862:, published 4 July 2018, dated 8 June 2018 ("Approved by the Holy Father in an audience on June 8, 2018"). Paragraph 88: "In vocational guidance and when there is need to describe the characteristics of this vocation and the requirements for admission to consecration, the condition of virginity will be presented starting with the rich symbolism of its biblical foundations, within the framework of an anthropological vision solidly based on Christian revelation. On this basis the different dimensions, physical, psychological and spiritual, are integrated and considered in their dynamic connection to the lived history of the person and in openness to the unceasing action of divine grace that directs, guides and invigorates her on the path of holiness. As a treasure of inestimable value that God pours into clay vessels (cf. 2 Cor 4:7), this vocation is truly an undeserved gift. It encounters the person in her actual humanity, always in need of redemption and yearning for the full meaning of her existence. It finds its origin and dynamic centre in the grace of God, who unceasingly acts with the tenderness and the strength of his merciful love in the often complex and sometimes contradictory events of human life, helping the person to grasp her uniqueness and the unity of her being, enabling her to make a total gift of self. In this context it should be kept in mind that the call to give witness to the Church’s virginal, spousal and fruitful love for Christ is not reducible to the symbol of physical integrity. Thus to have kept her body in perfect continence or to have practised the virtue of chastity in an exemplary way, while of great importance with regard to the discernment, are not essential prerequisites in the absence of which admittance to consecration is not possible. The discernment therefore requires good judgement and insight, and it must be carried out individually. Each aspirant and candidate is called to examine her own vocation with regard to her own personal history, in honesty and authenticity before God, and with the help of spiritual accompaniment."
1003:
disciplina della
Consecratio Virginum risulta essere inconciliabile con le norme giuridiche allora vigenti: innanzitutto, per il CIC/1917 solo lo stato religioso, con la professione dei tre consigli evangelici e la vita in comune, può dare un riconoscimento canonico pubblico; inoltre, solo il voto solenne di castità costituisce un impedimento matrimoniale dirimente e solo i membri di Ordini religiosi approvati possono emettere questo voto, per cui l'impegno di una vergine consacrata in saeculo viventes è equivalente a un voto semplice, privo di efficacia irritante di eventuali nozze, pur non essendo un voto privato e segreto. Jombart, pur ammettendo il valore della scelta verginale anche fuori del contesto della vita religiosa, sostiene che essa non può procurare tutti i mezzi di perfezione che si trovano invece nella clausura, nella vita in comune, nelle costituzioni e nella paterna vigilanza dei superiori; inoltre, il ricevere la consacrazione in una cerimonia molto imponente, può indurre le consacrate che vivono nel mondo a giudicare il loro stato superiore a quello delle religiose, distogliendo anche qualche donna dall'entrare in monastero." Katiuscia Scarpone,
31:
194:
587:
that: "to have kept her body in perfect continence or to have practised the virtue of chastity in an exemplary way, while of great importance with regard to the discernment, are not essential prerequisites in the absence of which admittance to consecration is not possible." The statement was published in reaction to bishops requesting clarification due to the growing number of women showing interest in the vocation. The new clause leaves it to the "good judgement and insight" of the bishop to discern the suitability of a candidate to her vocation.
1634:
218:
2027:
469:) had long fallen out of use, and was in contradiction to the then current Canon Law of 1917. It was also argued that the official sanction of a vow of virginity in a "very imposing ceremony" might risk to lead the women so consecrated to judge their status as superior to those of nuns, whose solemn vows are not accompanied by similar ceremonies, and even to divert some women who would otherwise have chosen a monastic vocation.
664:§1. Similar to these forms of consecrated life is the order of virgins, who, committed to the holy plan of following Christ more closely, are consecrated to God by the diocesan bishop according to the approved liturgical rite, are betrothed mystically to Christ, the Son of God, and are dedicated to the service of the Church.
443:
The modern revival of the rite of the consecration of virgins in the
Catholic Church for women living outside of religious communities is associated with Anne Leflaive (1899–1987). The consecration of virgins after the fashion of the ancient Church was supported by certain French bishops in the
586:
The 1970 decree states as a requirement that candidates "have never married or lived in open violation of chastity". While the lack of a strict requirement of virginity was only implied by omission in the 1970 document, the
Vatican on 4 July 2018 released a clarifying statement, explicitly conceding
789:
Congregation for
Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life (CICLSAL), September 2015 survey. "A September 2015 survey sent to the 114 episcopal conferences around the world indicated that there are around 4,000 consecrated virgins in the Catholic Church, living in at least 78
622:
and becomes a member of the Order of
Virgins. By receiving the sacramental constitutive consecration, she is "elevated to the dignity of bride of Christ, and joined by an indissoluble bond with the Son of God". This elevation into the role and reality of Bride of Christ occurs for the recipient of
582:
The number of consecrated virgins under the 1970 rite of consecration has grown into the thousands over the course of four decades. As of 2008, the United States
Association of Consecrated Virgins (USACV) gave an "educated guess" of a total number of 3,000 consecrated virgins in 42 countries. In a
344:
was widely upheld as a dogma by the Church
Fathers from the 4th century. The tradition of a ritual form of the consecration also dates to the 4th century, but it is widely held that a more informal consecration was imparted to consecrate women by their bishops dating from the time of the Apostles.
575:
Consecrated virgins belong to the consecrated life. Those living in the world are not supported financially by their bishop, but must provide for their own upkeep. However, the early Church, a portion of the tithes went to the financial support of the virgins (Apost. Const. VIII. 30). Consecrated
559:
states the following requirements for women living in the world to receive the consecration: "that they have never married or lived in open violation of chastity; that, by their prudence and universally approved character, they give assurance of perseverance in a life of chastity dedicated to the
1002:
sia stato o espressamente abolito da leggi ecclesiastici o caduto in disuso da molto tempo; inoltre, rileva che il Codice di diritto canonico all'epoca vigente non contiene alcuna norma a questo proposito, per cui la disciplina applicabile è solo quella desumibile dal
Pontificale, anzi l'antica
472:
It was significantly due to Anne
Leflaive's efforts over the following decades this ban was eventually rescinded in 1970. In 1939, Leflaive founded the secular missionaries of Catholic Action, an institute of celibate women or widows living in the world, which was, however, suppressed in 1946.
1154:, known in Christian communities ever since apostolic times. Consecrated by the diocesan bishop, these women acquire a particular link with the Church, which they are committed to serve while remaining in the world. Either alone or in association with others, they constitute
1412:§ 1. Hisce vitae consecratae formis accedit ordo virginum quae, sanctum propositum emittentes Christum pressius sequendi, ab Episcopo dioecesano iuxte probatum ritum liturgicum Deo consecrantur, Christo Dei Filio mystice desponsantur et Ecclesiae servitio dedicantur.
623:
the consecration. The liturgical ritual contained in the Roman
Pontifical has two forms, one for bestowing the consecration to women "living in the world" and the other for nuns. Thus, the Order of Virgins has members who live in the world and members who are nuns.
636:('Consecration of Virgins'). The usual minister of the rite of consecration is the bishop who is the local ordinary. The consecrated virgin is committed to perpetual virginity and to leading a life of prayer and service . She is "strongly advised" to recite the
583:
2015 survey, the Congregation for Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life (CICLSAL) established an estimated number of 4,000 consecrated virgins in 78 countries, with a growing tendency, with a projected increase to about 5,000 by 2018.
874:
7:34 "There is difference also between a wife and a virgin. The unmarried woman careth for the things of the Lord, that she may be holy both in body and in spirit: but she that is married careth for the things of the world, how she may please her husband."
541:
This then is the primary purpose, this the central idea of Christian virginity: to aim only at the divine, to turn thereto the whole mind and soul; to want to please God in everything, to think of Him continually, to consecrate body and soul completely to
759:
395 nos. 3253-3262. The Rite of consecration of virgins who belonged to monastic communities without their own proper Rite was revised and published as the variant of the Rite of consecration to a life of virginity in the 1970 Roman Pontifical. See also:
609:
in July, 2018. In June 2020, Pope Francis addressed a letter to the consecrated virgins on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the promulgation of the revised rite of the Consecration of Virgins, calling their vocation as "a sign of hope".
626:
Both the consecration of a virgin living in the world and that of a nun are reserved to their diocesan bishop; it is for him to decide on the conditions under which a virgin living in the world is to undertake a life of perpetual virginity.
518:
addressing the vocation of nuns and their role in preserving the separate patrimony of the early virgins. This revived interest in the consecration of virgins. In his apostolic constitution, Pius XII decreed that only nuns living in
501:, Leflaive strictly rejected such a possibility, arguing that "Christ and His Church offer to the woman a gift of great plentitude [sic]" in the form of the Consecration of Virgins, already inscribed in the
594:
The entire tradition of the Church has firmly upheld that a woman must have received the gift of virginity – that is, both material and formal (physical and spiritual) – in order to receive the consecration of
606:
460:
153:
567:
as a sign of her consecration, as in ancient times. The nuptial symbolism of the rite was displayed particularly in the bestowal of the veil on the virgin by the bishop, as can be found in the writings of
1092:
481:, who were receptive to her ideas. During the 1950s, Leflaive visited Rome once a year in order to lobby at the Vatican for the re-instatement of the rite of consecration of virgins. Leflaive published
667:§2. In order to observe their commitment more faithfully and to perform by mutual support service to the Church which is in harmony with their state these virgins can form themselves into associations.
1459:
463:. The reply given on 25 March 1927 was in the negative. The Congregation forbade the revival of this type of consecration. The 1927 decree argued that the consecration of virgins living in the world (
794:
550:
and published in 1970. This consecration could be bestowed either on women in monastic orders or on women living in the world, the form of life that had been found in the early Church.
590:
The US Association of Consecrated Virgins released a statement calling the new guidance "shocking" and "deeply disappointing" as well as "intentionally convoluted and confusing":
790:
countries. (It is worth noting that less than half— 42%— of the countries known to have consecrated virgins responded to the survey, so the actual numbers are likely higher.)"
579:
In 1972, Elizabeth Bailey became the first virgin to be consecrated under the revised rite in England, and the first known consecrated virgin in Britain since the 3rd century.
546:
In 1963, the Second Vatican Council requested a revision of the rite of the consecration of virgins that was found in the Roman Pontifical. The revised rite was approved by
1062:
1100:
934:
618:
By the rite of consecration the diocesan bishop sets the virgin apart as a sacred person. The virgin who receives the consecration henceforth belongs to the
1274:
1511:
1415:§ 2. Ad suum propositum fidelius servandum et ad servitium Ecclesiae, proprio statui consonum, mutuo adiutorio perficiendum, virgines consociari possunt.
1159:
111:. The consecration of virgins for nuns who made their final profession of vows outlasted times in various forms and without discontinuation in bestowal.
889:
532:
791:
431:
monasteries, it is mentioned in the Rule of Saint Clare of Assisi and its optional bestowing is also provided for in the constitutions of the first
1045:
74:
Consecrated virgins spend their time in works of penance and mercy, in apostolic activity and in prayer, according to their state of life and
2001:
935:"The Ancient Order of Virgins and a Unique Role for Women in the Catholic Church: An Interview with Jenna Cooper – The European Conservative"
1341:
30:
1012:
825:
811:
560:
service of the church and of their neighbor; that they be admitted to this Consecration by the Bishop who is the local Ordinary."
2057:
1504:
1299:
17:
1454:
1440:
1404:
232:; her train of virgins is led by one holding a banner bearing the emblem of the white weasel or ermine, symbol of chastity in
1316:
1070:
959:
859:
1449:
294:
by addressing the congregation: "I have espoused you to one husband, that I may present you as a chaste virgin to Christ".
1033:
762:
1497:
619:
198:
702:
1225:
400:. Among Carthusian nuns, there was the unique practice of these virgins being entitled to hand apart from a crown a
1842:
938:
1855:
459:
There was an increasing demand for such consecrations in the 1920s, and bishops requested clarification from the
453:
262:
at the end of the 6th century. Praise of chastity or celibacy as a religious virtue is already present in the
193:
1761:
1736:
1532:
2062:
2052:
2011:
855:
1924:
1919:
1779:
1702:
444:
early 20th century. Leflaive was directed towards this vocation by François de Rovérié de Cabrières, the
341:
1555:
1007:, Pontificia Università Lateranense, Instituto Teolotico Marchigiano (2003/4), 31f., citing F. Maroto,
915:
890:"To participants in the International Congress of the Ordo Virginum (May 15, 2008) | BENEDICT XVI"
396:. This consecration could be done either concurrently with or some time after the profession of solemn
377:). The earliest copies of the rite are from some of the earliest sacramentaries, like the 7th-century
1623:
1580:
1575:
520:
329:
1597:
1381:"Central elements of consecrated virginity | United States Association of Consecrated Virgins"
630:
The approved liturgical rite whereby the bishop consecrates the candidate is by the solemn rite of
89:
The rite of consecration of virgins for women living in the world was reintroduced in 1970, under
1890:
1769:
1445:(1983, English translation) re: Virgins as members of the Consecrated Life in the Catholic Church
1991:
1874:
1611:
739:
652:
515:
115:
94:
1565:
1560:
677:
445:
119:
1885:
1850:
1784:
1774:
1672:
1650:
1436:(1983, Latin edition) re: Virgins as members of the Consecrated Life in the Catholic Church
682:
637:
378:
1489:
851:
8:
1895:
1860:
1789:
1550:
1471:
1355:
537:
as showing the importance of the office consecrated men and women fulfill in the church.
498:
306:
576:
virgins work in professions ranging from teachers and attorneys to that of firefighter.
2031:
1970:
1570:
432:
405:
1250:"Who are consecrated virgins? | United States Association of Consecrated Virgins"
1204:"Who are consecrated virgins? | United States Association of Consecrated Virgins"
523:
were permitted to receive the liturgical consecration of virgins. In 1954, Pius cited
27:
Consecrated, mystically betrothed to Christ and dedicated to the service of the Church
1812:
1618:
1479:
1165:
259:
128:
1986:
1342:"Pope to Consecrated Virgins: Be women of mercy, experts in humanity - Vatican News"
1731:
1687:
1665:
1592:
1520:
569:
502:
420:
401:
349:
271:
138:
86:
or "in the world" under the authority of her bishop, to the service of the church.
149:
records range at around 5,000 consecrated virgins living in the world as of 2023.
1804:
1660:
1524:
798:
474:
473:
Beginning in the 1940s, Leflaive was in contact with Angelo Roncalli, the future
449:
363:
291:
188:
142:
68:
64:
52:
1431:
1009:
Sacra Congregatio de religiosis. De consecratione virginum in saeculo degentibus
184:
1910:
1682:
1655:
1642:
1604:
1587:
607:
Congregation for Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life
510:
397:
325:
302:
203:
176:
154:
Congregation for Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life
83:
75:
1150:"It is a source of joy and hope to witness in our time a new flowering of the
998:"Maroto ritiene che l'antico uso di conferire la Consecratio Virginum a donne
2046:
2006:
1948:
1716:
1455:
Catechism of the Catholic Church (1993) §2337-2359 "The Vocation to Chastity"
1450:
Catechism of the Catholic Church (1993) §922 "Consecrated Virgins and Widows"
1158:
when the Church will at last fully live her love for Christ the Bridegroom."
871:
359:
310:
287:
267:
263:
255:
108:
104:
38:
1156:
a special eschatological image of the Heavenly Bride and of the life to come
974:
Alt – aber nicht veraltet, Die Jungfrauenweihe als Weg der Christusnachfolge
217:
547:
478:
389:
337:
90:
1633:
1476:
Braut des Königs. Jungfräulichkeit in Kloster und Welt und Jungfrauenweihe
1380:
1249:
1965:
1751:
1483:
1203:
497:
in 1968. At a time where the Reformed confessions began to introduce the
333:
298:
59:
is a woman who has been consecrated by the church to a life of perpetual
1426:
La consacrazione nell'Ordo virginum: forma di vita e disciplina canonica
1017:
La consacrazione nell'Ordo Virginum. Forma di vita e disciplina canonica
1677:
1275:"Does the Church require that consecrated virgins actually be virgins?"
428:
393:
384:
During the medieval period, the rite of consecration was maintained by
318:
1958:
1943:
1936:
1746:
1697:
409:
60:
152:
In view of the upcoming 50th anniversary of the reintroduction, the
2026:
1878:
1832:
1827:
1822:
1721:
812:"Church reproposes Order of Virgins 50 years after its restoration"
703:"CONSECRATION TO A LIFE OF VIRGINITY FOR WOMEN LIVING IN THE WORLD"
314:
251:
233:
229:
225:
180:
1996:
1726:
1123:
Decree promulgating the new rite for the consecration of a virgin
1030:
Anne Leflaive: Une vie pour la renaissance d’une vocation oubliée
645:
146:
1953:
1931:
1869:
1794:
1741:
1545:
413:
1317:"Instruction "Ecclesiae Sponsae Imago" on the "Ordo virginum""
145:. Estimates on the number of consecrated virgins derived from
1900:
1865:
1711:
641:
483:
Study of the Consecrations of Virgins in the Roman Pontifical
281:
275:
860:
Instruction “Ecclesiae Sponsae Imago” on the “Ordo virginum”
1905:
1817:
1519:
1460:
Pope John Paul II, "Vita Consecrata" (1996), §7 re: Virgins
1005:
L'Ordine Delle Vergini, Sviluppo Storico e Profilo Canonico
564:
448:. She received the consecration in the chapel of Carmel at
385:
1428:, Tesi Gregoriana, Serie Diritto Canonico 56, Rome (2002).
876:
79:
1178:
Instruction Ecclesiae Sponsae Imago on the Ordo virginum
274:
suggests a special role for virgins or unmarried women (
1300:"Consecrated virgins need not be virgins, says Vatican"
1019:, Pontificia Università Gregoriana (2002), 32–34.
348:
The first known formal rite of consecration is that of
960:"Carthusian Nuns and the Use of the Maniple and Stole"
651:
The legislation outlining this, as it appears in the
97:. It is based on the template of the practice of the
290:
11:2, Paul alludes to the metaphor of the Church as
1139:Consecration to a life of virginity – introduction
640:daily, and is encouraged but not required to pray
137:), the members of which represent an image of the
280:) as more suitable for "the things of the Lord" (
2044:
1050:, §3, March 25, 1954, Libreria Editrice Vaticana
452:on 6 January 1924, on her 25th birthday, by the
1226:"The Vatican's virgin soldier | Lifestyle"
461:Congregation for Institutes of Consecrated Life
563:The newly consecrated virgin still receives a
1505:
785:
783:
301:, there are numerous accounts of pre-Nicaean
131:speak of the reflourishing Order of Virgins (
67:. Consecrated virgins are consecrated by the
1223:
602:Ecclesiae Sponsae Imago on the Ordo virginum
492:
328:, the prototype of the sacred virgin is the
78:. A consecrated virgin may live either as a
767:Office for Religious- Archdiocese of Dublin
631:
600:
554:
530:
524:
486:
464:
353:
157:
132:
122:
98:
71:according to the approved liturgical rite.
1512:
1498:
824:Register, Southern Nebraska (2023-11-03).
780:
340:. Although not stated in the gospels, the
847:
845:
826:"Consecrated virgins living in the world"
1348:
1121:Sacred Congregation for Divine Worship,
823:
477:, and with Giovanni Montini, the future
216:
192:
29:
613:
14:
2045:
1398:
916:"Virginity in the Christian Tradition"
913:
842:
572:and in the oldest liturgical sources.
362:. Another early consecrated virgin is
1493:
932:
730:
728:
726:
1022:
920:St Andrews Encyclopaedia of Theology
763:"Ordo Virginum-The Order of Virgins"
228:is standing on a wagon drawn by two
751:294 no. 3352. English translation:
24:
1465:
914:Hughes, Amy Brown (29 June 2023).
723:
258:in Christian tradition, listed by
199:Mystic marriage of Saint Catherine
25:
2074:
438:
2025:
1632:
753:The Rites of the Catholic Church
388:in monastic orders, such as the
1373:
1334:
1309:
1292:
1267:
1242:
1217:
1196:
1183:
1171:
1144:
1132:
1115:
1085:
1055:
1039:
992:
983:
966:
952:
926:
792:A Consecrated Virgin, July 2017
224:: an allegory of the virtue of
2058:Catholic theology and doctrine
907:
882:
865:
817:
804:
695:
655:of the Catholic Church, says:
277:ἡ γυνὴ καὶ ἡ παρθένος ἡ ἄγαμος
236:(Master of the Paris Entries,
13:
1:
933:Ryder, Bridget (2022-10-06).
688:
456:, Hyacinthe-Jean Chassagnon.
427:is known for Benedictine and
367:
352:, dated AD 353, mentioned in
237:
207:
42:
2012:List of religious institutes
814:, Vatican News, 4 July 2018.
735:Ordo Consecrationis Virginum
556:Ordo Consecrationis Virginum
185:Celibacy § Christianity
35:The Coronation of the Virgin
7:
1224:Ann Treneman (1996-11-05).
1164:, Apostolic Exhortation by
830:Catholic Diocese of Lincoln
755:2 (n. 29, p. 81), 132-164,
671:
342:perpetual virginity of Mary
10:
2079:
1032:(2004), English summary:
1015:(1927), 160f.; E. Bolchi,
282:
276:
174:
170:
165:
2020:
1979:
1841:
1803:
1760:
1696:
1641:
1630:
1624:Society of apostolic life
1531:
508:In 1950, Pius XII issued
1206:. Consecratedvirgins.org
1152:ancient Order of Virgins
1093:"Sacrosanctum concilium"
978:Ordenskorrespondenz Köln
856:José Rodríguez Carballo
324:In the theology of the
156:issued the instruction
107:, especially the early
18:Consecration of virgins
2032:Catholicism portal
2002:Vocational discernment
1992:Foolishness for Christ
1385:Consecratedvirgins.org
1254:Consecratedvirgins.org
1191:Ecclesia Sponsae Imago
1067:, §15, March 25, 1954"
1034:consecratedvirgins.org
989:AAS 19, 15 March 1927.
810:Bernadette Mary Reis,
710:Consecratedvirgins.org
669:
653:1983 Code of Canon Law
632:
605:was published by the
601:
597:
555:
544:
531:
525:
516:apostolic constitution
493:
487:
485:in 1934, re-edited as
465:
412:otherwise reserved to
354:
248:
214:
159:Ecclesia Sponsae imago
158:
133:
123:
116:1983 Code of Canon Law
99:
95:Second Vatican Council
48:
1443:The Code of Canon Law
1441:Text of canon 604 of
1434:The Code of Canon Law
1432:Text of canon 604 of
1356:"Consecrated Virgins"
678:Christian monasticism
657:
592:
539:
446:bishop of Montpellier
425:Consecratio Virginum
332:, consecrated by the
315:Euphemia of Chalcedon
283:μεριμνᾷ τὰ τοῦ κυρίου
220:
196:
175:Further information:
120:Apostolic Exhortation
93:, in the wake of the
33:
1775:Liturgy of the Hours
1651:Evangelical counsels
1424:Elena Lucia Bolchi,
1279:Catholic News Agency
1073:on September 5, 2015
972:Marianne Schlosser,
683:Evangelical counsels
638:Liturgy of the Hours
633:Consecratio Virginum
614:Rite of consecration
494:La Femme et l'Eglise
379:Leonine sacramentary
2063:Christian practices
2053:Consecrated virgins
1551:Religious institute
1407:De Christefidelibus
1405:sec1 tit1 CIC II.I
1103:on 21 February 2008
1000:in saeculo viventes
499:ordination of women
466:in saeculo viventes
330:Blessed Virgin Mary
307:Margaret of Antioch
222:Triumph of Chastity
1541:Consecrated virgin
1065:Sacra Virginitatis
1028:Roux, Jacqueline,
797:2018-07-18 at the
529:in his encyclical
249:
234:medieval tradition
215:
103:going back to the
57:consecrated virgin
49:
2040:
2039:
1813:Clerical clothing
1619:Secular institute
1166:Pope John Paul II
1129:62 (1970) p. 650.
852:João Braz de Aviz
553:The 1970 rite of
488:Espouse du Christ
319:Lucia of Syracuse
260:Gregory the Great
129:Pope John Paul II
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1688:Vow of enclosure
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1168:, 25 March 1996.
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620:consecrated life
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599:The instruction
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558:
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533:Sacra Virginitas
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496:
491:in 1956, and as
490:
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421:High Middle Ages
376:
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358:by her brother,
357:
350:Saint Marcellina
285:
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272:Paul the Apostle
266:, especially in
246:
242:
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100:velatio virginum
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1468:
1466:Further reading
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1420:
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1090:
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1046:Pope Pius XII.
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454:bishop of Autun
450:Paray-le-Monial
441:
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364:Saint Genevieve
292:Bride of Christ
244:
240:
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191:
189:Bridal theology
173:
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143:Bride of Christ
124:Vita Consecrata
84:monastic orders
82:in some of the
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69:diocesan bishop
65:bride of Christ
53:Catholic Church
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439:Modern history
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303:virgin martyrs
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264:New Testament
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334:Holy Spirit
299:hagiography
270:, in which
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1097:Vatican.va
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689:References
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