opportunity to hear
89:
Additionally, researchers suggest that a co-therapy relationship is beneficial as an educational model. Cividini and Klain proposed three models of co-therapy education. These three designs all incorporated differing levels of skill in each therapist, for example: situation one, having one
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therapists is carried through - if one is absent, there will always be someone available to collect information and continue with the sessions.
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715:
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671:"Summary of Overview of the Cotherapy Model (Overview of Conjoint Therapy with Couples, An Approach with High Conflict Couples"
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186:
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Bellville, Titus P.; Raths, Otto N.; Bellville, Carol J. (1969). "Conjoint marriage therapy with a husband-and-wife team".
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are credited as the founders of co-therapy. Co-therapy dates back to the early twentieth century in Vienna, where
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Hoffman, Ludmila W.; Hoffman, Herbert J. (1981). "Husband–wife co-therapy team: Exploration of its development".
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Cividini-Strani, Eugenija; Klain, Eduard (August 1984). "Advantages and
Disadvantages of Co-Therapy".
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Napolitani, Fabrizio (April 1979). "Co-Therapy By
Alternate Conduction and Reciprocal Supervision".
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Peck, Bruce B.; Schroeder, Dianne (1976). "Psychotherapy with the Father-Absent
Military Family".
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930:
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Bowers, Wayne A.; Gauron, Eugene F. (1981). "Potential hazards of the co-therapy relationship".
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Hadden, Samuel B. (1947-03-01). "The utilization of a therapy group in teaching psychotherapy".
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285:"Four-way sessions: The co-therapy of couples in individual and conjoint treatment"
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Russell, Axel; Russell, Lila (1979). "The Uses and Abuses of Co-Therapy".
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Keith, David V.; Whitaker, Carl A. (1983). "Co-therapy with
Families".
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Leslie, Gerald R. (1964). "Conjoint
Therapy in Marriage Counseling".
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present. This kind of therapy is especially applied during
308:"Carl Whitaker, 83, Therapist Who Focused on Family Life"
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Association for
Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback
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Groups: A Journal of Group
Dynamics & Psychotherapy
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544:
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The Art of Co-therapy: How Therapists Work Together
1525:Association for Behavioral and Cognitive Therapies
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1515:Association for the Advancement of Psychotherapy
1530:Association for Behavior Analysis International
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455:Psychotherapy: Theory, Research & Practice
360:Psychotherapy: Theory, Research & Practice
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98:Although therapists can and have been seen to
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140:International Journal of Group Psychotherapy
138:MacLennan, Beryce W. (1965). "Co-Therapy".
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283:Hogan, Peter D.; Royce, Jack R. (1975).
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327:Handbook of Family and Marital Therapy
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590:Journal of Marital and Family Therapy
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173:Roller, Bill; Nelson, Vivian (1991).
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820:Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy
207:American Journal of Orthopsychiatry
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1540:Society for Psychotherapy Research
768:Transference focused psychotherapy
602:10.1111/j.1752-0606.1976.tb00392.x
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519:10.1111/j.1752-0606.1979.tb00552.x
481:
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219:10.1111/j.1939-0025.1969.tb00643.x
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825:Rational emotive behavior therapy
798:Functional analytic psychotherapy
793:Acceptance and commitment therapy
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306:Goleman, Daniel (25 April 1995).
1545:World Council for Psychotherapy
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395:American Journal of Psychiatry
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242:Journal of Marriage and Family
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152:10.1080/00207284.1965.11642823
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758:Mentalization-based treatment
193:co-therapy or conjoint model.
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41:conducted with more than one
815:Dialectical behavior therapy
805:Cognitive behavioral therapy
335:10.1007/978-1-4684-4442-1_16
7:
845:Emotionally focused therapy
107:Disadvantages of co-therapy
10:
1587:
1116:Systematic desensitization
1045:Practitioner–scholar model
788:Clinical behavior analysis
637:10.1177/053331647901200114
559:10.1177/053331648401700209
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1127:Other individual therapy
683:"Co-Therapy for Couples"
329:. Springer US: 343–355.
71:An active support system
66:Advantages of co-therapy
62:feedback on their work.
1571:Relationship counseling
1149:Cognitive restructuring
870:Person-centered therapy
1080:Contingency management
959:Transtheoretical model
949:Eclectic psychotherapy
926:Transactional analysis
94:A respected role model
1030:Common factors theory
994:Residential treatment
407:10.1176/ajp.103.5.644
27:Kind of psychotherapy
1459:Lorna Smith Benjamin
1294:Harry Stack Sullivan
1219:Sensitivity training
1020:Clinical formulation
675:campus.educadium.com
85:An educational model
1566:Group psychotherapy
1191:Group psychotherapy
1102:Counterconditioning
979:Brief psychotherapy
850:Existential therapy
1319:Milton H. Erickson
1154:Emotion regulation
1134:Autogenic training
1025:Clinical pluralism
954:Multimodal therapy
753:Analytical therapy
312:The New York Times
181:. Guilford Press.
116:Spouse involvement
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1479:William R. Miller
1464:Marsha M. Linehan
1434:Jean Baker Miller
1394:Salvador Minuchin
1274:Ludwig Binswanger
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1062:Behaviour therapy
989:Online counseling
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906:Narrative therapy
810:Cognitive therapy
344:978-1-4684-4444-5
188:978-0-89862-557-8
16:(Redirected from
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1469:Vittorio Guidano
1439:Otto F. Kernberg
1309:Donald Winnicott
1166:Free association
1111:Exposure therapy
1090:Stimulus control
1070:Aversion therapy
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896:Feminist therapy
748:Adlerian therapy
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1354:Virginia Axline
1264:Sándor Ferenczi
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1204:Couples therapy
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1159:Affect labeling
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1508:Associations
1499:Peter Fonagy
1444:Nathan Azrin
1419:Arthur Janov
1379:Joseph Wolpe
1364:Albert Ellis
1344:George Kelly
1329:Erik Erikson
1289:Karen Horney
1259:Alfred Adler
1254:Pierre Janet
1244:Josef Breuer
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911:Play therapy
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1429:R. D. Laing
1404:Haim Ginott
1334:Carl Rogers
1299:Fritz Perls
1214:Psychodrama
1139:Biofeedback
941:Integrative
886:Art therapy
865:Logotherapy
687:Therapy Duo
78:psychopathy
1560:Categories
1389:Aaron Beck
1304:Anna Freud
1199:Co-therapy
1054:Techniques
984:Counseling
972:Approaches
837:Humanistic
780:behavioral
295:(1): 7–11.
125:References
100:role-model
31:Co-therapy
1349:Rollo May
1284:Otto Rank
1269:Carl Jung
999:Self-help
653:144011667
645:0533-3164
610:1752-0606
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567:0533-3164
527:1752-0606
475:0033-3204
415:0002-953X
380:0033-3204
262:0022-2445
43:therapist
1181:Modeling
1171:Homework
1075:Chaining
1013:Research
855:Focusing
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