677:. While the Constitution of 1979 allowed the president to dissolve congress after congress censured cabinet members three times, the current constitution allows the president to do so after only two censures. The Constitution allows the president to decree laws as long as they first informs the Congress of their intent to do so. If the president dissolves Congress, the Constitution gives them the power to rule until the election of a new Congress within a four-month timeline, during which time the Standing Committee of the dissolved Congress will remain functioning. Following the ouster of President
611:
2624:
273:
165:
238:
136:
24:
560:
1006:) was approved by the Congress of the Republic and promulgated on November 13, 1860, by president Ramón Castilla. Due to the nature of the civil war of 1856–1858, it was a moderate constitution, agreed upon by both liberals and conservatives. It was replaced by an unpopular constitution in 1867 and then re-established on the same year.
787:
constitution, with the three countries being part of Bolívar's intent to establish a
Federation in South America. The anti-Bolivarian sentiment that erupted in Peru at the time suspended the constitution after 49 days, with the 1823 constitution being re-established the next year.
1380:
1145:
has held power over much of
Peruvian society through maintaining control of institutions and legislation created in the 1993 constitution, which was written by Alberto Fujimori and his supporters without opposition participation. Due to broadly interpreted
2745:
1719:
68:, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Knowledge.
660:
The current
Constitution of Peru differs from the 1979 Constitution in that it gives greater power to the president. For example, it allowed for reelection, reduced the bicameral 240-member congress to a unicameral 120
1126:. It limited the president to a single five-year term and established a bicameral legislature consisting of a 60-member Senate (upper house) and a 180-member Chamber of Deputies (lower house). It also eliminated the
886:
to send his troops through the
Peruvian border. After the latter's triumph in 1836, assemblies were soon established to make way for the creation of the Confederation, an idea that had been floating around since the
2725:
2588:
1370:
700:
Peru has had twelve constitutions (1823, 1826, 1828, 1834, 1839, 1856, 1860, 1867, 1920, 1933, 1979 and 1993), four provisional statutes (1821, 1855, 1879 and 1883) and one confederate constitution during
2730:
54:
1181:. According to IEP polling from January 2023, when asked if they supported the calls for a new constituent assembly, 69% of respondents approved. Popular proposals for the new constitution include
2598:
812:. Despite its short duration, its importance lies in the fact that it laid the constitutional foundations of Peru, serving as a model for the following constitutions, for almost a century.
2720:
1519:
Asensio, Raúl; Camacho, Gabriela; González, Natalia; Grompone, Romeo; Pajuelo Teves, Ramón; Peña
Jimenez, Omayra; Moscoso, Macarena; Vásquez, Yerel; Sosa Villagarcia, Paolo (August 2021).
2773:
1588:
Asensio, Raúl; Camacho, Gabriela; González, Natalia; Grompone, Romeo; Pajuelo Teves, Ramón; Peña
Jimenez, Omayra; Moscoso, Macarena; Vásquez, Yerel; Sosa Villagarcia, Paolo (2021).
2735:
730:
2778:
2768:
2715:
2685:
1599:
1530:
2583:
2453:
1589:
1520:
1122:
elected in June 1978 following 10 years of military rule and replaced the suspended 1933 Constitution. It became effective in 1980 with the re-election of deposed
President
2705:
2700:
2695:
2645:
634:. The current constitution, enacted on 31 December 1993, is Peru's fifth in the 20th century and replaced the 1979 Constitution. The Constitution was drafted by the
2660:
2655:
2523:
285:
681:, the Constitution was amended to bar the president from immediate re-election, a status quo that had prevailed for most of the time since the Great Depression.
1402:
1664:
1083:
405:
250:
1340:
71:
Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
2755:
502:
1643:
2750:
1935:
1296:
terruqueo, ou seja, a construção artificial, racista e conveniente de um inimigo sociopolítico para deslegitimar formas de protesto social
653:, was promulgated on 29 December 1993. A Democratic Constitutional Congress (CCD) was elected in 1992, and the final text was approved in
2665:
597:
836:. This document legally paved the way for the federation of Peru with Bolivia, and was soon abolished due to the establishment of the
1178:
2433:
2418:
1692:
654:
541:
2508:
674:
389:
570:
2578:
1840:
1765:
1607:
1538:
888:
36:
2877:
2872:
2867:
2862:
2857:
2852:
2847:
2842:
2837:
2832:
2827:
2822:
2680:
2022:
646:
2443:
2272:
1888:
983:
523:
519:
1236:
1026:) was approved by the Constituent Assembly on August 29, 1867, and promulgated on the same day by provisional president
657:. The Constitution was primarily created by Fujimori and supporters without the participation of any opposing entities.
2670:
2267:
726:
496:
300:
79:
2603:
2102:
1058:
on
January 18, 1920. Of progressive nature, many of its contents were not enforced up until its replacement in 1933.
448:
92:
Content in this edit is translated from the existing
Spanish Knowledge article at ]; see its history for attribution.
902:, which established North Peru. Both states' constitutions prepared the countries' union with Bolivia to create the
2107:
662:
650:
423:
305:
244:
230:
1411:
2007:
1174:
903:
837:
702:
635:
1087:
2812:
2371:
1853:
1095:
590:
2817:
2790:
832:) was approved by the National Convention in Lima and promulgated on June 10, 1834, by provisional president
1091:
2740:
2411:
2396:
2138:
2133:
1905:
1870:
1208:
738:
444:
364:
334:
1154:
without cause, effectively making the legislature more powerful than the executive branch. Beginning with
1079:
2710:
2518:
1992:
1951:
1925:
1232:
1119:
750:
1812:
2493:
2171:
2156:
1182:
1031:
971:
692:
have been made in Peru, with the majority of
Peruvians showing approval of a new constitution in 2023.
397:
216:
2675:
1123:
2690:
2613:
2558:
2528:
2448:
2143:
2068:
1997:
1833:
875:
583:
489:
476:
329:
101:
1796:
1266:
290:
2593:
2568:
2543:
2503:
2488:
2458:
2345:
2195:
1956:
1308:
1198:
871:
531:
384:
87:
1632:
1562:
975:
879:
833:
2608:
2548:
2513:
2468:
2404:
2252:
2090:
339:
310:
185:
883:
780:
2563:
2553:
2533:
2478:
2473:
2463:
2012:
1982:
1213:
1170:
845:
841:
685:
468:
196:
1775:
1375:
741:
to be planned carefully. It was re-established on June 11, 1827, and abolished the next year.
2650:
2538:
2483:
2097:
1920:
1591:
El Profe: Cómo Pedro Castillo se convirtió en presidente del Perú y qué pasará a continuación
1522:
El Profe: Cómo Pedro Castillo se convirtió en presidente del Perú y qué pasará a continuación
1371:"Dina Boluarte: "La asamblea constituyente es un pretexto para seguir bloqueando carreteras""
1155:
1027:
279:
108:
2498:
2290:
2247:
2217:
2073:
1878:
1826:
1267:"A totalidade neoliberal-fujimorista: estigmatização e colonialidade no peru contemporâneo"
689:
1169:
Notable public support for a constituent assembly and a new constitution began during the
1055:
272:
201:
8:
2632:
2315:
2161:
2078:
1900:
1341:"Con primera ministra a la cabeza, así es el nuevo gabinete de Francisco Sagasti en Perú"
546:
1815:- translated by staff of the Translation Bureau of the Congress of the Republic of Peru.
2325:
2232:
2063:
2048:
2002:
1915:
1757:
734:
610:
345:
158:
1159:
947:
2262:
2242:
2237:
2222:
2181:
2085:
2058:
1970:
1930:
1761:
1633:"'Too many mistakes': Peru's president threatened with impeachment after shaky start"
1603:
1563:"'Too many mistakes': Peru's president threatened with impeachment after shaky start"
1534:
1203:
1158:, the Fujimorist Congress used this impeachment procedure liberally, also impeaching
1151:
639:
536:
507:
464:
456:
377:
266:
174:
83:
1804:
979:
809:
164:
2335:
2305:
2257:
2207:
2166:
2036:
2017:
1316:
1278:
1111:
1071:
1047:
1019:
999:
963:
939:
923:
895:
825:
801:
772:
760:
718:
678:
642:
623:
254:
126:
2364:
2282:
2176:
2121:
1987:
1861:
1638:
1567:
906:, first after its proclamation by decree, and then after an assembly that met in
899:
432:
211:
1724:
1090:
was the last to follow the constitution until its second phase, where president
237:
135:
2300:
2227:
1893:
1697:
1404:
La institución de la vicepresidencia de la república en la constitución Peruana
1163:
670:
840:, which itself established two constitutions for its constituent countries of
779:) was written by Simón Bolívar and promulgated by a government council led by
2806:
2380:
2340:
2330:
2212:
1749:
1241:
1186:
1127:
865:
784:
440:
179:
2426:
1665:"Peru's Keiko Fujimori backs long-shot effort to impeach President Castillo"
2320:
2295:
2148:
1283:
733:
on November 12, 1823. It was almost completely suspended in order to allow
2385:
1883:
1147:
1034:
which ended Prado's presidency and re-established the 1860 constitution.
564:
1595:
1526:
1150:
wording in the 1993 Constitution of Peru, the Congress can impeach the
1142:
970:) was approved by the National Convention in Lima after the successful
861:
857:
90:
to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is
1173:. Support for a new constitution increased even further following the
2637:
1910:
1345:
946:). It was promulgated on November 10, 1839, by provisional president
669:
found in the 1979 Constitution, but also gave him the power to use a
2623:
1131:
978:. It was promulgated on October 19, 1856, by provisional president
931:
1054:) was approved on December 27, 1919, and promulgated by president
1720:"Nueva Constitución: aumenta el respaldo, pero no es mayoritario"
1669:
870:
After political instability in Peru and a coup d'état in 1835, a
1818:
65:
673:, and mandated that all tax laws receive prior approval by the
436:
1587:
1518:
2310:
907:
783:. It was similar to the Bolivian constitution, and a planned
1410:(PhD). Universidad Nacional Pedro Ruiz Gallo. Archived from
1400:
1849:
1231:
950:, and was of conservative nature, unlike its predecessors.
666:
631:
1464:
1813:
English translation of the Political Constitution of Peru
2427:
Constitutions of states and dependencies in the Americas
1428:
1094:
called for a new constitution to be established and for
1500:
1476:
982:, and was of a very liberal character, leading to the
1488:
1452:
1440:
1084:
Revolutionary Government of the Armed Forces of Peru
61:
57:
a machine-translated version of the Spanish article.
1631:
808:) was promulgated on March 18, 1828, by President
1078:) was promulgated on April 9, 1933, by president
98:{{Translated|es|Historia constitucional de Perú}}
2804:
910:, which authored the constitution of the state.
874:broke out between newly self-declared president
960:Political Constitution of the Peruvian Republic
920:Political Constitution of the Peruvian Republic
866:Constitution of the Peru–Bolivian Confederation
822:Political Constitution of the Peruvian Republic
798:Political Constitution of the Peruvian Republic
715:Political Constitution of the Peruvian Republic
86:accompanying your translation by providing an
48:Click for important translation instructions.
35:expand this article with text translated from
2412:
1834:
928:Constitución Política de la República Peruana
830:Constitución Política de la República Peruana
806:Constitución Política de la República Peruana
723:Constitución Política de la República Peruana
665:, not only affirmed the president's power to
591:
2746:South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
1237:"Country Briefings: Peru – Political forces"
1301:
894:In Peru, two assemblies were convened: the
2419:
2405:
1841:
1827:
598:
584:
1693:"Can Pedro Castillo Save His Presidency?"
1282:
1177:by President Castillo and the subsequent
614:Constitution of Peru (miniature book).jpg
1512:
1264:
1030:. Its extremely liberal nature led to a
934:, leading to it being also known as the
930:) was approved by a General Congress in
898:, which established South Peru, and the
609:
1748:
1581:
1506:
1482:
1470:
1458:
1434:
1118:) was promulgated on 12 July 1979 by a
1116:Constitución para la República del Perú
1086:established in 1968 after a successful
1052:Constitución para la República del Perú
2805:
1774:
1717:
1494:
1446:
1313:Encyclopedia of the Nations – Americas
1271:Revista Brasileira de Ciências Sociais
765:Constitución para la República Peruana
757:Constitution for the Peruvian Republic
649:that followed his 1992 dissolution of
647:Peruvian Constitutional Crisis of 1992
2400:
1822:
1690:
1646:from the original on 10 December 2022
1265:Villalba, Fernando Velásquez (2022).
1260:
1258:
1179:2022–2023 Peruvian political protests
1108:Constitution for the Republic of Peru
1044:Constitution for the Republic of Peru
851:
1780:Nuevo Compendio de Historia del Perú
1383:from the original on 17 January 2023
1365:
1363:
1335:
1333:
1101:
1061:
1037:
1009:
989:
968:Constitución de la República Peruana
953:
913:
815:
791:
744:
708:
17:
1684:
1629:
1560:
974:carried out against then president
13:
1754:Historia de la República del Perú
1657:
1623:
1401:Freddy Ronald Centurión González.
1255:
1137:
163:
14:
2889:
1848:
1787:
1691:Tegel, Simeon (15 October 2021).
1360:
1330:
882:, who allowed Bolivian president
675:Ministry of Economics and Finance
2622:
2589:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
558:
271:
236:
134:
22:
1742:
1711:
1554:
984:Peruvian Civil War of 1856–1858
636:Democratic Constituent Congress
1394:
1225:
1076:Constitución Política del Perú
1068:Political Constitution of Peru
1024:Constitución Política del Perú
1016:Political Constitution of Peru
1004:Constitución Política del Perú
996:Political Constitution of Peru
688:, calls for the creation of a
628:Constitución Política del Perú
620:Political Constitution of Peru
96:You may also add the template
1:
1600:Institute of Peruvian Studies
1531:Institute of Peruvian Studies
1219:
878:and constitutional president
729:and promulgated by President
346:Office of the Public Defender
280:Supreme Court of the Republic
1805:Former constitutions of Peru
1718:Pereda, David (2023-01-16).
1209:Rule according to higher law
727:Constituent Congress of Peru
7:
2878:1993 establishments in Peru
2873:1979 establishments in Peru
2868:1933 establishments in Peru
2863:1920 establishments in Peru
2858:1867 establishments in Peru
2853:1860 establishments in Peru
2848:1856 establishments in Peru
2843:1839 establishments in Peru
2838:1834 establishments in Peru
2833:1828 establishments in Peru
2828:1826 establishments in Peru
2823:1823 establishments in Peru
2273:Water supply and sanitation
1594:(in Spanish) (1 ed.).
1525:(in Spanish) (1 ed.).
1233:Economist Intelligence Unit
1192:
1134:to all adults 18 or older.
904:Peru–Bolivian Confederation
838:Peru–Bolivian Confederation
751:Constitution of Peru (1826)
725:) was written by the first
703:Peru–Bolivian Confederation
497:Ministry of Foreign Affairs
459:(Provincial municipalities)
449:1 Metropolitan Municipality
10:
2894:
2268:Water resources management
1379:(in Spanish). 2023-01-17.
1183:mandatory military service
1092:Francisco Morales Bermúdez
855:
748:
695:
358:Financial superintendence
301:Superior Courts of Justice
60:Machine translation, like
2764:
2731:Saint Pierre and Miquelon
2631:
2620:
2432:
2358:
2281:
2203:
2194:
2129:
2120:
2044:
2035:
1978:
1969:
1944:
1869:
1860:
1630:Taj, Mitra (2021-12-07).
1561:Taj, Mitra (2021-12-07).
1080:Luis Miguel Sánchez Cerro
876:Felipe Santiago Salaverry
477:Populated centers of Peru
441:1 special regime province
437:1 constitutional province
330:National Board of Justice
37:the corresponding article
2751:Turks and Caicos Islands
1797:The Constitution of Peru
1199:Constitutional economics
1130:for voting and extended
944:Constitución de Huancayo
663:Congress of the Republic
630:) is the supreme law of
424:Administrative divisions
306:Courts of First Instance
245:Congress of the Republic
1926:Ecuadorian–Peruvian War
1750:Basadre Grohmann, Jorge
1124:Fernando Belaúnde Terry
469:District municipalities
445:25 regional governments
355:Comptrollership General
186:Vice Presidents of Peru
107:For more guidance, see
2666:British Virgin Islands
1214:Reglamento Provisional
1171:2020 Peruvian protests
1115:
1075:
1051:
1023:
1003:
967:
943:
927:
829:
805:
777:Constitución Vitalicia
776:
764:
731:José Bernardo de Tagle
722:
686:2020 Peruvian protests
627:
615:
520:Diplomatic missions of
197:Prime Minister of Peru
168:
2813:Constitutions of Peru
2579:Saint Kitts and Nevis
2108:Regions and provinces
1156:Pedro Pablo Kuczynski
1028:Mariano Ignacio Prado
976:José Rufino Echenique
936:Huancayo Constitution
880:Luis José de Orbegoso
834:Luis José de Orbegoso
769:Lifetime Constitution
767:), also known as the
638:that was convened by
613:
167:
109:Knowledge:Translation
80:copyright attribution
2818:Peruvian legislation
2023:World Heritage Sites
1776:Tamayo Herrera, José
1284:10.1590/3710906/2022
1128:literacy requirement
1120:Constituent Assembly
884:Andrés de Santa Cruz
781:Andrés de Santa Cruz
690:constituent assembly
390:Electoral Processes
365:Central Reserve Bank
335:Constitutional Court
2756:U.S. Virgin Islands
2599:Trinidad and Tobago
2444:Antigua and Barbuda
1906:War of Independence
1185:and legalizing the
889:era of independence
286:Javier Arévalo Vela
2509:Dominican Republic
2172:Telecommunications
1916:War of the Pacific
1782:. Editorial Lumen.
1473:, p. 119–121.
1309:"Peru: Government"
972:liberal revolution
852:1836 Constitutions
616:
406:National Registry
398:Jury of Elections
169:
88:interlanguage link
2800:
2799:
2394:
2393:
2354:
2353:
2243:List of Peruvians
2190:
2189:
2116:
2115:
2103:Political parties
2069:Foreign relations
2031:
2030:
1965:
1964:
1931:Internal conflict
1921:Colombia–Peru War
1767:978-612-306-353-5
1609:978-612-326-084-2
1540:978-612-326-084-2
1437:, p. 93–115.
1277:(109): e3710906.
1204:Constitutionalism
1175:self-coup attempt
1152:President of Peru
1102:1979 Constitution
1096:general elections
1062:1933 Constitution
1056:Augusto B. Leguía
1038:1920 Constitution
1010:1867 Constitution
990:1860 Constitution
954:1856 Constitution
914:1839 Constitution
816:1834 Constitution
792:1828 Constitution
745:1826 Constitution
709:1823 Constitution
655:a 1993 referendum
608:
607:
542:Visa requirements
490:Foreign relations
202:Gustavo Adrianzén
175:President of Peru
120:
119:
49:
45:
2885:
2721:Saint Barthélemy
2681:Falkland Islands
2626:
2421:
2414:
2407:
2398:
2397:
2374:
2367:
2201:
2200:
2152:
2127:
2126:
2042:
2041:
1976:
1975:
1936:Political crisis
1889:Spanish conquest
1879:Ancient cultures
1867:
1866:
1843:
1836:
1829:
1820:
1819:
1811:
1803:
1795:
1783:
1771:
1737:
1736:
1734:
1733:
1715:
1709:
1708:
1706:
1705:
1688:
1682:
1681:
1679:
1678:
1661:
1655:
1654:
1652:
1651:
1635:
1627:
1621:
1620:
1618:
1616:
1585:
1579:
1578:
1576:
1575:
1558:
1552:
1551:
1549:
1547:
1516:
1510:
1504:
1498:
1492:
1486:
1480:
1474:
1468:
1462:
1456:
1450:
1444:
1438:
1432:
1426:
1425:
1423:
1422:
1416:
1409:
1398:
1392:
1391:
1389:
1388:
1367:
1358:
1357:
1355:
1354:
1337:
1328:
1327:
1325:
1324:
1305:
1299:
1298:
1293:
1291:
1286:
1262:
1253:
1252:
1250:
1249:
1229:
896:Sicuani Assembly
679:Alberto Fujimori
643:Alberto Fujimori
600:
593:
586:
563:
562:
561:
511:
409:
401:
393:
385:Electoral system
361:
350:
294:
275:
255:Eduardo Salhuana
240:
138:
127:Politics of Peru
122:
121:
99:
93:
66:Google Translate
47:
43:
26:
25:
18:
2893:
2892:
2888:
2887:
2886:
2884:
2883:
2882:
2803:
2802:
2801:
2796:
2774:Central America
2760:
2635:
2627:
2618:
2435:
2428:
2425:
2395:
2390:
2377:
2370:
2363:
2350:
2277:
2253:Public holidays
2186:
2150:
2112:
2027:
2008:Protected areas
2003:Natural regions
1961:
1940:
1856:
1847:
1809:
1801:
1793:
1790:
1768:
1756:. Vol. 2.
1745:
1740:
1731:
1729:
1716:
1712:
1703:
1701:
1689:
1685:
1676:
1674:
1663:
1662:
1658:
1649:
1647:
1639:Financial Times
1628:
1624:
1614:
1612:
1610:
1586:
1582:
1573:
1571:
1568:Financial Times
1559:
1555:
1545:
1543:
1541:
1517:
1513:
1505:
1501:
1493:
1489:
1481:
1477:
1469:
1465:
1457:
1453:
1445:
1441:
1433:
1429:
1420:
1418:
1414:
1407:
1399:
1395:
1386:
1384:
1369:
1368:
1361:
1352:
1350:
1339:
1338:
1331:
1322:
1320:
1307:
1306:
1302:
1289:
1287:
1263:
1256:
1247:
1245:
1230:
1226:
1222:
1195:
1160:Martín Vizcarra
1140:
1138:Proposed reform
1104:
1064:
1040:
1012:
992:
956:
948:Agustín Gamarra
916:
900:Huaura Assembly
868:
856:Main articles:
854:
818:
794:
753:
747:
711:
698:
604:
575:
571:Other countries
565:Peru portal
559:
557:
552:
551:
532:Nationality law
528:
516:
505:
492:
482:
481:
475:
463:
455:
431:
426:
416:
415:
407:
399:
391:
380:
370:
369:
359:
352:
348:
347:
340:Public Ministry
325:
317:
316:
315:
311:Courts of Peace
296:
288:
283:
276:
269:
259:
258:
257:
253:
248:
241:
233:
223:
222:
221:
207:
206:
200:
191:
189:
178:
161:
151:
129:
116:
115:
114:
97:
91:
50:
27:
23:
12:
11:
5:
2891:
2881:
2880:
2875:
2870:
2865:
2860:
2855:
2850:
2845:
2840:
2835:
2830:
2825:
2820:
2815:
2798:
2797:
2795:
2794:
2787:
2785:
2783:
2781:
2776:
2771:
2765:
2762:
2761:
2759:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2743:
2738:
2736:Sint Eustatius
2733:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2671:Cayman Islands
2668:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2648:
2642:
2640:
2629:
2628:
2621:
2619:
2617:
2616:
2611:
2606:
2601:
2596:
2591:
2586:
2581:
2576:
2571:
2566:
2561:
2556:
2551:
2546:
2541:
2536:
2531:
2526:
2521:
2516:
2511:
2506:
2501:
2496:
2491:
2486:
2481:
2476:
2471:
2466:
2461:
2456:
2451:
2446:
2440:
2438:
2430:
2429:
2424:
2423:
2416:
2409:
2401:
2392:
2391:
2389:
2388:
2383:
2376:
2375:
2368:
2360:
2359:
2356:
2355:
2352:
2351:
2349:
2348:
2343:
2338:
2333:
2328:
2323:
2318:
2313:
2308:
2303:
2298:
2293:
2287:
2285:
2279:
2278:
2276:
2275:
2270:
2265:
2260:
2255:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2235:
2230:
2225:
2220:
2215:
2210:
2204:
2198:
2192:
2191:
2188:
2187:
2185:
2184:
2179:
2174:
2169:
2164:
2162:Stock Exchange
2159:
2154:
2146:
2141:
2136:
2130:
2124:
2118:
2117:
2114:
2113:
2111:
2110:
2105:
2100:
2095:
2094:
2093:
2083:
2082:
2081:
2071:
2066:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2045:
2039:
2033:
2032:
2029:
2028:
2026:
2025:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1995:
1990:
1985:
1979:
1973:
1967:
1966:
1963:
1962:
1960:
1959:
1954:
1948:
1946:
1942:
1941:
1939:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1918:
1913:
1908:
1903:
1898:
1897:
1896:
1894:Neo-Inca State
1891:
1881:
1875:
1873:
1864:
1858:
1857:
1846:
1845:
1838:
1831:
1823:
1817:
1816:
1807:
1799:
1789:
1788:External links
1786:
1785:
1784:
1772:
1766:
1744:
1741:
1739:
1738:
1710:
1698:Foreign Policy
1683:
1656:
1622:
1608:
1602:. p. 92.
1580:
1553:
1539:
1533:. p. 92.
1511:
1509:, p. 122.
1499:
1497:, p. 254.
1487:
1485:, p. 121.
1475:
1463:
1461:, p. 118.
1451:
1449:, p. 253.
1439:
1427:
1393:
1359:
1329:
1300:
1254:
1235:(2005-01-12).
1223:
1221:
1218:
1217:
1216:
1211:
1206:
1201:
1194:
1191:
1164:Pedro Castillo
1139:
1136:
1103:
1100:
1063:
1060:
1039:
1036:
1011:
1008:
991:
988:
980:Ramón Castilla
955:
952:
915:
912:
853:
850:
817:
814:
810:José de la Mar
793:
790:
749:Main article:
746:
743:
710:
707:
697:
694:
671:line item veto
606:
605:
603:
602:
595:
588:
580:
577:
576:
574:
573:
567:
554:
553:
550:
549:
544:
539:
534:
527:
526:
515:
514:
513:
512:
503:Elmer Schialer
493:
488:
487:
484:
483:
480:
479:
472:
465:1874 districts
460:
452:
433:24 departments
427:
422:
421:
418:
417:
414:
413:
412:
411:
403:
395:
381:
376:
375:
372:
371:
368:
367:
362:
356:
353:
344:
342:
337:
332:
326:
323:
322:
319:
318:
314:
313:
308:
303:
297:
270:
265:
264:
261:
260:
249:
242:
235:
234:
229:
228:
225:
224:
220:
219:
214:
208:
205:
204:
193:
182:
170:
162:
157:
156:
153:
152:
147:
144:
143:
140:
139:
131:
130:
125:
118:
117:
113:
112:
105:
94:
72:
69:
58:
51:
32:
31:
30:
28:
21:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2890:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2836:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2824:
2821:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2811:
2810:
2808:
2793:
2792:
2791:South America
2788:
2786:
2784:
2782:
2780:
2777:
2775:
2772:
2770:
2769:North America
2767:
2766:
2763:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2686:French Guiana
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2644:
2643:
2641:
2639:
2634:
2630:
2625:
2615:
2612:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2604:United States
2602:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2557:
2555:
2552:
2550:
2547:
2545:
2542:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2467:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2442:
2441:
2439:
2437:
2431:
2422:
2417:
2415:
2410:
2408:
2403:
2402:
2399:
2387:
2384:
2382:
2379:
2378:
2373:
2369:
2366:
2362:
2361:
2357:
2347:
2344:
2342:
2339:
2337:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2327:
2324:
2322:
2319:
2317:
2314:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2304:
2302:
2299:
2297:
2294:
2292:
2289:
2288:
2286:
2284:
2280:
2274:
2271:
2269:
2266:
2264:
2261:
2259:
2256:
2254:
2251:
2249:
2246:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2236:
2234:
2231:
2229:
2226:
2224:
2221:
2219:
2216:
2214:
2211:
2209:
2206:
2205:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2193:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2131:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2119:
2109:
2106:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2096:
2092:
2089:
2088:
2087:
2084:
2080:
2077:
2076:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2047:
2046:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2034:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1984:
1981:
1980:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1968:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1949:
1947:
1943:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1919:
1917:
1914:
1912:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1902:
1899:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1887:
1886:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1877:
1876:
1874:
1872:
1868:
1865:
1863:
1859:
1855:
1851:
1844:
1839:
1837:
1832:
1830:
1825:
1824:
1821:
1814:
1808:
1806:
1800:
1798:
1792:
1791:
1781:
1777:
1773:
1769:
1763:
1759:
1755:
1751:
1747:
1746:
1727:
1726:
1721:
1714:
1700:
1699:
1694:
1687:
1672:
1671:
1666:
1660:
1645:
1641:
1640:
1634:
1626:
1611:
1605:
1601:
1597:
1593:
1592:
1584:
1570:
1569:
1564:
1557:
1542:
1536:
1532:
1528:
1524:
1523:
1515:
1508:
1503:
1496:
1491:
1484:
1479:
1472:
1467:
1460:
1455:
1448:
1443:
1436:
1431:
1417:on 2019-10-19
1413:
1406:
1405:
1397:
1382:
1378:
1377:
1372:
1366:
1364:
1348:
1347:
1342:
1336:
1334:
1318:
1314:
1310:
1304:
1297:
1285:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1268:
1261:
1259:
1244:
1243:
1242:The Economist
1238:
1234:
1228:
1224:
1215:
1212:
1210:
1207:
1205:
1202:
1200:
1197:
1196:
1190:
1188:
1187:death penalty
1184:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1167:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1144:
1135:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1099:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1059:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1035:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1007:
1005:
1001:
997:
987:
985:
981:
977:
973:
969:
965:
961:
951:
949:
945:
941:
937:
933:
929:
925:
921:
911:
909:
905:
901:
897:
892:
890:
885:
881:
877:
873:
867:
863:
859:
849:
847:
843:
839:
835:
831:
827:
823:
813:
811:
807:
803:
799:
789:
786:
782:
778:
774:
770:
766:
762:
758:
752:
742:
740:
736:
735:Simón Bolívar
732:
728:
724:
720:
716:
706:
704:
693:
691:
687:
682:
680:
676:
672:
668:
664:
658:
656:
652:
648:
644:
641:
637:
633:
629:
625:
621:
612:
601:
596:
594:
589:
587:
582:
581:
579:
578:
572:
569:
568:
566:
556:
555:
548:
545:
543:
540:
538:
535:
533:
530:
529:
525:
521:
518:
517:
509:
504:
500:
499:
498:
495:
494:
491:
486:
485:
478:
473:
470:
466:
461:
458:
457:196 provinces
453:
450:
446:
442:
438:
434:
429:
428:
425:
420:
419:
410:
404:
402:
396:
394:
388:
387:
386:
383:
382:
379:
374:
373:
366:
363:
357:
354:
351:
343:
341:
338:
336:
333:
331:
328:
327:
321:
320:
312:
309:
307:
304:
302:
299:
298:
295:
292:
287:
282:
281:
274:
268:
263:
262:
256:
252:
247:
246:
239:
232:
227:
226:
218:
215:
213:
210:
209:
203:
199:
198:
194:
188:
187:
183:
181:
180:Dina Boluarte
177:
176:
172:
171:
166:
160:
155:
154:
150:
146:
145:
142:
141:
137:
133:
132:
128:
124:
123:
110:
106:
103:
95:
89:
85:
81:
77:
73:
70:
67:
63:
59:
56:
53:
52:
46:
40:
38:
33:You can help
29:
20:
19:
16:
2789:
2741:Sint Maarten
2726:Saint Martin
2633:Dependencies
2573:
2321:Machu Picchu
2291:Architecture
2248:Prostitution
2218:Demographics
2139:Central Bank
2074:Human rights
2054:Constitution
2053:
1810:(in English)
1802:(in Spanish)
1794:(in Spanish)
1779:
1753:
1743:Bibliography
1730:. Retrieved
1728:(in Spanish)
1725:La República
1723:
1713:
1702:. Retrieved
1696:
1686:
1675:. Retrieved
1673:. 2021-11-19
1668:
1659:
1648:. Retrieved
1637:
1625:
1613:. Retrieved
1590:
1583:
1572:. Retrieved
1566:
1556:
1544:. Retrieved
1521:
1514:
1507:Basadre 2014
1502:
1490:
1483:Basadre 2014
1478:
1471:Basadre 2014
1466:
1459:Basadre 2014
1454:
1442:
1435:Basadre 2014
1430:
1419:. Retrieved
1412:the original
1403:
1396:
1385:. Retrieved
1376:La Republica
1374:
1351:. Retrieved
1349:. 2020-11-19
1344:
1321:. Retrieved
1317:Thomson Gale
1312:
1303:
1295:
1288:. Retrieved
1274:
1270:
1246:. Retrieved
1240:
1227:
1168:
1141:
1107:
1105:
1098:to be held.
1067:
1065:
1043:
1041:
1015:
1013:
995:
993:
959:
957:
935:
919:
917:
893:
869:
821:
819:
797:
795:
768:
756:
754:
714:
712:
699:
683:
659:
619:
617:
474:Fourth level
454:Second level
278:
277:
243:
195:
192:Vacant (2nd)
190:Vacant (1st)
184:
173:
149:Constitution
148:
84:edit summary
75:
44:(March 2009)
42:
34:
15:
2711:Puerto Rico
2638:territories
2584:Saint Lucia
2519:El Salvador
2157:Electricity
2134:Agriculture
2091:enforcement
1993:Earthquakes
1952:Demographic
1901:Viceroyalty
1884:Inca Empire
1758:El Comercio
1615:17 November
1546:17 November
1495:Tamayo 1985
1447:Tamayo 1985
1148:impeachment
1088:coup d'état
645:during the
547:Visa policy
506: [
462:Third level
430:First level
349:(Ombudsman)
289: [
231:Legislature
2807:Categories
2706:Montserrat
2701:Martinique
2696:Guadeloupe
2494:Costa Rica
2316:Literature
2233:Irrigation
2151:(currency)
2064:Government
2049:Censorship
1732:2023-05-28
1704:2021-12-13
1677:2021-12-13
1650:2021-12-13
1596:Lima, Peru
1574:2021-12-13
1527:Lima, Peru
1421:2019-10-19
1387:2023-01-17
1353:2023-01-26
1323:2007-02-23
1290:18 January
1248:2007-02-23
1220:References
1143:Fujimorism
862:South Peru
858:North Peru
846:South Peru
842:North Peru
684:Since the
501:Minister:
324:Autonomies
284:President
217:Ministries
39:in Spanish
2779:Caribbean
2691:Greenland
2614:Venezuela
2559:Nicaragua
2529:Guatemala
2449:Argentina
2434:Sovereign
2263:Squatting
2238:Languages
2223:Education
2182:Transport
2144:Companies
2059:Elections
1998:Mountains
1971:Geography
1911:Guano Era
1346:France 24
1032:civil war
872:civil war
785:Colombian
640:President
378:Elections
267:Judiciary
251:President
159:Executive
102:talk page
2646:Anguilla
2594:Suriname
2569:Paraguay
2544:Honduras
2504:Dominica
2489:Colombia
2459:Barbados
2381:Category
2336:Religion
2258:Religion
2208:Abortion
2167:Taxation
2098:Military
2037:Politics
2018:Wildlife
1957:Economic
1945:By topic
1871:Timeline
1854:articles
1778:(1985).
1752:(2014).
1644:Archived
1381:Archived
1193:See also
1132:suffrage
932:Huancayo
739:campaign
705:(1837).
651:Congress
537:Passport
408:(RENIEC)
78:provide
2676:Curaçao
2661:Bonaire
2656:Bermuda
2609:Uruguay
2549:Jamaica
2524:Grenada
2514:Ecuador
2469:Bolivia
2454:Bahamas
2365:Outline
2346:Symbols
2306:Cuisine
2283:Culture
2196:Society
2177:Tourism
2122:Economy
1988:Climate
1862:History
1670:Reuters
1112:Spanish
1072:Spanish
1048:Spanish
1020:Spanish
1000:Spanish
964:Spanish
940:Spanish
924:Spanish
826:Spanish
802:Spanish
773:Spanish
761:Spanish
719:Spanish
696:History
624:Spanish
524:in Peru
212:Cabinet
100:to the
82:in the
41:.
2564:Panama
2554:Mexico
2534:Guyana
2479:Canada
2474:Brazil
2464:Belize
2436:states
2386:Portal
2301:Cinema
2228:Health
2013:Rivers
1983:Cities
1852:
1764:
1606:
1537:
1319:. 2006
1082:. The
864:, and
392:(ONPE)
2651:Aruba
2539:Haiti
2484:Chile
2372:Index
2341:Sport
2331:Music
2326:Media
2311:Llama
2213:Crime
1415:(PDF)
1408:(PDF)
908:Tacna
510:]
400:(JNE)
360:(SBS)
293:]
62:DeepL
2716:Saba
2636:and
2574:Peru
2499:Cuba
2149:Sol
2079:LGBT
1850:Peru
1762:ISBN
1617:2021
1604:ISBN
1548:2021
1535:ISBN
1292:2023
1162:and
1106:The
1066:The
1042:The
1014:The
994:The
958:The
918:The
844:and
820:The
796:The
755:The
713:The
667:veto
632:Peru
618:The
447:and
439:and
76:must
74:You
55:View
2296:Art
2086:Law
1279:doi
737:'s
64:or
2809::
1760:.
1722:.
1695:.
1667:.
1642:.
1636:.
1598::
1565:.
1529::
1373:.
1362:^
1343:.
1332:^
1315:.
1311:.
1294:.
1275:37
1273:.
1269:.
1257:^
1239:.
1189:.
1166:.
1114::
1074::
1050::
1022::
1002::
986:.
966::
942::
926::
891:.
860:,
848:.
828::
804::
775::
763::
721::
626::
522:/
508:es
435:,
291:es
2420:e
2413:t
2406:v
1842:e
1835:t
1828:v
1770:.
1735:.
1707:.
1680:.
1653:.
1619:.
1577:.
1550:.
1424:.
1390:.
1356:.
1326:.
1281::
1251:.
1110:(
1070:(
1046:(
1018:(
998:(
962:(
938:(
922:(
824:(
800:(
771:(
759:(
717:(
622:(
599:e
592:t
585:v
471:)
467:(
451:)
443:(
111:.
104:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
.png){kind=small}
